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Vergés C, Giménez-Capitán A, Ribas V, Salgado-Borges J, March de Ribot F, Mayo-de-Las-Casas C, Armiger-Borras N, Pedraz C, Molina-Vila MÁ. Gene expression signatures in conjunctival fornix aspirates of patients with dry eye disease associated with Meibomian gland dysfunction. A proof-of-concept study. Ocul Surf 2023; 30:42-50. [PMID: 37524297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is one of the most common conditions in ophthalmic practice and the most frequent cause of evaporative dry eye disease (DED). However, the immune mechanisms leading to this pathology are not fully understood and the diagnostic tests available are limited. Here, we used the nCounter technology to analyze immune gene expression in DED-MGD that can be used for developing diagnostic signatures for DED. METHODS Conjunctival cell samples were obtained by aspiration from patients with DED-MGD (n = 27) and asymptomatic controls (n = 22). RNA was purified, converted to cDNA, preamplified and analyzed using the Gene Expression Human Immune V2 panel (NanoString), which includes 579 target and 15 housekeeping genes. A machine learning (ML) algorithm was applied to design a signature associated with DED-MGD. RESULTS Forty-five immune genes were found upregulated in DED-MGD vs. controls, involved in eight signaling pathways, IFN I/II, MHC class I/II, immunometabolism, B cell receptor, T Cell receptor, and T helper-17 (Th-17) differentiation. Additionally, statistically significant correlations were found between 31 genes and clinical characteristics of the disease such as lid margin or tear osmolarity (Pearson's r < 0.05). ML analysis using a recursive feature elimination (RFE) algorithm selected a 4-gene mRNA signature that discriminated DED-MGD from control samples with an area under the ROC curve (AUC ROC) of 0.86 and an accuracy of 77.5%. CONCLUSIONS Multiplexed mRNA analysis of conjunctival cells can be used to analyze immune gene expression patterns in patients with DED-MGD and to generate diagnostic signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Vergés
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitari Dexeus, Area Oftalmológica Avanzada, Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ana Giménez-Capitán
- Pangaea Oncology, Laboratory of Oncology, Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica Ribas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitari Dexeus, Area Oftalmológica Avanzada, Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Salgado-Borges
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitari Dexeus, Area Oftalmológica Avanzada, Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc March de Ribot
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitari Dexeus, Area Oftalmológica Avanzada, Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Noelia Armiger-Borras
- Pangaea Oncology, Laboratory of Oncology, Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Pedraz
- Pangaea Oncology, Laboratory of Oncology, Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
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Chen C, Rong Y, Zhuang Y, Tang C, Liu Q, Lin P, Li D, Zhao X, Lu F, Qu J, Liu X. RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals an Essential Role of the cGMP-PKG-MAPK Pathways in Retinal Degeneration Caused by Cep250 Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8843. [PMID: 37240188 PMCID: PMC10218315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Usher syndrome (USH) is characterised by degenerative vision loss known as retinitis pigmentosa (RP), sensorineural hearing loss, and vestibular dysfunction. RP can cause degeneration and the loss of rod and cone photoreceptors, leading to structural and functional changes in the retina. Cep250 is a candidate gene for atypical Usher syndrome, and this study describes the development of a Cep250 KO mouse model to investigate its pathogenesis. OCT and ERG were applied in Cep250 and WT mice at P90 and P180 to access the general structure and function of the retina. After recording the ERG responses and OCT images at P90 and P180, the cone and rod photoreceptors were visualised using an immunofluorescent stain. TUNEL assays were applied to observe the apoptosis in Cep250 and WT mice retinas. The total RNA was extracted from the retinas and executed for RNA sequencing at P90. Compared with WT mice, the thickness of the ONL, IS/OS, and whole retina of Cep250 mice was significantly reduced. The a-wave and b-wave amplitude of Cep250 mice in scotopic and photopic ERG were lower, especially the a-wave. According to the immunostaining and TUNEL stain results, the photoreceptors in the Cep250 retinas were also reduced. An RNA-seq analysis showed that 149 genes were upregulated and another 149 genes were downregulated in Cep250 KO retinas compared with WT mice retinas. A KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that cGMP-PKG signalling pathways, MAPK signalling pathways, edn2-fgf2 axis pathways, and thyroid hormone synthesis were upregulated, whereas protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum was downregulated in Cep250 KO eyes. Cep250 KO mice experience a late-stage retinal degeneration that manifests as the atypical USH phenotype. The dysregulation of the cGMP-PKG-MAPK pathways may contribute to the pathogenesis of cilia-related retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; (C.C.); (Y.R.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.); (Q.L.); (P.L.); (D.L.); (X.Z.); (F.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yu Rong
