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Yao F, Zhang X, Yao X, Ren X, Xia X, Jiang J, Ding L. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Activation Protects Retinal Ganglion Cells in Ischemia-Reperfusion Retinas. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:788663. [PMID: 35004756 PMCID: PMC8732875 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.788663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Retinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) leads to massive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and characterizes several blind-causing ophthalmic diseases. However, the mechanism related to retinal IR is controversial, and a drug that could prevent the RGC loss caused by IR is still lacking. This study aimed to investigate the role of endogenous retinal peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α and the therapeutic effect of its agonist, fenofibric acid (FA), in IR-related retinopathy. Materials and Methods: Fenofibric acid treatment was applied to the Sprague-Dawley rats with IR and retinal cell line 28 cells with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) (an in vitro model of IR). Western blotting, real-time PCR, and immunofluorescence were used to examine the expression levels of PPARα, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2). Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, propidium iodide (PI) staining, retrograde tracing, and flash visual-evoked potential (FVEP) were applied to assess RGC injury and visual function. Results: Retinal IR down-regulated PPARα expression in vitro and in vivo. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α activation by FA promoted survival of RGCs, mitigated thinning of the ganglion cell complex, and decreased the latency of positive waves of FVEPs after IR injury. Further, FA treatment enhanced the expression of endogenous PPARα and suppressed the expression of GFAP and COX2 significantly. Conclusion: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α activation by FA is protective against RGC loss in retinal IR condition, which may occur by restoring PPARα expression, inhibiting activation of glial cells, and suppressing retinal inflammation. All these findings indicate the translational potential of FA in treating IR-related retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yao
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Xueyan Yao
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohua Ren
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Department of Human Resource, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Department of Human Resource, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Lexi Ding
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
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Wang F, Ma F, Song Y, Li N, Li X, Pang Y, Hu P, Shao A, Deng C, Zhang X. Topical administration of rapamycin promotes retinal ganglion cell survival and reduces intraocular pressure in a rat glaucoma model. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 884:173369. [PMID: 32712092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy that has become the most common cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Studies have shown that the protein mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a central role in regulating numerous functions, such as growth, proliferation, cytoskeletal organization, metabolism, and autophagy. Clinical trials have shown that Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitors reduced intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension (OHT). In this study, we explored whether rapamycin (RAPA) eye drops can reduce IOP and protect retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Our results indicated that in rats treated with RAPA, the drug was detected in the aqueous humor (AH), and the IOP was reduced. This may be related to the inhibition of RhoA protein activation by RAPA and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton in trabecular meshwork (TM) cells. In addition, the retinal thickness and the survival rate of RGCs were significantly reduced in the OHT group compared with the control group. These changes in the OHT group were significantly improved after treatment with RAPA. This may be because RAPA inhibited the activation of glial cells and the release of proinflammatory factors, thereby attenuating further damage to the retina and RGCs. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrated that RAPA not only reduced IOP but also protected RGCs, suggesting that RAPA is likely to be an effective strategy for the treatment of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nanchang, China
| | - Fangli Ma
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuning Song
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nanchang, China; Queen Mary School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ningfeng Li
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiongfeng Li
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nanchang, China
| | - Yulian Pang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nanchang, China
| | - Piaopiao Hu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nanchang, China
| | - An Shao
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nanchang, China; Queen Mary School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Cong Deng
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nanchang, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nanchang, China.
