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Saito T, Kanao K, Matsumoto K, Fukumoto K, Igarashi D, Takahashi T, Kaneko G, Shirotake S, Nishimoto K, Mizuno R, Ishida M, Hara S, Oya M, Oyama M. New risk stratification for adjuvant nivolumab for high-risk muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma. BJUI COMPASS 2024; 5:281-288. [PMID: 38371203 PMCID: PMC10869665 DOI: 10.1002/bco2.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives We aim to evaluate the risk of recurrence after neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy, particularly in ypT2 disease in patients with urothelial carcinoma, because it is not clear if all eligible patients with high-risk muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma should be treated with adjuvant nivolumab. Materials and Methods We analysed the radiological and clinicopathological features, including cT and ypT stages, of 197 patients who had undergone two to four cycles of cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical cystectomy without adjuvant chemotherapy. We stratified the risk of postoperative recurrence by these factors. Results The median observation period was 29.6 (interquartile range, 11.4-71.7) months, and disease recurrence was observed in 58 patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that ypT stage (P = 0.019) and lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.015) were independent risk factors for postoperative recurrence. The ypT2 group (n = 38) had significantly better recurrence-free survival than the ypT3 group (n = 41) (median recurrence-free survival: not reached vs. 13.4 months, respectively, P = 0.005). In ypT2 disease, the cT2 and ypT2 group (n = 15), which was diagnosed as cT2 preoperatively and then diagnosed as ypT2 postoperatively, had significantly better recurrence-free survival than the cT3/4 and ypT2 group (n = 23) (median recurrence-free survival: not reached vs. 63.1 months, respectively, P = 0.034). There was no significant difference in recurrence-free survival between the ypT ≤ 1 (n = 106) and the cT2 and ypT2 groups (median recurrence-free survival: not reached in both, P = 0.962). Conclusion Patients with cT2 and ypT2 stage have a relatively low risk of recurrence and thus have a lower need for adjuvant nivolumab, particularly those with ypT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Saito
- Department of Uro‐OncologySaitama Medical University International Medicine CenterSaitamaJapan
- Department of UrologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of UrologySaiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Kent Kanao
- Department of Uro‐OncologySaitama Medical University International Medicine CenterSaitamaJapan
| | | | | | - Daisuke Igarashi
- Department of Uro‐OncologySaitama Medical University International Medicine CenterSaitamaJapan
| | - Takayuki Takahashi
- Department of Uro‐OncologySaitama Medical University International Medicine CenterSaitamaJapan
| | - Go Kaneko
- Department of Uro‐OncologySaitama Medical University International Medicine CenterSaitamaJapan
| | - Suguru Shirotake
- Department of Uro‐OncologySaitama Medical University International Medicine CenterSaitamaJapan
| | - Koshiro Nishimoto
- Department of Uro‐OncologySaitama Medical University International Medicine CenterSaitamaJapan
| | - Ryuichi Mizuno
- Department of UrologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Masaru Ishida
- Department of UrologySaiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Satoshi Hara
- Department of UrologyKawasaki Municipal HospitalKawasakiJapan
| | - Mototsugu Oya
- Department of UrologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Masafumi Oyama
- Department of Uro‐OncologySaitama Medical University International Medicine CenterSaitamaJapan
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Holmsten K, Eknert J, Öfverholm E, Papantoniou D, Jawdat F, Verbiéné I, Laurell A, Jänes E, Sandzén J, Wojtyna-Dziedzic E, Lagstam I, Söderkvist K, Costa Svedman F, Liedberg F, Bruzelius M, Fransson AS, Kjellström S, Omland LH, Pappot H, Ullén A. Treatment Patterns and Efficacy of Chemotherapy After Pembrolizumab in Advanced Urothelial Cancer-a Real-World Study in the pre-Antibody-Drug Conjugate Era. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2023; 21:e438-e448. [PMID: 37308329 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been established as a routine treatment in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC). However, there has been no standard of care after progression on ICIs. We investigated real-world treatment patterns and efficacy of chemotherapy (CHT) after pembrolizumab, in the era before introduction of maintenance avelumab and antibody-drug conjugates (ADC). PATIENTS AND METHODS An observational, retrospective study was conducted at twelve Nordic centers. Patients with mUC were treated according to investigator´s choice of CHT after pembrolizumab. Primary endpoint was overall response (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR); secondary endpoints were progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS In total, 102 patients were included whereof 23 patients received CHT after pembrolizumab as second line treatment (subcohort A) and 79 patients in third line (subcohort B). Platinum-gemcitabine combinations were the most common regimens in subcohort A, and vinflunine in subcohort B. The ORR and DCR were 36% and 47%, respectively. Presence of liver metastases was independently associated with lower ORR and DCR. The PFS and OS were 3.3 months and 7.7 months, respectively. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) and number of previous cycles of pembrolizumab were found to be independent prognostic factors associated with OS. CONCLUSION In a real-world setting, CHT showed clinically meaningful response rates and survival in mUC patients after progression with pembrolizumab. Clinical benefit may primarily be achieved in patients with favorable ECOG PS, in patients treated with > 6 cycles pembrolizumab as well as in patients without presence of liver metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Holmsten
- Department of Oncology, S:t Görans Hospital, and Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Johanna Eknert
- Department of Pelvic Cancer, Genitourinary Oncology and Urology Unit, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, and Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | - Faith Jawdat
- Department of Pelvic Cancer, Genitourinary Oncology and Urology Unit, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, and Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrida Verbiéné
- Department of Oncology, Akademiska University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Laurell
- Department of Oncology, Akademiska University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elin Jänes
- Department of Oncology, Sundsvall Härnösand County Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Johan Sandzén
- Department of Oncology, Karlstad County Hospital, Karlstad, Sweden
| | | | - Ida Lagstam
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Karin Söderkvist
- Department of Oncology, Norrland University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fernanda Costa Svedman
- Department of Pelvic Cancer, Genitourinary Oncology and Urology Unit, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, and Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Martin Bruzelius
- Department of Oncology, Västmanland County Hospital, Västerås, Sweden
| | | | - Sofia Kjellström
- Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Helle Pappot
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Ullén
- Department of Pelvic Cancer, Genitourinary Oncology and Urology Unit, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, and Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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Shibata Y, Kishida T, Kouro T, Wei F, Igarashi Y, Himuro H, Noguchi T, Koizumi M, Suzuki T, Osaka K, Saigusa Y, Sasada T. Immune mediators as predictive biomarkers for anti-PD-1 antibody therapy in urothelial carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1269935. [PMID: 38026978 PMCID: PMC10679331 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1269935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to identify immune mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, in the plasma for predicting treatment efficacy and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Methods: We enrolled 57 patients with aUC who were treated with the anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody pembrolizumab after the failure of platinum-based chemotherapy between February 2018 and December 2020. Plasma levels of 73 soluble immune mediators were measured before and 6 weeks after initiating pembrolizumab therapy. The association of estimated soluble immune mediators with clinical outcomes, including overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), anti-tumor responses, and irAEs, were statistically evaluated. Results: In the multivariate analysis, levels of 18 factors at baseline and 12 factors during treatment were significantly associated with OS. Regarding PFS, baseline levels of 17 factors were significantly associated with PFS. Higher levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNF-R1), and IL-12 (p40), both at baseline and post-treatment, were significantly associated with worse OS. Conversely, low IL-6 and high TWEAK levels at baseline were associated with irAEs. Among identified factors, interferon (IFN) γ and IL-12 (p40) were repeatedly identified; high baseline levels of these factors were risk factors for worse OS and PFS, as well as progressive disease. Notably, using correlation and principal component analysis, factors significantly associated with clinical outcomes were broadly classified into three groups exhibiting similar expression patterns. Discussion: Measuring plasma levels of soluble immune mediators, such as IL-6, IL-8, sTNF-R1, IFNγ, and IL-12 (p40), could be recommended for predicting prognosis and irAEs in ICI-treated patients with aUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Shibata
- Department of Urology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kishida
- Department of Urology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Taku Kouro
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Cancer Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Feifei Wei
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Cancer Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuka Igarashi
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Cancer Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hidetomo Himuro
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Cancer Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takeaki Noguchi
- Department of Urology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuyuki Koizumi
- Department of Urology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahisa Suzuki
- Department of Urology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kimito Osaka
- Department of Urology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Saigusa
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Sasada
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Cancer Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Retz M, Kirchhoff FP, von Amsberg G, De Santis M, Krege S, Gschwend JE, Niegisch G. [Sequential therapy of advanced bladder cancer after prior perioperative systemic treatment : Recommendations from the Interdisciplinary Bladder Carcinoma Working Group (IABC) of the DKG e. V.]. UROLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 62:1064-1069. [PMID: 37264284 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-023-02098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Guidelines can only give treatment recommendations for defined patient groups if high quality and meaningful evidence is available. However, patients included in clinical trials for the treatment of metastatic and/or locally advanced bladder cancer (mUC) are generally not representative for the spectrum of patients encountered in daily clinical practice. In particular, patients with different systemic pretreatments, variable prestudy responses or variable time to tumor progression are not sufficiently considered in trials and guideline recommendations. Accordingly, recommendations for the treatment of mUC patients with previous perioperative systemic therapy are lacking. To provide some guidance for daily uro-oncological practice despite the limited evidence, we sought to develop expert opinion-based treatment recommendations. These recommendations focus on palliative first-line therapy of mUC. Both perioperative pretreatment with classical cisplatin-based systemic therapy and/or immunotherapy, as well as the time to tumor recurrence have been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margitta Retz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, München, Deutschland
- Interdisziplinäre Arbeitsgruppe BlasenCarcinom (IABC), Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft e. V. (DKG), Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Florian P Kirchhoff
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, München, Deutschland.