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; (C.C.); (Y.R.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.); (Q.L.); (P.L.); (D.L.); (X.Z.); (F.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Youyuan Zhuang
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; (C.C.); (Y.R.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.); (Q.L.); (P.L.); (D.L.); (X.Z.); (F.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; (C.C.); (Y.R.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.); (Q.L.); (P.L.); (D.L.); (X.Z.); (F.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Qian Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; (C.C.); (Y.R.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.); (Q.L.); (P.L.); (D.L.); (X.Z.); (F.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Peng Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; (C.C.); (Y.R.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.); (Q.L.); (P.L.); (D.L.); (X.Z.); (F.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Dandan Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; (C.C.); (Y.R.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.); (Q.L.); (P.L.); (D.L.); (X.Z.); (F.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; (C.C.); (Y.R.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.); (Q.L.); (P.L.); (D.L.); (X.Z.); (F.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Fan Lu
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; (C.C.); (Y.R.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.); (Q.L.); (P.L.); (D.L.); (X.Z.); (F.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Jia Qu
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; (C.C.); (Y.R.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.); (Q.L.); (P.L.); (D.L.); (X.Z.); (F.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xinting Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; (C.C.); (Y.R.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.); (Q.L.); (P.L.); (D.L.); (X.Z.); (F.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
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Yednock T, Fong DS, Lad EM. C1q and the classical complement cascade in geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration. Int J Retina Vitreous 2022; 8:79. [PMID: 36348407 PMCID: PMC9641935 DOI: 10.1186/s40942-022-00431-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a retinal neurodegenerative disorder. Human genetic data support the complement system as a key component of pathogenesis in AMD, which has been further supported by pre-clinical and recent clinical studies. However, the involvement of the different complement pathways (classical, lectin, alternative), and thus the optimal complement inhibition target, has yet to be fully defined. There is evidence that C1q, the initiating molecule of the classical pathway, is a key driver of complement activity in AMD. C1q is expressed locally by infiltrating phagocytic cells and C1q-activating ligands are present at disease onset and continue to accumulate with disease progression. The accumulation of C1q on photoreceptor synapses with age and disease is consistent with its role in synapse elimination and neurodegeneration that has been observed in other neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, genetic deletion of C1q, local pharmacologic inhibition within the eye, or genetic deletion of downstream C4 prevents photoreceptor cell damage in mouse models. Hence, targeting the classical pathway in GA could provide a more specific therapeutic approach with potential for favorable efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted Yednock
- Annexon Biosciences, 1400 Sierra Point Parkway Building C, 2nd Floor, Brisbane, CA, 94005, USA
| | - Donald S Fong
- Annexon Biosciences, 1400 Sierra Point Parkway Building C, 2nd Floor, Brisbane, CA, 94005, USA.
| | - Eleonora M Lad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, 2351 Erwin Rd, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
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Karnaukhova E. C1-Inhibitor: Structure, Functional Diversity and Therapeutic Development. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:467-488. [PMID: 34348603 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210804085636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human C1-Inhibitor (C1INH), also known as C1-esterase inhibitor, is an important multifunctional plasma glycoprotein that is uniquely involved in a regulatory network of complement, contact, coagulation, and fibrinolytic systems. C1INH belongs to a superfamily of serine proteinase inhibitor (serpins) and exhibits its inhibitory activities towards several target proteases of plasmatic cascades, operating as a major anti-inflammatory protein in the circulation. In addition to its inhibitory activities, C1INH is also involved in non-inhibitory interactions with some endogenous proteins, polyanions, cells and infectious agents. While C1INH is essential for multiple physiological processes, it is better known for its deficiency with regards to Hereditary Angioedema (HAE), a rare autosomal dominant disease clinically manifested by recurrent acute attacks of increased vascular permeability and edema. Since the link was first established between functional C1INH deficiency in plasma and HAE in the 1960s, tremendous progress has been made in the biochemical characterization of C1INH and its therapeutic development for replacement therapies in patients with C1INH-dependent HAE. Various C1INH biological activities, recent advances in the HAE-targeted therapies, and availability of C1INH commercial products have prompted intensive investigation of the C1INH potential for treatment of clinical conditions other than HAE. This article provides an updated overview of the structure and biological activities of C1INH, its role in HAE pathogenesis, and recent advances in the research and therapeutic development of C1INH; it also considers some trends for using C1INH therapeutic preparations for applications other than angioedema, from sepsis and endotoxin shock to severe thrombotic complications in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Karnaukhova
