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Ogata FT, Verma S, Coulson-Thomas VJ, Gesteira TF. TGF-β-Based Therapies for Treating Ocular Surface Disorders. Cells 2024; 13:1105. [PMID: 38994958 PMCID: PMC11240592 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The cornea is continuously exposed to injuries, ranging from minor scratches to deep traumas. An effective healing mechanism is crucial for the cornea to restore its structure and function following major and minor insults. Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-β), a versatile signaling molecule that coordinates various cell responses, has a central role in corneal wound healing. Upon corneal injury, TGF-β is rapidly released into the extracellular environment, triggering cell migration and proliferation, the differentiation of keratocytes into myofibroblasts, and the initiation of the repair process. TGF-β-mediated processes are essential for wound closure; however, excessive levels of TGF-β can lead to fibrosis and scarring, causing impaired vision. Three primary isoforms of TGF-β exist-TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3. Although TGF-β isoforms share many structural and functional similarities, they present distinct roles in corneal regeneration, which adds an additional layer of complexity to understand the role of TGF-β in corneal wound healing. Further, aberrant TGF-β activity has been linked to various corneal pathologies, such as scarring and Peter's Anomaly. Thus, understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which TGF-β1-3 regulate corneal wound healing will enable the development of potential therapeutic interventions targeting the key molecule in this process. Herein, we summarize the multifaceted roles of TGF-β in corneal wound healing, dissecting its mechanisms of action and interactions with other molecules, and outline its role in corneal pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando T Ogata
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, 4901 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Sudhir Verma
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, 4901 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110078, India
| | | | - Tarsis F Gesteira
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, 4901 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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Loufouma-Mbouaka A, Martín-Pérez T, Köhsler M, Danisman Z, Schwarz M, Mazumdar R, Samba-Louaka A, Walochnik J. Characterization of novel extracellular proteases produced by Acanthamoeba castellanii after contact with human corneal epithelial cells and their relevance to pathogenesis. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:242. [PMID: 38812022 PMCID: PMC11137893 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteases produced by Acanthamoeba spp. play an important role in their virulence and may be the key to understanding Acanthamoeba pathogenesis; thus, increasing attention has been directed towards these proteins. The present study aimed to investigate the lytic factors produced by Acanthamoeba castellanii during the first hours of in vitro co-culture with human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). METHODS We used one old and one recent Acanthamoeba isolate, both from patients with severe keratitis, and subsets of these strains with enhanced pathogenic potential induced by sequential passaging over HCEC monolayers. The proteolytic profiles of all strains and substrains were examined using 1D in-gel zymography. RESULTS We observed the activity of additional proteases (ranging from 33 to 50 kDa) during the early interaction phase between amoebae and HCECs, which were only expressed for a short time. Based on their susceptibilities to protease inhibitors, these proteases were characterized as serine proteases. Protease activities showed a sharp decline after 4 h of co-incubation. Interestingly, the expression of Acanthamoeba mannose-binding protein did not differ between amoebae in monoculture and those in co-culture. Moreover, we observed the activation of matrix metalloproteinases in HCECs after contact with Acanthamoeba. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the involvement of two novel serine proteases in Acanthamoeba pathogenesis and suggests a pivotal role of serine proteases during Acanthamoeba-host cell interaction, contributing to cell adhesion and lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvie Loufouma-Mbouaka
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tania Martín-Pérez
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Köhsler
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zeynep Danisman
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maya Schwarz
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rounik Mazumdar
- Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- GenomeByte Ltd, London, UK
| | - Ascel Samba-Louaka
- Laboratoire Ecologie Et Biologie Des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS, 7267, Poitiers, France
| | - Julia Walochnik
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Liu J, Xu Y, Huang Y, Sun X, Peng Y, Song W, Yuan J, Ren L. Collagen membrane loaded with doxycycline through hydroxypropyl chitosan microspheres for the early reconstruction of alkali-burned cornea. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125188. [PMID: 37270120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Corneal alkali burn is one of the most devastating ophthalmic emergencies correlated with remarkable morbidity resulting in severe visual impairment. Appropriate intervention in the acute phase determines the eventual outcome for later corneal restoration treatment. Since the epithelium plays an essential role in inhibiting inflammation and promoting tissue repair, sustained anti-matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and pro-epithelialization are the prior remedies during the first week. In this study, a drug-loaded collagen membrane (Dox-HCM/Col) that could be sutured to overlay the burned cornea was developed to accelerate the early reconstruction. Doxycycline (Dox), a specific inhibitor of MMPs, was encapsulated in collagen membrane (Col) through hydroxypropyl chitosan microspheres (HCM) to develop Dox-HCM/Col, affording a preferable pro-epithelialization microenvironment and an in-situ controlled release. Results showed that loading HCM into Col prolonged the release time to 7 days, and Dox-HCM/Col could significantly suppress the expression of MMP-9 and -13 in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the membrane accelerated the corneal complete re-epithelialization and promoted early reconstruction within the first week. Overall, Dox-HCM/Col was a promising biomaterial membrane for treating alkali-burned cornea in the early stage, and our attempt may provide a clinically feasible method for the ocular surface reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingni Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yongrui Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuehai Peng
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Proud Seeing Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Wenjing Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China.
| | - Li Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, China.
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TGF-β1 and Mechanical-Stretch Induction of Lysyl-Oxidase and Matrix-Metalloproteinase Expression in Synovial Fibroblasts Requires NF-κB Pathways. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10081574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The imbalance in the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and lysyl oxidases (LOXs) in synovial fibroblasts (SFs) caused by mechanical injury and inflammatory response prevents injured anterior cruciate ligaments (ACLs) from self-healing. However, research on the effect of growth factors on SFs on regulating the microenvironment is limited. In this study, mechanical injury and exogenous transform growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were employed to mimic a joint-cavity microenvironment with ACL trauma. The function of the NF-κB transcription factor was further studied. The study found that the gene expression of LOXs (except LOXL-1), MMP-1, -2, and -3 in SFs was promoted by the combination of injurious mechanical stretching and TGF-β1 and that the upregulation of MMPs was higher than that of LOXs. In addition, MMP-2 activity induced by the combination of injurious stretch and TGF-β1 was inhibited by NF-κB inhibitors such as Bay11-7082 and Bay11-7085. The findings concluded that the synovium was an important regulator of the knee joint-cavity microenvironment after ACL injury and that the NF-κB pathway mediated the regulation of MMP-2 in SFs via mechanical factors and TGF-β1.
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Ergen SK, Subasi S, Rencber SF, Duruksu G, Yazir Y. Evaluation of clinical and histological effects of KGF-2 and NGF on corneal wound healing in an experimental alkali burn rabbit model. Exp Eye Res 2022; 223:109190. [PMID: 35963307 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Endogenously produced peptide growth factors such as keratinocyte growth factor-2 (KGF-2) and nerve growth factor (NGF) play a key role in the natural corneal wound healing process. However, this self-healing ability of the corneal tissue is often impaired in cases of severe corneal damage, as in corneal alkali injuries. In the present study, we investigated the clinical and histopathological effects of topical recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor-2 and nerve growth factor treatments in a rabbit model of corneal alkali burn. After induction of an alkali burn, 24 rabbits were divided equally into three groups: control group, KGF-2 group, and NGF group. Clinical parameters including epithelial healing, opacification, neovascularization and central corneal thickness were evaluated on the first (D1), seventh (D7) and fourteenth (D14) days after injury. Corneal histology was performed using hematoxylin/eosin (H&E) and Masson's Trichrome stains. Immunohistochemical staining for matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was performed. On D14, the percentage of epithelial defect and opacity were significantly less in the KGF-2 and NGF groups compared to the control group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups in central corneal thickness. In the evaluation of neovascularization on D14, the NGF group was significantly less vascularized than the control group (p = 0.011). Histological examination showed a significant increase in stromal edema and inflammation in the control group compared to both treatment groups (p < 0.05). There was also a significant difference between the NGF and control groups in histological evaluation of epithelial repair and vascularization (p < 0.05). When immunoreactivity of MMP-2, MMP-9 and TGF-β was examined, there was a significant increase in the control group compared to the NGF group (p < 0.05). Taken together, both NGF and KGF-2 treatments were effective for early re-epithelialization and decrease in inflammation, opacity and neovascularization after corneal alkali burn. The inhibitory effect of NGF treatment on chemical-induced neovascularization was found to be superior to KGF-2 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebnem Kaya Ergen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Karamürsel State Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Sevgi Subasi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Selenay Furat Rencber
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Duruksu
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Applied Center, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Yusufhan Yazir
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey; Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Applied Center, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Photoaging: UV radiation-induced inflammation and immunosuppression accelerate the aging process in the skin. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:817-831. [PMID: 35748903 PMCID: PMC9307547 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01598-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive exposure of the skin to UV radiation (UVR) triggers a remodeling of the immune system and leads to the photoaging state which is reminiscent of chronological aging. Over 30 years ago, it was observed that UVR induced an immunosuppressive state which inhibited skin contact hypersensitivity. Methods Original and review articles encompassing inflammation and immunosuppression in the photoaging and chronological aging processes were examined from major databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Results Currently it is known that UVR treatment can trigger a cellular senescence and inflammatory state in the skin. Chronic low-grade inflammation stimulates a counteracting immunosuppression involving an expansion of immunosuppressive cells, e.g., regulatory T cells (Treg), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and regulatory dendritic cells (DCreg). This increased immunosuppressive activity not only suppresses the function of effector immune cells, a state called immunosenescence, but it also induces bystander degeneration of neighboring cells. Interestingly, the chronological aging process also involves an accumulation of pro-inflammatory senescent cells and signs of chronic low-grade inflammation, called inflammaging. There is also clear evidence that inflammaging is associated with an increase in anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities which promote immunosenescence. Conclusion It seems that photoaging and normal aging evoke similar processes driven by the remodeling of the immune system. However, it is likely that there are different molecular mechanisms inducing inflammation and immunosuppression in the accelerated photoaging and the chronological aging processes.