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Luo H, Zhuang J, Hu P, Ye W, Chen S, Pang Y, Li N, Deng C, Zhang X. Resveratrol Delays Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss and Attenuates Gliosis-Related Inflammation From Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:3879-3888. [PMID: 30073348 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-23806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Resveratrol has been shown to enhance the survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) following ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury for glaucoma. However, the precise mechanisms for resveratrol's protective effects are still unclear. The aim of this study is to determine whether resveratrol can inhibit RGC apoptosis, retinal gliosis, and inflammation, all of which are critical events in retinal degeneration following I/R injury. Methods Right retinal ischemia was induced in adult male Sprague Dawley rats by increasing intraocular pressure to 110 mm Hg for 60 minutes, and the left eyes maintained at normal pressure serve as the control. Intraperitoneal injection of resveratrol or control buffer was performed continuously for 3 days from pre- to post-I/R injury and the protective effects were evaluated and compared. RGCs were retrogradely labeled with Fluoro-Gold by injection into superior colliculi. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining. Western blotting and immunostaining for Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 were used to explore the Bax-associated apoptotic pathway. Gliosis was assessed by western blotting and immunostaining of retinal cross sections with anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibodies. Results In this study, resveratrol treatment significantly reduced retinal damage and RGC loss as demonstrated by the relatively intact tissue structure in hematoxylin and eosin staining at day 7 and increased Fluoro-Gold labeling of RGCs at day 14, respectively. We found that resveratrol exhibited an anti-apoptotic effect as assessed by reduced TUNEL staining, inhibition of the early upregulated expression of the apoptosis-related protein Bax, and decreased subsequently cleaved caspase-3. However, it did not affect Bcl-2 levels. Moreover, in our I/R injury model, the combined response of reactive gliosis and related inflammation, which were demonstrated by an early induction of pro-inflammatory mediators and subsequently increased GFAP level, were significantly attenuated after resveratrol treatment. Conclusions These results demonstrate that resveratrol can prevent RGC death by blocking the Bax-caspase-3-dependent apoptotic pathway and suppressed gliosis-related inflammation in the retina after I/R injury. Together these results support the use of resveratrol as a possible therapeutic strategy for glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongdou Luo
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiejie Zhuang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Piaopiao Hu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Ye
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yulian Pang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ningfeng Li
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Cong Deng
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Li N, Wang F, Zhang Q, Jin M, Lu Y, Chen S, Guo C, Zhang X. Rapamycin mediates mTOR signaling in reactive astrocytes and reduces retinal ganglion cell loss. Exp Eye Res 2018; 176:10-19. [PMID: 29928901 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Damage and loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) can cause visual impairment. The underlying molecular mechanisms that mediate RGC death in ischemic retinal diseases are still unclear. In this study, we sought to understand the neuroprotective effect of rapamycin, the selective inhibitor of mTORC1, on RGC survival and the cellular mechanics that mediate this effect. Recent studies have reported that the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor shows an increase in expression in astrocytes after injury, and this receptor can promote their transformation into reactive astrocytes. Our results, along with previous works from others, show the colocalization of phosphor-EGF receptors with the astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic proteins in reactive astrocytes in the injured retina. In our in vitro studies, using primary astrocyte cultures of the optic nerve head of rats, showed that rapamycin significantly blocked EGF-induced mTOR signaling mainly through the PI3K/Akt pathway in primary astrocytes, but not through the MAPK/Erk pathway. Additionally, rapamycin dramatically inhibited the activation of mTOR signaling in our ratinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury model in vivo. Astrocyte activation was assessed by immunostaining retinal flat mounts or cross sections with antibody against GFAP, and we also used western blots to detect the expression of GFAP. Taken together, these results revealed that rapamycin decreases the activation of astrocytes after retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Furthermore, rapamycin can improve retinal RGC survival in rats during I/R, as detected by FluoroGold labeling. Our data reveals the neuroprotective effects of rapamycin in an experimental retina injury model, possibly through decreasing glial-dependent intracellular signaling mechanisms for suppressing apoptosis of RGCs. Our study also presents an approach to targeting reactive astrocytes for the treatment of optic neurodegenerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningfeng Li
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qinglin Zhang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ming Jin
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Cuiju Guo
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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5
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Lanciotti A, Brignone MS, Visentin S, De Nuccio C, Catacuzzeno L, Mallozzi C, Petrini S, Caramia M, Veroni C, Minnone G, Bernardo A, Franciolini F, Pessia M, Bertini E, Petrucci TC, Ambrosini E. Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts protein-1 regulates epidermal growth factor receptor signaling in astrocytes. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:1543-58. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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6