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993. United States
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Lin J, Hu J, Schlotterer A, Wang J, Kolibabka M, Awwad K, Dietrich N, Breitschopf K, Wohlfart P, Kannt A, Lorenz K, Feng Y, Popp R, Hoffmann S, Fleming I, Hammes HP. Protective effect of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibition in Retinal Vasculopathy associated with Polycystic Kidney Disease. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:7857-7871. [PMID: 32685025 PMCID: PMC7359083 DOI: 10.7150/thno.43154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Vasoregression secondary to glial activation develops in various retinal diseases, including retinal degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. Photoreceptor degeneration and subsequent retinal vasoregression, characterized by pericyte loss and acellular capillary formation in the absence diabetes, are also seen in transgenic rats expressing the polycystic kidney disease (PKD) gene. Activated Müller glia contributes to retinal vasodegeneration, at least in part via the expression of the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). Given that an increase in sEH expression triggered vascular destabilization in diabetes, and that vasoregression is similar in diabetic mice and PKD rats, the aim of the present study was to determine whether sEH inhibition could prevent retinal vasoregression in the PKD rat. Methods: One-month old male homozygous transgenic PKD rats were randomly allocated to receive vehicle or a sEH inhibitor (sEH-I; Sar5399, 30 mg/kg) for four weeks. Wild-type Sprague-Dawley (SD) littermates received vehicle as controls. Retinal sEH expression and activity were measured by Western blotting and LC-MS, and vasoregression was quantified in retinal digestion preparations. Microglial activation and immune response cytokines were assessed by immunofluorescence and quantitative PCR, respectively. 19,20-dihydroxydocosapentaenoic acid (19,20-DHDP) mediated Notch signaling, microglial activation and migration were assessed in vivo and in vitro. Results: This study demonstrates that sEH expression and activity were increased in PKD retinae, which led to elevated production of 19,20-DHDP and the depression of Notch signaling. The latter changes elicited pericyte loss and the recruitment of CD11b+/CD74+ microglia to the perivascular region. Microglial activation increased the expression of immune-response cytokines, and reduced levels of Notch3 and delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4). Treatment with Sar5399 decreased 19,20-DHDP generation and increased Notch3 expression. Sar5399 also prevented vasoregression by reducing pericyte loss and suppressed microglial activation as well as the expression of immune-response cytokines. Mechanistically, the activation of Notch signaling by Dll4 maintained a quiescent microglial cell phenotype, i.e. reduced both the surface presentation of CD74 and microglial migration. In contrast, in retinal explants, 19,20-DHDP and Notch inhibition both promoted CD74 expression and reversed the Dll4-induced decrease in migration. Conclusions: Our data indicate that 19,20-DHDP-induced alterations in Notch-signaling result in microglia activation and pericyte loss and contribute to retinal vasoregression in polycystic kidney disease. Moreover, sEH inhibition can ameliorate vasoregression through reduced activity of inflammatory microglia. sEH inhibition is thus an attractive new therapeutic approach to prevent retinal vasoregression.
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Harnessing the Potential of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells and Gene Editing for the Treatment of Retinal Degeneration. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2017; 3:112-123. [PMID: 28596937 PMCID: PMC5445184 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-017-0078-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review A major cause of visual disorders is dysfunction and/or loss of the light-sensitive cells of the retina, the photoreceptors. To develop better treatments for patients, we need to understand how inherited retinal disease mutations result in the dysfunction of photoreceptors. New advances in the field of stem cell and gene editing research offer novel ways to model retinal dystrophies in vitro and present opportunities to translate basic biological insights into therapies. This brief review will discuss some of the issues that should be taken into account when carrying out disease modelling and gene editing of retinal cells. We will discuss (i) the use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for disease modelling and cell therapy; (ii) the importance of using isogenic iPSC lines as controls; (iii) CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing of iPSCs; and (iv) in vivo gene editing using AAV vectors. Recent Findings Ground-breaking advances in differentiation of iPSCs into retinal organoids and methods to derive mature light sensitive photoreceptors from iPSCs. Furthermore, single AAV systems for in vivo gene editing have been developed which makes retinal in vivo gene editing therapy a real prospect. Summary Genome editing is becoming a valuable tool for disease modelling and in vivo gene editing in the retina.