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Biochemistry of human tear film: A review. Exp Eye Res 2022; 220:109101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Promotion of diabetic wound healing using novel Cu2O/Pt nanocubes through bacterial killing and enhanced angiogenesis in rats. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 134:112552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Salminen A. Feed-forward regulation between cellular senescence and immunosuppression promotes the aging process and age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101280. [PMID: 33581314 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a progressive degenerative process involving a chronic low-grade inflammation and the accumulation of senescent cells. One major issue is to reveal the mechanisms which promote the deposition of pro-inflammatory senescent cells within tissues. The accumulation involves mechanisms which increase cellular senescence as well as those inhibiting the clearance of senescent cells from tissues. It is known that a persistent inflammatory state evokes a compensatory immunosuppression which inhibits pro-inflammatory processes by impairing the functions of effector immune cells, e.g., macrophages, T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Unfortunately, these cells are indispensable for immune surveillance and the subsequent clearance of senescent cells, i.e., the inflammation-induced counteracting immunosuppression prevents the cleansing of host tissues. Moreover, senescent cells can also repress their own clearance by expressing inhibitors of immune surveillance and releasing the ligands of NKG2D receptors which impair their surveillance by NK and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. It seems that cellular senescence and immunosuppression establish a feed-forward process which promotes the aging process and age-related diseases. I will examine in detail the immunosuppressive mechanisms which impair the surveillance and clearance of pro-inflammatory senescent cells with aging. In addition, I will discuss several therapeutic strategies to halt the degenerative feed-forward circuit associated with the aging process and age-related diseases.
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Feldt J, Welss J, Schneider U, Paulsen F. Gold-based blood serum treatment promotes wound closure of corneal epithelial cell defects in primary in vitro experiments. Ann Anat 2021; 237:151745. [PMID: 33905809 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wound healing disorders characterised by impaired or delayed reepithelialisation are a serious medical problem. In the present study, we show that gold-based blood serum therapy is a suitable therapeutic approach and shows a supportive effect in wound closure of human corneal epithelial cells (HCE) in primary in vitro experiments. METHODS For this purpose, blood from healthy individuals was incubated without (S.Ctrl) or with gold-microparticles (S.Therapy) for 24 h. Prior to human epithelial cell stimulation (HCE), the gold particles were removed and the serum was diluted in DMEM (10 % or 30 %). Both groups of serum were compared after injury. HCE were cultured and injured (corneal in vitro wound model) and then stimulated with S.Ctrl or S. THERAPY RESULTS Treatment with serum from a gold-based serum therapy (S.Therapy) shows a supportive effect on wound healing in HCE cells in vitro. In addition, gold therapy supports the secretion of important cytokines normally associated with ocular surface wound healing (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β) in HCE cells. CONCLUSIONS Therapy with gold-based blood serum significantly promotes the secretion and expression of cytokines and growth factors in HCE cells in vitro. Further preclinical experiments are necessary to demonstrate the influence of this therapy on HCE cells for possible clinical application on the human ocular surface and to prove its function also in poorly healing corneal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Feldt
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Jessica Welss
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Friedrich Paulsen
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Sechenov University, Department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy, Moscow, Russia
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Tear Proteases and Protease Inhibitors: Potential Biomarkers and Disease Drivers in Ocular Surface Disease. Eye Contact Lens 2021; 46 Suppl 2:S70-S83. [PMID: 31369467 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tears are highly concentrated in proteins relative to other biofluids, and a notable fraction of tear proteins are proteases and protease inhibitors. These components are present in a delicate equilibrium that maintains ocular surface homeostasis in response to physiological and temporal cues. Dysregulation of the activity of protease and protease inhibitors in tears occurs in ocular surface diseases including dry eye and infection, and ocular surface conditions including wound healing after refractive surgery and contact lens (CL) wear. Measurement of these changes can provide general information regarding ocular surface health and, increasingly, has the potential to give specific clues regarding disease diagnosis and guidance for treatment. Here, we review three major categories of tear proteases (matrix metalloproteinases, cathepsins, and plasminogen activators [PAs]) and their endogenous inhibitors (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, cystatins, and PA inhibitors), and the changes in these factors associated with dry eye, infection and allergy, refractive surgery, and CLs. We highlight suggestions for development of these and other protease/protease inhibitor biomarkers in this promising field.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) To explore the role and significance of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), a proteolytic enzyme, in various ocular surface diseases of inflammatory, infectious, and traumatic etiology (2), to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms responsible for its overexpression in ocular surface disease states, and (3) to discuss possible targets of therapeutic intervention. METHODS A literature review was conducted of primary sources from 1995 onward using search results populated from the US National Library of Medicine search database. RESULTS MMP-9 overexpression has been found in in vitro and in vivo models of dry eye disease (DED), corneal ulceration, microbial keratitis, corneal neovascularization, ultraviolet light-induced radiation, and a host of additional surface pathologies. MMP-9 is involved in an intricate signal transduction cascade that includes induction by many proinflammatory molecules including interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), platelet-activating factor, activator protein 1 (AP-1), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-B). MMP-9 expression is blunted by a diverse array of molecular factors, such as tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, cyclosporine A (CyA), PES_103, epigalloccatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), N-acetylcysteine (NaC), ascorbate, tetracyclines, and corticosteroids. Inhibition of MMP-9 frequently led to improvement of ocular surface disease. CONCLUSIONS Novel insights into the mechanistic action of MMP-9 provide potential for new therapeutic modulations of ocular surface diseases mediated by its overexpression.
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Increased immunosuppression impairs tissue homeostasis with aging and age-related diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 99:1-20. [PMID: 33025106 PMCID: PMC7782450 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01988-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Chronic low-grade inflammation is a common hallmark of the aging process and many age-related diseases. There is substantial evidence that persistent inflammation is associated with a compensatory anti-inflammatory response which prevents excessive tissue damage. Interestingly, the inflammatory state encountered with aging, called inflammaging, is associated with the anti-inflammaging process. The age-related activation of immunosuppressive network includes an increase in the numbers of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), regulatory T cells (Treg), and macrophages (Mreg/M2c). Immunosuppressive cells secrete several anti-inflammatory cytokines, e.g., TGF-β and IL-10, as well as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). Moreover, immunosuppressive cells suppress the function of effector immune cells by catabolizing l-arginine and tryptophan through the activation of arginase 1 (ARG1) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), respectively. Unfortunately, the immunosuppressive armament also induces harmful bystander effects in neighboring cells by impairing host tissue homeostasis. For instance, TGF-β signaling can trigger many age-related degenerative changes, e.g., cellular senescence, fibrosis, osteoporosis, muscle atrophy, and the degeneration of the extracellular matrix. In addition, changes in the levels of ROS, RNS, and the metabolites of the kynurenine pathway can impair tissue homeostasis. This review will examine in detail the harmful effects of the immunosuppressive cells on host tissues. It seems that this age-related immunosuppression prevents inflammatory damage but promotes the tissue degeneration associated with aging and age-related diseases. Key messages • Low-grade inflammation is associated with the aging process and age-related diseases. • Persistent inflammation activates compensatory immunosuppression with aging. • The numbers of immunosuppressive cells increase with aging and age-related diseases. • Immunosuppressive mechanisms evoke harmful bystander effects in host tissues. • Immunosuppression promotes tissue degeneration with aging and age-related diseases.