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Yu Y, Chen H, Su SB. Neuroinflammatory responses in diabetic retinopathy. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:141. [PMID: 26245868 PMCID: PMC4527131 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0368-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes and has been recognized as a vascular dysfunction leading to blindness in working-age adults. It becomes increasingly clear that neural cells in retina play an important role in the pathogenesis of DR. Neural retina located at the back of the eye is part of the brain and a representative of the central nervous system. The neurosensory deficits seen in DR are related to inflammation and occur prior to the clinically identifiable vascular complications. The neural deficits are associated with abnormal reactions of retina glial cells and neurons in response to hyperglycemia. Improper activation of the innate immune system may also be an important contributor to the pathophysiology of DR. Therefore, DR manifests characteristics of both vasculopathy and chronic neuroinflammatory diseases. In this article, we attempt to provide an overview of the current understanding of inflammation in neural retina abnormalities in diabetes. Inhibition of neuroinflammation may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to the prevention of the progression of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 S Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Hui Chen
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Shao Bo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 S Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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7
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8
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Wong M, Li Y, Li S, Zhang S, Li W, Zhang P, Chen C, Barnstable CJ, Zhang SS, Zhang C, Huang P. Therapeutic Retrobulbar Inhibition of STAT3 Protects Ischemic Retina Ganglion Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:1364-1377. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8945-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Yang XT, Huang GH, Feng DF, Chen K. Insight into astrocyte activation after optic nerve injury. J Neurosci Res 2014; 93:539-48. [PMID: 25257183 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Tao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, No. 3 People's Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Guo-Hui Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, No. 3 People's Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Dong-Fu Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, No. 3 People's Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
- Institute of Traumatic Medicine; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Kui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, No. 3 People's Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
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Lipopolysaccharide differentially modulates expression of cytokines and cyclooxygenases in dorsal root ganglion cells via Toll-like receptor-4 dependent pathways. Neuroscience 2014; 267:241-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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The upregulation of translocator protein (18 kDa) promotes recovery from neuropathic pain in rats. J Neurosci 2013; 33:1540-51. [PMID: 23345228 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0324-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, effective drug for treatment of neuropathic pain is still lacking. Recent studies have shown that the ligands of translocator protein (TSPO, 18 kDa), a peripheral receptor for benzodiazepine, modulate inflammatory pain. Here, we report that TSPO was upregulated in astrocytes and microglia in the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn of rats following L5 spinal nerve ligation (L5 SNL), lasting until the vanishing of the behavioral signs of neuropathic pain (∼50 d). Importantly, a single intrathecal injection of specific TSPO agonists Ro5-4864 or FGIN-1-27 at 7 and 21 d after L5 SNL depressed the established mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia dramatically, and the effect was abolished by pretreatment with AMG, a neurosteroid synthesis inhibitor. Mechanically, Ro5-4864 substantially inhibited spinal astrocytes but not microglia, and reduced the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in vivo and in vitro. The anti-neuroinflammatory effect was also prevented by AMG. Interestingly, TSPO expression returned to control levels or decreased substantially, when neuropathic pain healed naturally or was reversed by Ro5-4864, suggesting that the role of TSPO upregulation might be to promote recovery from the neurological disorder. Finally, the neuropathic pain and the upregulation of TSPO by L5 SNL were prevented by pharmacological blockage of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). These data suggested that TSPO might be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Chung CK, Ge W. Epidermal growth factor differentially regulates activin subunits in the zebrafish ovarian follicle cells via diverse signaling pathways. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 361:133-42. [PMID: 22503865 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) promotes oocyte maturation in the zebrafish and its effect is mediated via the activin system. However, the mechanisms by which EGF regulates activin subunits in the follicle cells remain unknown. The present study demonstrated that EGF controlled expression of three activin subunits (inhbaa, inhbab and inhbb) in the follicle cells via diverse signaling pathways. The expression of inhbaa and inhbb was often co-regulated via similar pathways. Suppression of MAPK3/1, p38 MAPK, PKC and PKA each blocked or partially reduced the stimulatory effects of EGF on the expression of inhbaa and inhbb while up-regulated that of inhbab. Conversely, inhibition of PI3K did not have any effect on the expression of inhbaa and inhbb but significantly suppressed the stimulatory effect of EGF on inhbab. In summary, EGF action in the zebrafish ovary involves activin system and its regulation of activin subunits is mediated by diverse signaling pathways downstream of EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Kin Chung
- School of Life Sciences and Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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13
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Carrero I, Gonzalo M, Martin B, Sanz-Anquela J, Arévalo-Serrano J, Gonzalo-Ruiz A. Oligomers of beta-amyloid protein (Aβ1-42) induce the activation of cyclooxygenase-2 in astrocytes via an interaction with interleukin-1beta, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and a nuclear factor kappa-B mechanism in the rat brain. Exp Neurol 2012; 236:215-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sabri A, Ziaee AA, Ostad SN, Alimoghadam K, Ghahremani MH. Crosstalk of EGF-directed MAPK signalling pathways and its potential role on EGF-induced cell proliferation and COX-2 expression in human mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2011; 29:64-70. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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15