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Lambert NG, ElShelmani H, Singh MK, Mansergh FC, Wride MA, Padilla M, Keegan D, Hogg RE, Ambati BK. Risk factors and biomarkers of age-related macular degeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2016; 54:64-102. [PMID: 27156982 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A biomarker can be a substance or structure measured in body parts, fluids or products that can affect or predict disease incidence. As age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the developed world, much research and effort has been invested in the identification of different biomarkers to predict disease incidence, identify at risk individuals, elucidate causative pathophysiological etiologies, guide screening, monitoring and treatment parameters, and predict disease outcomes. To date, a host of genetic, environmental, proteomic, and cellular targets have been identified as both risk factors and potential biomarkers for AMD. Despite this, their use has been confined to research settings and has not yet crossed into the clinical arena. A greater understanding of these factors and their use as potential biomarkers for AMD can guide future research and clinical practice. This article will discuss known risk factors and novel, potential biomarkers of AMD in addition to their application in both academic and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan G Lambert
- Ambati Lab, John A. Moran Eye Center, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Utah, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Hanan ElShelmani
- Ocular Development and Neurobiology Research Group, Zoology Department, School of Natural Sciences, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Malkit K Singh
- Ambati Lab, John A. Moran Eye Center, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Utah, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Fiona C Mansergh
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Michael A Wride
- Ocular Development and Neurobiology Research Group, Zoology Department, School of Natural Sciences, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Maximilian Padilla
- Ambati Lab, John A. Moran Eye Center, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Utah, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - David Keegan
- Mater Misericordia Hospital, Eccles St, Dublin 7, Ireland.
| | - Ruth E Hogg
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Clinical Science Block A, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, Co.Antrim, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Balamurali K Ambati
- Ambati Lab, John A. Moran Eye Center, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Utah, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Rao KN, Li L, Zhang W, Brush RS, Rajala RVS, Khanna H. Loss of human disease protein retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR) differentially affects rod or cone-enriched retina. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:1345-56. [PMID: 26908598 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
It is unclear how genes, such as RPGR (retinitis pigmentosa guanine triphosphatase regulator) that are expressed in both rods and cones, cause variable disease pathogenesis. Using transcriptomic analysis, we show that loss of RPGR in a rod-dominant mouse retina (Rpgr(ko)) results in predominant alterations in genes involved in actin cytoskeletal dynamics, prior to onset of degeneration. We validated these findings and found an increase in activated RhoA-GTP levels and polymerized F-actin in the Rpgr(ko) mouse retina. To assess the effect of the loss of RPGR in the all-cone region of the human retina, we used Nrl(-/-) (neural retina leucine zipper) mice, to generate Rpgr(ko)::Nrl(-/-) double-knock-out (Rpgr-DKO) mice. These mice exhibited supranormal cone response to light and substantially retained retinal architecture. Transcriptomic analysis revealed predominant up-regulation of retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE)-specific genes associated with visual cycle, whereas fatty acid analysis showed mild decrease in docosahexaenoic acid in the retina of the Rpgr-DKO mice when compared with the Nrl(-/-) mice. Our data reveal new insights into distinct intracellular pathways that are involved in RPGR-associated rod and cone dysfunction and provide a platform to design new treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kollu N Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation St, Albert Sherman Center AS6-2043, Worcester, MA 01605, USA and
| | - Linjing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation St, Albert Sherman Center AS6-2043, Worcester, MA 01605, USA and
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation St, Albert Sherman Center AS6-2043, Worcester, MA 01605, USA and
| | - Richard S Brush
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Raju V S Rajala
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Hemant Khanna
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation St, Albert Sherman Center AS6-2043, Worcester, MA 01605, USA and
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Dong Y, Li ZD, Fang XY, Shi XF, Chen S, Tang X. Association between SERPING1 rs2511989 polymorphism and age-related macular degeneration: Meta-analysis. Int J Ophthalmol 2015; 8:385-94. [PMID: 25938061 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2015.02.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association between SERPING1 rs2511989 (G>A) polymorphism and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS A number of electronic databases (up to July 15, 2014) were searched independently by two investigators. A Meta-analysis was performed on the association between SERPING1 rs2511989 polymorphism and AMD. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. RESULTS Eight studies with 16 cohorts consisting of 9163 cases and 6813 controls were included in this Meta-analysis. There was no significant association between rs2511989 polymorphism and AMD under all genetic models in overall estimates (A vs G: OR= 0.938, 95%CI =0.858-1.025; AA vs GG:OR =0.871, 95%CI =0.719-1.056; AG vs GG: OR =0.944, 95%CI =0.845-1.054; AA+AG vs GG: OR =0.927, 95% CI =0.823-1.044; AA vs AG+GG: OR =0.890, 95%CI =0.780-1.034). Cumulative Meta-analyses also showed a trend of no association between rs2511989 polymorphism and AMD as information accumulated by year. Subgroup analysis and Meta-regression analysis indicated that age-matching status was the main source of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis found the results in overall comparisons and subgroup comparisons of white subjects under the allele model were found to have significantly statistical differences after studies deviating from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) were excluded (overall: OR=0.918, 95%CI = 0.844-0.999, P =0.049; whites: OR =0.901, 95%CI = 0.817-0.994, P =0.038). However, the results were not sufficiently robust for further sensitivity analysis and statistical differences disappeared on applying Bonferroni correction (with a significance level set at 0.05/25). CONCLUSION This Meta-analysis indicates that SERPING1 rs2511989 polymorphism and AMD tend to have no association with each other. Age matching status is a big confounding factor, and more studies with subtle designs are warranted in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dong