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Li W, Wang X, Cheng J, Li J, Wang Q, Zhou Q, Li H, Xue J, Zhang Y, Yang L, Xie L. Leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein-1 promotes diabetic corneal epithelial wound healing and nerve regeneration via regulation of matrix metalloproteinases. Exp Eye Res 2020; 196:108060. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Nazari Hashemi P, Chaventre F, Bisson A, Gueudry J, Boyer O, Muraine M. Mapping of proteomic profile and effect of the spongy layer in the human amniotic membrane. Cell Tissue Bank 2020; 21:329-338. [PMID: 32166423 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-020-09821-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The graft of human amniotic membrane (HAM) contributes to the healing of corneal perforating ulcers and so to save a large number of eyes suffering of severe chemical burns. This biological material is used for the treatment of ocular surface diseases because of its capacity to reduce inflammation and promote a quicker wound healing. For clinical use, the HAM is denuded from its spongy layer, but this layer can be an important source of growth factors which promote re-epithelialization. The aim of our study is to provide a general view of protein expression of the HAM and the spongy layer and therefore to determine if the spongy layer and/or a specific part of HAM have a beneficial role in the process of wound healing in patients with corneal ulcers. For this study, human placentas were obtained from healthy women after vaginal delivery or caesarean section after signing the consent form. Mapping of protein expression is done by dividing the placenta in 2 equal parts, one with spongy layer and another without (conventional HAM). Each part is also divided in 3 zones depending on the distance from the umbilical cord. The proteomic analysis was done by ELISA, targeting growth factors (EGF, HGF, KGF, NGF and TGF-beta1) and pro inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in the HAM without spongy layer and in the spongy layer. In this study we observed significant difference in the total amount of protein extract between the different donors. We do not observe a significant difference in the growth factor level between the conventional HAM and the spongy layer. No variation was observed in the expression of HGF, KGF and NGF in different zone of HAM and neither between conventional HAM and spongy layer in each zone. (*p value < 0.05, **p value<0.01,***p value < 0.001). We do detect very low dose of TNF-α and no correlation with the amount of growth factors. In our study we demonstrated that keeping the spongy layer in conventional method of handling HAM can add more GF, and so probably have a positive affect the wound healing process. Variation in some growth factors expression has been observed between the placentas and therefore this may explain the variation in clinical results. No indicator for the selection of placentas with a higher rate of growth factor was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Nazari Hashemi
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Rouen Normandy, Inserm U1234, Rouen, France.
| | - Fanny Chaventre
- Eye Bank of Normandy, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Aurelie Bisson
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Julie Gueudry
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Olivier Boyer
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Rouen Normandy, Inserm U1234, Rouen, France
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Marc Muraine
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Rouen Normandy, Inserm U1234, Rouen, France
- Eye Bank of Normandy, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Rouen, France
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
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16
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Hampel U, Chinnery HR, Garreis F, Paulsen F, de Iongh R, Bui BV, Nguyen C, Parry L, Huei Leo C. Ocular Phenotype of Relaxin Gene Knockout (Rln -/-) Mice. Curr Eye Res 2020; 45:1211-1221. [PMID: 32141786 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1737714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To test if relaxin deficiency affects ocular structure and function we investigated expression of relaxin (Rln) and RXFP receptors (Rxfp1, Rxfp2), and compared ocular phenotypes in relaxin gene knockout (Rln-/- ) and wild type (Rln+/+ ) mice. Materials and Methods: Rln, Rxfp1 and Rxfp2 mRNA expression was detected in ocular tissues of Rln+/+ mice using RT-PCR. The eyes of 11 Rln-/- and 5 Rln+/+ male mice were investigated. Corneal and retinal thickness was assessed using optical coherence tomography. Intraocular pressure was measured using a rebound tonometer. Retinal, choroidal and sclera morphology and thickness were evaluated histologically. Eyes were collected and fixed for immunofluorescence staining or used for RNA extraction to evaluate mRNA expression using real-time PCR. Results: Rln mRNA was expressed only in the retina, whereas Rxfp1 transcripts were detected in the retina, cornea and sclera/choroid. Rxfp2 was only present in the cornea. None of these genes were expressed in the lacrimal gland, eyelid or lens. Intraocular pressure was higher and central cornea of Rln-/- mice was significantly thicker and had significantly larger endothelial cells and a lower endothelial cell density than Rln+/+ mice. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated no significant difference in AQP3 and AQP5 staining in the cornea or other regions between wildtype and Rln-/- mice. mRNA expression of Aqp4 was significantly higher in Rln-/- than in Rln+/+ corneas, whereas Col1a2, Mmp9, Timp1 and Timp2 were significantly decreased. Expression of Aqp1, Aqp4, Aqp5, Vim and Tjp1 was significantly decreased in Rln-/- compared to Rln+/+ uvea. No significant differences in these genes were detected in the retina. Retinal, choroidal and scleral thicknesses were not different and morphology appeared normal. Conclusion: The findings indicate that loss of Rln affects expression of several genes in the uvea and cornea and results in thicker corneas with altered endothelial cells. Many of the gene changes suggest alterations in extracellular matrix and fluid transport between cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Hampel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz, Germany.,Department of Anatomy II, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holly R Chinnery
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Australia
| | - Fabian Garreis
- Department of Anatomy II, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Erlangen, Germany
| | - Friedrich Paulsen
- Department of Anatomy II, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery, Sechenov University , Moscow, Russia
| | - Robb de Iongh
- Ocular Development Laboratory, Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne , Parkville, Australia
| | - Bang V Bui
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Australia
| | - Christine Nguyen
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Australia
| | - Laura Parry
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Australia
| | - Chen Huei Leo
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Australia.,Science & Math, Singapore University of Technology & Design , Singapore
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17
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Hu LF, Feng J, Dai X, Sun Y, Xiong M, Lai L, Zhong S, Yi C, Chen G, Li H, Yang Q, Kuang Q, Long T, Zhan J, Tang T, Ge C, Tan J, Xu M. Oral flavonoid fisetin treatment protects against prolonged high-fat-diet-induced cardiac dysfunction by regulation of multicombined signaling. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 77:108253. [PMID: 31835147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Excess high-fat diet (HFD) intake predisposes the occurrence of obesity-associated heart injury, but the mechanism is elusive. Fisetin (FIS), as a natural flavonoid, has potential activities to alleviate obesity-induced metabolic syndrome. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of FIS against HFD-induced cardiac injury remain unclear. The present study was to explore the protective effects of FIS on cardiac dysfunction in HFD-fed mice. We found that FIS alleviated HFD-triggered metabolic disorder by reducing body weight, fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, and insulin resistance. Moreover, FIS supplements significantly alleviated dyslipidemia in both mouse hearts and cardiomyocytes stimulated by metabolic stress. FIS treatment abolished HFD-induced inflammatory response in heart tissues through suppressing TNF receptor-1/TNF receptor-associated factor-2 (Tnfr-1/Traf-2) signaling. Furthermore, FIS induced a strong reduction in the expression of fibrosis-related genes, contributing to the inhibition of fibrosis by inactivating transforming growth factor (Tgf)-β1/Smads/Erk1/2 signaling. Collectively, these results demonstrated that FIS could be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of obesity-associated cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Feng Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Jing Feng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Xianling Dai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Yan Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Mingxin Xiong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Lili Lai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Shaoyu Zhong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Chao Yi
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Geng Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Qiufeng Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Qin Kuang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Tingting Long
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Jianxia Zhan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Tingting Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Chenxu Ge
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China.
| | - Jun Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China.
| | - Minxuan Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China.
