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Zhang Q, Jiang Y, Deng C, Wang J. Effects and potential mechanisms of exercise and physical activity on eye health and ocular diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1353624. [PMID: 38585147 PMCID: PMC10995365 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1353624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In the field of eye health, the profound impact of exercise and physical activity on various ocular diseases has become a focal point of attention. This review summarizes and elucidates the positive effects of exercise and physical activities on common ocular diseases, including dry eye disease (DED), cataracts, myopia, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy (DR), and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). It also catalogues and offers exercise recommendations based on the varying impacts that different types and intensities of physical activities may have on specific eye conditions. Beyond correlations, this review also compiles potential mechanisms through which exercise and physical activity beneficially affect eye health. From mitigating ocular oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, reducing intraocular pressure, enhancing mitochondrial function, to promoting ocular blood circulation and the release of protective factors, the complex biological effects triggered by exercise and physical activities reveal their substantial potential in preventing and even assisting in the treatment of ocular diseases. This review aims not only to foster awareness and appreciation for how exercise and physical activity can improve eye health but also to serve as a catalyst for further exploration into the specific mechanisms and key targets through which exercise impacts ocular health. Such inquiries are crucial for advancing innovative strategies for the treatment of eye diseases, thereby holding significant implications for the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chaohua Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junming Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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2
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Hoppe C, Gregory-Ksander M. The Role of Complement Dysregulation in Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2307. [PMID: 38396986 PMCID: PMC10888626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by damage to the optic nerve that results in irreversible vision loss. While the exact pathology of glaucoma is not well understood, emerging evidence suggests that dysregulation of the complement system, a key component of innate immunity, plays a crucial role. In glaucoma, dysregulation of the complement cascade and impaired regulation of complement factors contribute to chronic inflammation and neurodegeneration. Complement components such as C1Q, C3, and the membrane attack complex have been implicated in glaucomatous neuroinflammation and retinal ganglion cell death. This review will provide a summary of human and experimental studies that document the dysregulation of the complement system observed in glaucoma patients and animal models of glaucoma driving chronic inflammation and neurodegeneration. Understanding how complement-mediated damage contributes to glaucoma will provide opportunities for new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Hoppe
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
- Animal Physiology/Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Meredith Gregory-Ksander
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
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3
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You W, Knoops K, Boesten I, Berendschot TTJM, van Zandvoort MAMJ, Benedikter BJ, Webers CAB, Reutelingsperger CPM, Gorgels TGMF. A time window for rescuing dying retinal ganglion cells. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:88. [PMID: 38297331 PMCID: PMC10832163 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01427-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration and death cause vision loss in patients with glaucoma. Regulated cell death, once initiated, is generally considered to be an irreversible process. Recently, we showed that, by timely removing the cell death stimulus, stressed neuronal PC12 cells can recover from phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, nuclear shrinkage, DNA damage, mitochondrial fragmentation, mitochondrial membrane potential loss, and retraction of neurites, all hallmarks of an activated cell death program. Whether the cell death process can be reversed in neurons of the central nervous system, like RGCs, is still unknown. Here, we studied reversibility of the activated cell death program in primary rat RGCs (prRGCs). METHODS prRGCs were exposed to ethanol (5%, vol/vol) to induce cell death. At different stages of the cell death process, ethanol was removed by washing and injured prRGCs were further cultured in fresh medium to see whether they recovered. The dynamics of single cells were monitored by high-resolution live-cell spinning disk microscopy. PS exposure, mitochondrial structure, membrane potential, and intracellular Ca2+ were revealed by annexin A5-FITC, Mito-tracker, TMRM, and Fluo 8-AM staining, respectively. The distribution of cytochrome c was investigated by immunofluorescence. The ultrastructure of mitochondria was studied by electron microscopy. RESULTS Analysis of temporal relationships between mitochondrial changes and PS exposure showed that fragmentation of the mitochondrial network and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential occurred before PS exposure. Mitochondrial changes proceeded caspase-independently, while PS exposure was caspase dependent. Interestingly, prRGCs recovered quickly from these mitochondrial changes but not from PS exposure at the plasma membrane. Correlative light and electron microscopy showed that stress-induced decrease in mitochondrial area, length and cristae number was reversible. Intracellular Ca2+ was elevated during this stage of reversible mitochondrial injury, but there was no sign of mitochondrial cytochrome c release. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that RGCs with impaired mitochondrial structure and function can fully recover if there is no mitochondrial cytochrome c release yet, and no PS is exposed at the plasma membrane. This finding indicates that there is a time window for rescuing dying or injured RGCs, by simply removing the cell death stimulus. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting You
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, 6229 HX, The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Disease, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
- Department of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Kèvin Knoops
- The Microscopy CORE lab, Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Boesten
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, 6229 HX, The Netherlands
| | - Tos T J M Berendschot
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, 6229 HX, The Netherlands
| | - Marc A M J van Zandvoort
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Disease, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), Universitätsklinikum Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Birke J Benedikter
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, 6229 HX, The Netherlands
| | - Carroll A B Webers
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, 6229 HX, The Netherlands
| | - Chris P M Reutelingsperger
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Disease, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands.
| | - Theo G M F Gorgels
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, 6229 HX, The Netherlands.
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4
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Choi S, Choi SH, Bastola T, Park Y, Oh J, Kim KY, Hwang S, Miller YI, Ju WK. AIBP: A New Safeguard against Glaucomatous Neuroinflammation. Cells 2024; 13:198. [PMID: 38275823 PMCID: PMC10814024 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a group of ocular diseases that cause irreversible blindness. It is characterized by multifactorial degeneration of the optic nerve axons and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), resulting in the loss of vision. Major components of glaucoma pathogenesis include glia-driven neuroinflammation and impairment of mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics, leading to retinal neurodegeneration. In this review article, we summarize current evidence for the emerging role of apolipoprotein A-I binding protein (AIBP) as an important anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective factor in the retina. Due to its association with toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), extracellular AIBP selectively removes excess cholesterol from the plasma membrane of inflammatory and activated cells. This results in the reduced expression of TLR4-associated, cholesterol-rich lipid rafts and the inhibition of downstream inflammatory signaling. Intracellular AIBP is localized to mitochondria and modulates mitophagy through the ubiquitination of mitofusins 1 and 2. Importantly, elevated intraocular pressure induces AIBP deficiency in mouse models and in human glaucomatous retina. AIBP deficiency leads to the activation of TLR4 in Müller glia, triggering mitochondrial dysfunction in both RGCs and Müller glia, and compromising visual function in a mouse model. Conversely, restoring AIBP expression in the retina reduces neuroinflammation, prevents RGCs death, and protects visual function. These results provide new insight into the mechanism of AIBP function in the retina and suggest a therapeutic potential for restoring retinal AIBP expression in the treatment of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghwan Choi
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.C.); (T.B.); (Y.P.)
| | - Soo-Ho Choi
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tonking Bastola
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.C.); (T.B.); (Y.P.)
| | - Younggun Park
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.C.); (T.B.); (Y.P.)
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghyun Oh
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.C.); (T.B.); (Y.P.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Young Kim
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sinwoo Hwang
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.C.); (T.B.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yury I. Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Won-Kyu Ju
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.C.); (T.B.); (Y.P.)