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China ; Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Ze-Dong Li
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China ; Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Xin-Yu Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xue-Feng Shi
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Song Chen
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Xin Tang
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China
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Wiley LA, Burnight ER, Songstad AE, Drack AV, Mullins RF, Stone EM, Tucker BA. Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for the study and treatment of retinal degenerative diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res 2014; 44:15-35. [PMID: 25448922 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Vision is the sense that we use to navigate the world around us. Thus it is not surprising that blindness is one of people's most feared maladies. Heritable diseases of the retina, such as age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa, are the leading cause of blindness in the developed world, collectively affecting as many as one-third of all people over the age of 75, to some degree. For decades, scientists have dreamed of preventing vision loss or of restoring the vision of patients affected with retinal degeneration through drug therapy, gene augmentation or a cell-based transplantation approach. In this review we will discuss the use of the induced pluripotent stem cell technology to model and develop various treatment modalities for the treatment of inherited retinal degenerative disease. We will focus on the use of iPSCs for interrogation of disease pathophysiology, analysis of drug and gene therapeutics and as a source of autologous cells for cell transplantation and replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Wiley
- Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Erin R Burnight
- Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Allison E Songstad
- Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Arlene V Drack
- Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Robert F Mullins
- Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Edwin M Stone
- Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Budd A Tucker
- Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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11
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Warwick A, Khandhadia S, Ennis S, Lotery A. Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Disease of Systemic or Local Complement Dysregulation? J Clin Med 2014; 3:1234-57. [PMID: 26237601 PMCID: PMC4470180 DOI: 10.3390/jcm3041234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in developed countries. The role of complement in the development of AMD is now well-established. While some studies show evidence of complement dysregulation within the eye, others have demonstrated elevated systemic complement activation in association with AMD. It is unclear which one is the primary driver of disease. This has important implications for designing novel complement-based AMD therapies. We present a summary of the current literature and suggest that intraocular rather than systemic modulation of complement may prove more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alasdair Warwick
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Samir Khandhadia
- Eye Unit, University Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Sarah Ennis
- Genomic Informatics, Human Genetics & Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Andrew Lotery
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
- Eye Unit, University Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
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12
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Tucker BA, Mullins RF, Stone EM. Stem cells for investigation and treatment of inherited retinal disease. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:R9-R16. [PMID: 24647603 PMCID: PMC4170716 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vision is the most important human sense. It facilitates every major activity of daily living ranging from basic communication, mobility and independence to an appreciation of art and nature. Heritable diseases of the retina, such as age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa, are the leading cause of blindness in the developed world, collectively affecting as many as one-third of all people over the age of 75, to some degree. For decades, scientists have dreamed of preventing vision loss or of restoring the vision of patients affected with retinal degeneration through some type of drug, gene or cell-based transplantation approach. In this review, we will discuss the current literature pertaining to retinal transplantation. We will focus on the use of induced pluripotent stem cells for interrogation of disease pathophysiology, analysis of drug and gene therapeutics and as a source of autologous cells for cell replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Edwin M Stone
- Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa city, IA, USA
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13