- Interdisziplinäre Arbeitsgruppe BlasenCarcinom (IABC), Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft e. V. (DKG), Berlin, Deutschland.
| | - Gunhild von Amsberg
- Interdisziplinäre Arbeitsgruppe BlasenCarcinom (IABC), Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft e. V. (DKG), Berlin, Deutschland
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Onkologisches Zentrum und Martini-Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - Maria De Santis
- Interdisziplinäre Arbeitsgruppe BlasenCarcinom (IABC), Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft e. V. (DKG), Berlin, Deutschland
- Klinik für Urologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Deutschland
- Klinik für Urologie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Deutschland
| | - Susanne Krege
- Interdisziplinäre Arbeitsgruppe BlasenCarcinom (IABC), Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft e. V. (DKG), Berlin, Deutschland
- Klinik für Urologie, Pädiatrische Urologie und Uro-Onkologie, Kliniken Essen Mitte, Essen, Deutschland
| | - Jürgen E Gschwend
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, München, Deutschland
- Interdisziplinäre Arbeitsgruppe BlasenCarcinom (IABC), Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft e. V. (DKG), Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Günter Niegisch
- Interdisziplinäre Arbeitsgruppe BlasenCarcinom (IABC), Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft e. V. (DKG), Berlin, Deutschland
- Medizinische Fakultät, Klinik für Urologie, Bereich konservative urologische Onkologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
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5
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Mansinho A, Cruz A, Marconi L, Pinto C, Augusto I. Avelumab as First-Line Maintenance Treatment in Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma. Adv Ther 2023; 40:4134-4150. [PMID: 37608243 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-023-02624-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
This work provides a summary of guideline recommendations and an expert position on the use of maintenance avelumab therapy based on a review of current international clinical practice guidelines for locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC). A PubMed literature search was conducted in March 2022 (updated in July 2023) to identify guidelines for locally advanced or metastatic UC. An expert panel (four oncologists and one urologist) reviewed the guidelines and clinical evidence, and discussed practical questions regarding the use of avelumab maintenance therapy in this clinical setting. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network, European Association of Urology and European Society for Medical Oncology guidelines recommend first-line cisplatin-containing chemotherapy for cisplatin-eligible patients, carboplatin-gemcitabine for cisplatin-ineligible patients who are fit for carboplatin, or immunotherapy with programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibitors (e.g. atezolizumab) in platinum-ineligible patients. Maintenance avelumab is recommended in patients with response/stable disease following chemotherapy (regardless of PD-L1 status). In patients who relapse after/during chemotherapy, options include immunotherapy, erdafitinib [in those with fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) mutations], enfortumab vedotin or further chemotherapy. The expert panel provided the following practical guidance: (1) consider maintenance avelumab in all eligible patients; (2) continue avelumab until disease progression/unacceptable toxicity; (3) ideally, administer six cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy prior to maintenance avelumab; (4) perform radiological evaluation after four chemotherapy cycles and prior to maintenance avelumab; (5) carboplatin-gemcitabine followed by maintenance avelumab is preferred in cisplatin-ineligible patients (regardless of PD-L1 expression), but consider first-line immunotherapy in PD-L1-positive patients and platinum-ineligible patients (regardless of PD-L1 status); and (6) for patients who relapse on avelumab, second-line options include enfortumab vedotin, FGFR inhibitors (in those with FGFR mutations) or clinical trial inclusion. In conclusion, avelumab maintenance therapy is recommended following platinum-based chemotherapy in all eligible patients with locally advanced or metastatic UC, continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Mansinho
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-035, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular-João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-035, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Andreia Cruz
- Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lorenzo Marconi
- Centro Hospitalar Universitario de Coimbra, Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cidália Pinto
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve- Hospital de Faro, Rua Leão Penedo, 8000-386, Faro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Augusto
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-100, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-100, Porto, Portugal
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6
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Kearney M, Zhang L, Hubscher E, Musat M, Harricharan S, Wilke T. Undertreatment in patients with advanced urothelial cancer: systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Future Oncol 2023; 20:1123-1137. [PMID: 37526215 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2023-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To assess rates of no systemic treatment (NST), attrition across lines of therapy, and factors influencing treatment selection in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer (la/mUC). Methods: Systematic literature review to identify real-world studies reporting NST or attrition rates in la/mUC from 2017-2022 (including data reported since 2015). Results: Of 2439 publications screened, 29 reported NST rates, ranging from 40-74% in eight European-based studies, 14-60% in 12 US-based studies, and 9-63% in nine studies in other locations (meta-analysis estimate, 39%). Factors associated with NST or no second-line therapy included older age, female sex, poor performance status, poor renal function and distant metastases. Conclusion: A substantial proportion of patients with la/mUC do not receive guideline-recommended treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Wilke
- Cytel, Waltham, MA, USA
- IPAM e.V., University of Wismar, Wismar, Germany
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7
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Tian BW, Han CL, Wang HC, Yan LJ, Ding ZN, Liu H, Mao XC, Tian JC, Xue JS, Yang LS, Tan SY, Dong ZR, Yan YC, Wang DX, Li T. Effect of liver metastasis on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2023; 40:255-287. [PMID: 37308706 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-023-10217-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Liver metastasis is a frequent phenomenon in advanced tumor disease. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a new class of therapeutics that can improve the prognosis of cancer patients. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the relationship between liver metastasis and survival outcomes of patients receiving ICIs treatment. We searched four main databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were the survival outcomes of our concern. Hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to evaluate the relationship between liver metastasis and OS/ PFS. Finally, 163 articles were included in the study. The pooled results showed that patients with liver metastasis receiving ICIs treatment had worse OS (HR=1.82, 95%CI:1.59-2.08) and PFS (HR=1.68, 95%CI:1.49-1.89) than patients without liver metastasis. The effect of liver metastasis on ICIs efficacy differed in different tumor types, and patients with urinary system tumors (renal cell carcinoma OS: HR=2.47, 95%CI:1.76-3.45; urothelial carcinoma OS: HR=2.37, 95%CI:2.03-2.76) had the worst prognosis, followed by patients with melanoma (OS: HR=2.04, 95%CI:1.68-2.49) or non-small cell lung cancer (OS: HR=1.81, 95%CI:1.72-1.91). ICIs efficacy in digestive system tumors (colorectal cancer OS: HR=1.35, 95%CI:1.07-1.71; gastric cancer/ esophagogastric cancer OS: HR=1.17, 95%CI:0.90-1.52) was less affected, and peritoneal metastasis and the number of metastases have a greater clinical significance than liver metastasis based on univariate data. For cancer patients receiving ICIs treatment, the occurrence of liver metastasis is associated with poor prognosis. Different cancer types and metastatic sites may hold a different prognostic effect on the efficacy of ICIs treatment in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Wen Tian
- Department of general surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Long Han
- Department of general surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Chao Wang
- Institute for Financial Studies, Shandong Univeristy, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Lun-Jie Yan
- Department of general surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Niu Ding
- Department of general surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of general surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Cheng Mao
- Department of general surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Cheng Tian
- Department of general surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Shuai Xue
- Department of general surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Long-Shan Yang
- Department of general surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Yu Tan
- Department of general surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Ru Dong
- Department of general surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chuan Yan
- Department of general surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Xu Wang
- Department of general surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of general surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Pang K, Shi ZD, Wei LY, Dong Y, Ma YY, Wang W, Wang GY, Cao MY, Dong JJ, Chen YA, Zhang P, Hao L, Xu H, Pan D, Chen ZS, Han CH. Research progress of therapeutic effects and drug resistance of immunotherapy based on PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Drug Resist Updat 2023; 66:100907. [PMID: 36527888 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The binding of programmed death-1 (PD-1) on the surface of T cells and PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumor cells can prevent the immune-killing effect of T cells on tumor cells and promote the immune escape of tumor cells. Therefore, immune checkpoint blockade targeting PD-1/PD-L1 is a reliable tumor therapy with remarkable efficacy. However, the main challenges of this therapy are low response rate and acquired resistance, so that the outcomes of this therapy are usually unsatisfactory. This review begins with the description of biological structure of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint and its role in a variety of cells. Subsequently, the therapeutic effects of immune checkpoint blockers (PD-1 / PD-L1 inhibitors) in various tumors were introduced and analyzed, and the reasons affecting the function of PD-1/PD-L1 were systematically analyzed. Then, we focused on analyzing, sorting out and introducing the possible underlying mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade including abnormal expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and some factors, immune-related pathways, tumor immune microenvironment, and T cell dysfunction and others. Finally, promising therapeutic strategies to sensitize the resistant patients with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade treatment were described. This review is aimed at providing guidance for the treatment of various tumors, and highlighting the drug resistance mechanisms to offer directions for future tumor treatment and improvement of patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Pang
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, 199 Jiefang South Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen-Duo Shi
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, 199 Jiefang South Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Jiangsu, China; Department of Urology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Liu-Ya Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Yang Dong
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, 199 Jiefang South Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Yang Ma
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Building 1, Administration Building, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Medical College, Southeast University, 87 DingjiaQiao, Nanjing, China
| | - Guang-Yue Wang
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Building 1, Administration Building, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Ming-Yang Cao
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, 199 Jiefang South Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia-Jun Dong
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Ang Chen
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, 199 Jiefang South Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Building 1, Administration Building, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Lin Hao
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, 199 Jiefang South Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Building 1, Administration Building, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Deng Pan
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Building 1, Administration Building, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA.
| | - Cong-Hui Han
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, 199 Jiefang South Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Jiangsu, China; Department of Urology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Heilongjiang, China.