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Sharif A, Prevot V. ErbB receptor signaling in astrocytes: a mediator of neuron-glia communication in the mature central nervous system. Neurochem Int 2010; 57:344-58. [PMID: 20685225 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are now recognized as active players in the developing and mature central nervous system. Each astrocyte contacts vascular structures and thousands of synapses within discrete territories. These cells receive a myriad of inputs and generate appropriate responses to regulate the function of brain microdomains. Emerging evidence has implicated receptors of the ErbB tyrosine kinase family in the integration and processing of neuronal inputs by astrocytes: ErbB receptors can be activated by a wide range of neuronal stimuli; they control critical steps of glutamate-glutamine metabolism; and they regulate the biosynthesis and release of various glial-derived neurotrophic factors, gliomediators and gliotransmitters. These key properties of astrocytic ErbB signaling in neuron-glia interactions have significance for the physiology of the mature central nervous system, as exemplified by the central control of reproduction within the hypothalamus, and are also likely to contribute to pathological situations, since both dysregulation of ErbB signaling and glial dysfunction occur in many neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Sharif
- Inserm, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, U837, Development and Plasticity of the postnatal Brain, Lille, France.
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Båge T, Lindberg J, Lundeberg J, Modéer T, Yucel-Lindberg T. Signal pathways JNK and NF-kappaB, identified by global gene expression profiling, are involved in regulation of TNFalpha-induced mPGES-1 and COX-2 expression in gingival fibroblasts. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:241. [PMID: 20398340 PMCID: PMC2873473 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is involved in several chronic inflammatory diseases including periodontitis, which causes loss of the gingival tissue and alveolar bone supporting the teeth. We have previously shown that tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) induces PGE2 synthesis in gingival fibroblasts. In this study we aimed to investigate the global gene expression profile of TNFα-stimulated primary human gingival fibroblasts, focusing on signal pathways related to the PGE2-synthesizing enzymes prostaglandin E synthases (PGES), as well as the upstream enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and PGE2 production. Results Microarray and western blot analyses showed that the mRNA and protein expression of the inflammatory induced microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) was up-regulated by the cytokine TNFα, accompanied by enhanced expression of COX-2 and increased production of PGE2. In contrast, the expression of the isoenzymes microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-2 (mPGES-2) and cytosolic prostaglandin E synthase (cPGES) was unaffected by TNFα treatment. Using oligonucleotide microarray analysis in a time-course factorial design including time points 1, 3 and 6 h, differentially expressed genes in response to TNFα treatment were identified. Enrichment analysis of microarray data indicated two positively regulated signal transduction pathways: c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB). To evaluate their involvement in the regulation of mPGES-1 and COX-2 expression, we used specific inhibitors as well as phosphorylation analysis. Phosphorylation analysis of JNK (T183/Y185) and NF-κB p65 (S536) showed increased phosphorylation in response to TNFα treatment, which was decreased by specific inhibitors of JNK (SP600125) and NF-κB (Bay 11-7082, Ro 106-9920). Inhibitors of JNK and NF-κB also decreased the TNFα-stimulated up-regulation of mPGES-1 and COX-2 as well as PGE2 production. Conclusion In the global gene expression profile, the enrichment analysis of microarray data identified the two signal transduction pathways JNK and NF-κB as positively regulated by the cytokine TNFα. Inhibition of these TNFα-activated signal pathways reduced the expression of mPGES-1 and COX-2 as well as their end product PGE2 in gingival fibroblasts. The involvement of the signal pathways JNK and NF-κB in the regulation of PGE2 induced by TNFα may suggest these two pathways as possible attractive targets in the chronic inflammatory disease periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tove Båge
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
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Husvik C, Bryne M, Halstensen TS. Epidermal growth factor-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines is mediated through extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 but is Src and nuclear factor-kappa B independent. Eur J Oral Sci 2009; 117:528-35. [PMID: 19758248 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2009.00669.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular signalling cascade(s) mediating epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is poorly defined in oral carcinomas. Investigation of two different oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines with high EGF-induced COX-2 expression revealed, however, that this expression was dependent on two mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways [extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38] because combined inhibition of these pathways was needed to abolish EGF-induced COX-2 expression. Surprisingly, inhibition of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) increased EGF-induced COX-2 expression in the basaloid OSCC cell line (C12), suggesting a PI3K-controlled, inhibitory COX-2-regulating pathway. Neither the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), nor Src, was involved in EGF-induced COX-2 expression. The results suggest that EGF-induced COX-2 expression is regulated by several pathways, and emphasizes that individual tumors use different strategies for intracellular signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Husvik
- Laboratory for mucosal immunology (LMI), Department of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Abstract
Glaucomatous vision loss results from the progressive degeneration of optic nerve axons and the death of retinal ganglion cells. This process is accompanied by dramatic alterations in the functional properties and distribution of glial cells in both the retina and the optic nerve head in a reaction commonly referred to as glial activation. The recent availability of rodent and cell culture glaucoma models has substantially contributed to our knowledge of glial activation under glaucomatous conditions. Conclusions drawn from these studies have led to the refinement of existing hypotheses and the generation of new ones. Because these hypotheses encompass both protective and injurious roles for glia, the impact of specific aspects of glial activation are current topics of intensive research, speculation, and debate in the field. With these unresolved issues in mind, this review will summarize recent progress in our understanding of the process of glial activation in the glaucomatous optic nerve head and retina.