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Osi B, Al-Kinani AA, Al-Qaysi ZK, Khoder M, Alany RG. Exploring the Ocular Absorption Pathway of Fasudil Hydrochloride towards Developing a Nanoparticulate Formulation with Improved Performance. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:112. [PMID: 38258122 PMCID: PMC10819904 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Rho-kinase (ROCK) inhibitors represent a new category of anti-glaucoma medications. Among them, Fasudil hydrochloride, a selective ROCK inhibitor, has demonstrated promising outcomes in glaucoma treatment. It works by inhibiting the ROCK pathway, which plays a crucial role in regulating the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm's aqueous humor outflow. This study aims to investigate the ocular absorption pathway of Fasudil hydrochloride and, subsequently, develop a nanoparticle-based delivery system for enhanced corneal absorption. Employing the ionic gelation method and statistical experimental design, the factors influencing chitosan nanoparticle (Cs NP) characteristics and performance were explored. Fasudil in vitro release and ex vivo permeation studies were performed, and Cs NP ocular tolerability and cytotoxicity on human lens epithelial cells were evaluated. Permeation studies on excised bovine eyes revealed significantly higher Fasudil permeation through the sclera compared to the cornea (370.0 μg/cm2 vs. 96.8 μg/cm2, respectively). The nanoparticle size (144.0 ± 15.6 nm to 835.9 ± 23.4 nm) and entrapment efficiency range achieved (17.2% to 41.4%) were predominantly influenced by chitosan quantity. Cs NPs showed a substantial improvement in the permeation of Fasudil via the cornea, along with slower release compared to the Fasudil aqueous solution. The results from the Hen's Egg Test Chorioallantoic Membrane (HET-CAM) and Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) tests indicated good conjunctival and corneal biocompatibility of the formulated chitosan nanoparticles, respectively. Lens epithelial cells displayed excellent tolerance to low concentrations of these nanoparticles (>94% cell viability). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the ocular absorption pathway of topically applied Fasudil hydrochloride where the cornea has been identified as a potential barrier that could be overcome using Cs NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barzan Osi
- Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care (DDDPC) Theme, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, London KT1 2EE, UK; (A.A.A.-K.); (Z.K.A.-Q.); (M.K.)
| | - Ali A. Al-Kinani
- Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care (DDDPC) Theme, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, London KT1 2EE, UK; (A.A.A.-K.); (Z.K.A.-Q.); (M.K.)
| | - Zinah K. Al-Qaysi
- Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care (DDDPC) Theme, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, London KT1 2EE, UK; (A.A.A.-K.); (Z.K.A.-Q.); (M.K.)
| | - Mouhamad Khoder
- Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care (DDDPC) Theme, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, London KT1 2EE, UK; (A.A.A.-K.); (Z.K.A.-Q.); (M.K.)
| | - Raid G. Alany
- Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care (DDDPC) Theme, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, London KT1 2EE, UK; (A.A.A.-K.); (Z.K.A.-Q.); (M.K.)
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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6
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Zarzecki M, Obuchowska I, Ustymowicz A, Konopińska J. Glaucoma Surgery and Ocular Blood Flow in Colour Doppler Imaging: Is There a Link? Clin Ophthalmol 2024; 18:49-60. [PMID: 38205265 PMCID: PMC10778180 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s441805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a common cause of blindness worldwide. This disease is characterised by increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and the concomitant disruption of ocular haemodynamic. Several studies have demonstrated that trabeculectomy is associated with changes in extraocular blood flow. In this study, we reviewed the available evidence on the use of colour Doppler imaging to evaluate and manage patients with open-angle glaucoma. We present the detailed anatomy of ocular blood flow to provide a background for the research findings. We also discuss the physiological foundations of ocular blood flow and detailed flow characteristics of specific extraocular vessels. Finally, we reviewed published studies that analysed the effects of glaucoma surgery on the blood flow parameters of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Zarzecki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Iwona Obuchowska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ustymowicz
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Konopińska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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7
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Ishikawa T, Kishi N, Shimizu Y, Fujimura T, Yamazaki T. Real-Time Imaging of Single Retinal Cell Apoptosis in a Non-Human Primate Ocular Hypertension Model. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2024; 13:20. [PMID: 38252520 PMCID: PMC10810027 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.13.1.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the feasibility of using DARC (detection of apoptosing retinal cells) technology as a biomarker for preclinical assessment of glaucomatous damage in a non-human primate (NHP) model of ocular hypertension (OHT). Methods Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) was induced by applying a laser to the trabecular meshwork in each eye of NHPs. Changes in DARC counts in the retina, identified as fluorescent-tagged annexin V (ANX776)-positive cells, were evaluated together with optic nerve damage, assessed using spectral domain-optical coherence tomography. The pharmacokinetic properties of ANX776 in both healthy and OHT model monkeys were also examined. Results Sustained elevation of IOP and subsequent thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) around the optic nerve head were confirmed in the OHT model. Increases in DARC counts were also detected after IOP elevation. We identified a statistically significant relationship between cumulative DARC counts and reductions in RNFLT both globally and in each peripapillary sector. Intravenous administration of ANX776 increased blood annexin V in a dose-dependent manner, which was subsequently eliminated. Conclusions This study revealed that DARC technology can effectively assess glaucomatous damage in an NHP OHT model. We obtained the fundamental data that could serve as a reference for developing preclinical models to evaluate the pharmacodynamics of neuroprotective agents using DARC technology in NHP OHT models. Translational Relevance Our basic data in a monkey OHT model could be useful for future preclinical studies using DARC technology to estimate the pharmacodynamic response of neuroprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ishikawa
- Translational Science Management, Non-Clinical Biomedical Science, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Naoki Kishi
- Portfolio Evaluation Group, Cooperate Strategy, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Shimizu
- Product Creation Unit, Immuno-Oncology, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takao Fujimura
- Translational Science Management, Non-Clinical Biomedical Science, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takao Yamazaki
- Translational Science Management, Non-Clinical Biomedical Science, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Japan
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8
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Munuera I, Aragon-Navas A, Villacampa P, Gonzalez-Cela MA, Subías M, Pablo LE, Garcia-Feijoo J, Herrero-Vanrell R, Garcia-Martin E, Bravo-Osuna I, Rodrigo MJ. Chronic Glaucoma Induced in Rats by a Single Injection of Fibronectin-Loaded PLGA Microspheres: IOP-Dependent and IOP-Independent Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:9. [PMID: 38203183 PMCID: PMC10779403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To evaluate a new animal model of chronic glaucoma induced using a single injection of fibronectin-loaded biodegradable PLGA microspheres (Ms) to test prolonged therapies. 30 rats received a single injection of fibronectin-PLGA-Ms suspension (MsF) in the right eye, 10 received non-loaded PLGA-Ms suspension (Control), and 17 were non-injected (Healthy). Follow-up was performed (24 weeks), evaluating intraocular pressure (IOP), optical coherence tomography (OCT), histology and electroretinography. The right eyes underwent a progressive increase in IOP, but only induced cohorts reached hypertensive values. The three cohorts presented a progressive decrease in ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness, corroborating physiological age-related loss of ganglion cells. Injected cohorts (MsF > Control) presented greater final GCL thickness. Histological exams explain this paradox: the MsF cohort showed lower ganglion cell counts but higher astrogliosis and immune response. A sequential trend of functional damage was recorded using scotopic electroretinography (MsF > Control > Healthy). It seems to be a function-structure correlation: in significant astrogliosis, early functional damage can be detected by electroretinography, and structural damage can be detected by histological exams but not by OCT. Males presented higher IOP and retinal and GCL thicknesses and lower electroretinography. A minimally invasive chronic glaucoma model was induced by a single injection of biodegradable Ms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Munuera
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (I.M.); (M.S.); (L.E.P.); (M.J.R.)
| | - Alba Aragon-Navas
- Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development in Ophthalmology (InnOftal) Research Group, UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.-N.); (M.A.G.-C.); (R.H.-V.); (I.B.-O.)
| | - Pilar Villacampa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona and Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 l’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
| | - Miriam A. Gonzalez-Cela
- Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development in Ophthalmology (InnOftal) Research Group, UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.-N.); (M.A.G.-C.); (R.H.-V.); (I.B.-O.)
| | - Manuel Subías
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (I.M.); (M.S.); (L.E.P.); (M.J.R.)
- Biotech Vision SLP (Spin-Off Company), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis E. Pablo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (I.M.); (M.S.); (L.E.P.); (M.J.R.)
- Biotech Vision SLP (Spin-Off Company), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Thematic Research Network in Ophthalmology (Oftared), Carlos III National Institute of Health, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Julian Garcia-Feijoo
- Thematic Research Network in Ophthalmology (Oftared), Carlos III National Institute of Health, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Ophthalmology, San Carlos Clinical Hospital, Health Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocio Herrero-Vanrell
- Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development in Ophthalmology (InnOftal) Research Group, UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.-N.); (M.A.G.-C.); (R.H.-V.); (I.B.-O.)
- Thematic Research Network in Ophthalmology (Oftared), Carlos III National Institute of Health, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Elena Garcia-Martin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (I.M.); (M.S.); (L.E.P.); (M.J.R.)