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9
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Liu L, Hou Y, Deng C, Tao Z, Chen Z, Hu J, Chen K. Single cell sequencing reveals that CD39 inhibition mediates changes to the tumor microenvironment. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6740. [PMID: 36347860 PMCID: PMC9643495 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34495-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell sequencing technologies have noteworthily improved our understanding of the genetic map and molecular characteristics of bladder cancer (BC). Here we identify CD39 as a potential therapeutic target for BC via single-cell transcriptome analysis. In a subcutaneous tumor model and orthotopic bladder cancer model, inhibition of CD39 (CD39i) by sodium polyoxotungstate is able to limit the growth of BC and improve the overall survival of tumor-bearing mice. Via single cell RNA sequencing, we find that CD39i increase the intratumor NK cells, conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1) and CD8 + T cells and decrease the Treg abundance. The antitumor effect and reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment are blockaded in both the NK cells depletion model and the cDC1-deficient Batf3-/- model. In addition, a significant synergistic effect is observed between CD39i and cisplatin, but the CD39i + anti-PD-L1 (or anti-PD1) strategy does not show any synergistic effects in the BC model. Our results confirm that CD39 is a potential target for the immune therapy of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilong Liu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaxin Hou
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Changqi Deng
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Tao
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Radiation Oncology and Cyberknife Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer institute & Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaohui Chen
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junyi Hu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Chen
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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10
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Fu J, Zhang W, Jiang T. Immunogenic cell death mediation patterns reveal novel paradigm for characterizing the immune microenvironment and immunotherapeutic responses in bladder cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:1035484. [PMID: 36386817 PMCID: PMC9640952 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1035484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Immunogenic cell death (ICD) plays an important role in several malignancies. However, the role of ICD-mediated patterns in bladder cancer (BCA) remains unknown. Methods: For assessing the ICD-mediated patterns based on the expression of IRGs, 4 large BCA cohorts were obtained. The ICD-mediated patterns of individual samples were quantified as an ICD score by principal component analysis. The correlations of the ICD-mediated patterns with the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and responses to immunotherapy were comprehensively evaluated. The IRGs with predictive prognostic values were further validated by in vitro loss of function assays. Results: Two distinct ICD-mediated patterns were established, showing distinct clinical features and immune microenvironment features. Although ICD cluster A was associated with a poor prognosis with a high ICD score, it showed an immune activation state with a more favorable response to immunotherapy and treatment that induced ICD. The ICD-related gene, CALR, was significantly upregulated in the T24 BCA cell line relative to the control SV-HUC-1 cells. Knocking down CALR suppressed T24 cell viability and caused ER stress. Conclusion: We identified the existence of distinct ICD-mediated patterns in BCA closely associated with the remodeling of the TIME. Further in-depth examination of ICD-related features is warranted to obtain a broader prospect for therapeutic innovations and improved prognosis of BCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialei Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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11
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Makrakis D, Talukder R, Lin GI, Diamantopoulos LN, Dawsey S, Gupta S, Carril-Ajuria L, Castellano D, de Kouchkovsky I, Koshkin VS, Park JJ, Alva A, Bilen MA, Stewart TF, McKay RR, Tripathi N, Agarwal N, Vather-Wu N, Zakharia Y, Morales-Barrera R, Devitt ME, Cortellini A, Fulgenzi CAM, Pinato DJ, Nelson A, Hoimes CJ, Gupta K, Gartrell BA, Sankin A, Tripathi A, Zakopoulou R, Bamias A, Murgic J, Fröbe A, Rodriguez-Vida A, Drakaki A, Liu S, Lu E, Kumar V, Lorenzo GD, Joshi M, Isaacsson-Velho P, Buznego LA, Duran I, Moses M, Jang A, Barata P, Sonpavde G, Yu EY, Montgomery RB, Grivas P, Khaki AR. Association Between Sites of Metastasis and Outcomes With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2022; 20:e440-e452. [PMID: 35778337 PMCID: PMC10257151 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sites of metastasis have prognostic significance in advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC), but more information is needed regarding outcomes based on metastatic sites in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). We hypothesized that presence of liver/bone metastases would be associated with worse outcomes with ICI. METHODS We identified a retrospective cohort of patients with aUC across 26 institutions, collecting demographics, clinicopathological, treatment, and outcomes information. Outcomes were compared with logistic (observed response rate; ORR) and Cox (progression-free survival; PFS, overall survival; OS) regression between patients with/without metastasis beyond lymph nodes (LN) and those with/without bone/liver/lung metastasis. Analysis was stratified by 1st or 2nd+ line. RESULTS We identified 917 ICI-treated patients: in the 1st line, bone/liver metastases were associated with shorter PFS (Hazard ratio; HR: 1.65 and 2.54), OS (HR: 1.60 and 2.35, respectively) and lower ORR (OR: 0.48 and 0.31). In the 2nd+ line, bone/liver metastases were associated with shorter PFS (HR: 1.71 and 1.62), OS (HR: 1.76 and 1.56) and, for bone-only metastases, lower ORR (OR: 0.29). In the 1st line, LN-confined metastasis was associated with longer PFS (HR: 0.53), OS (HR:0.49) and higher ORR (OR: 2.97). In the 2nd+ line, LN-confined metastasis was associated with longer PFS (HR: 0.47), OS (HR: 0.54), and higher ORR (OR: 2.79); all associations were significant. CONCLUSION Bone and/or liver metastases were associated with worse, while LN-confined metastases were associated with better outcomes in patients with aUC receiving ICI. These findings in a large population treated outside clinical trials corroborate data from trial subset analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Makrakis
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Rafee Talukder
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | - Scott Dawsey
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Shilpa Gupta
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Lucia Carril-Ajuria
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Castellano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivan de Kouchkovsky
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Vadim S Koshkin
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Joseph J Park
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ajjai Alva
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Mehmet A Bilen
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Tyler F Stewart
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Rana R McKay
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Nishita Tripathi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Yousef Zakharia
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Rafael Morales-Barrera
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d' Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael E Devitt
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | | | | | - David J Pinato
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ariel Nelson
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Christopher J Hoimes
- Division of Medical Oncology, Seidman Cancer Center at Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH; Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Kavita Gupta
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Benjamin A Gartrell
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Alex Sankin
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Abhishek Tripathi
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Roubini Zakopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Aristotelis Bamias
- 2nd Propaedeutic Dept of Internal Medicine, ATTIKON University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Jure Murgic
- Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb
| | - Ana Fröbe
- Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb; School of Dental Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alejo Rodriguez-Vida
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandra Drakaki
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sandy Liu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Eric Lu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Monika Joshi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA
| | - Pedro Isaacsson-Velho
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; Division of Oncology, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Ignacio Duran
- Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla. IDIVAL. Santander, Spain
| | - Marcus Moses
- Deming Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Albert Jang
- Deming Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Pedro Barata
- Deming Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Guru Sonpavde
- Genitourinary Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Evan Y Yu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Robert Bruce Montgomery
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Petros Grivas
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA.
| | - Ali Raza Khaki
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA.
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12
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Response to Anti-PD1/L1 Antibodies in Advanced Urothelial Cancer in the 'Real-Life' Setting. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091154. [PMID: 36145376 PMCID: PMC9504505 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are now the standard of care for metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) patients. Our aim was to describe the activity of ICIs in mUC and find the clinical parameters associated with response. This is a retrospective, single-center chart review of mUC patients receiving ICIs. The overall survival (OS) was plotted using the Kaplan–Meier method and was compared using a log-rank test. Associations between the variables and responses were analyzed by univariate and multivariable analyses, using either logistic regression or a Chi-square/Fisher’s exact test. Ninety-four patients received ICIs, 85% of which were in the second line or beyond; the median age was 71.8 years, and 82% were men. Six (6.4%), 11 (11.7%), 7 (7.4%) and 70 (74.5%) patients achieved a complete response (CR), partial response (PR), mixed response/stable disease (M/SD) or progressive disease (PD), respectively. The median overall survival was 3.2 months for the entire cohort and was significantly different according to the response pattern—not reached, 32.3, 6.4 and 2.0 months for CR, PR, M/SD and PD, respectively. The response was not significantly associated with the line of treatment. ‘Site of metastasis’ was associated with the response, and the absolute neutrophil count was borderline associated with the response. In summary, we found a substantial variance in the potential benefit from ICIs in mUC, emphasizing the need for predictive biomarkers and frequent monitoring of mUC patients receiving ICIs.
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13
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Pan S, Li S, Zhan Y, Chen X, Sun M, Liu X, Wu B, Li Z, Liu B. Immune status for monitoring and treatment of bladder cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:963877. [PMID: 36159866 PMCID: PMC9492838 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.963877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The high recurrence rate of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (BC) and poor prognosis of advanced BC are therapeutic challenges that need to be solved. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) perfusion was the pioneer immunotherapy for early BC, and the discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors has created a new chapter in the treatment of advanced BC. The benefit of immunotherapy is highly anticipated, but its effectiveness still needs to be improved. In this review, we collated and analysed the currently available information and explored the mechaisms by which the internal immune imbalance of BC leads to tumour progression. The relationship between immunity and progression and the prognosis of BC has been explored through tests using body fluids such as blood and urine. These analytical tests have attempted to identify specific immuyne cells and cytokines to predict treatment outcomes and recurrence. The diversity and proportion of immune and matrix cells in BC determine the heterogeneity and immune status of tumours. The role and classification of immune cells have also been redefined, e.g., CD4 cells having recognised cytotoxicity in BC. Type 2 immunity, including that mediated by M2 macrophages, Th2 cells, and interleukin (IL)-13, plays an important role in the recurrence and progression of BC. Pathological fibrosis, activated by type 2 immunity and cancer cells, enhances the rate of cancer progression and irreversibility. Elucidating the immune status of BC and clarifying the mechanisms of action of different cells in the tumour microenvironment is the research direction to be explored in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Pan
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shijie Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunhong Zhan
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaonan Chen
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming Sun
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bitian Liu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Bitian Liu, ;
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14
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Qin Q, Jun T, Wang B, Patel VG, Mellgard G, Zhong X, Gogerly-Moragoda M, Parikh AB, Leiter A, Gallagher EJ, Alerasool P, Garcia P, Joshi H, Galsky M, Oh WK, Tsao CK. Clinical factors associated with outcome in solid tumor patients treated with immune-checkpoint inhibitors: a single institution retrospective analysis. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:73. [PMID: 35960456 PMCID: PMC9374856 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00538-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) remains limited to a subset of patients and predictive biomarkers of response remains an unmet need, limiting our ability to provide precision medicine. Using real-world data, we aimed to identify potential clinical prognosticators of ICI response in solid tumor patients. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of all solid tumor patients treated with ICIs at the Mount Sinai Hospital between January 2011 and April 2017. Predictors assessed included demographics, performance status, co-morbidities, family history of cancer, smoking status, cancer type, metastatic pattern, and type of ICI. Outcomes evaluated include progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR). Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to test the association of predictors with outcomes. RESULTS We identified 297 ICI-treated patients with diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (N = 81, 27.3%), melanoma (N = 73, 24.6%), hepatocellular carcinoma (N = 51, 17.2%), urothelial carcinoma (N = 51, 17.2%), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (N = 23, 7.7%), and renal cell carcinoma (N = 18, 6.1%). In multivariable analysis, good performance status of ECOG ≤ 2 (PFS, ORR, DCR and OS) and family history of cancer (ORR and DCR) associated with improved ICI response. Bone metastasis was associated with worse outcomes (PFS, ORR, and DCR). CONCLUSIONS Mechanisms underlying the clinical predictors of response observed in this real-world analysis, such as genetic variants and bone metastasis-tumor microenvironment, warrant further exploration in larger studies incorporating translational endpoints. Consistently positive clinical correlates may help inform patient stratification when considering ICI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qin
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Third Floor Admin Suite #108 (Hess Building), New York, NY, USA
| | - Tomi Jun
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Third Floor Admin Suite #108 (Hess Building), New York, NY, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Third Floor Admin Suite #108 (Hess Building), New York, NY, USA
| | - Vaibhav G Patel
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Third Floor Admin Suite #108 (Hess Building), New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Xiaobo Zhong
- Department of Population Health and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Anish B Parikh
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amanda Leiter
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily J Gallagher
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Third Floor Admin Suite #108 (Hess Building), New York, NY, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Parissa Alerasool
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Third Floor Admin Suite #108 (Hess Building), New York, NY, USA
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Philip Garcia
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Third Floor Admin Suite #108 (Hess Building), New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Matthew Galsky
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Third Floor Admin Suite #108 (Hess Building), New York, NY, USA
| | - William K Oh
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Third Floor Admin Suite #108 (Hess Building), New York, NY, USA
| | - Che-Kai Tsao
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Third Floor Admin Suite #108 (Hess Building), New York, NY, USA.
