1
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Vickers AJ, Mahal B, Ogunwobi OO. Racism Does Not Cause Prostate Cancer, It Causes Prostate Cancer Death. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:2151-2154. [PMID: 36693227 PMCID: PMC10448930 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.02203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Vickers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Brandon Mahal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Olorunseun O. Ogunwobi
- Hunter College Center for Cancer Health Disparities Research, Hunter College, City University of New York, NY
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2
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Samtal C, El Jaddaoui I, Hamdi S, Bouguenouch L, Ouldim K, Nejjari C, Ghazal H, Bekkari H. Review of prostate cancer genomic studies in Africa. Front Genet 2022; 13:911101. [DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.911101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly diagnosed in men worldwide and one of the most frequent cancers in men in Africa. The heterogeneity of this cancer fosters the need to identify potential genetic risk factors/biomarkers. Omics variations may significantly contribute to early diagnosis and personalized treatment. However, there are few genomic studies of this disease in African populations. This review sheds light on the status of genomics research on PCa in Africa and outlines the common variants identified thus far. The allele frequencies of the most significant SNPs in Afro-native, Afro-descendants, and European populations were compared. We advocate how these few but promising data will aid in understanding, better diagnosing, and precisely treating this cancer and the need for further collaborative research on the genomics of PCa in the African continent.
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3
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Papachristodoulou A, Abate-Shen C. Precision intervention for prostate cancer: Re-evaluating who is at risk. Cancer Lett 2022; 538:215709. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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4
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Bree KK, Hensley PJ, Pettaway CA. Germline Mutations in African American Men With Prostate Cancer: Incidence, Implications and Diagnostic Disparities. Urology 2021; 163:148-155. [PMID: 34453957 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2021.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent data suggests that African American men (AAM) with prostate cancer (PCa) exhibit genetic alterations in highly penetrant germline genes, as well as low penetrant single nucleotide polymorphisms. The importance of germline variants of uncertain significance (VUS) remain poorly elucidated and given the elevated rates of VUS in AAM compared to Caucasians with PCa, further studies are needed to facilitate potential reclassification of VUS. Ongoing efforts to include AAM in genomics research is of paramount importance in order to ensure applicability of discoveries across diverse populations and potentially reduce PCa disparities as we embark on the era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly K Bree
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Patrick J Hensley
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Curtis A Pettaway
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
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5
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HOXB5 Overexpression Is Associated with Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Poor Prognosis in Prostate Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080893. [PMID: 34440097 PMCID: PMC8389587 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeobox genes function as master regulatory transcription factors during embryogenesis. HOXB5 is known to play an important role in several cancers. However, the biological role of HOXB5 in prostate cancer (PCa) is not fully elucidated. This study aimed to analyze the expression and function of HOXB5 and involvement of HOXB5 in neuroendocrine differentiation in PCa. Immunohistochemistry showed that 56 (43.8%) of 128 cases of localized PCa were positive for HOXB5. HOXB5-positive cases were associated with poor prostate-specific antigen recurrence-free survival after prostatectomy. Among 74 cases of metastatic PCa, 43 (58.1%) were positive for HOXB5. HOXB5 expression was higher in metastatic PCa than that in localized PCa. HOXB5 knockdown suppressed cell growth and invasion, but HOXB5 overexpression increased cell growth and invasion in PCa cell lines. Furthermore, HOXB5 regulated RET expression. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that Nelson androgen response gene set was enriched in low HOXB5 expression group. RB1 knockout increased HOXB5 expression. Of note, additional p53 knockdown further increased HOXB5 expression in RB1 knockout cells. In silico analysis showed that HOXB5 expression was increased in neuroendocrine PCa (NEPC). These results suggest that HOXB5 may be a promising prognostic marker after prostatectomy and is involved in progression to NEPC.
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6
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Chandrasekar T, Kelly WK, Gomella LG. Overview of Prostate Cancer Genetic Testing. Urol Clin North Am 2021; 48:279-282. [PMID: 34210484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thenappan Chandrasekar
- Department of Urology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, Suite 1100, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - William K Kelly
- Medical Oncology and Urology, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, 1025 Walnut Street, Suite 700, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Leonard G Gomella
- Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University and Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, Suite 1100, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. https://twitter.com/LeonardGomella
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7
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Xu F, Shangguan X, Pan J, Yue Z, Shen K, Ji Y, Zhang W, Zhu Y, Sha J, Wang Y, Fan L, Dong B, Wang Q, Xue W. HOXD13 suppresses prostate cancer metastasis and BMP4-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition by inhibiting SMAD1. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:3060-3070. [PMID: 33521930 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The HOX genes are a group of highly conserved Homeobox-containing genes that control the body plan organization during development. However, their contributions to tumorigenesis and tumor progression remain uncertain and controversial. Here we provided evidence of tumor-suppressive activity of HOXD13 in prostate cancer. HOXD13 depletion contributes to more aggressiveness of prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. These effects were corroborated in a metastatic mice model, where we observed more bone metastatic lesions formed by prostate cancer cells with HOXD13 ablation. Mechanistically, HOXD13 prevents BMP4-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by inhibiting mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1 (SMAD1) transcription. Both bioinformation and our tissue microarray cohort data show that HOXD13 expression inversely correlated in advanced prostate cancer patient specimens. Our findings establish HOXD13 as a negative regulator of prostate cancer progression and metastasis by preventing BMP4/SMAD1 signaling, and potentially suggest new strategies for targeting metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xun Shangguan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahua Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiying Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyi Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinjie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liancheng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baijun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Saunders EJ, Kote-Jarai Z, Eeles RA. Identification of Germline Genetic Variants that Increase Prostate Cancer Risk and Influence Development of Aggressive Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:760. [PMID: 33673083 PMCID: PMC7917798 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PrCa) is a heterogeneous disease, which presents in individual patients across a diverse phenotypic spectrum ranging from indolent to fatal forms. No robust biomarkers are currently available to enable routine screening for PrCa or to distinguish clinically significant forms, therefore late stage identification of advanced disease and overdiagnosis plus overtreatment of insignificant disease both remain areas of concern in healthcare provision. PrCa has a substantial heritable component, and technological advances since the completion of the Human Genome Project have facilitated improved identification of inherited genetic factors influencing susceptibility to development of the disease within families and populations. These genetic markers hold promise to enable improved understanding of the biological mechanisms underpinning PrCa development, facilitate genetically informed PrCa screening programmes and guide appropriate treatment provision. However, insight remains largely lacking regarding many aspects of their manifestation; especially in relation to genes associated with aggressive phenotypes, risk factors in non-European populations and appropriate approaches to enable accurate stratification of higher and lower risk individuals. This review discusses the methodology used in the elucidation of genetic loci, genes and individual causal variants responsible for modulating PrCa susceptibility; the current state of understanding of the allelic spectrum contributing to PrCa risk; and prospective future translational applications of these discoveries in the developing eras of genomics and personalised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. Saunders
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK; (Z.K.-J.); (R.A.E.)
| | - Zsofia Kote-Jarai
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK; (Z.K.-J.); (R.A.E.)
| | - Rosalind A. Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK; (Z.K.-J.); (R.A.E.)