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18
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Small leucine-rich proteoglycans and matrix metalloproteinase-14: Key partners? Matrix Biol 2019; 75-76:271-285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Liao K, Yong CW, Hua K. SB431542 inhibited cigarette smoke extract induced invasiveness of A549 cells via the TGF-β1/Smad2/MMP3 pathway. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:9681-9686. [PMID: 29963124 PMCID: PMC6020173 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has high morbidity and mortality rates. Smoking is involved in the pathogenesis of lung cancer, and tobacco smoke may increase tumor cell invasion and metastasis. The effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on the carcinoma human alveolar basal epithelial A549 cell line were investigated. A549 cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of CSE for 12, 24 and 48 h, and the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signal pathway was inhibited by addition of SB431542, a TGF-β1 receptor antagonist. The proliferation of A549 cells was assayed by a Cell Counting kit-8, invasiveness was assayed using Transwell chambers, and TGF-β1, phosphorylated mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 (p-Smad2), and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) levels was assessed by western blot analysis. The invasiveness of A549 cells and the expression of TGF-β1, pSmad2, and MMP-3 were significantly increased by CSE (P<0.05). The effects of CSE were abrogated by SB431542 (P<0.05). In conclusion, CSE increased the invasiveness of A549 cells and its effects were abrogated by SB431542 and the TGF-β1/Smad2/MMP-3 pathway may have been involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liao
- Department of Respiration and Gastroenterology, The Seventh Peoples Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Wei Yong
- Department of Respiration and Gastroenterology, The Seventh Peoples Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Ke Hua
- Department of Respiration and Gastroenterology, The Seventh Peoples Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
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20
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Xi H, Shuai QG, Shao LL. Involvement of the TGFβ1/Smad2/MMP3 signaling pathway in SB431542-induced inhibition of cell invasion in multiple myeloma RPMI 8226 cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:541-546. [PMID: 28693203 PMCID: PMC5494695 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy characterized by plasma cell hyperplasia. The majority of patients with MM suffer from mortality due to tumor recurrence and metastasis, which has become an emerging clinical problem. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) has been implicated in tumor metastasis; however, its role in RPMI 8226 cells remains to be elucidated. In the present study, RPMI 8226 cells were treated with various concentrations of SB431542, a TGFβ1 inhibitor, for 12, 24 and 48 h. RPMI 8226 cells were transfected with lentiviral-TGFβ1 vectors to overexpress TGFβ1. Cell proliferation rate was subsequently determined by cell-counting kit-8 assay and cell invasion was assessed by Transwell assay. Expression of TGFβ1, SMAD family member 2 (Smad2) and matrix metallopeptidase 3 (MMP3) were analyzed by western blotting. The results demonstrated that cell proliferation and invasion of RPMI 8226 cells was significantly inhibited by SB431542 (P<0.05). SB431542 was able to significantly downregulate the expression of TGFβ1, phosphorylated (p)-Smad2 and MMP3; however, the overexpression of TGFβ1 significantly upregulated the expression of TGFβ1, p-Smad2 and MMP3. In conclusion, SB431542 reduced cell invasion in RPMI 8226 cells, and this effect may be mediated via the TGFβ1/Smad2/MMP3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Xi
- Department of Radiology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China.,Department of Hematology, Hechuan Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401520, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Guo Shuai
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Li Shao
- Department of Radiology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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21
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Ma IH, Chen LW, Tu WH, Lu CJ, Huang CJ, Chen WL. Serum components and clinical efficacies of autologous serum eye drops in dry eye patients with active and inactive Sjogren syndrome. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2017; 7:213-220. [PMID: 29296554 PMCID: PMC5747232 DOI: 10.4103/tjo.tjo_102_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: Autologous serum eye drops are considered safe and efficient for the treatment of various ocular surface disorders, including dry eye diseases (DED) caused by the primary and secondary Sjogren syndrome (SS). However, the serum components in patients of SS may be different from those of normal patients and can thus lead to unpredictable therapeutic effects. This study divided the SS patients into active and inactive types based on the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and the presence or absence of active rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS: We compared the serum components of these two groups with standard and multiplex enzyme linked immunosorbent assay arrays and predicted the therapeutic effects of topical autologous serum for the treatment of DED with ocular surface disease index (OSDI) and Oxford Schema scale (OSS). RESULTS: Hyaluronic acid and transforming growth factor b1 levels were significantly higher in the active SS group compared to the inactive SS group (P < 0.01), whereas epidermal growth factors, insulin growth factor 1, and fibroblast growth factor b had no significant differences between these two groups. Active SS group had significantly higher expressions of interleukin (IL) 1 beta, IL 6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha compared to inactive SS patients (P < 0.05). There were no statistical differences in therapeutic effects between these two groups, as measured with the OSDI or OSS. CONCLUSION: Dividing the Sjogren dry eye patients into active and inactive groups may appear as a reasonable method to predict the quality of autologous serum eye drops, but there seems to be no significant predictability to the therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hsin Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lily Wei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hui Tu
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ju Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Jung Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Li Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center of Corneal Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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de Bruyn M, Vandooren J, Ugarte-Berzal E, Arijs I, Vermeire S, Opdenakker G. The molecular biology of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in inflammatory bowel diseases. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 51:295-358. [DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2016.1199535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Yang YH, Hsieh TL, Ji ATQ, Hsu WT, Liu CY, Lee OKS, Ho JHC. Stromal Tissue Rigidity Promotes Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Corneal Wound Healing Through the Transforming Growth Factor β Signaling Pathway. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2525-2535. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hsiang Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology; Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation; New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Ting-Lieh Hsieh
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Andrea Tung-Qian Ji
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Wei-Tse Hsu
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Liu
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Oscar Kuang-Sheng Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Taipei City Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Jennifer Hui-Chun Ho
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology; Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
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24
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Jha AK, Tharp KM, Browne S, Ye J, Stahl A, Yeghiazarians Y, Healy KE. Matrix metalloproteinase-13 mediated degradation of hyaluronic acid-based matrices orchestrates stem cell engraftment through vascular integration. Biomaterials 2016; 89:136-47. [PMID: 26967648 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A critical design parameter for the function of synthetic extracellular matrices is to synchronize the gradual cell-mediated degradation of the matrix with the endogenous secretion of natural extracellular matrix (ECM) (e.g., creeping substitution). In hyaluronic acid (HyA)-based hydrogel matrices, we have investigated the effects of peptide crosslinkers with different matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) sensitivities on network degradation and neovascularization in vivo. The HyA hydrogel matrices consisted of cell adhesive peptides, heparin for both the presentation of exogenous and sequestration of endogenously synthesized growth factors, and MMP cleavable peptide linkages (i.e., QPQGLAK, GPLGMHGK, and GPLGLSLGK). Sca1(+)/CD45(-)/CD34(+)/CD44(+) cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) cultured in the matrices with the slowly degradable QPQGLAK hydrogels supported the highest production of MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-13, VEGF165, and a range of angiogenesis related proteins. Hydrogels with QPQGLAK crosslinks supported prolonged retention of these proteins via heparin within the matrix, stimulating rapid vascular development, and anastomosis with the host vasculature when implanted in the murine hindlimb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Jha
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kevin M Tharp
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Shane Browne
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Jianqin Ye
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Andreas Stahl
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yerem Yeghiazarians
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kevin E Healy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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25