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15
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Cheng X, Wang Y, Li Y, Liu W. Quantification of ferroptosis pattern in bladder carcinoma and its significance on immunotherapy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9066. [PMID: 35641509 PMCID: PMC9156752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12712-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of ferroptosis in tumor development and therapy has been previously proved. Nonetheless, its potential role in tumor microenvironment (TME) and immunotherapy for bladder carcinoma remains unclear. Based on 38 ferroptosis-related genes, the characteristic of ferroptosis patterns and interactions with immune cell-infiltrating features in 2043 bladder cancer samples were systematically investigated. We further proposed the FerrScore to quantify the ferroptosis patterns for each patient. As results, three diverse ferroptosis patterns with distinct tumor-infiltrating immune cell features were established. By determination of ferroptosis patterns of each patient, we found that high FerrScore was related to lower proportion of luminal-papillary molecular subtype, more frequent TP53 mutations, activation of immunity and stroma, and lower 5-year survival. High FerrScore also seemed to be associated with decreased neoantigen load, tumor mutational burden and poorer response to anti-PD-L1/1 therapy. External verification in two immunotherapy cohorts showed FerrScore was an independent and effective prognostic factor for therapeutic effect and survival outcome. Overall, the present study indicated the ferroptosis strongly is closely correlated with TME diversity. Evaluation of the ferroptosis patterns may strengthen the cognition of TME immune cell infiltrations and guide more individualized immunotherapeutic strategies in bladder carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cheng
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Renmin Middle Road 139, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yinhuai Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Renmin Middle Road 139, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yijian Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Renmin Middle Road 139, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Renmin Middle Road 139, Changsha, 410011, China.
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16
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Deng H, Tang F, Zhou M, Shan D, Chen X, Cao K. Identification and Validation of N6-Methyladenosine-Related Biomarkers for Bladder Cancer: Implications for Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:820242. [PMID: 35311150 PMCID: PMC8924666 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.820242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has emerged as one of the most important modifications of RNA. Based on the expression of 23 different modes of m6A regulatory factors, we identified three different m6A modification patterns in bladder cancer. The effects of the three different modes of m6A modification on clinicopathological characteristics, immune cell infiltration levels and expression levels of immune checkpoint genes were comprehensively analyzed. In addition, the effects of different modes of m6A modification on the therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy (atezolizumab) are also discussed. Our results confirm that m6A methylation plays an important role in immune cell recruitment in the tumor microenvironment of bladder cancer, which influences the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 therapy for bladder cancer. We further confirmed the important role of FTO protein in the biological function of bladder cancer cells by performing in vitro experiments. FTO functions as an oncogene in bladder cancer cells, and upon FTO knockdown, the level of m6A enzyme activity in bladder cancer cells was significantly increased, apoptosis was increased, and cell proliferation and cell invasion were reduced. In addition, our study also confirmed that K216H and K216E are probably important targets for regulating FTO. We provide new insights into the regulatory pathways of the immune microenvironment and the methylation function of m6A in bladder cancer, which will help in designing novel diagnostic methods, prognostic tools, and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Faqing Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dongyong Shan
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Cao
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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17
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Kita Y, Ito K, Sano T, Hashimoto K, Mochizuki T, Shiraishi Y, Araki H, Fujiwara M, Kanamaru S, Takahashi T, Hishiki K, Okada T, Ogawa K, Ito M, Kojima T, Nishiyama N, Matsui Y, Nishiyama H, Kitamura H, Kobayashi T. Clinical practice pattern in patients with advanced urothelial cancer who had progressed on pembrolizumab in the pre-enfortumab vedotin era. Int J Urol 2022; 29:647-655. [PMID: 35304776 DOI: 10.1111/iju.14861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pembrolizumab, an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, revolutionized the treatment for advanced urothelial carcinoma. However, the standard treatment for patients after disease progression with pembrolizumab had not been established until the recent approval of enfortumab vedotin. We analyzed the treatment of these patients in the real world, and the patient background and outcomes. METHODS We extracted data from 543 patients who experienced progressive disease after pembrolizumab initiation from a Japanese nation-wide cohort of platinum-refractory, metastatic urothelial carcinoma. RESULTS The median overall survival of the 543 patients was 3.5 months (95% confidence interval 3.0-4.1). Of these, only 20.6% (n = 112) received chemotherapy as a subsequent systemic treatment after progressive disease. The regimen of chemotherapy was very diverse. The median overall survival was 11.9 months (95% confidence interval 9.2-14.7) for patients who received chemotherapy, compared to 2.4 months for those who did not receive chemotherapy (95% confidence interval 2.1-2.9; P < 0.0001). Patients who received subsequent chemotherapy were more likely to have better performance status, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio <3, hemoglobin >11 mg/dL, and history of a single chemotherapeutic regimen at pembrolizumab initiation. CONCLUSIONS This report highlights the real-world practice of the management after pembrolizumab treatment failure in the pre-enfortumab vedotin era, characterized by infrequent use of subsequent anticancer therapy comprising various regimens, reflecting the lack of a standard treatment. Clinical introduction of enfortumab vedotin is expected to improve treatment outcomes in this setting. The present study will provide important baseline data for evaluating the influence of enfortumab vedotin on clinical practices and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kita
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Ito
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Sano
- Department of Urology, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kohei Hashimoto
- Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Yusuke Shiraishi
- Department of Urology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Araki
- Department of Urology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Sojun Kanamaru
- Department of Urology, Kobe City Nishi-kobe Medical Center, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Kosuke Hishiki
- Department of Urology, Shimada General Medical Center, Shimada, Japan
| | - Takuya Okada
- Department of Urology, Tazuke Kofukai, Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ogawa
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ito
- Department of Urology, Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kojima
- Department of Urology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiyuki Matsui
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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18
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Powles T, Bellmunt J, Comperat E, De Santis M, Huddart R, Loriot Y, Necchi A, Valderrama BP, Ravaud A, Shariat SF, Szabados B, van der Heijden MS, Gillessen S. Bladder cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2022; 33:244-258. [PMID: 34861372 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Powles
- Barts Cancer Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - J Bellmunt
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre-IMIM Lab, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - E Comperat
- L'Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - M De Santis
- Department of Urology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - R Huddart
- Royal Marsden Hospital, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Y Loriot
- Département de Médecine Oncologique, Université Paris-Saclay and Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - A Necchi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - A Ravaud
- Hôpital Saint-André CHU, Bordeaux, France; Department of Medical Oncology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - S F Shariat
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - B Szabados
- Barts Cancer Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Department of Urology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - M S van der Heijden
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S Gillessen
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
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19
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van Dijk N, Gil-Jimenez A, Silina K, van Montfoort ML, Einerhand S, Jonkman L, Voskuilen CS, Peters D, Sanders J, Lubeck Y, Broeks A, Hooijberg E, Vis DJ, van den Broek M, Wessels LFA, van Rhijn BWG, van der Heijden MS. The Tumor Immune Landscape and Architecture of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Urothelial Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 12:793964. [PMID: 34987518 PMCID: PMC8721669 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.793964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Candidate immune biomarkers have been proposed for predicting response to immunotherapy in urothelial cancer (UC). Yet, these biomarkers are imperfect and lack predictive power. A comprehensive overview of the tumor immune contexture, including Tertiary Lymphoid structures (TLS), is needed to better understand the immunotherapy response in UC. We analyzed tumor sections by quantitative multiplex immunofluorescence to characterize immune cell subsets in various tumor compartments in tumors without pretreatment and tumors exposed to preoperative anti-PD1/CTLA-4 checkpoint inhibitors (NABUCCO trial). Pronounced immune cell presence was found in UC invasive margins compared to tumor and stroma regions. CD8+PD1+ T-cells were present in UC, particularly following immunotherapy. The cellular composition of TLS was assessed by multiplex immunofluorescence (CD3, CD8, FoxP3, CD68, CD20, PanCK, DAPI) to explore specific TLS clusters based on varying immune subset densities. Using a k-means clustering algorithm, we found five distinct cellular composition clusters. Tumors unresponsive to anti-PD-1/CTLA-4 immunotherapy showed enrichment of a FoxP3+ T-cell-low TLS cluster after treatment. Additionally, cluster 5 (macrophage low) TLS were significantly higher after pre-operative immunotherapy, compared to untreated tumors. We also compared the immune cell composition and maturation stages between superficial (submucosal) and deeper TLS, revealing that superficial TLS had more pronounced T-helper cells and enrichment of early TLS than TLS located in deeper tissue. Furthermore, superficial TLS displayed a lower fraction of secondary follicle like TLS than deeper TLS. Taken together, our results provide a detailed quantitative overview of the tumor immune landscape in UC, which can provide a basis for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick van Dijk
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alberto Gil-Jimenez
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Karina Silina
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Sarah Einerhand
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lars Jonkman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Charlotte S Voskuilen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dennis Peters
- Core Facility Molecular Pathology & Biobanking, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joyce Sanders
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yoni Lubeck
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Core Facility Molecular Pathology & Biobanking, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Erik Hooijberg
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daniel J Vis
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Lodewyk F A Wessels
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Bas W G van Rhijn
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Urology, Caritas St. Josef Medical Center, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michiel S van der Heijden
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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20