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
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9
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Brandão A, Paulo P, Teixeira MR. Hereditary Predisposition to Prostate Cancer: From Genetics to Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5036. [PMID: 32708810 PMCID: PMC7404100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PrCa) ranks among the top five cancers for both incidence and mortality worldwide. A significant proportion of PrCa susceptibility has been attributed to inherited predisposition, with 10-20% of cases expected to occur in a hereditary/familial context. Advances in DNA sequencing technologies have uncovered several moderate- to high-penetrance PrCa susceptibility genes, most of which have previously been related to known hereditary cancer syndromes, namely the hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, CHEK2, and PALB2) and Lynch syndrome (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2) genes. Additional candidate genes have also been suggested, but further evidence is needed to include them in routine genetic testing. Recommendations based on clinical features, family history, and ethnicity have been established for more cost-efficient genetic testing of patients and families who may be at an increased risk of developing PrCa. The identification of alterations in PrCa predisposing genes may help to inform screening strategies, as well as treatment options, in the metastatic setting. This review provides an overview of the genetic basis underlying hereditary predisposition to PrCa, the current genetic screening recommendations, and the implications for clinical management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Brandão
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (A.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Paula Paulo
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (A.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Manuel R. Teixeira
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (A.B.); (P.P.)
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Biomedical Sciences Institute Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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10
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Deng Z, Yin K, Bao Y, Armengol VD, Wang C, Tiwari A, Barzilay R, Parmigiani G, Braun D, Hughes KS. Validation of a Semiautomated Natural Language Processing-Based Procedure for Meta-Analysis of Cancer Susceptibility Gene Penetrance. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2020; 3:1-9. [PMID: 31419182 DOI: 10.1200/cci.19.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Quantifying the risk of cancer associated with pathogenic mutations in germline cancer susceptibility genes-that is, penetrance-enables the personalization of preventive management strategies. Conducting a meta-analysis is the best way to obtain robust risk estimates. We have previously developed a natural language processing (NLP) -based abstract classifier which classifies abstracts as relevant to penetrance, prevalence of mutations, both, or neither. In this work, we evaluate the performance of this NLP-based procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared the semiautomated NLP-based procedure, which involves automated abstract classification and text mining, followed by human review of identified studies, with the traditional procedure that requires human review of all studies. Ten high-quality gene-cancer penetrance meta-analyses spanning 16 gene-cancer associations were used as the gold standard by which to evaluate the performance of our procedure. For each meta-analysis, we evaluated the number of abstracts that required human review (workload) and the ability to identify the studies that were included by the authors in their quantitative analysis (coverage). RESULTS Compared with the traditional procedure, the semiautomated NLP-based procedure led to a lower workload across all 10 meta-analyses, with an overall 84% reduction (2,774 abstracts v 16,941 abstracts) in the amount of human review required. Overall coverage was 93%-we are able to identify 132 of 142 studies-before reviewing references of identified studies. Reasons for the 10 missed studies included blank and poorly written abstracts. After reviewing references, nine of the previously missed studies were identified and coverage improved to 99% (141 of 142 studies). CONCLUSION We demonstrated that an NLP-based procedure can significantly reduce the review workload without compromising the ability to identify relevant studies. NLP algorithms have promising potential for reducing human efforts in the literature review process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kanhua Yin
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Yujia Bao
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA
| | | | - Cathy Wang
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Giovanni Parmigiani
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Danielle Braun
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Kevin S Hughes
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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11
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de Bessa Garcia SA, Araújo M, Pereira T, Mouta J, Freitas R. HOX genes function in Breast Cancer development. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1873:188358. [PMID: 32147544 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer develops in the mammary glands during mammalian adulthood and is considered the second most common type of human carcinoma and the most incident and mortal in the female population. In contrast to other human structures, the female mammary glands continue to develop after birth, undergoing various modifications during pregnancy, lactation and involution under the regulation of hormones and transcription factors, including those encoded by the HOX clusters (A, B, C, and D). Interestingly, HOX gene deregulation is often associated to breast cancer development. Within the HOXB cluster, 8 out of the 10 genes present altered expression levels in breast cancer with an impact in its aggressiveness and resistance to hormone therapy, which highlights the importance of HOXB genes as potential therapeutic targets used to overcome the limitations of tamoxifen-resistant cancer treatments. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on the role of HOX genes in breast cancer, specially focus on HOXB, discussing the causes and consequences of HOXB gene deregulation and their relevance as prognostic factors and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Aparecida de Bessa Garcia
- IBMC- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, I3S- Institute for Innovation and Health Research, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Araújo
- IBMC- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, I3S- Institute for Innovation and Health Research, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Pereira
- IBMC- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, I3S- Institute for Innovation and Health Research, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - João Mouta
- IBMC- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, I3S- Institute for Innovation and Health Research, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Renata Freitas
- IBMC- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, I3S- Institute for Innovation and Health Research, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.; ICBAS- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal..
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12
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Boyle JL, Hahn AW, Kapron AL, Kohlmann W, Greenberg SE, Parnell TJ, Teerlink CC, Maughan BL, Feng BJ, Cannon-Albright L, Agarwal N, Cooney KA. Pathogenic Germline DNA Repair Gene and HOXB13 Mutations in Men With Metastatic Prostate Cancer. JCO Precis Oncol 2020; 4:1900284. [PMID: 32923906 PMCID: PMC7446531 DOI: 10.1200/po.19.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Germline mutations in DNA repair (DR) genes and susceptibility genes CDKN2A and HOXB13 have previously been associated with prostate cancer (PC) incidence and/or progression. However, the role and prevalence of this class of mutations in metastatic PC (mPC) are not fully understood. PATIENTS AND METHODS To evaluate the frequency of pathogenic/likely pathogenic germline variants (PVs/LPVs) in men with mPC, this study sequenced 38 DR genes, CDKN2A, and HOXB13 in a predominantly white cohort of 317 patients with mPC. A PC registry at the University of Utah was used for patient sample acquisition and retrospective clinical data collection. Deep target sequencing allowed for germline and copy number variant analyses. Validated PVs/LPVs were integrated with clinical and demographic data for statistical correlation analyses. RESULTS All pathogenic variants were found in men self-reported as white, with a carrier frequency of 8.5% (DR genes, 7.3%; CDKN2A/HOXB13, 1.2%). Consistent with previous reports, mutations were most frequently identified in the breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA2. It was also found that 50% of identified PVs/LPVs were categorized as founder mutations with European origins. Correlation analyses did not support a trend toward more advanced or earlier-onset disease in comparisons between carriers and noncarriers of deleterious DR or HOXB13 G84E mutations. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate a lower prevalence of germline PVs/LPVs in an unselected, predominantly white mPC cohort than previously reported, which may have implications for the design of clinical trials testing targeted therapies. Larger studies in broad and diverse populations are needed to more accurately define the prevalence of germline mutations in men with mPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie L Boyle
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Andrew W Hahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Ashley L Kapron
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Wendy Kohlmann
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | | | - Craig C Teerlink
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,Department of Family and Preventative Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Benjamin L Maughan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Bing-Jian Feng
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Lisa Cannon-Albright
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Kathleen A Cooney