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Hino M, Kamo M, Saito D, Kyakumoto S, Shibata T, Mizuki H, Ishisaki A. Transforming growth factor-β1 induces invasion ability of HSC-4 human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells through the Slug/Wnt-5b/MMP-10 signalling axis. J Biochem 2016; 159:631-40. [PMID: 26861993 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvw007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanism underlying the invasion of oral cancer cells remains to be clarified. We previously demonstrated that transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) induces the expression of mesenchymal markers in human oral squamous cell carcinoma HSC-4 cells. Intriguingly, the expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related transcription factor Slug was also significantly upregulated upon TGF-β1 stimulation. However, the mechanism by which Slug transduces the TGF-β1-induced signal to enhance the invasiveness of HSC-4 cells is poorly understood. Proteomic analysis revealed that the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-10 was upregulated in TGF-β1-stimulated cells. Additionally, a Boyden chamber assay revealed that the TGF-β1-induced increase in invasiveness of HSC-4 cells was significantly inhibited by MMP-10 small interfering RNA (siRNA). Intriguingly, Slug siRNA suppressed TGF-β1-induced expression of MMP-10. These results suggest that TGF-β1 induces invasion in HSC-4 cells through the upregulation of MMP-10 expression in a Slug-dependent manner. On the other hand, Slug siRNA suppressed TGF-β1-induced Wnt-5b expression. Wnt-5b significantly induced MMP-10 expression, whereas Wnt-5b siRNA suppressed the TGF-β1-induced increase in invasiveness, suggesting that TGF-β1-induced expression of MMP-10 and the resulting upregulation of invasiveness are mediated by Wnt-5b. Overall, these results suggest that TGF-β1 stimulates HSC-4 cell invasion through the Slug/Wnt-5b/MMP-10 signalling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Hino
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba-cho, Iwate 028-3694, Japan; Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Reconstructive Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, 1-3-27 Chuo-dori, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, Japan, Japan
| | - Masaharu Kamo
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba-cho, Iwate 028-3694, Japan;
| | - Daishi Saito
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Reconstructive Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, 1-3-27 Chuo-dori, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, Japan, Japan
| | - Seiko Kyakumoto
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba-cho, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shibata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Harumi Mizuki
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Reconstructive Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, 1-3-27 Chuo-dori, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, Japan, Japan
| | - Akira Ishisaki
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba-cho, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
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Dong C, Gongora R, Sosulski ML, Luo F, Sanchez CG. Regulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1)-induced pro-fibrotic activities by circadian clock gene BMAL1. Respir Res 2016; 17:4. [PMID: 26753996 PMCID: PMC5477854 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BMAL1 is a transcriptional activator of the molecular clock feedback network. Besides its role in generating circadian rhythms, it has also been shown to be involved in the modulation of cell proliferation, autophagy and cancer cell invasion. However, the role of BMAL1 in pulmonary fibrogenesis is still largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the crosstalk between BMAL1 and the signaling transduction and cellular activities of TGF-β1, a key player in lung fibrogenesis. METHODS Lungs from wild type and TGF-β1-adenovirus-infected mice were harvested and homogenized for isolation of RNA and protein. RT-PCR and Western Blotting were employed to measure the expression level of clock genes and TGF-β1-induced downstream target genes. siRNA against human BMAL1 gene was transfected by using lipofectamine RNAiMAX to knockdown the endogenous BMAL1 in both lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts. RESULTS Our results showed that TGF-β1 is able to up-regulate BMAL1 expression in both lung epithelial cells and normal lung fibroblasts. In animal models of pulmonary fibrosis, BMAL1 expression was also significantly higher in adenovirus-TGF-β1-infected mice than in the control group. Interestingly, BMAL1 was mostly found in a deacetylated form in the presence of TGF-β1. Importantly, siRNA-mediated knockdown of BMAL1 significantly attenuated the canonical TGF-β1 signaling pathway and altered TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and MMP9 production in lung epithelial cells. In addition, BMAL1 knockdown inhibited the fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation of normal human lung fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that activation of TGF-β1 promotes the transcriptional induction of BMAL1. Furthermore, BMAL1 is required for the TGF-β1-induced signaling transduction and pro-fibrotic activities in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmin Dong
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Rafael Gongora
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Meredith L. Sosulski
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Fayong Luo
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Cecilia G. Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
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Arikan S, Gokmen F, Ersan I, Akbal A, Resorlu H, Gencer B, Ali Tufan H, Kara S. Effect of Systemically Used Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Medication on the Corneal Epithelium and Stroma of Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2016; 25:223-228. [PMID: 26731089 DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2015.1107592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of systemically used anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) medication on the thickness of corneal epithelium and stroma in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). METHODS A total of 125 eyes of 69 participants were included in this retrospective study of three groups: healthy participants (Group 1), AS patients receiving anti-TNF-α medication (Group 2), and AS patients receiving a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication (Group 3). RESULTS According to anterior segment optical coherence tomography, the mean thickness of the corneal epithelium was significantly thicker in Group 2 than in Group 3 (51.6 ± 3.2 µm versus 50.4 ± 3 µm, p = 0.01), as was that of the stroma (475 ± 33 µm versus 443 ± 29 µm, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Anti-TNF-α medication and/or avoidance of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs could improve the thickness of both the corneal epithelium and stroma in AS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedat Arikan
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University School of Medicine , Canakkale , Turkey
| | - Ferhat Gokmen
- b Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University School of Medicine , Canakkale , Turkey
| | - Ismail Ersan
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University School of Medicine , Canakkale , Turkey
| | - Ayla Akbal
- b Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University School of Medicine , Canakkale , Turkey
| | - Hatice Resorlu
- b Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University School of Medicine , Canakkale , Turkey
| | - Baran Gencer
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University School of Medicine , Canakkale , Turkey
| | - Hasan Ali Tufan
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University School of Medicine , Canakkale , Turkey
| | - Selcuk Kara
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University School of Medicine , Canakkale , Turkey
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Fu X, Xu M, Jia C, Xie W, Wang L, Kong D, Wang H. Differential regulation of skin fibroblasts for their TGF-β1-dependent wound healing activities by biomimetic nanofibers. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:5246-5255. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00882h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanofibers with different compositions differentially regulate fibroblast phenotypes in a TGF-β1 rich milieu through the integrin-mediated TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Fu
- The School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
- China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - M. Xu
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering
- Stevens Institute of Technology
- Hoboken
- USA
| | - C. Jia
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering
- Stevens Institute of Technology
- Hoboken
- USA
| | - W. Xie
- The School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
- China
| | - L. Wang
- Institute of Molecular Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - D. Kong
- Institute of Molecular Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - H. Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering
- Stevens Institute of Technology
- Hoboken
- USA
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Acceleration of diabetic wound healing using a novel protease-anti-protease combination therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:15226-31. [PMID: 26598687 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1517847112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonhealing chronic wounds are major complications of diabetes resulting in >70,000 annual lower-limb amputations in the United States alone. The reasons the diabetic wound is recalcitrant to healing are not fully understood, and there are limited therapeutic agents that could accelerate or facilitate its repair. We previously identified two active forms of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), MMP-8 and MMP-9, in the wounds of db/db mice. We argued that the former might play a role in the body's response to wound healing and that the latter is the pathological consequence of the disease with detrimental effects. Here we demonstrate that the use of compound ND-336, a novel highly selective inhibitor of gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and MMP-14, accelerates diabetic wound healing by lowering inflammation and by enhancing angiogenesis and re-epithelialization of the wound, thereby reversing the pathological condition. The detrimental role of MMP-9 in the pathology of diabetic wounds was confirmed further by the study of diabetic MMP-9-knockout mice, which exhibited wounds more prone to healing. Furthermore, topical administration of active recombinant MMP-8 also accelerated diabetic wound healing as a consequence of complete re-epithelialization, diminished inflammation, and enhanced angiogenesis. The combined topical application of ND-336 (a small molecule) and the active recombinant MMP-8 (an enzyme) enhanced healing even more, in a strategy that holds considerable promise in healing of diabetic wounds.