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Cui J, Zhu Y, Liu X, Wang W, Jiang X, Xia Y, Zhou G, Chen S, Shi B. Comprehensive analysis of N 6-methyladenosine regulators with the tumor immune landscape and correlation between the insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3 and programmed death ligand 1 in bladder cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:72. [PMID: 35148766 PMCID: PMC8840771 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02456-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most abundant post-transcriptional modifications of RNA. However, there is limited information about the potential roles of m6A regulators in tumor immunity. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to testify the functions of m6A regulators in bladder cancer as well as their association with the tumor immune landscape. Methods We reported the variation and expression levels of m6A regulators in the TCGA database and GTEx database of bladder cancer. Clusters, risk score patterns, and nomograms were constructed to evaluate the function and prognostic value of m6A regulators. Furthermore, we constructed nomogram to evaluate the prognosis of the individual patients. The correlation between insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Results We found that the tumor grade and DNA damage pathways were strongly correlated with distinct clusters. Furthermore, two risk score groups with six m6A regulators were identified using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariable Cox regression analysis, which could be regarded as independent prognostic markers in patients with bladder cancer. The risk score pattern was linked to the tumor immune landscape, indicating a correlation between immune checkpoints and m6A regulators. Moreover, an m6A regulator, IGF2BP3, was found to be highly expressed in the tumor samples, regulating both the total and membrane-bound PD-L1 expression levels. Conclusions The results of this study revealed that the m6A clusters and patterns play crucial roles in the regulation of tumor immunity, which may be used to develop comprehensive treatment strategies for the management of bladder cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-022-02456-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Cui
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yaofeng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Wenfu Wang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xuewen Jiang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yangyang Xia
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Guanwen Zhou
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shouzhen Chen
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Benkang Shi
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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21
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Bimbatti D, Maruzzo M, Pierantoni F, Diminutto A, Dionese M, Deppieri FM, Lai E, Zagonel V, Basso U. Immune checkpoint inhibitors rechallenge in urological tumors: An extensive review of the literature. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 170:103579. [PMID: 35007699 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have led to a significant change in the treatment of urological tumors where several agents are currently approved. Yet, most patients discontinue treatment due to disease progression or after the onset of severe immune-related adverse events (IRAEs). Following promising results in melanoma patients, retreatment with an ICI is receiving increasing attention as an attractive option for selected patients. We performed a literature review focusing on the feasibility, safety, timing and activity of ICI rechallenge in genitourinary cancers where very little information is available. We classified the different ICI retreatment strategies into three main clinical scenarios: retreatment after terminating a prior course of ICI while still on response; retreatment after interruption due to IRAEs; retreatment after progression while on ICI therapy. The pros and cons of these options in the field of urological tumors are then discussed, and critical suggestions proffered for the design of future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bimbatti
- Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy.
| | - Marco Maruzzo
- Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Pierantoni
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Alberto Diminutto
- Urology Clinic, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Dionese
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Filippo M Deppieri
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lai
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Vittorina Zagonel
- Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Umberto Basso
- Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
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22
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Stellato M, Santini D, Cursano MC, Foderaro S, Tonini G, Procopio G. Bone metastases from urothelial carcinoma. The dark side of the moon. J Bone Oncol 2021; 31:100405. [PMID: 34934613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2021.100405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastases are common in genitourinary cancers, but they are underreported and not well researched. Synchronous bone metastases occur in 1.39-5.5% of bladder cancer patients, while 30-40% of cases are metachronous. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play a key role in regulating proliferation, migration and invasion of tumor cells in bone microenvironment of bone metastases from metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). Bone metastases represent a poor prognostic factor due to high morbidity and mortality correlated to skeletal-related events (SREs). The incidence rate of SREs in bladder, renal pelvis, and ureteral cancer varies from 39 to 68%. Radiotherapy is the most frequent treatment for SREs. The early use of bone targeted therapies (BTT), zoledronic acid and denosumab, improves SREs incidence and morbidity and it seems to improve overall survival (OS). To date, several new agents (immunotherapy and targeted drugs) demonstrated efficacy in mUC. However, subgroup analysis for bone metastases is often not available, due to difficulties in analysing bone samples, non-RECIST lesions and delay in systemic treatment due to SREs that limit the enrolment of bone mUC patients in clinical trials. Larger solid tumor studies that included UC patients are the main source of data for the management of mUC patients with bone metastases. For these patients, multidisciplinary approach should be preferred, involving orthopaedics, radiotherapists and rehabilitation to improve outcome and quality of life. New prospective trials should characterize clinical and molecular features of patients with bone metastases and the impact of new drugs on this poor prognostic metastatic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Stellato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Meet-URO: Italian Network For Research In Urologic-Oncology, Italy
| | - Daniele Santini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Meet-URO: Italian Network For Research In Urologic-Oncology, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Cursano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Meet-URO: Italian Network For Research In Urologic-Oncology, Italy
| | - Simone Foderaro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Meet-URO: Italian Network For Research In Urologic-Oncology, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tonini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Meet-URO: Italian Network For Research In Urologic-Oncology, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Procopio
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Meet-URO: Italian Network For Research In Urologic-Oncology, Italy
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23
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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy for Bone Metastases: Specific Microenvironment and Current Situation. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:8970173. [PMID: 34877360 PMCID: PMC8645368 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8970173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of bone metastases is a thorny issue. Immunotherapy may be one of the few hopes for patients with unresectable bone metastases. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are the most commonly used immunotherapy drugs currently. In this review, the characteristics and interaction of bone metastases and their immune microenvironment were systematically discussed, and the relevant research progress of the immunological mechanism of tumor bone metastasis was reviewed. On this basis, we expounded the clinical application of immune checkpoint inhibitors for bone metastasis of common tumors, including non-small-cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, melanoma, and breast cancer. Then, the deficiencies and limitations in current researches were summarized. In-depth basic research on bone metastases and optimization of clinical treatment is needed.
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24
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Arai T, Takeuchi N, Sazuka T, Sato H, Imamura Y, Sakamoto S, Komiya A, Ichikawa T. Successful treatment of metastatic bladder cancer by gemcitabine-cisplatin re-challenge after pembrolizumab. IJU Case Rep 2021; 4:360-362. [PMID: 34755056 PMCID: PMC8560445 DOI: 10.1002/iju5.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The advent of pembrolizumab has contributed to improved treatment outcomes for metastatic urothelial carcinoma, but the outcomes of treatments after second-line treatment have not been established. CASE PRESENTATION A 72-year-old man was referred to our hospital with gross hematuria and diagnosed with suspicion of bladder cancer cT1N0M0. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor was performed, but local recurrence and multiple lung metastases appeared 5 months after surgery. Although gemcitabine-cisplatin was performed as first-line chemotherapy, the local lesion increased, and pembrolizumab was used as a second-line treatment. Pembrolizumab was also ineffective; however, re-challenge with gemcitabine-cisplatin as third-line treatment produced a good therapeutic effect. CONCLUSION We report a successful case in which gemcitabine-cisplatin re-challenge after pembrolizumab therapy was effective in metastatic bladder cancer. Re-administration of chemotherapy after immune checkpoint inhibitors may be a broadly effective treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Arai
- Department of UrologyChiba University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
| | - Nobuyoshi Takeuchi
- Department of UrologyChiba University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
| | - Tomokazu Sazuka
- Department of UrologyChiba University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
| | - Hiroaki Sato
- Department of UrologyChiba University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
| | - Yusuke Imamura
- Department of UrologyChiba University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
| | - Shinichi Sakamoto
- Department of UrologyChiba University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
| | - Akira Komiya
- Department of UrologyChiba University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
| | - Tomohiko Ichikawa
- Department of UrologyChiba University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
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25
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Development of a Metastatic Uveal Melanoma Prognostic Score (MUMPS) for Use in Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143640. [PMID: 34298857 PMCID: PMC8306971 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This is a retrospective cohort study of metastatic uveal melanoma patients. This study undertook to identify clinical characteristics that were predictive and prognostics of benefit to immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma. We developed a Metastatic Uveal Melanoma Prognostic risk Score based on retrospective data that is comprised of 3 readily available clinical variables (time to metastatic diagnosis, presence of bone metastases, and LDH). Our findings demonstrated that the Metastatic Uveal Melanoma Prognostic risk Score was associated with a statistically significant association with overall survival outcomes in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma treated with ICI. There was a significant predictive association with disease control to ICI for patients with a ‘good risk’ Metastatic Uveal Melanoma Prognostic risk score. This is one of the larger analysis of clinical outcomes in metastatic uveal melanoma patients to date and could inform clinical decision-making. Abstract Metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM) is a rare disease. There are limited data on prognostic clinical factors for overall survival (OS) in patients with mUM treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Retrospective and non-randomized prospective studies have reported response rates of 0–17% for anti-PD1/L1 ± anti-CTLA4 ICI in mUM, indicating a potential benefit only in a subset of patients. This study evaluates the characteristics associated with ICI benefit in patients with mUM. We performed a single-center retrospective cohort study of patients with mUM who received anti-PD1/L1 ± anti-CTLA4 ICI between 2014–2019. Clinical and genomic characteristics were collected from a chart review. Treatment response and clinical progression were determined by physician assessment. Multivariable Cox regression models and Kaplan–Meier log-rank tests were used to assess differences in clinical progression-free survival (cPFS) and OS between groups and identify clinical variables associated with ICI outcomes. We identified 71 mUM patients who received 75 lines of ICI therapy. Of these, 54 received anti-PD1/L1 alone, and 21 received anti-PD1/L1 + anti-CTLA4. Patient characteristics were: 53% female, 48% were 65 or older, 72% received one or fewer lines of prior therapy. Within our cohort, 53% of patients had developed metastatic disease <2 years after their initial diagnosis. Bone metastases were present in 12% of patients. The median cPFS was 2.7 months, and the median OS was 10.0 months. In multivariable analyses for both cPFS and OS, the following variables were associated with a good prognosis: ≥2 years from the initial diagnosis to metastatic disease (n = 25), LDH < 1.5 × ULN (n = 45), and absence of bone metastases (n = 66). We developed a Metastatic Uveal Melanoma Prognostic Score (MUMPS). Patients were divided into 3 MUMPS groups based on the number of the above-mentioned prognostic variables: Poor prognosis (0–1), Intermediate prognosis (2) and Good prognosis (3). Good prognosis patients experienced longer cPFS (6.0 months) and OS (34.5 months) than patients with intermediate (2.3 months cPFS, 9.4 months OS) and poor prognosis disease (1.8 months cPFS, 3.9 months OS); p < 0.0001. We developed MUMPS—a prognostic score based on retrospective data that is comprised of 3 readily available clinical variables (time to metastatic diagnosis, presence of bone metastases, and LDH). This MUMPS score has a potential prognostic value. Further validation in independent datasets is warranted to determine the role of this MUMPS score in selecting ICI treatment management for mUM.