- Department of Medicine and the Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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13
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Pilarski R. The Role of BRCA Testing in Hereditary Pancreatic and Prostate Cancer Families. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2019; 39:79-86. [PMID: 31099688 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_238977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Beyond breast and ovarian cancers, mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes increase risks for pancreatic and prostate cancers and contribute to the prevalence of these cancers. Mutations in a number of other genes have also been shown to increase the risk for these cancers as well. Genetic testing is playing an increasingly important role in the treatment of patients with pancreatic and prostate cancer and is now recommended for all patients with pancreatic or metastatic prostate cancer, as well as patients with high Gleason grade prostate cancer and a remarkable family history. Identification of an inherited mutation can direct evaluation of the patient for other cancer risks as well as identification and management of disease in at-risk relatives. Growing evidence suggests improved responses to PARP inhibitors and other therapies in patients with mutations in the BRCA and other DNA repair genes. Although more work must be done to clarify the prevalence and penetrance of mutations in genes other than BRCA1 and BRCA2 in patients with pancreatic and prostate cancer, in most cases, testing is now being done with a panel of multiple genes. Because of the complexities in panel testing and the increased likelihood of finding variants of uncertain significance, pre- and post-test genetic counseling are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pilarski
- 1 Division of Human Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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14
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Nyberg T, Govindasami K, Leslie G, Dadaev T, Bancroft E, Ni Raghallaigh H, Brook MN, Hussain N, Keating D, Lee A, McMahon R, Morgan A, Mullen A, Osborne A, Rageevakumar R, Kote-Jarai Z, Eeles R, Antoniou AC. Homeobox B13 G84E Mutation and Prostate Cancer Risk. Eur Urol 2019; 75:834-845. [PMID: 30527799 PMCID: PMC6470122 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The homeobox B13 (HOXB13) G84E mutation has been recommended for use in genetic counselling for prostate cancer (PCa), but the magnitude of PCa risk conferred by this mutation is uncertain. OBJECTIVE To obtain precise risk estimates for mutation carriers and information on how these vary by family history and other factors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Two-fold: a systematic review and meta-analysis of published risk estimates, and a kin-cohort study comprising pedigree data on 11983 PCa patients enrolled during 1993-2014 from 189 UK hospitals and who had been genotyped for HOXB13 G84E. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Relative and absolute PCa risks. Complex segregation analysis with ascertainment adjustment to derive age-specific risks applicable to the population, and to investigate how these vary by family history and birth cohort. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS A meta-analysis of case-control studies revealed significant heterogeneity between reported relative risks (RRs; range: 0.95-33.0, p<0.001) and differences by case selection (p=0.007). Based on case-control studies unselected for PCa family history, the pooled RR estimate was 3.43 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.78-4.23). In the kin-cohort study, PCa risk for mutation carriers varied by family history (p<0.001). There was a suggestion that RRs decrease with age, but this was not significant (p=0.068). We found higher RR estimates for men from more recent birth cohorts (p=0.004): 3.09 (95% CI 2.03-4.71) for men born in 1929 or earlier and 5.96 (95% CI 4.01-8.88) for men born in 1930 or later. The absolute PCa risk by age 85 for a male HOXB13 G84E carrier varied from 60% for those with no PCa family history to 98% for those with two relatives diagnosed at young ages, compared with an average risk of 15% for noncarriers. Limitations include the reliance on self-reported cancer family history. CONCLUSIONS PCa risks for HOXB13 G84E mutation carriers are heterogeneous. Counselling should not be based on average risk estimates but on age-specific absolute risk estimates tailored to individual mutation carriers' family history and birth cohort. PATIENT SUMMARY Men who carry a hereditary mutation in the homeobox B13 (HOXB13) gene have a higher than average risk for developing prostate cancer. In our study, we examined a large number of families of men with prostate cancer recruited across UK hospitals, to assess what other factors may contribute to this risk and to assess whether we could create a precise model to help in predicting a man's prostate cancer risk. We found that the risk of developing prostate cancer in men who carry this genetic mutation is also affected by a family history of prostate cancer and their year of birth. This information can be used to assess more personalised prostate cancer risks to men who carry HOXB13 mutations and hence better counsel them on more personalised risk management options, such as tailoring prostate cancer screening frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Nyberg
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Koveela Govindasami
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Goska Leslie
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tokhir Dadaev
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Bancroft
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Holly Ni Raghallaigh
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Mark N Brook
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Nafisa Hussain
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Diana Keating
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Andrew Lee
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Romayne McMahon
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Angela Morgan
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrea Mullen
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Andrea Osborne
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Reshma Rageevakumar
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Zsofia Kote-Jarai
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Rosalind Eeles
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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15
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Fantus RJ, Helfand BT. Germline Genetics of Prostate Cancer: Time to Incorporate Genetics into Early Detection Tools. Clin Chem 2018; 65:74-79. [PMID: 30459162 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2018.286658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) remains the most common solid malignancy in men, and its prevalence makes understanding its heritability of paramount importance. To date, the most common factors used to estimate a man's risk of developing PCa are age, race, and family history. Despite recent advances in its utility in multiple malignancies (e.g., breast and colon cancer), genetic testing is still relatively underutilized in PCa. CONTENT Multiple highly penetrant genes (HPGs) and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been show to increase a patient's risk of developing PCa. Mutations in the former, like DNA damage repair genes, can confer a 2- to 3-fold increased risk of developing PCa and can increase the risk of aggressive disease. Similarly, PCa-risk SNPs can be used to create risk scores (e.g., genetic or polygenic risk scores) that can be used to further stratify an individual's disease susceptibility. Specifically, these genetic risk scores can provide more specific estimates of a man's lifetime risk ranging up to >6-fold higher risk of PCa. SUMMARY It is becoming increasingly evident that in addition to the standard family history and race information, it is necessary to obtain genetic testing (including an assessment of HPG mutation status and genetic risk score) to provide a full risk assessment. The additional information derived thereby will improve current practices in PCa screening by risk-stratifying patients before initial prostate-specific antigen testing, determining a patient's frequency of visits, and even help identify potentially at-risk family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Fantus
- Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Brian T Helfand
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL.
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16
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Benafif S, Kote-Jarai Z, Eeles RA. A Review of Prostate Cancer Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS). Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 27:845-857. [PMID: 29348298 PMCID: PMC6051932 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men in Europe and the United States. The genetic heritability of prostate cancer is contributed to by both rarely occurring genetic variants with higher penetrance and moderate to commonly occurring variants conferring lower risks. The number of identified variants belonging to the latter category has increased dramatically in the last 10 years with the development of the genome-wide association study (GWAS) and the collaboration of international consortia that have led to the sharing of large-scale genotyping data. Over 40 prostate cancer GWAS have been reported, with approximately 170 common variants now identified. Clinical utility of these variants could include strategies for population-based risk stratification to target prostate cancer screening to men with an increased genetic risk of disease development, while for those who develop prostate cancer, identifying genetic variants could allow treatment to be tailored based on a genetic profile in the early disease setting. Functional studies of identified variants are needed to fully understand underlying mechanisms of disease and identify novel targets for treatment. This review will outline the GWAS carried out in prostate cancer and the common variants identified so far, and how these may be utilized clinically in the screening for and management of prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(8); 845-57. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Benafif
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom.