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Couture C, Zaniolo K, Carrier P, Lake J, Patenaude J, Germain L, Guérin SL. The tissue-engineered human cornea as a model to study expression of matrix metalloproteinases during corneal wound healing. Biomaterials 2015; 78:86-101. [PMID: 26686051 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Corneal injuries remain a major cause of consultation in the ophthalmology clinics worldwide. Repair of corneal wounds is a complex mechanism that involves cell death, migration, proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. In the present study, we used a tissue-engineered, two-layers (epithelium and stroma) human cornea as a biomaterial to study both the cellular and molecular mechanisms of wound healing. Gene profiling on microarrays revealed important alterations in the pattern of genes expressed by tissue-engineered corneas in response to wound healing. Expression of many MMPs-encoding genes was shown by microarray and qPCR analyses to increase in the migrating epithelium of wounded corneas. Many of these enzymes were converted into their enzymatically active form as wound closure proceeded. In addition, expression of MMPs by human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) was affected both by the stromal fibroblasts and the collagen-enriched ECM they produce. Most of all, results from mass spectrometry analyses provided evidence that a fully stratified epithelium is required for proper synthesis and organization of the ECM on which the epithelial cells adhere. In conclusion, and because of the many characteristics it shares with the native cornea, this human two layers corneal substitute may prove particularly useful to decipher the mechanistic details of corneal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Couture
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice - Centre de recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada; Département d'Ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Karine Zaniolo
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice - Centre de recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada; Département d'Ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Carrier
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice - Centre de recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada; Département d'Ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jennifer Lake
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice - Centre de recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada; Département d'Ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Julien Patenaude
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice - Centre de recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada; Département d'Ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Lucie Germain
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice - Centre de recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada; Département d'Ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvain L Guérin
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice - Centre de recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada; Département d'Ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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Gronkiewicz KM, Giuliano EA, Sharma A, Mohan RR. Molecular mechanisms of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid in the inhibition of TGF-β1-mediated canine corneal fibrosis. Vet Ophthalmol 2015; 19:480-487. [PMID: 26559782 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate molecular mechanisms mediating anti-fibrotic effect of SAHA in the canine cornea using an in vitro model. We hypothesized that SAHA attenuates corneal fibrosis by modulating Smad-dependent and, to a lesser extent, Smad-independent signaling pathways activated by TGF-β1, as well as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. METHODS Cultured canine corneal fibroblasts (CCF) were incubated in the presence/absence of TGF-β1 (5 ng/mL) and SAHA (2.5 μm) for 24 h. Western blot analysis was used to quantify non-phosphorylated and phosphorylated isoforms of Smad2/3, p38 MAP kinase (MAPK), ERK1/2, and JNK1. Real-time PCR and zymography were utilized to quantify MMP1, MMP2, MMP8, and MMP9 mRNA expressions and MMP2 and MMP9 protein activities, respectively. RESULTS TGF-β1 treatment caused a significant increase in phospho-Smad2/3 and phospho-p38 MAPK. SAHA treatment reduced TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation of Smad2/3 but not of p38 MAPK. TGF-β1 did not modulate the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 or JNK1. SAHA caused a significant reduction in phospho-ERK1/2 expression regardless of concurrent TGF-β1 treatment. Neither SAHA alone nor in combination with TGF-β1 altered phospho-JNK1 expression. TGF-β1 significantly increased MMP1 and MMP9 mRNA expressions but did not alter MMP2 mRNA. SAHA treatment attenuated TGF-β1-induced MMP9 mRNA expression while significantly enhancing TGF-β1-induced MMP1 mRNA expression. Zymography detected reduced expression of MMP2 and MMP9 proteins in untreated control CCF. TGF-β1 treatment did not alter their expression, but SAHA treatment +/-TGF-β1 significantly increased MMP2 and MMP9 protein expressions. CONCLUSIONS The corneal anti-fibrotic effects of SAHA involve multiple mechanisms including modulation of canonical and non-canonical components of TGF-β1 intracellular signaling and MMP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Gronkiewicz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Giuliano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veteran Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Rajiv R Mohan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veteran Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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Arantes DAC, Costa NL, Mendonça EF, Silva TA, Batista AC. Overexpression of immunosuppressive cytokines is associated with poorer clinical stage of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 61:28-35. [PMID: 26513679 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of IL-10 and TGF-β2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its relationship with prognostic clinical and microscopic parameters. DESIGN Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expression of IL-10 and TGF-β2 in OSCC samples from 43 patients who had undergone surgical excision and neck dissection. Metastatic lymph nodes were included in the study (n=23). Samples of healthy oral mucosa (n=20) were used as controls. The sections were evaluated using a semi-quantitative method in conjunction with staining intensity. RESULTS Our findings showed that the expression of IL-10 and TGF-β2 by neoplastic and stromal cells was high in most of the OSCC samples (>70% of samples), especially when compared to the controls (≅10% of samples) (P<0.05). OSCC neoplastic cells in cervical lymph nodes were also positive for IL-10 and TGF-β2. An association between high expression of IL-10 by neoplastic cells and advanced clinical stage (T3-T4) was verified (P=0.02). Although not statistically significant, the expression of TGF-β2 was also augmented in advanced stage tumours. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the ability of OSCC neoplastic cells to secrete immunosuppressive cytokines could contribute to clinical progression by maintaining a microenvironment conducive to evasion and tumour proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nádia Lago Costa
- Department of Stomatology (Oral Pathology), Dental School, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.
| | | | - Tarcília Aparecida Silva
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Dental School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Aline Carvalho Batista
- Department of Stomatology (Oral Pathology), Dental School, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.
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Wisse RP, Kuiper JJ, Gans R, Imhof S, Radstake TR, Van der Lelij A. Cytokine Expression in Keratoconus and its Corneal Microenvironment: A Systematic Review. Ocul Surf 2015; 13:272-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Abstract
Corneal wound healing is a complex process involving cell death, migration, proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Many similarities are observed in the healing processes of corneal epithelial, stromal and endothelial cells, as well as cell-specific differences. Corneal epithelial healing largely depends on limbal stem cells and remodeling of the basement membrane. During stromal healing, keratocytes get transformed to motile and contractile myofibroblasts largely due to activation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) system. Endothelial cells heal mostly by migration and spreading, with cell proliferation playing a secondary role. In the last decade, many aspects of wound healing process in different parts of the cornea have been elucidated, and some new therapeutic approaches have emerged. The concept of limbal stem cells received rigorous experimental corroboration, with new markers uncovered and new treatment options including gene and microRNA therapy tested in experimental systems. Transplantation of limbal stem cell-enriched cultures for efficient re-epithelialization in stem cell deficiency and corneal injuries has become reality in clinical setting. Mediators and course of events during stromal healing have been detailed, and new treatment regimens including gene (decorin) and stem cell therapy for excessive healing have been designed. This is a very important advance given the popularity of various refractive surgeries entailing stromal wound healing. Successful surgical ways of replacing the diseased endothelium have been clinically tested, and new approaches to accelerate endothelial healing and suppress endothelial-mesenchymal transformation have been proposed including Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor eye drops and gene therapy to activate TGF-β inhibitor SMAD7. Promising new technologies with potential for corneal wound healing manipulation including microRNA, induced pluripotent stem cells to generate corneal epithelium, and nanocarriers for corneal drug delivery are discussed. Attention is also paid to problems in wound healing understanding and treatment, such as lack of specific epithelial stem cell markers, reliable identification of stem cells, efficient prevention of haze and stromal scar formation, lack of data on wound regulating microRNAs in keratocytes and endothelial cells, as well as virtual lack of targeted systems for drug and gene delivery to select corneal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Ljubimov
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Mehrnoosh Saghizadeh