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Bersanelli M, Buti S, Cortellini A, Bandini M, Banna GL, Pederzoli F, Farè E, Raggi D, Giannatempo P, De Giorgi U, Basso U, Losanno T, Santini D, Mucciarini C, Tucci M, Tambaro R, Farnesi A, Caffo O, Veccia A, Naglieri E, Briganti A, Procopio G, Pignata S, Necchi A. Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma After Progression to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Retrospective Analysis by the Meet-Uro Group (Meet-URO 1 Study). CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ONCOLOGY 2021; 15:11795549211021667. [PMID: 34290538 PMCID: PMC8274126 DOI: 10.1177/11795549211021667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are currently the standard of care for metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC) after the failure of previous platinum-based chemotherapy. The choice of further therapy after ICI progression is a new challenge, and scarce data support it. We aimed to examine the outcomes of mUC patients after progression to ICI, especially when receiving chemotherapy. Methods: Data were retrospectively collected from clinical records of mUC patients whose disease progressed to anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1)or programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) therapy at 14 Italian centers. Patients were grouped according to ICI therapy setting into SALVAGE (ie, ICI delivered ⩾ second-line therapy after platinum-based chemotherapy) and NAÏVE (ie, first-line therapy) groups. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared among subgroups. Cox regression assessed the effect of treatments after progression to ICI on OS. Objective response rate (ORR) was calculated as the sum of partial and complete radiologic responses. Results: The study population consisted of 201 mUC patients who progressed after ICI: 59 in the NAÏVE cohort and 142 in the SALVAGE cohort. Overall, 52 patients received chemotherapy after ICI progression (25.9%), 20 (9.9%) received ICI beyond progression, 115 (57.2%) received best supportive care only, and 14 (7.0%) received investigational drugs. Objective response rate to chemotherapy in the post-ICI setting was 23.1% (28.0% in the NAÏVE group and 18.5% in the SALVAGE group). Median PFS and OS to chemotherapy after ICI-PD was 5 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3-11) and 13 months (95% CI: 7-NA) for the NAÏVE group; 3 months (95% CI: 2-NA) and 9 months (95% CI: 6-NA) for the SALVAGE group, respectively. Overall survival from ICI initiation was 17 months for patients receiving chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.09, p < 0.001), versus 8 months for patients receiving ICI beyond progression (HR = 0.13, p < 0.001), and 2 months for patients who did not receive further active treatment (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Chemotherapy administered after ICI progression for mUC patients is advisable irrespective of the treatment line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bersanelli
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Buti
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessio Cortellini
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Bandini
- Vita Salute San Raffaele University and Department of Urology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Pederzoli
- Vita Salute San Raffaele University and Department of Urology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Farè
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan, Genito-Urinary Oncology Unit, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Raggi
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan, Genito-Urinary Oncology Unit, Milano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Giannatempo
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan, Genito-Urinary Oncology Unit, Milano, Italy
| | - Ugo De Giorgi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Umberto Basso
- Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Tania Losanno
- Medical Oncology, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Marcello Tucci
- Department of Oncology, AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Rosa Tambaro
- UOC Oncologia Medica Uro-Ginecologica, Department of Urology and Gynecology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Orazio Caffo
- Santa Chiara Hospital, Medical Oncology, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Emanuele Naglieri
- Department Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Alberto Briganti
- Vita Salute San Raffaele University and Department of Urology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Procopio
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan, Genito-Urinary Oncology Unit, Milano, Italy
| | - Sandro Pignata
- UOC Oncologia Medica Uro-Ginecologica, Department of Urology and Gynecology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale Napoli, Italy
| | - Andrea Necchi
- Vita Salute San Raffaele University and Department of Urology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
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Deininger S, Törzsök P, Oswald D, Lusuardi L. Current Systemic Treatment Options in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma after Progression on Checkpoint Inhibition Therapy-A Systemic Review Combined with Single-Group Meta-Analysis of Three Studies Testing Enfortumab Vedotin. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3206. [PMID: 34206980 PMCID: PMC8268971 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the first and second-line therapy of metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC), checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) such as Pembrolizumab and Atezolizumab have been widely implemented. Little is currently known about what therapeutic options are effective after therapy with CPI. This article presents a systemic review of current treatment options in this setting. METHODS From August 2020 to 15 April 2021, a literature search was performed through the PubMed/Medline. Subsequently, a single-group meta-analysis of three studies testing Enfortumab vedotin (EV) was conducted. RESULTS Five therapy regimens tested in the post-CPI setting with adequate data were identified: Chemotherapy (CT), Ramucirumab plus Docetaxel, Erdafitinib (Erd), EV, and Sacituzumab govitecan (SG). In n = 74 + 125 + 288 patients, the single-group meta-analysis showed an objective response rate of 42.1% for EV compared to 17.9% for CT in a similar setting. EV was also ahead in progression free survival (5.9 months with EV vs. 3.7 months with CT) and overall survival (12.8 months with EV vs. 9.0 months with CT). CONCLUSION Most data are currently available for EV. Further research is needed on the question of which patients' subcollectives particularly benefit from which therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Deininger
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Salzburg University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (P.T.); (D.O.); (L.L.)