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17
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Hao Q, Wei D, Zhang Y, Chen X, Yang F, Yang Z, Zhu X, Wang J. Systematic meta-analyses of gene-specific genetic association studies in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:22271-84. [PMID: 26967244 PMCID: PMC5008361 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past twenty-five years, over 700 case-control association studies on the risk of prostate cancer have been published worldwide, but their results were largely inconsistent. To facilitate following and explaining these findings, we performed a systematic meta-analysis using allelic contrasts for gene-specific SNVs from at least three independent population-based case-control studies, which were published in the field of prostate cancer between August 1, 1990 and August 1, 2015. Across 66 meta-analyses, a total of 20 genetic variants involving 584,100 subjects in 19 different genes (KLK3, IGFBP3, ESR1, SOD2, CAT, CYP1B1, VDR, RFX6, HNF1B, SRD5A2, FGFR4, LEP, HOXB13, FAS, FOXP4, SLC22A3, LMTK2, EHBP1 and MSMB) exhibited significant association with prostate cancer. The average summary OR was 1.33 (ranging from: 1.016–3.788) for risk alleles and 0.838 (ranging from: 0.757–0.896) for protective alleles. Of these positive variants, FOXP4 rs1983891, LMTK2 rs6465657 and RFX6 rs339331 had not been previously meta-analyzed. Further analyses with sufficient power design and investigations of the potential biological roles of these genetic variants in prostate cancer should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Hao
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.,Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China.,Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Dong Wei
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yaoguang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ze Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaoquan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jianye Wang
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.,Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China.,Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100730, China
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18
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Pritchard CC. Genetic Testing for Prostate Cancer in Clinical Practice. JCO Precis Oncol 2017; 1:1-3. [DOI: 10.1200/po.17.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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19
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Lotan TL, Torres A, Zhang M, Tosoian JJ, Guedes LB, Fedor H, Hicks J, Ewing CM, Isaacs SD, Johng D, De Marzo AM, Isaacs WB. Somatic molecular subtyping of prostate tumors from HOXB13 G84E carriers. Oncotarget 2017; 8:22772-22782. [PMID: 28186998 PMCID: PMC5410261 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A recurrent germline mutation (G84E) in the HOXB13 gene is associated with early onset and family history-positive prostate cancer in patients of European descent, occurring in up to 5% of prostate cancer families. To date, the molecular features of prostate tumors occurring in HOXB13 G84E carriers have not been studied in a large cohort of patients. We identified 101 heterozygous carriers of G84E who underwent radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer between 1985 and 2011 and matched these men by race, age and tumor grade to 99 HOXB13 wild-type controls. Immunostaining for HOXB13, PTEN, ERG, p53 and SPINK1 as well as RNA in situ hybridization for ETV1/4/5 were performed using genetically validated assays. Tumors from G84E carriers generally expressed HOXB13 protein at a level comparable to benign and wild-type glands. ETS gene expression (either ERG or ETV1/4/5) was seen in 36% (36/101) of tumors from G84E carriers compared to 68% (65/96) of the controls (p < 0.0001). PTEN was lost in 11% (11/101) of G84E carriers compared to 25% (25/99) of the controls (p = 0.014). PTEN loss was enriched among ERG-positive compared to ERG-negative tumors in both groups of patients. Nuclear accumulation of the p53 protein, indicative of underlying TP53 missense mutations, was uncommon in both groups, occurring in 1% (1/101) of the G84E carriers versus 2% (2/92) of the controls (p = NS). Taken together, these data suggest that genes other than ERG and PTEN may drive carcinogenesis/progression in the majority of men with germline HOXB13 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara L Lotan
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Departments of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alba Torres
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Miao Zhang
- Departments of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Tosoian
- Departments of Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liana B Guedes
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Helen Fedor
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jessica Hicks
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles M Ewing
- Departments of Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah D Isaacs
- Departments of Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dorhyun Johng
- Departments of Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Angelo M De Marzo
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Departments of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Departments of Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William B Isaacs
- Departments of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Departments of Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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20
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Giri VN, Obeid E, Gross L, Bealin L, Hyatt C, Hegarty SE, Montgomery S, Forman A, Bingler R, Kelly WK, Dicker AP, Winheld S, Trabulsi EJ, Chen DY, Lallas CD, Allen BA, Daly MB, Gomella LG. Inherited Mutations in Men Undergoing Multigene Panel Testing for Prostate Cancer: Emerging Implications for Personalized Prostate Cancer Genetic Evaluation. JCO Precis Oncol 2017; 1:PO.16.00039. [PMID: 34164591 PMCID: PMC8210976 DOI: 10.1200/po.16.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Multigene panels are commercially available for the evaluation of prostate cancer (PCA) predisposition, which necessitates tailored genetic counseling (GC) for men. Here we describe emerging results of Genetic Evaluation of Men, prospective multigene testing study in PCA to inform personalized genetic counseling, with emerging implications for referrals, cancer screening, and precision therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligibility criteria for men affected by or at high risk for PCA encompass age, race, family history (FH), and PCA stage/grade. Detailed demographic, clinical, and FH data were obtained from participants and medical records. Multigene testing was conducted after GC. Mutation rates were summarized by eligibility criteria and compared across FH data. The 95% CI of mutation prevalence was constructed by using Poisson distribution. RESULTS Of 200 men enrolled, 62.5% had PCA. Eleven (5.5%; 95% CI, 3.0% to 9.9%) had mutations; 63.6% of mutations were in DNA repair genes. FH of breast cancer was significantly associated with mutation status (P = .004), and FH that met criteria for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome was significantly associated with PCA (odds ratio, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.05 to 5.18). Variants of uncertain significance were reported in 70 men (35.0%). Among mutation carriers, 45.5% had personal/FH concordant with the gene. A tailored GC model was developed based on emerging findings. CONCLUSION Multigene testing for PCA identifies mutations mostly in DNA repair genes, with implications for precision therapy. The study highlights the importance of comprehensive genetic evaluation for PCA beyond metastatic disease, including early-stage disease with strong FH. Detailed FH is important for referrals of men for genetic evaluation. The results inform precision GC and cancer screening for men and their male and female blood relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veda N. Giri
- Veda N. Giri, Laura Gross, Colette Hyatt, Sarah E. Hegarty, William K. Kelly, Adam P. Dicker, Stephanie Winheld, Edouard J. Trabulsi, Costas D. Lallas, and Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University; Elias Obeid, Lisa Bealin, Susan Montgomery, Andrea Forman, Ruth Bingler, David Y.T. Chen, and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; and Brian A. Allen, Myriad Genetics, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Elias Obeid