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Wiechmann AF, Ceresa BP, Howard EW. Diurnal variation of tight junction integrity associates inversely with matrix metalloproteinase expression in Xenopus laevis corneal epithelium: implications for circadian regulation of homeostatic surface cell desquamation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113810. [PMID: 25412440 PMCID: PMC4239109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives The corneal epithelium provides a protective barrier against pathogen entrance and abrasive forces, largely due to the intercellular junctional complexes between neighboring cells. After a prescribed duration at the corneal surface, tight junctions between squamous surface cells must be disrupted to enable them to desquamate as a component of the tissue homeostatic renewal. We hypothesize that matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) are secreted by corneal epithelial cells and cleave intercellular junctional proteins extracellularly at the epithelial surface. The purpose of this study was to examine the expression of specific MMPs and tight junction proteins during both the light and dark phases of the circadian cycle, and to assess their temporal and spatial relationships in the Xenopus laevis corneal epithelium. Methodology/Principal Findings Expression of MMP-2, tissue inhibitor of MMP-2 (TIMP-2), membrane type 1-MMP (MT1-MMP) and the tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-4 were examined by confocal double-label immunohistochemistry on corneas obtained from Xenopus frogs at different circadian times. Occludin and claudin-4 expression was generally uniformly intact on the surface corneal epithelial cell lateral membranes during the daytime, but was frequently disrupted in small clusters of cells at night. Concomitantly, MMP-2 expression was often elevated in a mosaic pattern at nighttime and associated with clusters of desquamating surface cells. The MMP-2 binding partners, TIMP-2 and MT1-MMP were also localized to surface corneal epithelial cells during both the light and dark phases, with TIMP-2 tending to be elevated during the daytime. Conclusions/Significance MMP-2 protein expression is elevated in a mosaic pattern in surface corneal epithelial cells during the nighttime in Xenopus laevis, and may play a role in homeostatic surface cell desquamation by disrupting intercellular junctional proteins. The sequence of MMP secretion and activation, tight junction protein cleavage, and subsequent surface cell desquamation and renewal may be orchestrated by nocturnal circadian signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan F. Wiechmann
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Brian P. Ceresa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Eric W. Howard
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
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Salvadori G, Dos Santos JN, Martins MAT, Vasconcelos AC, Meurer L, Rados PV, Carrard VC, Martins MD. Ki-67, TGF-β1, and elastin content are significantly altered in lip carcinogenesis. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:7635-44. [PMID: 24798972 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1989-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial changes observed in actinic cheilitis (AC) and lower lip squamous cell carcinoma (LLSCC) have been studied using different markers in order to observe diagnostic and prognostic factors for both lesions. The aim of the present study was to analyze Ki-67, TGF-β1, and elastin content in AC and LLSCC to determine the possible role of these proteins in lip carcinogenesis. Medical records of 29 cases of AC and 53 cases of LLSCC were analyzed. Lesions were classified according histological pattern and submitted to immunostaining for Ki-67, TGF-β1, and elastin. Different percentages of Ki-67-positive cells were found in AC depending on the degree of epithelial dysplasia (p < 0.01). An association was also found between the percentage of Ki-67-positive cells and tumor grade in LLSCC (p < 0.01). An inverse correlation was found between Ki-67 and TGF-β1 in AC and LLSCC (p < 0.01). Elastosis was thinner and more discontinuous in LLSCC in comparison to AC, and this difference in the elastin immunolabeling pattern was statistically significant between groups (p < 0.01). The present findings indicate that changes in Ki-67 and TGF-β1 content contribute to lip carcinogenesis. Furthermore, elastin content reflects changes in the extracellular matrix in both AC and LLSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Salvadori
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Schlage P, Egli FE, Nanni P, Wang LW, Kizhakkedathu JN, Apte SS, auf dem Keller U. Time-resolved analysis of the matrix metalloproteinase 10 substrate degradome. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 13:580-93. [PMID: 24281761 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.035139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteolysis is an irreversible post-translational modification that affects intra- and intercellular communication by modulating the activity of bioactive mediators. Key to understanding protease function is the system-wide identification of cleavage events and their dynamics in physiological contexts. Despite recent advances in mass spectrometry-based proteomics for high-throughput substrate screening, current approaches suffer from high false positive rates and only capture single states of protease activity. Here, we present a workflow based on multiplexed terminal amine isotopic labeling of substrates for time-resolved substrate degradomics in complex proteomes. This approach significantly enhances confidence in substrate identification and categorizes cleavage events by specificity and structural accessibility of the cleavage site. We demonstrate concomitant quantification of cleavage site spanning peptides and neo-N and/or neo-C termini to estimate relative ratios of noncleaved and cleaved forms of substrate proteins. By applying this strategy to dissect the matrix metalloproteinase 10 (MMP10) substrate degradome in fibroblast secretomes, we identified the extracellular matrix protein ADAMTS-like protein 1 (ADAMTSL1) as a direct MMP10 substrate and revealed MMP10-dependent ectodomain shedding of platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) as well as sequential processing of type I collagen. The data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium with identifier PXD000503.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Schlage
- ETH Zurich, Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Schafmattstr. 22, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Abdul-Hamid M, Moustafa N. Amelioration of alloxan-induced diabetic keratopathy by beta-carotene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 66:49-59. [PMID: 24129090 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to assess the anti-keratopathy activity of β-carotene in experimentally-induced diabetic animal model. The rats were divided into four groups as following: G1, normal control group; G2, β-carotene control group (50 mg/kg b.wt.); G3, diabetic group which was injected intraperitoneally with a single dose (100 mg/kg b. wt) of alloxan (ALX) and G4, diabetic rats treated with β-carotene which was injected with ALX as G3, and then received a daily oral dose of β-carotene (50 mg/kg b.wt.) for 3 months. ALX injection caused elevated levels of serum glucose in diabetic group. Moreover, histopathology revealed relatively thick corneal epithelium, ill-defined Bowman's membrane, widely spaced stromal layers and relatively thick Descemet's membrane. Electron microscopic studies showed vacuolated cytoplasm, partial loss of hemi-desmosomes and disorganized collagen fibrils with focal lysis of stromal layer. Oral gavage of β-carotene to diabetic rats for 3 months significantly decreased serum glucose level and ameliorated histopathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural results. Consequently, β-carotene exerted anti-keratopathy effects and ameliorated the corneal changes in diabetic rats via its hypoglycemic and antioxidant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Abdul-Hamid
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.
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Chan CC, Squissato V. Keratoconus and crosslinking: pharmacokinetic considerations. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2013; 9:1613-24. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2013.834886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
Dry eye is a common ocular surface inflammatory disease that significantly affects quality of life. Dysfunction of the lacrimal function unit (LFU) alters tear composition and breaks ocular surface homeostasis, facilitating chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Accordingly, the most effective treatments to date are geared towards reducing inflammation and restoring normal tear film. The pathogenic role of CD4+ T cells is well known, and the field is rapidly realizing the complexity of other innate and adaptive immune factors involved in the development and progression of disease. The data support the hypothesis that dry eye is a localized autoimmune disease originating from an imbalance in the protective immunoregulatory and proinflammatory pathways of the ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Stern
- Biological Sciences, Inflammation Research Program, Allergan Inc., Irvine, CA 92612, USA. stern
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Hampel U, Klonisch T, Sel S, Schulze U, Garreis F, Seitmann H, Zouboulis CC, Paulsen FP. Insulin-like factor 3 promotes wound healing at the ocular surface. Endocrinology 2013; 154:2034-45. [PMID: 23539510 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tear fluid is known to contain many different hormones with relevance for ocular surface homeostasis. We studied the presence and functional role of insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) and its cognate receptor RXFP2 (relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 2) at the ocular surface and in tears. Expression of human INSL3 and RXFP2 was determined in tissues of the ocular surface and lacrimal apparatus; in human corneal (HCE), conjunctival (HCjE), and sebaceous (SC) epithelial cell lines; and in human tears by RT-PCR and ELISA. We investigated effects of human recombinant INSL3 (hrINSL3) on cell proliferation and cell migration and the influence of hrINSL3 on the expression of MMP2, -9, and -13 and TIMP1 and -2 was quantified by real-time PCR and ELISA in HCE, HCjE, and SC cells. We used a C57BL/6 mouse corneal defect model to elucidate the effect of topical application of hrINSL3 on corneal wound healing. INSL3 and RXFP2 transcripts and INSL3 protein were detected in all tissues and cell lines investigated. Significantly higher concentrations of INSL3 were detected in tears from male vs. female volunteers. Stimulation of HCE, HCjE, and SC with hrINSL3 significantly increased cell proliferation in HCjE and SC and migration of HCjE. Treatment with hrINSL3 for 24 hours regulated MMP2, TIMP1, and TIMP2 expression. The local application of hrINSL3 onto denuded corneal surface resulted in significantly accelerated corneal wound healing in mice. These findings suggest a novel and gender-specific role for INSL3 and cognate receptor RXFP2 signaling in ocular surface homeostasis and determined a novel role for hrINSL3 in corneal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Hampel
