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Jadhav T, Dhokale B, Saeed ZM, Hadjichristidis N, Mohamed S. Dynamic Covalent Chemistry of Enamine-Ones: Exploring Tunable Reactivity in Vitrimeric Polymers and Covalent Organic Frameworks. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400356. [PMID: 38842466 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) has revolutionized the field of polymer science by offering new opportunities for the synthesis, processability, and recyclability of polymers as well as in the development of new materials with interesting properties such as vitrimers and covalent organic frameworks (COFs). Many DCC linkages have been explored for this purpose, but recently, enamine-ones have proven to be promising dynamic linkages because of their facile reversible transamination reactions under thermodynamic control. Their high stability, stimuli-responsive properties, and tunable kinetics make them promising dynamic cross-linkers in network polymers. Given the rapid developments in the field in recent years, this review provides a critical and up-to-date overview of recent developments in enamine-one chemistry, including factors that control their dynamics. The focus of the review will be on the utility of enamine-ones in designing a variety of processable and self-healable polymers with important applications in vitrimers and recyclable closed-loop polymers. The use of enamine-one linkages in crystalline polymers, known as COFs and their applications are also summarized. Finally, we provide an outlook for future developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaksen Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry, Green Chemistry & Materials Modelling Laboratory, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Catalysis and Separations, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bhausaheb Dhokale
- Department of Chemistry, Green Chemistry & Materials Modelling Laboratory, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States of America
| | - Zeinab M Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Green Chemistry & Materials Modelling Laboratory, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Catalysis and Separations, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Chemistry Program, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharmarke Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Green Chemistry & Materials Modelling Laboratory, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Catalysis and Separations, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates
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Rodrigues JGP, Arias S, Pacheco JGA, Dias ML. Structure and thermal behavior of biobased vitrimer of lactic acid and epoxidized canola oil. RSC Adv 2023; 13:33613-33624. [PMID: 38019990 PMCID: PMC10652253 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06272d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biobased vitrimers were obtained from epoxidized canola oil (ECO) and lactic acid (LA) using zinc acetate (ZnAc) and ZnAl-layered double hydroxide (ZnAl) in the proportions of 1 and 2 wt% as transesterification catalysts. Reactions containing ECO and LA showed an average enthalpy of cure of approximately 85 mJ mg-1 and materials cured in the presence of the catalysts showed lower enthalpies of cure and decrease in the material gel content. ECO-LA reaction generated materials with rubber-like properties with Tg ranging from -15 °C to -23 °C, where the material without a catalyst showed the higher Tg value. The presence of catalysts gave the material vitrimer properties, with the softening point associated with transesterification reactions and topology freezing temperature transition at temperatures (Tv) between 195-235 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Gabriel P Rodrigues
- Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Santiago Arias
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Pernambuco Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Lopes Dias
- Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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Van Lijsebetten F, De Bruycker K, Van Ruymbeke E, Winne JM, Du Prez FE. Characterising different molecular landscapes in dynamic covalent networks. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12865-12875. [PMID: 36519055 PMCID: PMC9645389 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05528g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic covalent networks present a unique opportunity to exert molecular-level control on macroscopic material properties, by linking their thermal behaviour to the thermodynamics and kinetics of the underlying chemistry. Yet, existing methods do not allow for the extraction and analysis of the influence of local differences in chemical reactivity caused by available reactants, catalysts, or additives. In this context, we present a rheological paradigm that allows us to correlate the composition of a reactive polymer segment to a faster or slower rate of network rearrangement. We discovered that a generalised Maxwell model could separate and quantify the dynamic behaviour of each type of reactive segment individually, which was crucial to fully comprehend the mechanics of the final material. More specifically, Eyring and Van 't Hoff analysis were used to relate possible bond catalysis and dissociation to structural changes by combining statistical modelling with rheology measurements. As a result, precise viscosity changes could be measured, allowing for accurate comparison of various dynamic covalent network materials, including vitrimers and dissociative networks. The herein reported method therefore facilitated the successful analysis of virtually any type of rate-enhancing effect and will allow for the design of functional and fast (re)processable materials, as well as improve our ability to predict and engineer their properties for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Van Lijsebetten
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) and Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University Krijgslaan 281-S4 Ghent 9000 Belgium
| | - Kevin De Bruycker
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) and Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University Krijgslaan 281-S4 Ghent 9000 Belgium
| | - Evelyne Van Ruymbeke
- Bio and Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain Croix du Sud 1 Louvain-la-Neuve 1348 Belgium
| | - Johan M Winne
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) and Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University Krijgslaan 281-S4 Ghent 9000 Belgium
| | - Filip E Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) and Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University Krijgslaan 281-S4 Ghent 9000 Belgium
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