- Veda N. Giri, Laura Gross, Colette Hyatt, Sarah E. Hegarty, William K. Kelly, Adam P. Dicker, Stephanie Winheld, Edouard J. Trabulsi, Costas D. Lallas, and Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University; Elias Obeid, Lisa Bealin, Susan Montgomery, Andrea Forman, Ruth Bingler, David Y.T. Chen, and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; and Brian A. Allen, Myriad Genetics, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Laura Gross
- Veda N. Giri, Laura Gross, Colette Hyatt, Sarah E. Hegarty, William K. Kelly, Adam P. Dicker, Stephanie Winheld, Edouard J. Trabulsi, Costas D. Lallas, and Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University; Elias Obeid, Lisa Bealin, Susan Montgomery, Andrea Forman, Ruth Bingler, David Y.T. Chen, and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; and Brian A. Allen, Myriad Genetics, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Lisa Bealin
- Veda N. Giri, Laura Gross, Colette Hyatt, Sarah E. Hegarty, William K. Kelly, Adam P. Dicker, Stephanie Winheld, Edouard J. Trabulsi, Costas D. Lallas, and Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University; Elias Obeid, Lisa Bealin, Susan Montgomery, Andrea Forman, Ruth Bingler, David Y.T. Chen, and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; and Brian A. Allen, Myriad Genetics, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Colette Hyatt
- Veda N. Giri, Laura Gross, Colette Hyatt, Sarah E. Hegarty, William K. Kelly, Adam P. Dicker, Stephanie Winheld, Edouard J. Trabulsi, Costas D. Lallas, and Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University; Elias Obeid, Lisa Bealin, Susan Montgomery, Andrea Forman, Ruth Bingler, David Y.T. Chen, and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; and Brian A. Allen, Myriad Genetics, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Sarah E. Hegarty
- Veda N. Giri, Laura Gross, Colette Hyatt, Sarah E. Hegarty, William K. Kelly, Adam P. Dicker, Stephanie Winheld, Edouard J. Trabulsi, Costas D. Lallas, and Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University; Elias Obeid, Lisa Bealin, Susan Montgomery, Andrea Forman, Ruth Bingler, David Y.T. Chen, and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; and Brian A. Allen, Myriad Genetics, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Susan Montgomery
- Veda N. Giri, Laura Gross, Colette Hyatt, Sarah E. Hegarty, William K. Kelly, Adam P. Dicker, Stephanie Winheld, Edouard J. Trabulsi, Costas D. Lallas, and Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University; Elias Obeid, Lisa Bealin, Susan Montgomery, Andrea Forman, Ruth Bingler, David Y.T. Chen, and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; and Brian A. Allen, Myriad Genetics, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Andrea Forman
- Veda N. Giri, Laura Gross, Colette Hyatt, Sarah E. Hegarty, William K. Kelly, Adam P. Dicker, Stephanie Winheld, Edouard J. Trabulsi, Costas D. Lallas, and Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University; Elias Obeid, Lisa Bealin, Susan Montgomery, Andrea Forman, Ruth Bingler, David Y.T. Chen, and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; and Brian A. Allen, Myriad Genetics, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Ruth Bingler
- Veda N. Giri, Laura Gross, Colette Hyatt, Sarah E. Hegarty, William K. Kelly, Adam P. Dicker, Stephanie Winheld, Edouard J. Trabulsi, Costas D. Lallas, and Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University; Elias Obeid, Lisa Bealin, Susan Montgomery, Andrea Forman, Ruth Bingler, David Y.T. Chen, and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; and Brian A. Allen, Myriad Genetics, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - William K. Kelly
- Veda N. Giri, Laura Gross, Colette Hyatt, Sarah E. Hegarty, William K. Kelly, Adam P. Dicker, Stephanie Winheld, Edouard J. Trabulsi, Costas D. Lallas, and Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University; Elias Obeid, Lisa Bealin, Susan Montgomery, Andrea Forman, Ruth Bingler, David Y.T. Chen, and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; and Brian A. Allen, Myriad Genetics, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Adam P. Dicker
- Veda N. Giri, Laura Gross, Colette Hyatt, Sarah E. Hegarty, William K. Kelly, Adam P. Dicker, Stephanie Winheld, Edouard J. Trabulsi, Costas D. Lallas, and Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University; Elias Obeid, Lisa Bealin, Susan Montgomery, Andrea Forman, Ruth Bingler, David Y.T. Chen, and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; and Brian A. Allen, Myriad Genetics, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Stephanie Winheld
- Veda N. Giri, Laura Gross, Colette Hyatt, Sarah E. Hegarty, William K. Kelly, Adam P. Dicker, Stephanie Winheld, Edouard J. Trabulsi, Costas D. Lallas, and Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University; Elias Obeid, Lisa Bealin, Susan Montgomery, Andrea Forman, Ruth Bingler, David Y.T. Chen, and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; and Brian A. Allen, Myriad Genetics, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Edouard J. Trabulsi
- Veda N. Giri, Laura Gross, Colette Hyatt, Sarah E. Hegarty, William K. Kelly, Adam P. Dicker, Stephanie Winheld, Edouard J. Trabulsi, Costas D. Lallas, and Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University; Elias Obeid, Lisa Bealin, Susan Montgomery, Andrea Forman, Ruth Bingler, David Y.T. Chen, and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; and Brian A. Allen, Myriad Genetics, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - David Y.T. Chen
- Veda N. Giri, Laura Gross, Colette Hyatt, Sarah E. Hegarty, William K. Kelly, Adam P. Dicker, Stephanie Winheld, Edouard J. Trabulsi, Costas D. Lallas, and Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University; Elias Obeid, Lisa Bealin, Susan Montgomery, Andrea Forman, Ruth Bingler, David Y.T. Chen, and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; and Brian A. Allen, Myriad Genetics, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Costas D. Lallas
- Veda N. Giri, Laura Gross, Colette Hyatt, Sarah E. Hegarty, William K. Kelly, Adam P. Dicker, Stephanie Winheld, Edouard J. Trabulsi, Costas D. Lallas, and Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University; Elias Obeid, Lisa Bealin, Susan Montgomery, Andrea Forman, Ruth Bingler, David Y.T. Chen, and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; and Brian A. Allen, Myriad Genetics, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Brian A. Allen
- Veda N. Giri, Laura Gross, Colette Hyatt, Sarah E. Hegarty, William K. Kelly, Adam P. Dicker, Stephanie Winheld, Edouard J. Trabulsi, Costas D. Lallas, and Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University; Elias Obeid, Lisa Bealin, Susan Montgomery, Andrea Forman, Ruth Bingler, David Y.T. Chen, and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; and Brian A. Allen, Myriad Genetics, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Mary B. Daly
- Veda N. Giri, Laura Gross, Colette Hyatt, Sarah E. Hegarty, William K. Kelly, Adam P. Dicker, Stephanie Winheld, Edouard J. Trabulsi, Costas D. Lallas, and Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University; Elias Obeid, Lisa Bealin, Susan Montgomery, Andrea Forman, Ruth Bingler, David Y.T. Chen, and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; and Brian A. Allen, Myriad Genetics, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Leonard G. Gomella
- Veda N. Giri, Laura Gross, Colette Hyatt, Sarah E. Hegarty, William K. Kelly, Adam P. Dicker, Stephanie Winheld, Edouard J. Trabulsi, Costas D. Lallas, and Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University; Elias Obeid, Lisa Bealin, Susan Montgomery, Andrea Forman, Ruth Bingler, David Y.T. Chen, and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; and Brian A. Allen, Myriad Genetics, Salt Lake City, UT
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21