- Department of Anatomy II, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Faculty of Medicine, Universitätsstrasse 19, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Zhou HY, Hao JL, Bi MM, Wang S, Zhang H, Zhang WS. Molecular mechanism of the inhibition effect of Lipoxin A4 on corneal dissolving pathology process. Int J Ophthalmol 2013; 6:39-43. [PMID: 23550231 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2013.01.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Excessive dissolve of corneal tissue induced by MMPs which were activated by cytokins and chemokines will lead to corneal ulcer. The molecular mechanism of Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) on corneal collagen degradation in three dimensions was investigated. METHODS Rabbit corneal fibroblasts were harvested and suspended in serum-free MEM. Type I collagen, DMEM, collagen reconstitution buffer and corneal fibroblast suspension were mixed on ice. The resultant mixture solidified in an incubator, after which test reagents and plasminogen was overlaid and the cultures were returned to the incubator. The supernatants from collagen gel incubations were collected and the amount of hydroxyproline in the hydrolysate was measured. Immunoblot analysis of MMP-1, -3 and TMMP-1,-2 was performed. MMP-2,-9 was detected by the method of Gelatin zymography. Cytotoxicity assay was measured. RESULTS LXA4 inhibited corneal collagen degradation in a dose and time manner. LXA4 inhibited the IL-1β induced increases in the pro-MMP-1, -2, -3, -9 and active MMP-1, -2, -3, -9 in a concentration dependent manner. LXA4 could also inhibit the IL-1β induced increases in TIMP-1, -2. CONCLUSION As a potent anti-inflammation reagent, LXA4 can inhibit corneal collagen degradation induced by IL-1β in corneal fibroblasts thus inhibiting corneal dissolving pathology process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
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The Practical Detection of MMP-9 Diagnoses Ocular Surface Disease and May Help Prevent Its Complications. Cornea 2013; 32:211-6. [DOI: 10.1097/ico.0b013e3182541e9a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Benito MJ, Calder V, Corrales RM, García-Vázquez C, Narayanan S, Herreras JM, Stern ME, Calonge M, Enríquez-de-Salamanca A. Effect of TGF-β on ocular surface epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2012; 107:88-100. [PMID: 23220729 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2012.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A role for transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in the pathogenesis of some ocular surface diseases has been proposed. We determined if secretion of TGF-β and expression of TGF-β receptors RI, RII, and RIII by human ocular surface epithelial cells were modified under inflammatory conditions. We also determined how these cells responded to TGF-β. A human corneal epithelial (HCE) cell line and a conjunctival epithelial cell line (IOBA-NHC) were exposed to TGF-β1 and -β2 and to proinflammatory cytokines. TGF-β receptor mRNAs were analyzed by real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in both cell lines, and in conjunctival, limbal, and corneal epithelial cells from post-mortem human specimens. Expression of TGF-β receptors and pSMAD2/SMAD2 were determined by Western blot and immunofluorescence assays. Secretion of TGF-β isoforms, cytokine/chemokine, and metalloproteinases (MMPs) were analyzed in cell supernatants by immunobead-based assays. Secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor (SLPI) secretion was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. TGF-β isoform and receptor gene expression was determined by RT-PCR in conjunctival epithelium of dry eye (DE) patients and healthy subjects. Our results showed that TGF-β RI expression was down-regulated with IL-4 exposure, whereas TGF-β RII and TGF-β2 were upregulated by TNF-α in HCE cells. TGF-β RIII receptor expression was upregulated in IOBA-NHC cells by TNF-α and IFN-γ. SMAD2 phosphorylation occurred in HCE and IOBA-NHC cells after TGF-β treatment. TGF-β significantly up- and down-regulated secretion of several cytokines/chemokines by both cell lines and MMP by HCE cells. TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 were upregulated and TGF-β RIII mRNA was down-regulated in DE conjunctival epithelium. These results show that TGF-β plays an important role in directing local inflammatory responses in ocular surface epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jesús Benito
- IOBA-University of Valladolid, Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Belén 17, Valladolid E-47011, Spain
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Zhang WS, Hao JL, Wang S, Bi MM, Zhang H, Zhou HY. Molecular mechanism of the inhibition effect of Celecoxib on corneal collagen degradation in three dimensions. Int J Ophthalmol 2012; 5:434-9. [PMID: 22937501 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2012.04.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To clarify the molecular mechanism of Celecoxib on corneal collagen degradation and corneal ulcer. METHODS Rabbit corneal fibroblasts were harvested and suspended in serum-free MEM. Type I collagen, DMEM, collagen reconstitution buffer and corneal fibroblast suspension were mixed on ice. The resultant mixture solidify in an incubator, after which test reagents and plasminogen was overlaid and the cultures were returned to the incubator. The supernatants from collagen gel incubations were collected and the amount of hydroxyproline in the hydrolysate was measured. Immunoblot analysis of MMP1, 3 and TIMP1, 2 was performed. MMP2, 9 was detected by the method of Gelatin zymography. Cytotoxicity Assay was measured. RESULTS Celecoxib inhibited corneal collagen degradation in a dose and time manner; Celecoxib inhibited the IL-1ß induced increases in proMMP1, 2, 3, 9 and active MMP1, 2, 3, 9 in a concentration-depended manner. Celecoxib can also inhibit the IL-1ß induced increases in the TIMP1, 2. CONCLUSION Celecoxib can inhibit corneal collagen degradation induced by IL-1β, this effect is the consequence of the reduction of MMP1, 2, 3, 9 and TIMP1, 2. The results of the present study provide new insight into Celecoxib in corneal ulcer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Song Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
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Xiong W, Meisinger T, Knispel R, Worth JM, Baxter BT. MMP-2 regulates Erk1/2 phosphorylation and aortic dilatation in Marfan syndrome. Circ Res 2012; 110:e92-e101. [PMID: 22550139 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.268268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Aneurysm and dissection of the ascending thoracic aorta are the main cardiovascular complications of Marfan syndrome (MFS) resulting in premature death. Studies using mouse models of MFS have shown that activation of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and the concomitant upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute to aneurysm development. Our previous study showed that doxycycline delayed aneurysm rupture in a mouse model of MFS, Fbn1(mgR/mgR). Losartan has been shown to prevent aneurysms in another mouse model of MFS, Fbn1(C1039G/+), through inhibition of the Erk1/2 pathway. However, the role of MMP-2 in MFS and effect of losartan on the lifespan of MFS mice remain unknown. OBJECTIVE We investigated the role of MMP-2 in MFS and compared the effects of losartan and doxycycline on aortic dilatation and survival in Fbn1(mgR/mgR) mice. METHODS AND RESULTS By life table analysis, we found that losartan and doxycycline improved the survival of Fbn1(mgR/mgR) mice. Gelatin zymography and Western blot data showed that only doxycycline inhibited MMP-2 expression, whereas both drugs decreased Erk1/2 phosphorylation. When combined, only one of nine mice died within the 30-week study; aortic histology and diameter were normalized and the effects on Smad2 phosphorylation was additive. To further explore the role of MMP-2 in MFS, we created MMP-2-deficient Fbn1(mgR/mgR) mice. MMP-2 deletion inhibited activation of TGF-β and phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and Smad2 and prolonged the lifespan of the mice. CONCLUSIONS These studies demonstrated that inhibition of MMP-2 by doxycycline delayed the manifestations of MFS, in part, through its ability to decrease active TGF-β and the noncanonical signaling cascade downstream of TGF-β. This study further suggested that targeting TGF-β signaling at different points might be a more effective strategy for inhibiting disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanfen Xiong
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-7690, USA.
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Complex Regulation of the Pericellular Proteolytic Microenvironment during Tumor Progression and Wound Repair: Functional Interactions between the Serine Protease and Matrix Metalloproteinase Cascades. Biochem Res Int 2012; 2012:454368. [PMID: 22454771 PMCID: PMC3290807 DOI: 10.1155/2012/454368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial and temporal regulation of the pericellular proteolytic environment by local growth factors, such as EGF and TGF-β, initiates a wide repertoire of cellular responses coupled to a plasmin/matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) dependent stromal-remodeling axis. Cell motility and invasion, tumor metastasis, wound healing, and organ fibrosis, for example, represent diverse events controlled by expression of a subset of genes that encode various classes of tissue remodeling proteins. These include members of the serine protease and MMP families that functionally constitute a complex system of interacting protease cascades and titrated by their respective inhibitors. Several structural components of the extracellular matrix are upregulated by TGF-β as are matrix-active proteases (e.g., urokinase (uPA), plasmin, MMP-1, -3, -9, -10, -11, -13, -14). Stringent controls on serine protease/MMP expression and their topographic activity are essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis. Targeting individual elements in this highly interactive network may lead to novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of cancer, fibrotic diseases, and chronic wounds.
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Z Hosaka Y, Ishibashi M, Wakamatsu JI, Uehara M, Nishimura T. Myostatin regulates proliferation and extracellular matrix mRNA expression in NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Biomed Res 2012; 33:355-61. [DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.33.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Influence of thrombophlebitis on TGF-β1 and its signaling pathway in the vein wall. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2011; 48:542-8. [PMID: 21478096 DOI: 10.2478/v10042-010-0041-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive extracellular matrix remodeling of the vein wall is involved in varicose veins pathogenesis. This process is controlled by numerous factors, including peptide growth factors. The aim of the study was to evaluate influence of thrombophlebitis on TGF-β1 and its signaling pathway in the vein wall. TGF-β1 mRNAlevels, growth factor content and its expression were evaluated by RT-PCR, ELISA, and western blot methods, respectively, in the walls of normal veins, varicose veins and varicose veins complicated by thrombophlebitis. Western blot analysis was used to assess TGF-β receptor type II (TGF-β RII) and p-Smad2/3 protein expression in the investigated material. Unchanged mRNA levels of TGF-β1, decreased TGF-β1 content, as well as decreased expression of latent and active forms of TGF-β1 were found in varicose veins. Increased expression of TGF-β RII and p-Smad2/3 were found in varicose veins. Thrombophlebitis led to increased protein expression of the TGF-β1 active form and p-Smad2/3 in the vein wall compared to varicose veins. TGF-β1 may play a role in the disease pathogenesis because of increased expression and activation of its receptor in the wall of varicose veins. Thrombophlebitis accelerates activation of TGF-β1 and activity of its receptor in the varicose vein wall.
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