- Thematic Research Network in Ophthalmology (Oftared), Carlos III National Institute of Health, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Irene Bravo-Osuna
- Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development in Ophthalmology (InnOftal) Research Group, UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.-N.); (M.A.G.-C.); (R.H.-V.); (I.B.-O.)
- Thematic Research Network in Ophthalmology (Oftared), Carlos III National Institute of Health, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Maria J. Rodrigo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (I.M.); (M.S.); (L.E.P.); (M.J.R.)
- Thematic Research Network in Ophthalmology (Oftared), Carlos III National Institute of Health, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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9
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Basavarajappa D, Galindo-Romero C, Gupta V, Agudo-Barriuso M, Gupta VB, Graham SL, Chitranshi N. Signalling pathways and cell death mechanisms in glaucoma: Insights into the molecular pathophysiology. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 94:101216. [PMID: 37856930 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a complex multifactorial eye disease manifesting in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and optic nerve degeneration, ultimately causing irreversible vision loss. Research in recent years has significantly enhanced our understanding of RGC degenerative mechanisms in glaucoma. It is evident that high intraocular pressure (IOP) is not the only contributing factor to glaucoma pathogenesis. The equilibrium of pro-survival and pro-death signalling pathways in the retina strongly influences the function and survival of RGCs and optic nerve axons in glaucoma. Molecular evidence from human retinal tissue analysis and a range of experimental models of glaucoma have significantly contributed to unravelling these mechanisms. Accumulating evidence reveals a wide range of molecular signalling pathways that can operate -either alone or via intricate networks - to induce neurodegeneration. The roles of several molecules, including neurotrophins, interplay of intracellular kinases and phosphates, caveolae and adapter proteins, serine proteases and their inhibitors, nuclear receptors, amyloid beta and tau, and how their dysfunction affects retinal neurons are discussed in this review. We further underscore how anatomical alterations in various animal models exhibiting RGC degeneration and susceptibility to glaucoma-related neuronal damage have helped to characterise molecular mechanisms in glaucoma. In addition, we also present different regulated cell death pathways that play a critical role in RGC degeneration in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaraj Basavarajappa
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Caridad Galindo-Romero
- Experimental Ophthalmology Group, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca) & Ophthalmology Department, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marta Agudo-Barriuso
- Experimental Ophthalmology Group, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca) & Ophthalmology Department, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Veer B Gupta
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart L Graham
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
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10
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Fang Z, Bi S, Brown JD, Chen J, Pan T. Microfluidics in the eye: a review of glaucoma implants from an engineering perspective. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4736-4772. [PMID: 37847237 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00407d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy in the eye, which is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and currently affects over 70 million individuals. Clinically, intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction is the only proven treatment to halt the progression of glaucoma. Microfluidic devices such as glaucoma drainage devices (GDDs) and minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) devices are routinely used by ophthalmologists to manage elevated IOP, by creating an artificial pathway for the over-accumulated aqueous humor (AH) in a glaucomatous eye, when the natural pathways are severely blocked. Herein, a detailed modelling and analysis of both the natural microfluidic pathways of the AH in the eye and artificial microfluidic pathways formed additionally by the various glaucoma implants are conducted to provide an insight into the causes of the IOP abnormality and the improvement schemes of current implant designs. The mechanisms of representative glaucoma implants have been critically reviewed from the perspective of microfluidics, and we have categorized the current implants into four groups according to the targeted drainage sites of the AH, namely Schlemm's canal, suprachoroidal space, subconjunctival space, and ocular surface. In addition, we propose to divide the development and evolution of glaucoma implant designs into three technological waves, which include microtube (1st), microvalve (2nd) and microsystem (3rd). With the emerging trends of minimal invasiveness and artificial intelligence in the development of medical implants, we envision that a comprehensive glaucoma treatment microsystem is on the horizon, which is featured with active and wireless control of IOP, real-time continuous monitoring of IOP and aqueous rate, etc. The current review could potentially cast light on the unmatched needs, challenges, and future directions of the microfluidic structural and functional designs of glaucoma implants, which would enable an enhanced safety profile, reduced complications, increased efficacy of lowering IOP and reduced IOP fluctuations, closed-loop and on-demand control of IOP, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zecong Fang
- Bionic Sensing and Intelligence Center (BSIC), Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
| | - Shuzhen Bi
- Center for Intelligent Medical Equipment and Devices (iMED), University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | | | - Junyi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Tingrui Pan
- Bionic Sensing and Intelligence Center (BSIC), Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
- Center for Intelligent Medical Equipment and Devices (iMED), University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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11
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Abbasi M, Gupta V, Chitranshi N, Moustardas P, Ranjbaran R, Graham SL. Molecular Mechanisms of Glaucoma Pathogenesis with Implications to Caveolin Adaptor Protein and Caveolin-Shp2 Axis. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2023.1012. [PMID: 37962455 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a common retinal disorder characterized by progressive optic nerve damage, resulting in visual impairment and potential blindness. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor, but some patients still experience disease progression despite IOP-lowering treatments. Genome-wide association studies have linked variations in the Caveolin1/2 (CAV-1/2) gene loci to glaucoma risk. Cav-1, a key protein in caveolae membrane invaginations, is involved in signaling pathways and its absence impairs retinal function. Recent research suggests that Cav-1 is implicated in modulating the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway in retinal ganglion cells, which plays a critical role in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) health and protection against apoptosis. Understanding the interplay between these proteins could shed light on glaucoma pathogenesis and provide potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojdeh Abbasi
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping Sweden
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Petros Moustardas
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping Sweden
| | - Reza Ranjbaran
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Stuart L Graham
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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12
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Andika YW, Jannah SR, Winarto, Wildan A, Rahmi FL, Prihatningtyas R, Mulyanto J, Maharani. Effects of oral Mirtogenol on retinal ganglion cell apoptosis index and intraocular pressure in the Wistar glaucoma model. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2023; 14:258-262. [PMID: 37692015 PMCID: PMC10483914 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_29_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to determine how Mirtogenol affects intraocular pressure (IOP) and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) of apoptosis index in Wistar glaucoma models, as well as the relationship between IOP and RGC apoptosis index. Twelve Wistar glaucoma models were divided into two groups for experimental research with a pretest-posttest and posttest-only. The treatment group got oral administration of Mirtogenol 12.3 mg twice a day for 2 weeks, whereas the control group received a placebo in the same way. Apoptotic index and IOP were evaluated both before and after the intervention. A parametric independent t-test was used to determine the difference between groups, and a parametric paired t-test was used to determine the difference within groups. The results showed that the RGC apoptosis index in treatment groups was considerably less when compared to control groups (P < 0.001). In the treatment group, the IOP is decreased compared to the control group (mean difference: -12.67 ± 3.79 vs. 0.69 ± 4.64, respectively, P = 0.002). A significant and solid correlation was found between IOP and RGC apoptosis index (R = 0.884, P < 0.001). Thus, Mirtogenol supplementation is expected to be used to prevent glaucoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yustiadenta Widya Andika
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Silka Roudhatul Jannah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Winarto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Glaucoma Division, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Arief Wildan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Glaucoma Division, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Fifin Luthfia Rahmi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Glaucoma Division, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Riski Prihatningtyas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Glaucoma Division, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Joko Mulyanto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Glaucoma Division, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Maharani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Glaucoma Division, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
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13