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Zhang J, Xiao L, Qin Z, Xu A, Zhao K, Liang C, Miao C, Zhu J, Chen W, Hua Y, Liu Y, Zhang C, Yu Y, Su S, Wang Z. Association between germline homeobox B13 (HOXB13) G84E allele and prostate cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:67101-67110. [PMID: 27626483 PMCID: PMC5341860 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline HOXB13 G84E mutation (rs138213197) has been described associated with prostate cancer (PCa) susceptibility but results of different studies are inconsistent. We conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the specific role of this mutation. Relevant available studies were identified by searching the databases Pubmed, Embase and Web of Science. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to measure the strength of the association. Subgroup analysis were performed to evaluate the specific role of rs138213197 in disease aggressiveness, diagnostic age and family history. Furthermore, trial sequential analysis (TSA) was conducted for the first time to estimate whether the evidence of the results is sufficient. Our results indicated that significant increased PCa susceptibility was associated with rs138213197 compared with non-carriers (OR = 3.38, 95% CI: 2.45-4.66). Besides, in subgroup analysis, HOXB13 G84E variant was obviously associated with early onset (OR = 2.90, 95% CI: 2.24-3.75), affected relatives (OR = 2.60, 95% CI 2.19-3.10) and highly aggressive disease (OR = 2.38, 95% CI 1.84-3.08). By TSA, the findings in the current study were based on sufficient evidence. Therefore, our results indicated that the G84E mutation in HOXB13 gene might increase susceptibility to PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Jiangsu Province of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aiming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenkui Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jundong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yibo Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yajie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shifeng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zengjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among men in the United States as well as most Western countries. A significant proportion of men report having a positive family history of prostate cancer in a first-degree relative (father, brother, son), which is important in that family history is one of the only established risk factors for the disease and plays a role in decision-making for prostate cancer screening. Familial aggregation of prostate cancer is considered a surrogate marker of genetic susceptibility to developing the disease, but shared environment cannot be excluded as an explanation for clustering of cases among family members. Prostate cancer is both a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease with inherited factors predicted to account for 40%-50% of cases, comprised of both rare highly to moderately penetrant gene variants, as well as common genetic variants of low penetrance. Most notably, HOXB13 and BRCA2 mutations have been consistently shown to increase prostate cancer risk, and are more commonly observed among patients diagnosed with early-onset disease. A recurrent mutation in HOXB13 has been shown to predispose to hereditary prostate cancer (HPC), and BRCA2 mutations to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have also identified approximately 100 loci that associate with modest (odds ratios <2.0) increases in prostate cancer risk, only some of which have been replicated in subsequent studies. Despite these efforts, genetic testing in prostate cancer lags behind other common tumors like breast and colorectal cancer. To date, National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines have highly selective criteria for BRCA1/2 testing for men with prostate cancer based on personal history and/or specific family cancer history. Tumor sequencing is also leading to the identification of germline mutations in prostate cancer patients, informing the scope of inheritance. Advances in genetic testing for inherited and familial prostate cancer (FPC) are needed to inform personalized cancer risk screening and treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veda N Giri
- Cancer Risk Assessment and Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, Division of Population Science, Department of Medical Oncology, Center of Excellence for Cancer Risk, Prevention, and Control Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Jennifer L Beebe-Dimmer
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine Department of Oncology, Detroit, MI
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Recurrent HOXB13 mutations in the Dutch population do not associate with increased breast cancer risk. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30026. [PMID: 27424772 PMCID: PMC4948019 DOI: 10.1038/srep30026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The HOXB13 p.G84E mutation has been firmly established as a prostate cancer susceptibility allele. Although HOXB13 also plays a role in breast tumor progression, the association of HOXB13 p.G84E with breast cancer risk is less evident. Therefore, we comprehensively interrogated the entire HOXB13 coding sequence for mutations in 1,250 non-BRCA1/2 familial breast cancer cases and 800 controls. We identified two predicted deleterious missense mutations, p.G84E and p.R217C, that were recurrent among breast cancer cases and further evaluated their association with breast cancer risk in a larger study. Taken together, 4,520 familial non-BRCA1/2 breast cancer cases and 3,127 controls were genotyped including the cases and controls of the whole gene screen. The concordance rate for the genotyping assays compared with Sanger sequencing was 100%. The prostate cancer risk allele p.G84E was identified in 18 (0.56%) of 3,187 cases and 16 (0.70%) of 2,300 controls (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.41–1.59, P = 0.54). Additionally, p.R217C was identified in 10 (0.31%) of 3,208 cases and 2 (0.087%) of 2,288 controls (OR = 3.57, 95% CI = 0.76–33.57, P = 0.14). These results imply that none of the recurrent HOXB13 mutations in the Dutch population are associated with breast cancer risk, although it may be worthwhile to evaluate p.R217C in a larger study.
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24
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Wu X, Gu J. Heritability of prostate cancer: a tale of rare variants and common single nucleotide polymorphisms. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:206. [PMID: 27294245 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.05.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jian Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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25
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26
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Beebe-Dimmer JL, Hathcock M, Yee C, Okoth LA, Ewing CM, Isaacs WB, Cooney KA, Thibodeau SN. The HOXB13 G84E Mutation Is Associated with an Increased Risk for Prostate Cancer and Other Malignancies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 24:1366-72. [PMID: 26108461 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A rare nonconservative substitution (G84E) in the HOXB13 gene has been shown to be associated with risk of prostate cancer. DNA samples from male patients included in the Mayo Clinic Biobank (MCB) were genotyped to determine the frequency of the G84E mutation and its association with various cancers. METHODS Subjects were genotyped using a custom TaqMan (Applied Biosystems) assay for G84E (rs138213197). In addition to donating a blood specimen, all MCB participants completed a baseline questionnaire to collect information on medical history and family history of cancer. RESULTS Forty-nine of 9,012 male patients were carriers of G84E (0.5%). Thirty-one percent (n = 2,595) of participants had been diagnosed with cancer, including 51.1% of G84E carriers compared with just 30.6% of noncarriers (P = 0.004). G84E was most frequently observed among men with prostate cancer compared with men without cancer (P < 0.0001). However, the mutation was also more commonly observed in men with bladder cancer (P = 0.06) and leukemia (P = 0.01). G84E carriers were more likely to have a positive family history of prostate cancer in a first-degree relative compared to noncarriers (36.2% vs. 16.0%, P = 0.0003). CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms the association between the HOXB13 G84E variant and prostate cancer and suggests a novel association between G84E and leukemia and a suggestive association with bladder cancer. Future investigation is warranted to confirm these associations in order to improve our understanding of the role of germline HOXB13 mutations in human cancer. IMPACT The associations between HOXB13 and prostate, leukemia, and bladder suggest that this gene is important in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Beebe-Dimmer
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan. Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan.