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Ardeljan D, Chan CC. Aging is not a disease: distinguishing age-related macular degeneration from aging. Prog Retin Eye Res 2013; 37:68-89. [PMID: 23933169 PMCID: PMC3830684 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disease of the outer retina, characterized most significantly by atrophy of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium accompanied with or without choroidal neovascularization. Development of AMD has been recognized as contingent on environmental and genetic risk factors, the strongest being advanced age. In this review, we highlight pathogenic changes that destabilize ocular homeostasis and promote AMD development. With normal aging, photoreceptors are steadily lost, Bruch's membrane thickens, the choroid thins, and hard drusen may form in the periphery. In AMD, many of these changes are exacerbated in addition to the development of disease-specific factors such as soft macular drusen. Para-inflammation, which can be thought of as an intermediate between basal and robust levels of inflammation, develops within the retina in an attempt to maintain ocular homeostasis, reflected by increased expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 coupled with shifts in macrophage plasticity from the pro-inflammatory M1 to the anti-inflammatory M2 polarization. In AMD, imbalances in the M1 and M2 populations together with activation of retinal microglia are observed and potentially contribute to tissue degeneration. Nonetheless, the retina persists in a state of chronic inflammation and increased expression of certain cytokines and inflammasomes is observed. Since not everyone develops AMD, the vital question to ask is how the body establishes a balance between normal age-related changes and the pathological phenotypes in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ardeljan
- Immunopathology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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14
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Miller JW. Age-related macular degeneration revisited--piecing the puzzle: the LXIX Edward Jackson memorial lecture. Am J Ophthalmol 2013; 155:1-35.e13. [PMID: 23245386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To present the current understanding of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) pathogenesis, based on clinical evidence, epidemiologic data, histopathologic examination, and genetic data; to provide an update on current and emerging therapies; and to propose an integrated model of the pathogenesis of AMD. DESIGN Review of published clinical and experimental studies. METHODS Analysis and synthesis of clinical and experimental data. RESULTS We are closer to a complete understanding of the pathogenesis of AMD, having progressed from clinical observations to epidemiologic observations and clinical pathologic correlation. More recently, modern genetic and genomic studies have facilitated the exploration of molecular pathways. It seems that AMD is a complex disease that results from the interaction of genetic susceptibility with aging and environmental factors. Disease progression also seems to be driven by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. CONCLUSIONS Therapies based on pathophysiologic features have changed the paradigm for treating neovascular AMD. With improved understanding of the underlying genetic susceptibility, we can identify targets to halt early disease and to prevent progression and vision loss.
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15
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Troutbeck R, Al-Qureshi S, Guymer RH. Therapeutic targeting of the complement system in age-related macular degeneration: a review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2012; 40:18-26. [PMID: 22304025 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2011.02581.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has produced pivotal change in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of global blindness. In this time, the complement system has featured as a unifying theme for several elements of new evidence: initially, the discovery of complement proteins within drusen and subsequently, the association between AMD and mutations in various complement pathway genes, most notably complement factor H. Increasingly, a wealth of data are pointing towards a role for chronic local inflammation and complement activation in the patho-aetiology of AMD. These findings have paved the way for the exploration of a new paradigm of therapy in AMD management; targeting of specific molecular constituents in the complement pathway thus producing dampening or inhibition of the inflammatory response. Such an approach has the potential to intervene earlier in the disease process and ideally before vision is compromised. In this review we discuss the role of the complement system in AMD, novel therapies in preclinical evaluation and clinical trial, and whether these have a part to play in reducing the burden of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Troutbeck
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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16
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Preservation of cone photoreceptors after a rapid yet transient degeneration and remodeling in cone-only Nrl-/- mouse retina. J Neurosci 2012; 32:528-41. [PMID: 22238088 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3591-11.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cone photoreceptors are the primary initiator of visual transduction in the human retina. Dysfunction or death of rod photoreceptors precedes cone loss in many retinal and macular degenerative diseases, suggesting a rod-dependent trophic support for cone survival. Rod differentiation and homeostasis are dependent on the basic motif leucine zipper transcription factor neural retina leucine zipper (NRL). The loss of Nrl (Nrl(-/-)) in mice results in a retina with predominantly S-opsin-containing cones that exhibit molecular and functional characteristics of wild-type cones. Here, we report that Nrl(-/-) retina undergoes a rapid but transient period of degeneration in early adulthood, with cone apoptosis, retinal detachment, alterations in retinal vessel structure, and activation and translocation of retinal microglia. However, cone degeneration stabilizes by 4 months of age, resulting in a thinner but intact outer nuclear layer with residual cones expressing S- and M-opsins and a preserved photopic electroretinogram. At this stage, microglia translocate back to the inner retina and reacquire a quiescent morphology. Gene profiling analysis during the period of transient degeneration reveals misregulation of genes related to stress response and inflammation, implying their involvement in cone death. The Nrl(-/-) mouse illustrates the long-term viability of cones in the absence of rods and retinal pigment epithelium defects in a rodless retina. We propose that Nrl(-/-) retina may serve as a model for elucidating mechanisms of cone homeostasis and degeneration that would be relevant to understanding diseases of the cone-dominant human macula.