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Esteban-Linares A, Zhang X, Lee HH, Risner ML, Weiss SM, Xu YQ, Levine E, Li D. Graphene-based microfluidic perforated microelectrode arrays for retinal electrophysiological studies. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:2193-2205. [PMID: 36891773 PMCID: PMC10159897 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00064h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Perforated microelectrode arrays (pMEAs) have become essential tools for ex vivo retinal electrophysiological studies. pMEAs increase the nutrient supply to the explant and alleviate the accentuated curvature of the retina, allowing for long-term culture and intimate contacts between the retina and electrodes for electrophysiological measurements. However, commercial pMEAs are not compatible with in situ high-resolution optical imaging and lack the capability of controlling the local microenvironment, which are highly desirable features for relating function to anatomy and probing physiological and pathological mechanisms in retina. Here we report on microfluidic pMEAs (μpMEAs) that combine transparent graphene electrodes and the capability of locally delivering chemical stimulation. We demonstrate the potential of μpMEAs by measuring the electrical response of ganglion cells to locally delivered high K+ stimulation under controlled microenvironments. Importantly, the capability for high-resolution confocal imaging of the retina tissue on top of the graphene electrodes allows for further analyses of the electrical signal source. The new capabilities provided by μpMEAs could allow for retinal electrophysiology assays to address key questions in retinal circuitry studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaosi Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Hannah H Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Michael L Risner
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Sharon M Weiss
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Ya-Qiong Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Edward Levine
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Deyu Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
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14
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Surma M, Anbarasu K, Dutta S, Olivera Perez LJ, Huang KC, Meyer JS, Das A. Enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis promotes neuroprotection in human pluripotent stem cell derived retinal ganglion cells. Commun Biol 2023; 6:218. [PMID: 36828933 PMCID: PMC9957998 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04576-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunctions are widely afflicted in central nervous system (CNS) disorders with minimal understanding on how to improve mitochondrial homeostasis to promote neuroprotection. Here we have used human stem cell differentiated retinal ganglion cells (hRGCs) of the CNS, which are highly sensitive towards mitochondrial dysfunctions due to their unique structure and function, to identify mechanisms for improving mitochondrial quality control (MQC). We show that hRGCs are efficient in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis through rapid degradation and biogenesis of mitochondria under acute damage. Using a glaucomatous Optineurin mutant (E50K) stem cell line, we show that at basal level mutant hRGCs possess less mitochondrial mass and suffer mitochondrial swelling due to excess ATP production load. Activation of mitochondrial biogenesis through pharmacological inhibition of the Tank binding kinase 1 (TBK1) restores energy homeostasis, mitigates mitochondrial swelling with neuroprotection against acute mitochondrial damage for glaucomatous E50K hRGCs, revealing a novel neuroprotection mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Surma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Kavitha Anbarasu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Sayanta Dutta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | | | - Kang-Chieh Huang
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jason S Meyer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Arupratan Das
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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15
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Naguib S, DeJulius CR, Backstrom JR, Haider AA, Ang JM, Boal AM, Calkins DJ, Duvall CL, Rex TS. Intraocular Sustained Release of EPO-R76E Mitigates Glaucoma Pathogenesis by Activating the NRF2/ARE Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:556. [PMID: 36978804 PMCID: PMC10045745 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is neuroprotective in multiple models of neurodegenerative diseases, including glaucoma. EPO-R76E retains the neuroprotective effects of EPO but diminishes the effects on hematocrit. Treatment with EPO-R76E in a glaucoma model increases expression of antioxidant proteins and is neuroprotective. A major pathway that controls the expression of antioxidant proteins is the NRF2/ARE pathway. This pathway is activated endogenously after elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) and contributes to the slow onset of pathology in glaucoma. In this study, we explored if sustained release of EPO-R76E in the eye would activate the NRF2/ARE pathway and if this pathway was key to its neuroprotective activity. Treatment with PLGA.EPO-E76E prevented increases in retinal superoxide levels in vivo, and caused phosphorylation of NRF2 and upregulation of antioxidants. Further, EPO-R76E activates NRF2 via phosphorylation by the MAPK pathway rather than the PI3K/Akt pathway, used by the endogenous antioxidant response to elevated IOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Naguib
- Neuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carlisle R. DeJulius
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jon R. Backstrom
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ameer A. Haider
- Neuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - John M. Ang
- Neuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrew M. Boal
- Neuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - David J. Calkins
- Neuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig L. Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Tonia S. Rex
- Neuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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16
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Loo JH, Wang Z, Chong RS. Caveolin-1 in vascular health and glaucoma: A critical vascular regulator and potential therapeutic target. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1087123. [PMID: 36760400 PMCID: PMC9902660 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1087123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is an integral scaffolding membrane protein found in most cell types. Cav-1 has been found to contribute significantly to ocular function, with mutations of Cav-1 being associated with a genetic risk of glaucoma development. Raised intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major modifiable risk factor for glaucoma. Cav-1 may be involved in both IOP-dependent and independent mechanisms involving vascular dysregulation. Systemic vascular diseases including hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidaemia, have been shown to be associated with glaucoma development. Cav-1 is closely interlinked with endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathways that mediate vascular function and prevent cardiovascular diseases. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase and endothelin-1 are key vasoactive molecules expressed in retinal blood vessels that function to autoregulate ocular blood flow (OBF). Disruptions in the homeostasis of OBF have led to a growing concept of impaired neurovascular coupling in glaucoma. The imbalance between perfusion and neuronal stimulation arising from Cav-1 depletion may result in relative ischemia of the optic nerve head and glaucomatous injury. OBF is also governed by circadian variation in IOP and systemic blood pressure (BP). Cav-1 has been shown to influence central BP variability and other circadian rhythms such as the diurnal phagolysosomal digestion of photoreceptor fragments and toxic substrates to maintain ocular health. Overall, the vast implications of Cav-1 on various ocular mechanisms leading to glaucoma suggest a potential for new therapeutics to enhance Cav-1 expression, which has seen success in other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hong Loo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Rachel S. Chong
- Glaucoma Department, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore,Ocular Imaging Department, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore,*Correspondence: Rachel S. Chong ✉
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17
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Lambuk L, Suhaimi NAA, Sadikan MZ, Jafri AJA, Ahmad S, Nasir NAA, Uskoković V, Kadir R, Mohamud R. Nanoparticles for the treatment of glaucoma-associated neuroinflammation. EYE AND VISION 2022; 9:26. [PMID: 35778750 PMCID: PMC9250254 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-022-00298-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a considerable amount of literature has emerged around the theme of neuroinflammation linked to neurodegeneration. Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by visual impairment. Understanding the complex neuroinflammatory processes underlying retinal ganglion cell loss has the potential to improve conventional therapeutic approaches in glaucoma. Due to the presence of multiple barriers that a systemically administered drug has to cross to reach the intraocular space, ocular drug delivery has always been a challenge. Nowadays, studies are focused on improving the current therapies for glaucoma by utilizing nanoparticles as the modes of drug transport across the ocular anatomical and physiological barriers. This review offers some important insights on the therapeutic advancements made in this direction, focusing on the use of nanoparticles loaded with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agents in the treatment of glaucoma. The prospect of these novel therapies is discussed in relation to the current therapies to alleviate inflammation in glaucoma, which are being reviewed as well, along with the detailed molecular and cellular mechanisms governing the onset and the progression of the disease.
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18
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Alshaikh RA, Waeber C, Ryan KB. Polymer based sustained drug delivery to the ocular posterior segment: barriers and future opportunities for the treatment of neovascular pathologies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 187:114342. [PMID: 35569559 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing momentum in research and pharmaceutical industry communities to design sustained, non-invasive delivery systems to treat chronic neovascular ocular diseases that affect the posterior segment of the eye including age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. Current treatments include VEGF blockers, which have revolutionized the standard of care for patients, but their maximum therapeutic benefit is hampered by the need for recurrent and invasive administration procedures. Currently approved delivery systems intended to address these limitations exploit polymer technology to regulate drug release in a sustained manner. Here, we critically review sustained drug delivery approaches for the treatment of chronic neovascular diseases affecting the ocular posterior segment, with a special emphasis on novel and polymeric technologies spanning the spectrum of preclinical and clinical investigation, and those approved for treatment. The mechanism by which each formulation imparts sustained release, the impact of formulation characteristics on release and foreign body reaction, and special considerations related to the translation of these systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Waeber
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Katie B Ryan
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; SSPC The SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Ireland.