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Azakir BA, Angers A. Reciprocal regulation of the ubiquitin ligase Itch and the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. Cell Signal 2009; 21:1326-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Revised: 03/18/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Jia RP, Xu LW, Su Q, Zhao JH, Li WC, Wang F, Xu Z. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is dependent upon epidermal growth factor receptor expression or activation in androgen independent prostate cancer. Asian J Androl 2008; 10:758-64. [PMID: 18645679 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7262.2008.00423.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the possible mechanism in the development in androgen independent prostate cancer (AIPC). METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin-embedded sections with goat polyclonal against COX-2 and mouse monoclonal antibody against EGFR in 30 AIPC and 18 androgen dependent prostate cancer (ADPC) specimens. The effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatments on the expression of COX-2 and signal pathway in PC-3 and DU-145 cells was studied using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. ELISA was used to measure prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in the media of PC-3 and DU-145 incubated with EGF for 24 h. RESULTS COX-2 was positively expressed in AIPC and ADPC, which were predominantly in endochylema of prostate cancer (PCa) cells. Intense staining was seen in AIPC (80%) and in ADPC (55.5%), but there was no significant association between the two groups. EGFR expression was also positive in the two groups (61.8% in ADPC and 90% in AIPC, P < 0.01). A significant association was found between EGFR expression and a higher Gleason score (P < 0.05) or tumor stage (P < 0.05). The expression of PGE2 was increased in PC-3 and DU-145 cells after being incubated with EGF. Both p38MAPK and PI-3K pathway were involved in the PC-3 cell COX-2 upregulation course. In DU-145, only p38MAPK pathway was associated with COX-2 upregulation. CONCLUSION EGFR activation induces COX-2 expression through PI-3K and/or p38MAPK pathways. COX-2 and EGFR inhibitors might have a cooperative anti-tumor effect in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Peng Jia
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent studies show that peripheral injury activates both neuronal and nonneuronal or glial components of the peripheral and central cellular circuitry. The subsequent neuron-glia interactions contribute to pain hypersensitivity. This review will briefly discuss novel findings that have shed light on the cellular mechanisms of neuron-glia interactions in persistent pain. RECENT FINDINGS Two fundamental questions related to neuron-glia interactions in pain mechanisms have been addressed: what are the signals that lead to central glial activation after injury and how do glial cells affect central nervous system neuronal activity and promote hyperalgesia? SUMMARY Evidence indicates that central glial activation depends on nerve inputs from the site of injury and release of chemical mediators. Hematogenous immune cells may migrate to/infiltrate the brain and circulating inflammatory mediators may penetrate the blood-brain barrier to participate in central glial responses to injury. Inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1beta released from glia may facilitate pain transmission through its coupling to neuronal glutamate receptors. This bidirectional neuron-glia signaling plays a key role in glial activation, cytokine production and the initiation and maintenance of hyperalgesia. Recognition of the contribution of the mutual neuron-glia interactions to central sensitization and hyperalgesia prompts new treatment for chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ren
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, Dental School and Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201-1586, USA
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