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17
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Gibson J, Hakobyan S, Cree AJ, Collins A, Harris CL, Ennis S, Morgan BP, Lotery AJ. Variation in complement component C1 inhibitor in age-related macular degeneration. Immunobiology 2012; 217:251-5. [PMID: 21852020 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2011.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed variation in plasma levels of the complement regulatorC1 inhibitor (C1inh) in patients with age related macular degeneration (AMD) and controls. Plasma from391 AMD cases and 370 controls was assayed by rate nephelometry to determine C1inh protein levels. Protein levels were analysed for relationships with age, gender, smoking, AMD disease status and genetic variation in the SERPING1 gene, which encodes C1inh, using a multivariate analysis. t-Tests show a significant difference in C1inh levels in AMD cases compared with controls (p=2.340E-6), smokers compared to non-smokers (p=1.022E-4) and females compared to males (p=1.661E-7). Multivariate analysis shows that after accounting for gender and smoking AMD status remained significant. Age was included in the model but was not significant. Including genetic variation in the model shows that one significant SNP (rs2649663) 5' of the SERPING1 gene is associated with C1inh levels though this SNP is not associated with AMD. This suggests that genetic variation in the promoter region of the SERPING1 gene may influence expression of the gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gibson
- Genetic Epidemiology & Bioinformatics Group, Human Genetics Division, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
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18
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Complementing apolipoprotein secretion by cultured retinal pigment epithelium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:18569-70. [PMID: 22065764 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1115497108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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19
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Khandhadia S, Cipriani V, Yates JRW, Lotery AJ. Age-related macular degeneration and the complement system. Immunobiology 2011; 217:127-46. [PMID: 21868123 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2011.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the developed world. It is a complex multifactorial disease, and despite new advances in treatment, many patients still succumb to visual impairment. The complement pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases, and recently variants in several genes encoding complement pathway proteins have been associated with AMD. Complement proteins have been found in histological specimens of eyes with AMD. Altered levels of both intrinsic complement proteins and activated products have been found in the circulation of patients with AMD. Complement activation may be triggered by oxidative stress, resulting from retinal exposure to incoming light; indeed an inter-play between these two pathological processes seems to exist. Finally, complement inhibitors are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. This article reviews the role of the complement system in AMD, and the potential of complement inhibition in preventing the devastating blindness resulting from this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khandhadia
- Clinical Neurosciences Division, University of Southampton, UK
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20
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Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an inflammatory disease, which causes visual impairment and blindness in older people. The proteins of the complement system are central to the development of this disease. Local and systemic inflammation in AMD are mediated by the deregulated action of the alternative pathway of the complement system. Variants in complement system genes alter an individual's risk of developing AMD. Recent studies have shown how some risk-associated genetic variants alter the function of the complement system. In this review, we describe the evolution of the complement system and bring together recent research to form a picture of how changes in complement system genes and proteins affect the function of the complement cascade, and how this affects the development of AMD. We discuss the application of this knowledge to prevention and possible future treatments of AMD.