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19
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Noailles A, Kutsyr O, Mayordomo-Febrer A, Lax P, López-Murcia M, Sanz-González SM, Pinazo-Durán MD, Cuenca N. Sodium Hyaluronate-Induced Ocular Hypertension in Rats Damages the Direction-Selective Circuit and Inner/Outer Retinal Plexiform Layers. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:2. [PMID: 35503230 PMCID: PMC9078050 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.5.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the changes in retinal morphology in a rat model of chronic glaucoma induced by ocular hypertension. Methods Intraocular pressure (IOP) was surgically increased through weekly injections of sodium hyaluronate (HYA) in the anterior eye chamber of the left eye of male Wistar rats, whereas the right eyes were sham operated (salt solution). During the 10-week experimental period, IOP was measured weekly with a rebound tonometer. Retinal cryosections were prepared for histological/immunohistochemical analysis and morphometry. Results IOP was higher in HYA-treated eyes than in sham-operated eyes along the 10-week period, which was significant from the fourth to the nineth week. Ocular hypertension in HYA-treated eyes was associated with morphologic and morphometric changes in bipolar cells, ON-OFF direction-selective ganglion cells, ON/OFF starburst amacrine cells, and inner plexiform layer sublamina. Conclusions Serial HYA treatment in the rat anterior eye chamber results in mild-to-moderate elevated and sustained IOP and ganglion cell death, which mimics most human open-angle glaucoma hallmarks. The reduced number of direction-selective ganglion cells and starburst amacrine cells accompanied by a deteriorated ON/OFF plexus in this glaucoma model could lend insight to the abnormalities in motion perception observed in patients with glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Noailles
- Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Spain.,OFTARED. Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Research. Institute of health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oksana Kutsyr
- Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Spain.,OFTARED. Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Research. Institute of health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aloma Mayordomo-Febrer
- Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Valencia, Spain.,OFTARED. Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Research. Institute of health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Mixed Research Unit for Visual Health and Veterinary Ophthalmology CEU/FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Lax
- Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Spain.,OFTARED. Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Research. Institute of health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María López-Murcia
- Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Valencia, Spain.,Mixed Research Unit for Visual Health and Veterinary Ophthalmology CEU/FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia M Sanz-González
- OFTARED. Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Research. Institute of health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cellular and Molecular Ophthalmo-biology Research Group, Department of Surgery, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Ophthalmic Research Unit "Santiago Grisolía"/FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Dolores Pinazo-Durán
- OFTARED. Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Research. Institute of health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cellular and Molecular Ophthalmo-biology Research Group, Department of Surgery, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Ophthalmic Research Unit "Santiago Grisolía"/FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nicolás Cuenca
- Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Spain.,OFTARED. Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Research. Institute of health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Calpains as mechanistic drivers and therapeutic targets for ocular disease. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:644-661. [PMID: 35641420 PMCID: PMC9345745 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ophthalmic neurodegenerative diseases encompass a wide array of molecular pathologies unified by calpain dysregulation. Calpains are calcium-dependent proteases that perpetuate cellular death and inflammation when hyperactivated. Calpain inhibition trials in other organs have faced pharmacological challenges, but the eye offers many advantages for the development and testing of targeted molecular therapeutics, including small molecules, peptides, engineered proteins, drug implants, and gene-based therapies. This review highlights structural mechanisms underlying calpain activation, distinct cellular expression patterns, and in vivo models that link calpain hyperactivity to human retinal and developmental disease. Optimizing therapeutic approaches for calpain-mediated eye diseases can help accelerate clinically feasible strategies for treating calpain dysregulation in other diseased tissues.
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21
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Fernández-Albarral JA, de Hoz R, Matamoros JA, Chen L, López-Cuenca I, Salobrar-García E, Sánchez-Puebla L, Ramírez JM, Triviño A, Salazar JJ, Ramírez AI. Retinal Changes in Astrocytes and Müller Glia in a Mouse Model of Laser-Induced Glaucoma: A Time-Course Study. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10050939. [PMID: 35625676 PMCID: PMC9138377 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroglia (astrocytes and Müller glia) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. In a glaucoma mouse model, we studied the effects of unilateral laser-induced ocular hypertension (OHT) on macroglia in OHT and contralateral eyes at different time points after laser treatment (1, 3, 5, 8 and 15 days) using anti-GFAP and anti-MHC-II, analyzing the morphological changes, GFAP-labelled retinal area (GFAP-PA), and GFAP and MHC-II immunoreactivity intensities ((GFAP-IRI and MHC-II-IRI)). In OHT and contralateral eyes, with respect to naïve eyes, at all the time points, we found the following: (i) astrocytes with thicker somas and more secondary processes, mainly in the intermediate (IR) and peripheral retina (PR); (ii) astrocytes with low GFAP-IRI and only primary processes near the optic disc (OD); (iii) an increase in total GFAP-RA, which was higher at 3 and 5 days, except for at 15 days; (iv) an increase in GFAP-IRI in the IR and especially in the PR; (v) a decrease in GFAP-IRI near the OD, especially at 1 and 5 days; (vi) a significant increase in MHC-II-IRI, which was higher in the IR and PR; and (vii) the Müller glia were GFAP+ and MHC-II+. In conclusion, in this model of glaucoma, there is a bilateral macroglial activation maintained over time involved in the inflammatory glaucoma process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A. Fernández-Albarral
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.F.-A.); (R.d.H.); (J.A.M.); (L.C.); (I.L.-C.); (E.S.-G.); (L.S.-P.); (J.M.R.); (A.T.)
| | - Rosa de Hoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.F.-A.); (R.d.H.); (J.A.M.); (L.C.); (I.L.-C.); (E.S.-G.); (L.S.-P.); (J.M.R.); (A.T.)
- Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Oftalmología y ORL, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - José A. Matamoros
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.F.-A.); (R.d.H.); (J.A.M.); (L.C.); (I.L.-C.); (E.S.-G.); (L.S.-P.); (J.M.R.); (A.T.)
| | - Lejing Chen
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.F.-A.); (R.d.H.); (J.A.M.); (L.C.); (I.L.-C.); (E.S.-G.); (L.S.-P.); (J.M.R.); (A.T.)
| | - Inés López-Cuenca
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.F.-A.); (R.d.H.); (J.A.M.); (L.C.); (I.L.-C.); (E.S.-G.); (L.S.-P.); (J.M.R.); (A.T.)
| | - Elena Salobrar-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.F.-A.); (R.d.H.); (J.A.M.); (L.C.); (I.L.-C.); (E.S.-G.); (L.S.-P.); (J.M.R.); (A.T.)
- Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Oftalmología y ORL, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Sánchez-Puebla
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.F.-A.); (R.d.H.); (J.A.M.); (L.C.); (I.L.-C.); (E.S.-G.); (L.S.-P.); (J.M.R.); (A.T.)
| | - José M. Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.F.-A.); (R.d.H.); (J.A.M.); (L.C.); (I.L.-C.); (E.S.-G.); (L.S.-P.); (J.M.R.); (A.T.)
- Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Oftalmología y ORL, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Triviño
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.F.-A.); (R.d.H.); (J.A.M.); (L.C.); (I.L.-C.); (E.S.-G.); (L.S.-P.); (J.M.R.); (A.T.)
- Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Oftalmología y ORL, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J. Salazar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.F.-A.); (R.d.H.); (J.A.M.); (L.C.); (I.L.-C.); (E.S.-G.); (L.S.-P.); (J.M.R.); (A.T.)
- Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Oftalmología y ORL, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.J.S.); (A.I.R.)
| | - Ana I. Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.F.-A.); (R.d.H.); (J.A.M.); (L.C.); (I.L.-C.); (E.S.-G.); (L.S.-P.); (J.M.R.); (A.T.)
- Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Oftalmología y ORL, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.J.S.); (A.I.R.)
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22
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Zhong H, Sun X. Contribution of Interleukin-17A to Retinal Degenerative Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:847937. [PMID: 35392087 PMCID: PMC8980477 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.847937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal degenerative diseases are a leading cause of vision loss and blindness throughout the world, characterized by chronic and progressive loss of neurons and/or myelin. One of the common features of retinal degenerative diseases and central neurodegenerative diseases is chronic neuroinflammation. Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is the cytokine most closely related to disease in its family. Accumulating evidence suggests that IL-17A plays a key role in human retinal degenerative diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. This review aims to provide an overview of the role of IL-17A participating in the pathogenesis of retinal degenerative diseases, which may open new avenues for potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhong
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
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23
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Wang Y, Xu Z, Li W, Wei W, Qin M, Li Q, Liu X, Zhang X, Wang X. A graphene-Ag based near-infrared defined accurate anti-scarring strategy for ocular glaucoma surgery. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:1281-1291. [PMID: 35083991 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01614h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Excessive fibrosis is the major factor in the failure of glaucoma filtration surgery. So far, the dominant approach for inhibiting fibrosis is the use of an antimetabolite drug, but the complications it causes, such as filtering bleb leakage, bacterial endophthalmitis and ocular hypotony, are also inevitable. Herein, a multifunctional anti-scarring platform (PVA@rGO-Ag/5-Fu) integrated with outstanding photothermal, antibacterial and drug delivery abilities is developed. PVA@rGO-Ag shows favorable biocompatibility as well as an accurate regional photothermal killing ability on both conjunctival fibroblasts and bacteria under 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. Furthermore, PVA@rGO-Ag/5-Fu improves bleb survival rates and results in the satisfactory reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) by decreasing the fibrous reaction in vivo. In summary, PVA@rGO-Ag/5-Fu has promising potential as an efficacious and safe anti-scarring agent for filtering surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P.R. China.