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Khaki AR, Li A, Diamantopoulos LN, Miller NJ, Carril-Ajuria L, Castellano D, De Kouchkovsky I, Koshkin V, Park J, Alva A, Bilen MA, Stewart T, Santos V, Agarwal N, Jain J, Zakharia Y, Morales-Barrera R, Devitt M, Nelson A, Hoimes CJ, Shreck E, Gartrell BA, Sankin A, Tripathi A, Zakopoulou R, Bamias A, Rodriguez-Vida A, Drakaki A, Liu S, Kumar V, Lythgoe MP, Pinato DJ, Murgic J, Fröbe A, Joshi M, Isaacsson Velho P, Hahn N, Alonso Buznego L, Duran I, Moses M, Barata P, Galsky MD, Sonpavde G, Yu EY, Shankaran V, Lyman GH, Grivas P. A New Prognostic Model in Patients with Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma Treated with First-line Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Eur Urol Oncol 2021; 4:464-472. [PMID: 33423945 PMCID: PMC8169524 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are approved in the first-line (1L) setting for cisplatin-unfit patients with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-high tumors or for platinum (cisplatin/carboplatin)-unfit patients, response rates remain modest and outcomes vary with no clinically useful biomarkers (except for PD-L1). OBJECTIVE We aimed to develop a prognostic model for overall survival (OS) in patients receiving 1L ICIs for advanced urothelial cancer (aUC) in a multicenter cohort study. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Patients treated with 1L ICIs for aUC across 24 institutions and five countries (in the USA and Europe) outside clinical trials were included in this study. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS We used a stepwise, hypothesis-driven approach using clinician-selected covariates to develop a new risk score for patients receiving ICIs in the 1L setting. Demographics, clinicopathologic data, treatment patterns, and OS were collected uniformly. Univariate Cox regression was performed on 18 covariates hypothesized to be associated with OS based on published data. Variables were retained for multivariate analysis (MVA) if they correlated with OS (p < 0.2) and were included in the final model if p < 0.05 on MVA. Retained covariates were assigned points based on the beta coefficient to create a risk score. Stratified median OS and C-statistic were calculated. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Among 984 patients, 357 with a mean age of 71 yr were included in the analysis, 27% were female, 68% had pure UC, and 13% had upper tract UC. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥2, albumin <3.5 g/dl, neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio >5, and liver metastases were significant prognostic factors on MVA and were included in the risk score. C index for new 1L risk score was 0.68 (95% confidence interval 0.65-0.71). Limitations include retrospective nature and lack of external validation. CONCLUSIONS We developed a new 1L ICI risk score for OS based on data from patients with aUC treated with ICIs in the USA and Europe outside of clinical trials. The score components highlight readily available factors related to tumor biology and treatment response. External validation is being pursued. PATIENT SUMMARY With multiple new treatments under development and approved for advanced urothelial carcinoma, it can be difficult to identify the best treatment sequence for each patient. The risk score may help inform treatment discussions and estimate outcomes in patients treated with first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors, while it can also impact clinical trial design and endpoints. TAKE HOME MESSAGE: A new risk score was developed for advanced urothelial carcinoma treated with first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors. The score assigned Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥2, albumin <3.5 g/dl, neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio >5, and liver metastases each one point, with a higher score being associated with worse overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza Khaki
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ang Li
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Natalie J Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Ivan De Kouchkovsky
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vadim Koshkin
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Park
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ajjai Alva
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mehmet A Bilen
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tyler Stewart
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Victor Santos
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jayanshu Jain
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Yousef Zakharia
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Rafael Morales-Barrera
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d' Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Devitt
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ariel Nelson
- Division of Medical Oncology, Seidman Cancer Center at Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Christopher J Hoimes
- Division of Medical Oncology, Seidman Cancer Center at Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Evan Shreck
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin A Gartrell
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Alex Sankin
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Abhishek Tripathi
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Roubini Zakopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Aristotelis Bamias
- 2nd Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, ATTIKON University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Alejo Rodriguez-Vida
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandra Drakaki
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandy Liu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark P Lythgoe
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David J Pinato
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jure Murgic
- Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, School of Dental Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Fröbe
- Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, School of Dental Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Monika Joshi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Pedro Isaacsson Velho
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Noah Hahn
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Ignacio Duran
- Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Marcus Moses
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Pedro Barata
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Matthew D Galsky
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guru Sonpavde
- Genitourinary Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evan Y Yu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Veena Shankaran
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gary H Lyman
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Petros Grivas
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Berberine suppresses bladder cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting JAK1-STAT3 signaling via upregulation of miR-17-5p. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 188:114575. [PMID: 33887260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyperactivation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is strongly associated with cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, chemoresistance, and immune evasion; thus, STAT3 has been intensely studied as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Berberine (BBR), an active component extracted from Coptis chinensis, has shown anti-tumor effects in multiple tumors. However, its underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects and the underlying mechanisms of BBR on bladder cancer (BCa) cells. We found that BBR showed significant cytotoxic effects against BCa cell lines both in vivo and in vitro, with much lower cytotoxic effects on the human normal urothelial cell line SV-HUC-1. BBR treatment induced DNA replication defects and cell cycle arrest, resulting in apoptosis or cell senescence, depending on p53 status, in BCa cells. Mechanistically, BBR exerted anti-tumor effects on BCa cells by inhibiting Janus kinase 1 (JAK1)-STAT3 signaling through the upregulation of miR-17-5p, which directly binds to the 3'UTR of JAK1 and STAT3, downregulating their expressions. Collectively, our results demonstrate that BBR exerts anti-tumor effects by perturbing JAK1-STAT3 signaling through the upregulation of miR-17-5p in BCa cells, and that BBR may serve as a potential therapeutic option for BCa treatment.
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Lopez-Beltran A, Cimadamore A, Montironi R, Cheng L. Molecular pathology of urothelial carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2021; 113:67-83. [PMID: 33887300 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The current personalized oncology era has witnessed significant efforts to integrate clinical, pathological, and molecular classifications. The growing need for molecular biomarkers to feed personalized oncology, together with the unprecedented wealth of knowledge on the molecular basis of bladder cancer, has led to a novel approach to this disease, incorporating molecularly generated data in clinical practice for locally advanced or metastatic disease. Translational research allows a better understanding of the early events in the development of urothelial carcinoma in the urinary bladder. Thus, mutations in the KMT2D and KDM6A chromatin-modifying genes confer competitive advantages that drive cells to colonize larger regions of the urothelium. Additional mutations in TP53, PIK3CA, FGFR3, or RB1 genes then trigger the process of malignant transformation in the urothelium. In the current review, we provide an overview of what could be the expected transition from the morphology-based classification to a combined, molecularly enriched reporting of clinically meaningful parameters aiming to promote personalized oncology of urothelial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lopez-Beltran
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Cordoba University Medical School, Cordoba, E-14004, Spain.
| | - Alessia Cimadamore
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, 60126, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, 60126, Italy
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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Chen X, Chen H, He D, Cheng Y, Zhu Y, Xiao M, Lan H, Wang Z, Cao K. Analysis of Tumor Microenvironment Characteristics in Bladder Cancer: Implications for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:672158. [PMID: 33936117 PMCID: PMC8082152 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.672158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in cancer progression and recent evidence has clarified its clinical significance in predicting outcomes and efficacy. However, there are no studies on the systematic analysis of TME characteristics in bladder cancer. In this study, we comprehensively evaluated the TME invasion pattern of bladder cancer in 1,889 patients, defined three different TME phenotypes, and found that different subtypes were associated with the clinical prognosis and pathological characteristics of bladder cancer. We further explored the signaling pathways, cancer-immunity cycle, copy number, and somatic mutation differences among the different subtypes and used the principal component analysis algorithm to calculate the immune cell (IC) score, a tool for comprehensive evaluation of TME. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that ICscore is a reliable and independent prognostic biomarker. In addition, the use of anti-programmed death-ligand (PD-L1) treatment cohort, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE), Subnetwork Mappings in Alignment of Pathways (SubMAP), and other algorithms confirmed that ICscore is a reliable prognostic biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitor response. Patients with higher ICscore showed a significant therapeutic advantage in immunotherapy. In conclusion, this study improves our understanding of the characteristics of TME infiltration in bladder cancer and provides guidance for more effective personalized immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Chen
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haotian Chen
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dong He
- The Second People’s Hospital of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yaxin Cheng
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuxing Zhu
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengqing Xiao
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hua Lan
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhanwang Wang
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Cao
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Management of Clinically Regional Node-Positive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder. Curr Oncol Rep 2021; 23:24. [PMID: 33559760 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-021-01018-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Clinically regional node-positive (cN+) urothelial carcinoma of the bladder requires a multi-modal management approach amidst growing recognition that it represents a spectrum of disease. Herein, we review the contemporary evidence for the natural history, evaluation, and management of clinically regional node-positive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, highlighting recent changes in lymph node staging. RECENT FINDINGS Despite advances in techniques, cross-sectional imaging remains relatively insensitive for the detection of lymph node metastases. Recent changes to nodal staging that distinguish between cN1, cN2-3, and non-regional lymph node metastases reflect an increasing understanding that node-positive disease is heterogeneous and its management must be individualized according to nodal staging. Systemic therapy remains the initial management strategy, either alone or in conjunction with radiotherapy, with choice and sequencing of agents extrapolated from studies of metastatic disease. Consolidative radical cystectomy is an option for patients with disease response to upfront systemic therapy, and several series demonstrate a subset of patients with favorable oncologic outcomes. The comparative effectiveness of radiotherapy and radical cystectomy as local therapy remains an important evidence gap. Future studies that identify predictive biomarkers will help inform optimal choice of systemic therapy. The management of clinically regional node-positive disease requires a multimodal approach comprising both systemic and local therapy, tailored to the patient and to disease response. While choice of systemic therapy will be informed by ongoing studies in patients with metastatic disease, including the elucidation of predictive biomarkers, the comparative effectiveness of local therapies remains an important evidence gap.
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Lopez-Beltran A, Cimadamore A, Blanca A, Massari F, Vau N, Scarpelli M, Cheng L, Montironi R. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for the Treatment of Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:E131. [PMID: 33401585 PMCID: PMC7795541 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been approved as first-line therapy in case of cisplatin-ineligible patients or as second-line therapy for patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) of the bladder. About 30% of patients with mUC will respond to ICIs immunotherapy. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression detected by immunohistochemistry seems to predict response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with mUC as supported by the objective response rate (ORR) and overall survival (OS) associated with the response observed in most clinical trials. Pembrolizumab, an anti-PD-1 antibody, demonstrated better OS respective to chemotherapy in a randomized phase 3 study for second-line treatment of mUC. Nivolumab, a PD-1 antibody, also demonstrated an OS benefit when compared to controls. Atezolizumab, Durvalumab, and Avelumab antibodies targeting PD-L1 have also received approval as second-line treatments for mUC with durable response for more than 1 year in selected patients. Atezolizumab and Pembrolizumab also received approval for first-line treatment of patients that are ineligible for cisplatin. A focus on the utility of ICIs in the adjuvant or neoadjuvant setting, or as combination with chemotherapy, is the basis of some ongoing trials. The identification of a clinically useful biomarker, single or in association, to determine the optimal ICIs treatment for patients with mUC is very much needed as emphasized by the current literature. In this review, we examined relevant clinical trial results with ICIs in patients with mUC alone or as part of drug combinations; emphasis is also placed on the adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting. The current landscape of selected biomarkers of response to ICIs including anti-PD-L1 immunohistochemistry is also briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lopez-Beltran
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Cordoba University Medical School, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Alessia Cimadamore
- Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (A.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Ana Blanca
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba, Department of Urology, University Hospital of Reina Sofia, 14004 Cordoba, Spain;
| | - Francesco Massari
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Nuno Vau
- Medical Oncology, Champalimaud Clinical Center, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Marina Scarpelli
- Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (A.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (A.C.); (M.S.)