| | - Matthew Hathcock
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Cecilia Yee
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan. Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Linda A Okoth
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Urology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan. University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Charles M Ewing
- Department of Urology, Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - William B Isaacs
- Department of Urology, Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kathleen A Cooney
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Urology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan. University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Stephen N Thibodeau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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27
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Hoffmann TJ, Sakoda LC, Shen L, Jorgenson E, Habel LA, Liu J, Kvale MN, Asgari MM, Banda Y, Corley D, Kushi LH, Quesenberry CP, Schaefer C, Van Den Eeden SK, Risch N, Witte JS. Imputation of the rare HOXB13 G84E mutation and cancer risk in a large population-based cohort. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1004930. [PMID: 25629170 PMCID: PMC4309593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient approach to characterizing the disease burden of rare genetic variants is to impute them into large well-phenotyped cohorts with existing genome-wide genotype data using large sequenced referenced panels. The success of this approach hinges on the accuracy of rare variant imputation, which remains controversial. For example, a recent study suggested that one cannot adequately impute the HOXB13 G84E mutation associated with prostate cancer risk (carrier frequency of 0.0034 in European ancestry participants in the 1000 Genomes Project). We show that by utilizing the 1000 Genomes Project data plus an enriched reference panel of mutation carriers we were able to accurately impute the G84E mutation into a large cohort of 83,285 non-Hispanic White participants from the Kaiser Permanente Research Program on Genes, Environment and Health Genetic Epidemiology Research on Adult Health and Aging cohort. Imputation authenticity was confirmed via a novel classification and regression tree method, and then empirically validated analyzing a subset of these subjects plus an additional 1,789 men from Kaiser specifically genotyped for the G84E mutation (r2 = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.37−0.77). We then show the value of this approach by using the imputed data to investigate the impact of the G84E mutation on age-specific prostate cancer risk and on risk of fourteen other cancers in the cohort. The age-specific risk of prostate cancer among G84E mutation carriers was higher than among non-carriers. Risk estimates from Kaplan-Meier curves were 36.7% versus 13.6% by age 72, and 64.2% versus 24.2% by age 80, for G84E mutation carriers and non-carriers, respectively (p = 3.4×10−12). The G84E mutation was also associated with an increase in risk for the fourteen other most common cancers considered collectively (p = 5.8×10−4) and more so in cases diagnosed with multiple cancer types, both those including and not including prostate cancer, strongly suggesting pleiotropic effects. An efficient approach to characterizing the disease burden of rare genetic variants is to impute them into existing well-phenotyped cohorts with genome-wide data by using large sequenced reference panels; however, the efficacy of this approach remains controversial. A recent study suggested that it is not possible to impute the rare HOXB13 G84E variant using neighboring SNP markers. We show that by using an enriched reference sequenced sample of 22 mutation carriers, we were able to impute this mutation into a large cohort of 83,285 non-Hispanic White individuals from the Kaiser Permanente Research Program on Genes, Environment, and Health Genetic Epidemiology Research on Adult Health and Aging (GERA) cohort. The imputation was confirmed via a novel classification and regression tree method, and then empirically validated by direct mutation genotyping of a subset of 1,673 of these individuals in addition to 1,789 other men from Kaiser. Using the same GERA cohort, we then confirmed that the G84E mutation is associated with increased risk of prostate cancer, and estimated the age-specific risk for carriers of the mutation. Finally, we obtained evidence that the mutation is associated with additional types of cancer in the GERA cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Hoffmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lori C. Sakoda
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Ling Shen
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Eric Jorgenson
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Laurel A. Habel
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mark N. Kvale
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Maryam M. Asgari
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Yambazi Banda
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Douglas Corley
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Lawrence H. Kushi
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Charles P. Quesenberry
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Catherine Schaefer
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Stephen K. Van Den Eeden
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Neil Risch
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - John S. Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Demichelis F, Stanford JL. Genetic predisposition to prostate cancer: Update and future perspectives. Urol Oncol 2014; 33:75-84. [PMID: 24996773 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2014.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prostate cancer is the second most frequent cancer in men worldwide and kills over 250,000 men worldwide every year. Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease at the clinical and the molecular level. The Scandinavian Twin Registry Study demonstrated that in contrast to most malignancies where environment was the overriding influence, heritable factors account for more than fifty percent of prostate cancers. METHODS AND MATERIALS We review the literature on prostate cancer risk variants (rare and common) including SNPs and Copy Number Variants (CNVs) and discuss the potential implications of significant variants for prostate cancer patient care. RESULTS The search for prostate cancer susceptibility genes has included both family-based studies and case-control studies utilizing a variety of approaches from array-based to sequencing-based studies. A major challenge is to identify genetic variants associated with more aggressive, potentially lethal prostate cancer and to understand their role in the progression of the disease. CONCLUSION Future risk models useful in the clinical setting will likely incorporate several risk loci rather than single variants and may be dependent on an individual patient's ethnic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Demichelis
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy; Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY.
| | - Janet L Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Hamid SM, Cicek S, Karamil S, Ozturk MB, Debelec-Butuner B, Erbaykent-Tepedelen B, Varisli L, Gonen-Korkmaz C, Yorukoglu K, Korkmaz KS. HOXB13 contributes to G1/S and G2/M checkpoint controls in prostate. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 383:38-47. [PMID: 24325868 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
HOXB13 is a homeobox protein that is expressed in normal adult prostate and colon tissues; however, its deregulated expression was evidenced in various malignancies. To characterize the putative role of HOXB13 in cell cycle progression, we performed overexpression and siRNA-mediated knockdown studies in PC-3 and LNCaP cells. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses were also performed using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues containing normal, H-PIN and PCa sections from 20 radical prostatectomy specimens. Furthermore, when the role of HOXB13 during cell cycle progression, association with cyclins, cell growth and colony formation using real-time cell proliferation were assessed, we observed that ectopic expression of HOXB13 accumulated cells at G1 through decreasing the cyclin D1 level by promoting its ubiquitination and degradation. This loss slowed S phase entry in both cell lines examined, with an associated decrease in pRb((S780) and (S795)) phosphorylations. Contrary, siRNA-mediated depletion of HOXB13 expression noticeably increased cyclin levels, stabilized E2F1 and CDC25C, subsequent to increased pRb phosphorylations. This increase in Cyclin B1 and CDC25C both together facilitated activation of cyclin B complex via dephosphorylating CDK1((T14Y15)), and resumed the G2/M transition after nocodazole synchronization. Despite an increase in the total expression level and cytoplasmic retention of HOXB13 in H-PIN and PCa samples that were observed via IHC evaluation of prostate tissues, HOXB13 depletion facilitated to an increase in PC-3 and LNCaP cell proliferation. Thus, we suggest that HOXB13 expression is required for cell cycle regulation, and increases by an unknown mechanism consequent to its functional loss in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Muhammad Hamid
- Department of Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory and Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Seher Cicek
- Department of Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory and Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Selda Karamil
- Department of Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory and Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mert Burak Ozturk
- Department of Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory and Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bilge Debelec-Butuner
- Department of Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory and Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Biotechnology, Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Burcu Erbaykent-Tepedelen
- Department of Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory and Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Lokman Varisli
- Department of Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory and Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Kutsal Yorukoglu
- Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Inciralti, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Kemal Sami Korkmaz