| | - Zikang Xu
- National Engineering Research Centre for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330088, P.R. China.
| | - Wenchi Li
- National Engineering Research Centre for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330088, P.R. China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P.R. China.
| | - Mengqi Qin
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P.R. China.
| | - Qun Li
- National Engineering Research Centre for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330088, P.R. China.
| | - Xuexia Liu
- National Engineering Research Centre for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330088, P.R. China. .,College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330088, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- National Engineering Research Centre for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330088, P.R. China. .,College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330088, P.R. China
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24
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Cell-Based Neuroprotection of Retinal Ganglion Cells in Animal Models of Optic Neuropathies. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111181. [PMID: 34827174 PMCID: PMC8615038 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) comprise a heterogenous group of projection neurons that transmit visual information from the retina to the brain. Progressive degeneration of these cells, as it occurs in inflammatory, ischemic, traumatic or glaucomatous optic neuropathies, results in visual deterioration and is among the leading causes of irreversible blindness. Treatment options for these diseases are limited. Neuroprotective approaches aim to slow down and eventually halt the loss of ganglion cells in these disorders. In this review, we have summarized preclinical studies that have evaluated the efficacy of cell-based neuroprotective treatment strategies to rescue retinal ganglion cells from cell death. Intraocular transplantations of diverse genetically nonmodified cell types or cells engineered to overexpress neurotrophic factors have been demonstrated to result in significant attenuation of ganglion cell loss in animal models of different optic neuropathies. Cell-based combinatorial neuroprotective approaches represent a potential strategy to further increase the survival rates of retinal ganglion cells. However, data about the long-term impact of the different cell-based treatment strategies on retinal ganglion cell survival and detailed analyses of potential adverse effects of a sustained intraocular delivery of neurotrophic factors on retina structure and function are limited, making it difficult to assess their therapeutic potential.
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25
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Reffatto V, Gupta PK, Williams T, Schmitz-Brown ME, Vizzeri G. FK506 Treatment Prevents Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thinning in Organ-Transplanted Glaucoma Patients: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study. Cureus 2021; 13:e18192. [PMID: 34722017 PMCID: PMC8544622 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This is a retrospective study of primary open-angle glaucoma patients treated with the immunosuppressor FK506 (tacrolimus) after an organ transplant. We assessed whether FK506 might be a potential neuroprotector adjuvant in glaucoma therapy. Patients and methods Organ transplant patients treated with FK506 for one or more years between 2006 and 2017 at the University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) were enrolled. Those selected were patients older than or equal to 50 years of age and had an ophthalmological eye examination with or without diagnostic tests for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Sixty-one eligible subjects were included in the study and matched with the non-FK506 control group for age, gender, race, and follow-up visits. Results A lower incidence of POAG was noted in the FK506-treated patients (15%) when compared to the non-FK506 group (22%), though not significant (p=0.34). Among POAG subjects, the average retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness decreased at a rate of 1.4 µm per year (p=0.0001) in the non-FK506 control patients versus 0.4 µm per year (p=0.34) in the FK506 patients. The superior and inferior RNFL quadrants in the control non-FK506 group had a thinning of 2.2 µm and 2.3 µm per year, respectively, (p=0.003 and p=0.0001), while in the FK506 patients, there was no significant loss. In addition, RNFL thinning in nasal and temporal quadrant also showed less reduction in FK506-treated subjects but was not statistically significant (p=0.68 and p=0.93). Conclusion FK506 therapy offers a new promising avenue for neuroprotection in POAG patients and needs to be investigated further for use in conjunction with conventional glaucoma treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Praveena K Gupta
- Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
| | - Tamila Williams
- Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
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26
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Lambuk L, Iezhitsa I, Agarwal R, Agarwal P, Peresypkina A, Pobeda A, Ismail NM. Magnesium acetyltaurate prevents retinal damage and visual impairment in rats through suppression of NMDA-induced upregulation of NF-κB, p53 and AP-1 (c-Jun/c-Fos). Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2330-2344. [PMID: 33818520 PMCID: PMC8354133 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.310691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium acetyltaurate (MgAT) has been shown to have a protective effect against N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced retinal cell apoptosis. The current study investigated the involvement of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), p53 and AP-1 family members (c-Jun/c-Fos) in neuroprotection by MgAT against NMDA-induced retinal damage. In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to undergo intravitreal injection of vehicle, NMDA or MgAT as pre-treatment to NMDA. Seven days after injections, retinal ganglion cells survival was detected using retrograde labelling with fluorogold and BRN3A immunostaining. Functional outcome of retinal damage was assessed using electroretinography, and the mechanisms underlying antiapoptotic effect of MgAT were investigated through assessment of retinal gene expression of NF-κB, p53 and AP-1 family members (c-Jun/c-Fos) using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Retinal phospho-NF-κB, phospho-p53 and AP-1 levels were evaluated using western blot assay. Rat visual functions were evaluated using visual object recognition tests. Both retrograde labelling and BRN3A immunostaining revealed a significant increase in the number of retinal ganglion cells in rats receiving intravitreal injection of MgAT compared with the rats receiving intravitreal injection of NMDA. Electroretinography indicated that pre-treatment with MgAT partially preserved the functional activity of NMDA-exposed retinas. MgAT abolished NMDA-induced increase of retinal phospho-NF-κB, phospho-p53 and AP-1 expression and suppressed NMDA-induced transcriptional activity of NF-κB, p53 and AP-1 family members (c-Jun/c-Fos). Visual object recognition tests showed that MgAT reduced difficulties in recognizing the visual cues (i.e. objects with different shapes) after NMDA exposure, suggesting that visual functions of rats were relatively preserved by pre-treatment with MgAT. In conclusion, pre-treatment with MgAT prevents NMDA induced retinal injury by inhibiting NMDA-induced neuronal apoptosis via downregulation of transcriptional activity of NF-κB, p53 and AP-1-mediated c-Jun/c-Fos. The experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia, UiTM CARE No 118/2015 on December 4, 2015 and UiTM CARE No 220/7/2017 on December 8, 2017 and Ethics Committee of Belgorod State National Research University, Russia, No 02/20 on January 10, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidawani Lambuk
- Center for Neuroscience Research (NeuRon), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Igor Iezhitsa
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Renu Agarwal
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Puneet Agarwal
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anna Peresypkina
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Medicine, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia
| | - Anna Pobeda
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Medicine, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia
| | - Nafeeza Mohd Ismail
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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27
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Fernández-Albarral JA, Martínez-López MA, Marco EM, de Hoz R, Martín-Sánchez B, San Felipe D, Salobrar-García E, López-Cuenca I, Pinazo-Durán MD, Salazar JJ, Ramírez JM, López-Gallardo M, Ramírez AI. Is Saffron Able to Prevent the Dysregulation of Retinal Cytokines Induced by Ocular Hypertension in Mice? J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10214801. [PMID: 34768320 PMCID: PMC8584889 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10214801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokine- and chemokine-mediated signalling is involved in the neuroinflammatory process that leads to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) damage in glaucoma. Substances with anti-inflammatory properties could decrease these cytokines and chemokines and thus prevent RGC death. The authors of this study analysed the anti-inflammatory effect of a hydrophilic saffron extract standardized to 3% crocin content, focusing on the regulation of cytokine and chemokine production, in a mouse model of unilateral laser-induced ocular hypertension (OHT). We demonstrated that following saffron treatment, most of the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17), anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10), Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), and fractalkine were unaffected in response to laser-induced OHT in both the OHT eye and its contralateral eye. Only IL-6 levels were significantly increased in the OHT eye one day after laser induction compared with the control group. These results differed from those observed in animals subjected to unilateral OHT and not treated with saffron, where changes in cytokine levels occurred in both eyes. Therefore, saffron extract regulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines, VEGF, and fractalkine induced by increasing intraocular pressure (IOP), protecting the retina from inflammation. These results indicate that saffron could be beneficial in glaucoma by helping to reduce the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A. Fernández-Albarral
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Grupo UCM 920105, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.F.-A.); (R.d.H.); (E.S.-G.); (I.L.-C.); (J.J.S.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Miguel A. Martínez-López
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Grupo UCM 951579, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.M.-L.); (B.M.-S.); (D.S.F.)
| | - Eva M. Marco
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de CC. Biológicas, Fisiología y Microbiología, Grupo UCM 951579, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rosa de Hoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Grupo UCM 920105, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.F.-A.); (R.d.H.); (E.S.-G.); (I.L.-C.); (J.J.S.); (J.M.R.)
- Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Oftalmología y ORL, IdISSC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martín-Sánchez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Grupo UCM 951579, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.M.-L.); (B.M.-S.); (D.S.F.)
| | - Diego San Felipe
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Grupo UCM 951579, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.M.-L.); (B.M.-S.); (D.S.F.)
| | - Elena Salobrar-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Grupo UCM 920105, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.F.-A.); (R.d.H.); (E.S.-G.); (I.L.-C.); (J.J.S.); (J.M.R.)
- Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Oftalmología y ORL, IdISSC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés López-Cuenca
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Grupo UCM 920105, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.F.-A.); (R.d.H.); (E.S.-G.); (I.L.-C.); (J.J.S.); (J.M.R.)
| | - María D. Pinazo-Durán
- Ophthalmic Research Unit “Santiago Grisolía”—FISABIO and Cellular and Molecular Ophthalmobiology Unit, University of Valencia, 46017 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Juan J. Salazar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Grupo UCM 920105, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.F.-A.); (R.d.H.); (E.S.-G.); (I.L.-C.); (J.J.S.); (J.M.R.)
- Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Oftalmología y ORL, IdISSC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Grupo UCM 920105, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.F.-A.); (R.d.H.); (E.S.-G.); (I.L.-C.); (J.J.S.); (J.M.R.)
- Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Oftalmología y ORL, IdISSC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Meritxell López-Gallardo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Grupo UCM 951579, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.M.-L.); (B.M.-S.); (D.S.F.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.-G.); (A.I.R.)
| | - Ana I. Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Grupo UCM 920105, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.F.-A.); (R.d.H.); (E.S.-G.); (I.L.-C.); (J.J.S.); (J.M.R.)
- Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Oftalmología y ORL, IdISSC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.L.-G.); (A.I.R.)
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28
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Álvarez-Hernán G, Garrido-Jiménez S, Román ÁC, Carvajal-González JM, Francisco-Morcillo J. Distribution of planar cell polarity proteins in the developing avian retina. Exp Eye Res 2021; 209:108681. [PMID: 34166683 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) is evolutionary conserved and play a critical role in proper tissue development and function. During central nervous system development, PCP proteins exhibit specific patterns of distribution and are indispensable for axonal growth, dendritogenesis, neuronal migration, and neuronal differentiation. The retina constitutes an excellent model in which to study molecular mechanisms involved in neural development. The analysis of the spatiotemporal expression of PCP proteins in this model constitutes an useful histological approach in order to identify possible roles of these proteins in retinogenesis. Immunohistochemical techniques revealed that Frz6, Celsr1, Vangl1, Pk1, Pk3, and Fat1 were present in emerging axons from recently differentiated ganglion cells in the chicken retina. Except for Vangl1, they were also asymmetrically distributed in differentiated amacrine cells. Pk1 and Pk3 were restricted in the outer nuclear layer to the outer segment of photoreceptors. Vangl1 was also located in the cell somata of Müller glia. Given these findings together, the distribution of PCP proteins in the developing chicken retina suggest essential roles in axonal guidance during early retinogenesis and a possible involvement in the establishment of cell asymmetry and maintenance of retinal cell phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Álvarez-Hernán
- Área de Biología Celular, Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Sergio Garrido-Jiménez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ángel Carlos Román
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - José María Carvajal-González
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Javier Francisco-Morcillo
- Área de Biología Celular, Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.
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29
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Brandli A, Dudczig S, Currie PD, Jusuf PR. Photoreceptor ablation following ATP induced injury triggers Müller glia driven regeneration in zebrafish. Exp Eye Res 2021; 207:108569. [PMID: 33839111 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Retinal regeneration research offers hope to people affected by visual impairment due to disease and injury. Ongoing research has explored many avenues towards retinal regeneration, including those that utilizes implantation of devices, cells or targeted viral-mediated gene therapy. These results have so far been limited, as gene therapy only has applications for rare single-gene mutations and implantations are invasive and in the case of cell transplantation donor cells often fail to integrate with adult neurons. An alternative mode of retinal regeneration utilizes a stem cell population unique to vertebrate retina - Müller glia (MG). Endogenous MG can readily regenerate lost neurons spontaneously in zebrafish and to a very limited extent in mammalian retina. The use of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has been shown to induce retinal degeneration and activation of the MG in mammals, but whether this is conserved to other vertebrate species including those with higher regenerative capacity remains unknown. In our study, we injected a single dose of ATP intravitreal in zebrafish to characterize the cell death and MG induced regeneration. We used TUNEL labelling on retinal sections to show that ATP caused localised death of photoreceptors and ganglion cells within 24 h. Histology of GFP-transgenic zebrafish and BrdU injected fish demonstrated that MG proliferation peaked at days 3 and 4 post-ATP injection. Using BrdU labelling and photoreceptor markers (Zpr1) we observed regeneration of lost rod photoreceptors at day 14. This study has been undertaken to allow for comparative studies between mammals and zebrafish that use the same specific induction method of injury, i.e. ATP induced injury to allow for direct comparison of across species to narrow down resulting differences that might reflect the differing regenerative capacity. The ultimate aim of this work is to recapitulate pro-neurogenesis Müller glia signaling in mammals to produce new neurons that integrate with the existing retinal circuit to restore vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Brandli
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia; Deptartment of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Stefanie Dudczig
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia; School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Peter D Currie
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Patricia R Jusuf
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia; School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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30
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Retinal Molecular Changes Are Associated with Neuroinflammation and Loss of RGCs in an Experimental Model of Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042066. [PMID: 33669765 PMCID: PMC7922243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling mediated by cytokines and chemokines is involved in glaucoma-associated neuroinflammation and in the damage of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Using multiplexed immunoassay and immunohistochemical techniques in a glaucoma mouse model at different time points after ocular hypertension (OHT), we analyzed (i) the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines, BDNF, VEGF, and fractalkine; and (ii) the number of Brn3a+ RGCs. In OHT eyes, there was an upregulation of (i) IFN-γ at days 3, 5, and 15; (ii) IL-4 at days 1, 3, 5, and 7 and IL-10 at days 3 and 5 (coinciding with downregulation of IL1-β at days 1, 5, and 7); (iii) IL-6 at days 1, 3, and 5; (iv) fractalkine and VEGF at day 1; and (v) BDNF at days 1, 3, 7, and 15. In contralateral eyes, there were (i) an upregulation of IL-1β at days 1 and 3 and a downregulation at day 7, coinciding with the downregulation of IL4 at days 3 and 5 and the upregulation at day 7; (ii) an upregulation of IL-6 at days 1, 5, and 7 and a downregulation at 15 days; (iii) an upregulation of IL-10 at days 3 and 7; and (iv) an upregulation of IL-17 at day 15. In OHT eyes, there was a reduction in the Brn3a+ RGCs number at days 3, 5, 7, and 15. OHT changes cytokine levels in both OHT and contralateral eyes at different time points after OHT induction, confirming the immune system involvement in glaucomatous neurodegeneration.