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21
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Lee AY, Kulkarni M, Fang AM, Edelstein S, Osborn MP, Brantley MA. The effect of genetic variants in SERPING1 on the risk of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Br J Ophthalmol 2010; 94:915-7. [PMID: 20606025 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2009.172007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Genetic factors influence an individual's risk for developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of irreversible vision loss. Previous studies investigating the potential association between all AMD subtypes and the SERPING1 gene, which encodes a key regulator of the classic complement pathway, have yielded conflicting results. The purpose of this study is to determine whether variations in SERPING1 are associated with neovascular AMD. METHODS A total of 556 patients with neovascular AMD and 256 ethnically matched controls were genotyped for polymorphisms in SERPING1. A tagging single nucleotide polymorphism (tSNP) approach was used to cover the SERPING1 gene plus 2 kb on each side, spanning the promoter and the 3' untranslated regions. Ten SNPs with a minor allele frequency of 0.10 were covered by three tSNPs (rs1005510, rs11603020, rs2511989). RESULTS SERPING1 SNPs rs1005510 and rs2511989 were significantly associated with neovascular AMD in our cohort, with rs1005510 conferring an adverse risk effect (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.88) and rs2511989 conferring a protective effect (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.90). For both tSNPs, logistic regression of individual genotypes demonstrated statistically significant stepwise changes in the risk of developing AMD. Combined analysis of rs1005510 with variants in CFH and HTRA1 confirmed an independent risk effect. The rs11603020 variant had no effect on AMD susceptibility in this study (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.24). CONCLUSIONS The SERPING1 gene is comprehensively investigated in this study (using three tSNPs), and its genetic variants are evaluated in the largest neovascular AMD cohort to date. The hypothesis that SERPING1 has a modest effect on the risk of neovascular AMD is supported by our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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22
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Lu F, Zhao P, Fan Y, Tang S, Hu J, Liu X, Yang X, Chen Y, Li T, Lei C, Yang J, Lin Y, Ma S, Li C, Shi Y, Yang Z. An association study of SERPING1 gene and age-related macular degeneration in a Han Chinese population. Mol Vis 2010; 16:1-6. [PMID: 20062564 PMCID: PMC2803124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the complement component 1 inhibitor (SERPING1) gene have been shown to be significantly associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in Caucasian populations. A replication study of an association between these SNPs and AMD in a Chinese population is reported in this study. METHODS Six SNPs, including rs2511990, rs1005510, rs11546660, rs2511989, rs2511988, and rs4926 in SERPING1 were genotyped in a Han Chinese subject group using the SNaPshot method of ABI. This subject group was composed of 194 patients with choroidal neovascularization (CNV or wet) AMD, 78 patients with soft drusen, and 285 matched controls. P values of the SNPs were calculated using an additive model. Haplotype frequencies between cases and controls were compared by chi2 analysis. The haplotype analysis was performed using Haploview 4.0. RESULTS None of the six SNPs showed significant association with AMD. None of the major haplotypes were observed to be significantly associated with AMD or choroidal neovascularization AMD (CNV) after a stringent Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that SNPs in SERPING1 are not significantly associated with AMD in the mainland Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lu
- Center for Human Molecular Biology & Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Peiquan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinchuan Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Shibo Tang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianbin Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Center for Human Molecular Biology & Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Xian Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yiye Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Li
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuntao Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiyun Yang
- Center for Human Molecular Biology & Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Center for Human Molecular Biology & Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Shi Ma
- Center for Human Molecular Biology & Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunyong Li
- Center for Human Molecular Biology & Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Center for Human Molecular Biology & Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenglin Yang
- Center for Human Molecular Biology & Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
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23
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Freeman WM, Bixler GV, Brucklacher RM, Walsh E, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS, Bronson SK. Transcriptomic comparison of the retina in two mouse models of diabetes. J Ocul Biol Dis Infor 2009; 2:202-213. [PMID: 20157355 PMCID: PMC2816812 DOI: 10.1007/s12177-009-9045-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse models of type I diabetes offer the potential to combine genetic approaches with other pharmacological or physiological manipulations to investigate the pathophysiology and treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Type I diabetes is induced in mice through chemical toxins or can arise spontaneously from genetic mutations. Both models are associated with retinal vascular and neuronal changes. Retinal transcriptomic responses in C57BL/6J mice treated with streptozotocin and Ins2(Akita/+) were compared after 3 months of hyperglycemia. Specific gene expression changes suggest a neurovascular inflammatory response in diabetic retinopathy. Genes common to the two models may represent the response of the retina to hyperglycemia, while changes unique to each model may represent time-dependent disease progression differences in the various models. Further investigation of the commonalities and differences between mouse models of type I diabetes may define cause and effect events in early diabetic retinopathy disease progression. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12177-009-9045-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willard M. Freeman
- Functional Genomics Core Facility, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
- Department of Pharmacology, R130, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Georgina V. Bixler
- Functional Genomics Core Facility, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | | | - Erin Walsh
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - Scot R. Kimball
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - Leonard S. Jefferson
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - Sarah K. Bronson
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
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