- Department of Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory and Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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Beebe-Dimmer JL, Isaacs WB, Zuhlke KA, Yee C, Walsh PC, Isaacs SD, Johnson AM, Ewing CE, Humphreys EB, Chowdhury WH, Montie JE, Cooney KA. Prevalence of the HOXB13 G84E prostate cancer risk allele in men treated with radical prostatectomy. BJU Int 2014; 113:830-5. [PMID: 24148311 DOI: 10.1111/bju.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and clinical correlates of the G84E mutation in the homeobox transcription factor, or HOXB13, gene using DNA samples from 9559 men with prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS DNA samples from men treated with radical prostatectomy at the University of Michigan and John Hopkins University were genotyped for G84E and this was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The frequency and distribution of this allele was determined according to specific patient characteristics (family history, age at diagnosis, pathological Gleason grade and stage). RESULTS Of 9559 patients, 128 (1.3%) were heterozygous carriers of G84E. Patients who possessed the variant were more likely to have a family history of prostate cancer than those who did not (46.0 vs 35.4%; P = 0.006). G84E carriers were also more likely to be diagnosed at a younger age than non-carriers (55.2 years vs 58.1 years; P < 0.001). No difference in the proportion of patients diagnosed with high grade or advanced stage tumours according to carrier status was observed. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, carriers of the rare G84E variant in HOXB13 were both younger at the time of diagnosis and more likely to have a family history of prostate cancer compared with homozygotes for the wild-type allele. No significant differences in allele frequency were detected according to selected clinical characteristics of prostate cancer. Further investigation is required to evaluate the role of HOXB13 in prostate carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Beebe-Dimmer
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Population Studies and Disparities Research Program, Detroit, MI, USA
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Saunders EJ, Dadaev T, Leongamornlert DA, Jugurnauth-Little S, Tymrakiewicz M, Wiklund F, Al Olama AA, Benlloch S, Neal DE, Hamdy FC, Donovan JL, Giles GG, Severi G, Gronberg H, Aly M, Haiman CA, Schumacher F, Henderson BE, Lindstrom S, Kraft P, Hunter DJ, Gapstur S, Chanock S, Berndt SI, Albanes D, Andriole G, Schleutker J, Weischer M, Nordestgaard BG, Canzian F, Campa D, Riboli E, Key TJ, Travis RC, Ingles SA, John EM, Hayes RB, Pharoah P, Khaw KT, Stanford JL, Ostrander EA, Signorello LB, Thibodeau SN, Schaid D, Maier C, Kibel AS, Cybulski C, Cannon-Albright L, Brenner H, Park JY, Kaneva R, Batra J, Clements JA, Teixeira MR, Xu J, Mikropoulos C, Goh C, Govindasami K, Guy M, Wilkinson RA, Sawyer EJ, Morgan A, Easton DF, Muir K, Eeles RA, Kote-Jarai Z. Fine-mapping the HOXB region detects common variants tagging a rare coding allele: evidence for synthetic association in prostate cancer. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004129. [PMID: 24550738 PMCID: PMC3923678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The HOXB13 gene has been implicated in prostate cancer (PrCa) susceptibility. We performed a high resolution fine-mapping analysis to comprehensively evaluate the association between common genetic variation across the HOXB genetic locus at 17q21 and PrCa risk. This involved genotyping 700 SNPs using a custom Illumina iSelect array (iCOGS) followed by imputation of 3195 SNPs in 20,440 PrCa cases and 21,469 controls in The PRACTICAL consortium. We identified a cluster of highly correlated common variants situated within or closely upstream of HOXB13 that were significantly associated with PrCa risk, described by rs117576373 (OR 1.30, P = 2.62×10(-14)). Additional genotyping, conditional regression and haplotype analyses indicated that the newly identified common variants tag a rare, partially correlated coding variant in the HOXB13 gene (G84E, rs138213197), which has been identified recently as a moderate penetrance PrCa susceptibility allele. The potential for GWAS associations detected through common SNPs to be driven by rare causal variants with higher relative risks has long been proposed; however, to our knowledge this is the first experimental evidence for this phenomenon of synthetic association contributing to cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tokhir Dadaev
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ali Amin Al Olama
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Benlloch
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David E. Neal
- Surgical Oncology (Uro-Oncology: S4), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Freddie C. Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, and Faculty of Medical Science, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny L. Donovan
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia and Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia and Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Henrik Gronberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Aly
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Brian E. Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Sara Lindstrom
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David J. Hunter
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Susan Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Stephen Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sonja I. Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, EPS-3044, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gerald Andriole
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Department of Medic Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Turku and Institute of Biomedical Technology and BioMediTech, University of Tampere and FimLab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Maren Weischer
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Børge G. Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniele Campa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tim J. Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth C. Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sue A. Ingles
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Esther M. John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, United States of America, and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Richard B. Hayes
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Medical Center, NYU Cancer Institute, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Paul Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Janet L. Stanford
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington and Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Elaine A. Ostrander
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lisa B. Signorello
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland, and Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | | | - Daniel Schaid
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Christiane Maier
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Ulm and Institute of Human Genetics University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Adam S. Kibel
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Lisa Cannon-Albright
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine and George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jong Y. Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Radka Kaneva
- Molecular Medicine Center and Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Judith A. Clements
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Manuel R. Teixeira
- Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), Porto University, Porto, and Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - Chee Goh
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michelle Guy
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Emma J. Sawyer
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Morgan
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Douglas F. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ken Muir
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Mikropoulos C, Goh C, Leongamornlert D, Kote-Jarai Z, Eeles R. Translating genetic risk factors for prostate cancer to the clinic: 2013 and beyond. Future Oncol 2014; 10:1679-94. [PMID: 25145435 DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PrCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in the male UK population, with over 40,000 new cases per year. PrCa has a complex, polygenic predisposition, due to rare variants such as BRCA and common variants such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). With the introduction of genome-wide association studies, 78 susceptibility loci (SNPs) associated with PrCa risk have been identified. Genetic profiling could risk-stratify a population, leading to the discovery of a higher proportion of clinically significant disease and a reduction in the morbidity related to age-based prostate-specific antigen screening. Based on the combined risk of the 78 SNPs identified so far, the top 1% of the risk distribution has a 4.7-times higher risk of developing PrCa compared with the average of the general population.
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Germline genetic variants associated with prostate cancer and potential relevance to clinical practice. Recent Results Cancer Res 2014; 202:9-26. [PMID: 24531773 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-45195-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The inherited link of prostate cancer predisposition has been supported using data from early epidemiological studies, as well as from familial and twin studies. Early linkage analyses and candidate gene approaches to identify these variants yielded mixed results. Since then, multiple genetic variants associated with prostate cancer susceptibility have now been found from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Their clinical utility, however, remains unknown. It is recognised that collaborative efforts are needed to ensure adequate sample sizes are available to definitively investigate the genetic-clinical interactions. These could have important implications for public health as well as individualised prostate cancer management strategies. With the costs of genotyping decreasing and direct-to-consumer testing already offered for these common variants, it is envisaged that a lot of attention will be focussed in this area. These results will enable more refined risk stratification which will be important for targeting screening and prevention to higher risk groups. Ascertaining their clinical role remains an important goal for the GWAS community with international consortia now established, pooling efforts and resources to move this field forward.
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Zhao L, Zhu S, Gao Y, Wang Y. Two-gene expression ratio as predictor for breast cancer treated with tamoxifen: evidence from meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:3113-7. [PMID: 24264313 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1403-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A HOXB13-to-IL17BR expression ratio was previously identified to predict a clinical outcome of breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant tamoxifen. A large number of studies were addressed to confirm its function as a predictor of breast cancer outcome treated with tamoxifen. However, conflicting results were got. In this study, a systematic search of databases was carried out, and other relevant papers were also identified. Then, the analyses were conducted according to the PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. After full review, 11 studies with a total of 2,958 participants were deemed eligible and were included in the study. Pooled results revealed that women with higher HOXB13-to-IL17BR expression ratio had significantly worse outcomes in breast patients treated with tamoxifen, especially for those who are negative of node.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- International Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
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35
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Sørensen KD. Research Highlights: New insights into prostate cancer susceptibility. Per Med 2013; 10:427-430. [DOI: 10.2217/pme.13.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karina D Sørensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, DK-8200, Aarhus, Denmark
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