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Kobayashi T, Ito K, Kojima T, Kato M, Kanda S, Hatakeyama S, Matsui Y, Matsushita Y, Naito S, Shiga M, Miyake M, Muro Y, Nakanishi S, Kato Y, Shibuya T, Hayashi T, Yasumoto H, Yoshida T, Uemura M, Taoka R, Kamiyama M, Ogawa O, Kitamura H, Nishiyama H. Risk stratification for the prognosis of patients with chemoresistant urothelial cancer treated with pembrolizumab. Cancer Sci 2020; 112:760-773. [PMID: 33283385 PMCID: PMC7893997 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors to treat urothelial carcinoma (UC) is increasing rapidly without clear guidance for validated risk stratification. This multicenter retrospective study collected clinicopathological information on 463 patients, and 11 predefined variables were analyzed to develop a multivariate model predicting overall survival (OS). The model was validated using an independent dataset of 292 patients. Patient characteristics and outcomes were well balanced between the discovery and validation cohorts, which had median OS times of 10.2 and 12.5 mo, respectively. The final validated multivariate model was defined by risk scores based on the hazard ratios (HRs) of independent prognostic factors including performance status, site of metastasis, hemoglobin levels, and the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio. The median OS times (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for the low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐risk groups (discovery cohort) were not yet reached (NYR) (NYR–19.1), 6.8 mo (5.8‐8.9), and 2.3 mo (1.2‐2.6), respectively. The HRs (95% CI) for OS in the low‐ and intermediate‐risk groups vs the high‐risk group were 0.07 (0.04‐0.11) and 0.23 (0.15‐0.37), respectively. The objective response rates for in the low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐risk groups were 48.3%, 28.8%, and 10.5%, respectively. These differential outcomes were well reproduced in the validation cohort and in patients who received pembrolizumab after perioperative or first‐line chemotherapy (N = 584). In conclusion, the present study developed and validated a simple prognostic model predicting the oncological outcomes of pembrolizumab‐treated patients with chemoresistant UC. The model provides useful information for external validation, patient counseling, and clinical trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Ito
- Department of Urology, Ijinkai Takeda General Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kojima
- Department of Urology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Minoru Kato
- Department of Urology, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Souhei Kanda
- Department of Urology, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiyuki Matsui
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuto Matsushita
- Department of Urology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Sei Naito
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Masanobu Shiga
- Department of Urology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Makito Miyake
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Yusuke Muro
- Department of Urology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | - Yoichiro Kato
- Department of Urology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Takashi Yoshida
- Department of Urology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | | | - Rikiya Taoka
- Department of Urology, Kagawa University, Kita, Japan
| | | | - Osamu Ogawa
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Identification of a novel immune microenvironment signature predicting survival and therapeutic options for bladder cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:2780-2802. [PMID: 33408272 PMCID: PMC7880321 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the potential of tumor immune microenvironment genes as indicators of urinary bladder cancer. Here, we sought to establish an immune-related gene signature for determining prognosis and treatment options. We developed a ten-gene tumor immune microenvironment signature and evaluated its prognostic capacity on internal and external cohorts. Multivariate Cox regression and nomogram analyses revealed the prognostic risk model as an independent and effective indicator of prognosis. We observed lower proportions of CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells, regulatory T cells, higher proportions of macrophages and neutrophils in high UBC risk group. UBC tissues with high-risk score tend to exhibit high TP53 and RB1 mutation rates, high PD1/PD-L1 expression and poor-survival basal squamous subtypes, while those with low-risk score tend to have high FGFR3 mutation rates and luminal papillary subtypes. Unexpectedly, we found a highly significant positive correlation between glycolytic genes and risk score, highlighting metabolic competition in tumor ecosystem and potential therapeutic avenues. Our study thus revealed a tumor immune microenvironment signature for predicting prognostic and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors against bladder cancer. Prospective studies are required to further test the predictive capacity of this model.
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van Dijk N, Gómez de Liaño Lista A, Szabados B, Powles T, van der Heijden MS. Reply to Alessia Cimadamore, Liang Cheng, Marina Scarpelli, et al's Letter to the Editor re: Alfonso Gómez de Liaño Lista, Nick van Dijk, Guillermo de Velasco Oria de Rueda, et al. Clinical Outcome After Progressing to Frontline and Second-line Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 in Advanced Urothelial Cancer. Eur Urol 2020;77:269-76. Progression and Hyperprogression Versus Pseudoprogression: Morphologic Documentation. Eur Urol 2020; 79:e20-e21. [PMID: 33153815 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nick van Dijk
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Re: Alfonso Gómez de Liaño Lista, Nick van Dijk, Guillermo de Velasco Oria de Rueda, et al. Clinical Outcome After Progressing to Frontline and Second-line Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 in Advanced Urothelial Cancer. Eur Urol 2020;77:269-76: Progression and Hyperprogression Versus Pseudoprogression: Morphologic Documentation. Eur Urol 2020; 79:e17-e19. [PMID: 33067017 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zschäbitz S, Niegisch G. [Second-line treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma : Update immuno-oncology]. Urologe A 2020; 59:804-809. [PMID: 32472222 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-020-01236-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The approval of the PD‑1 and PD-L1 (programmed cell death [ligand] 1) antibodies pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and atezolizumab has fundamentally changed the therapeutic landscape of locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) are the standard of care in second-line treatment if not already used in first line. They replace conventional chemotherapeutics such as vinflunine, paclitaxel, or docetaxel and offer a superior toxicity profile. This article provides an overview of current second-line treatment strategies for locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zschäbitz
- Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Nationales Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
| | - G Niegisch
- Klinik für Urologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
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Liu L, Hu J, Wang Y, Sun T, Zhou X, Li X, Ma F. Establishment of a novel risk score model by comprehensively analyzing the immunogen database of bladder cancer to indicate clinical significance and predict prognosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:11967-11989. [PMID: 32570217 PMCID: PMC7343485 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer (BCa) has the highest incidence of aggressive malignant tumors in the urogenital system and is the ninth most common cancer worldwide. Immune function-related genes (IFRGs), which are plentiful in immune cells and the immune microenvironment (IME), have the potential to assess prognosis and predict the efficacy of immunotherapy. A complete and significant immunogenomic analysis based on abundant BCa genetic samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) will provide insight into the field. RESULTS A total of 57 differentially expressed IFRGs were significantly associated with the clinical outcomes of patients with BCa. Functional enrichment analysis showed that these genes actively participated in the KEGG pathway of human cytomegalovirus infection. Based on the IFRGs (CALR, MMP9, PAEP, RBP7, STAT1, CACYBP, ANHAK, RAC3, SLIT2, EDNRA, IGF1, NAMPT, NTF3, PPY, ADRB2 and SH3BP2), the risk scores were calculated to predict survival and reveal the relationships with age, sex, grade, staging, T-stage, N-stage, and M-stage. Interestingly, IFRG-based risk scores (IRRSs) reflected the infiltration of several types of immune cells. The expression of CACYBP was more significant in grade 3, T3 and T4 stages than in earlier grades and T-stages. CONCLUSION Our results highlighted some sIFRGs with remarkable clinical relevance, showed the driving factors of the immune repertoire, and illustrated the significance of IFRG-based individual immune features in the identification, monitoring, and prognosis of patients with BCa. METHODS Based on the TCGA dataset, we integrated the expression profiles of IFRGs and overall survival (OS) in 430 patients with BCa. Differentially expressed IFRGs and survival-related IFRGs (sIFRGs) were highlighted by calculating the difference algorithm and COX regression analysis in patients with BCa. Based on computational biology, the potential molecular mechanisms and characteristics of these IFRGs were also explored. Using multivariate Cox analysis, new risk scores based on immune-related genes were developed. The expression of CACYBP was verified by qPCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. The relations between CACYBP and clinical features were proven by immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Liu
- Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Jinghai Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fuzhe Ma
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
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Wallis CJD, Novara G, Marandino L, Bex A, Kamat AM, Karnes RJ, Morgan TM, Mottet N, Gillessen S, Bossi A, Roupret M, Powles T, Necchi A, Catto JWF, Klaassen Z. Risks from Deferring Treatment for Genitourinary Cancers: A Collaborative Review to Aid Triage and Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Eur Urol 2020; 78:29-42. [PMID: 32414626 PMCID: PMC7196384 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Context The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is leading to delays in the treatment of many urologic cancers. Objective To provide a contemporary picture of the risks from delayed treatment for urologic cancers to assist with triage. Evidence acquisition A collaborative review using literature published as of April 2, 2020. Evidence synthesis Patients with low-grade non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer are unlikely to suffer from a 3–6-month delay. Patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer are at risk of disease progression, with radical cystectomy delays beyond 12 wk from diagnosis or completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Prioritization of these patients for surgery or management with radiochemotherapy is encouraged. Active surveillance should be used for low-risk prostate cancer (PCa). Treatment of most patients with intermediate- and high-risk PCa can be deferred 3–6 mo without change in outcomes. The same may be true for cancers with the highest risk of progression. With radiotherapy, neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard of care. For surgery, although the added value of neoadjuvant ADT is questionable, it may be considered if a patient is interested in such an approach. Intervention may be safely deferred for T1/T2 renal masses, while locally advanced renal tumors (≥T3) should be treated expeditiously. Patients with metastatic renal cancer may consider vascular endothelial growth factor targeted therapy over immunotherapy. Risks for delay in the treatment of upper tract urothelial cancer depend on grade and stage. For patients with high-grade disease, delays of 12 wk in nephroureterectomy are not associated with adverse survival outcomes. Expert guidance recommends expedient local treatment of testis cancer. In penile cancer, adverse outcomes have been observed with delays of ≥3 mo before inguinal lymphadenectomy. Limitations include a paucity of data and methodologic variations for many cancers. Conclusions Patients and clinicians should consider the oncologic risk of delayed cancer intervention versus the risks of COVID-19 to the patient, treating health care professionals, and the health care system. Patient summary The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has led to delays in the treatment of patients with urologic malignancies. Based on a review of the literature, patients with high-grade urothelial carcinoma, advanced kidney cancer, testicular cancer, and penile cancer should be prioritized for treatment during these challenging times.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giacomo Novara
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology-Urology Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Marandino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Axel Bex
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, London, UK
| | - Ashish M Kamat
- Department of Urology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Todd M Morgan
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicolas Mottet
- Department of Urology, University hospital Nord, St Etienne, France
| | - Silke Gillessen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Oncologico della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Bossi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Morgan Roupret
- Urology, GRC n°5, PREDICTIVE ONCO-URO, AP-HP, Pitié Salpetriere Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; European Section of Onco Urology, EAU
| | - Thomas Powles
- Barts Cancer Center, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Necchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - James W F Catto
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Zachary Klaassen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Augusta University-Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA; Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta, GA, USA.
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