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31
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Tavakoli S, Peynshaert K, Lajunen T, Devoldere J, Del Amo EM, Ruponen M, De Smedt SC, Remaut K, Urtti A. Ocular barriers to retinal delivery of intravitreal liposomes: Impact of vitreoretinal interface. J Control Release 2020; 328:952-961. [PMID: 33091527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye is challenging due to several anatomical and physiological barriers. Thus, there is a need for prolonged action and targeted drug delivery to treat retinal diseases. Intravitreal injections avoid anterior eye barriers, but the vitreoretinal interface and inner limiting membrane (ILM) may prevent access of drug delivery systems to the retina. Existing data on retinal permeation of intravitreal nanoparticles are sparse and probably misleading due to the inter-species differences of retinal structures in rodents and humans. To bridge this gap, retinal permeation of light-activated liposomes was studied in an ex vivo bovine explant system that simulates the structure of vitreoretinal interface and intact ILM. Our findings indicate that the particle size plays a significant role in determining the retinal penetration as the liposomes of >100 nm sized failed to overcome the ILM and could not permeate into the retina. In addition, our results demonstrate the impact of surface charge and PEG-coating on retinal penetration. Small (≈ 50 nm) anionic liposomes with PEG coating showed the most extensive distribution and cellular localization in the retina. In summary, this study extends understanding of ocular barriers, and provides valuable information to augment design of retinal drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Tavakoli
- Drug Research Programme, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Karen Peynshaert
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tatu Lajunen
- Drug Research Programme, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, 1432-1 Hachioji, 192-0392 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Joke Devoldere
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva M Del Amo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marika Ruponen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Remaut
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arto Urtti
- Drug Research Programme, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Chemistry, St Petersburg State University, Petergoff, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
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32
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Xuan W, Moothedathu AA, Meng T, Gibson DC, Zheng J, Xu Q. 3D engineering for optic neuropathy treatment. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:181-188. [PMID: 33038525 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ocular disorders, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and glaucoma, can cause irreversible visual loss, and affect the quality of life of millions of patients. However, only very few 3D systems can mimic human ocular pathophysiology, especially the retinal degenerative diseases, which involve the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), photoreceptors, or retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPEs). In this review, we discuss current progress in the 3D modeling of ocular tissues, and review the use of the aforementioned technologies for optic neuropathy treatment according to the categories of associated disease models and their applications in drug screening, mechanism studies, and cell and gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xuan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Aji Alex Moothedathu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Tuo Meng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - David C Gibson
- School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Jinhua Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Qingguo Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Ophthalmology, Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Massey Cancer Center, and Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery & Development (ISB3D), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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33
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Cimaglia G, Votruba M, Morgan JE, André H, Williams PA. Potential Therapeutic Benefit of NAD + Supplementation for Glaucoma and Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092871. [PMID: 32961812 PMCID: PMC7551676 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration are leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide with significant health and societal burdens. To date, no clinical cures are available and treatments target only the manageable symptoms and risk factors (but do not remediate the underlying pathology of the disease). Both diseases are neurodegenerative in their pathology of the retina and as such many of the events that trigger cell dysfunction, degeneration, and eventual loss are due to mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Here, we critically review how a decreased bioavailability of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD; a crucial metabolite in healthy and disease states) may underpin many of these aberrant mechanisms. We propose how exogenous sources of NAD may become a therapeutic standard for the treatment of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Cimaglia
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 112 82 Stockholm, Sweden;
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, Wales, UK; (M.V.); (J.E.M.)
| | - Marcela Votruba
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, Wales, UK; (M.V.); (J.E.M.)
- Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, Wales, UK
| | - James E. Morgan
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, Wales, UK; (M.V.); (J.E.M.)
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4YS, Wales, UK
| | - Helder André
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 112 82 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Correspondence: (H.A.); (P.A.W.)
| | - Pete A. Williams
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 112 82 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Correspondence: (H.A.); (P.A.W.)
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34
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Deng C, Yao K, Peng F, Zhao B, Chen Z, Chen W, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Wang J. The Effect of Dietary Vitamin K1 Supplementation on Trabecular Meshwork and Retina in a Chronic Ocular Hypertensive Rat Model. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:40. [PMID: 32721021 PMCID: PMC7425704 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.8.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The pathophysiologic relationship between vitamin K and glaucoma remains largely unknown. The aim of the study was to explore the effect of dietary vitamin K supplementation in a rat glaucoma model. Methods Rats were randomly divided into two groups: standard diet and high vitamin K1 (VitK1) diet (300 mg VitK1/kg diet). Induction of chronic ocular hypertension by episcleral vein cauterization was performed on the right eye. The left eye with sham operation served as controls. Rats received standard or high VitK1 diets for 5 weeks after surgery until the end of experiment. Immunohistochemistry analyses of the retina and trabecular meshwork were performed. The change in coagulation function and IOP were evaluated. Results We observed a significant declined IOP at 2 weeks after surgery in the high VitK1 group compared with the control group. High VitK1 showed no significant effect on the body weight, rat phenotypes, or coagulation function. High VitK1 significantly inhibited the loss of retinal ganglion cells in the retina and increased the expression of matrix gla protein. High VitK1 also ameliorated the collapsed trabecular meshwork structure and increased collagen staining in the trabecular meshwork. Conclusions High VitK1 intake inhibited the loss of retinal ganglion cells during glaucomatous injury, probably by increasing the expression of matrix gla protein. A transient decrease in the IOP was observed in the high VitK1 group, implying a potential effect of VitK1 on aqueous outflow. Retinal ganglion cells protection by high VitK1 supplementation may be due to the IOP-lowering effects as well as neuroprotective effect. Further research is required to delineate these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohua Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fei Peng
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 430079, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bowen Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiqi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yin Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Junming Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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35
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Abbasi M, Gupta VK, Chitranshi N, Gupta VB, Mirzaei M, Dheer Y, Garthwaite L, Zaw T, Parton RG, You Y, Graham SL. Caveolin-1 Ablation Imparts Partial Protection Against Inner Retinal Injury in Experimental Glaucoma and Reduces Apoptotic Activation. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3759-3784. [PMID: 32578008 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01948-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cell degeneration is a characteristic feature of glaucoma, and accordingly, protection of these cells constitutes a major therapeutic objective in the disease. Here, we demonstrate the key influence of caveolin (Cav) in regulating the inner retinal homeostasis in two models of experimentally elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Two groups of Cav-1-/- and wild-type mice were used in the study. Animals were subjected to experimentally induced chronic and acutely elevated IOP and any changes in their retinal function were assessed by positive scotopic threshold response recordings. TUNEL and cleaved caspase-3 assays were performed to evaluate apoptotic changes in the retina while Brn3a immunostaining was used as a marker to assess and quantify ganglion cell layer (GCL) changes. H&E staining was carried out on retinal sections to evaluate histological differences in retinal laminar structure. Cav-1 ablation partially protected the inner retinal function in both chronic and acute models of elevated IOP. The protective effects of Cav-1 loss were also evident histologically by reduced loss of GCL density in both models. The phenotypic protection in Cav-1-/- glaucoma mice paralleled with increased TrkB phosphorylation and reduced endoplasmic reticulum stress markers and apoptotic activation in the inner retinas. This study corroborated previous findings of enhanced Shp2 phosphorylation in a chronic glaucoma model and established a novel role of Cav-1 in mediating activation of this phosphatase in the inner retina in vivo. Collectively, these findings highlight the critical involvement of Cav-1 regulatory mechanisms in ganglion cells in response to increased IOP, implicating Cav-1 as a potential therapeutic target in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojdeh Abbasi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Vivek K Gupta
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Veer B Gupta
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Department of Molecular Science, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.,Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Yogita Dheer
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Linda Garthwaite
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Thiri Zaw
- Department of Molecular Science, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, QLD, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yuyi You
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.,Save Sight Institute, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Stuart L Graham
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.,Save Sight Institute, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
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36
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Naik S, Pandey A, Lewis SA, Rao BSS, Mutalik S. Neuroprotection: A versatile approach to combat glaucoma. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 881:173208. [PMID: 32464192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In most retinal diseases, neuronal loss is the main cause of vision loss. Neuroprotection is the alteration of neurons and/or their environment to encourage the survival and function of the neurons, especially in environments that are deleterious to the neuronal health. The area of neuroprotection progresses with a therapeutically-based hope of improving vision and clinical outcomes for patients through the developments in neurotrophic therapy, antioxidative therapy, anti-excitotoxic, anti-ischemic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic care. In this review, we summarize the various neuroprotection strategies for the treatment of glaucoma, genetics of glaucoma and the role of various nanoplatforms in the treatment of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santoshi Naik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Abhijeet Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Shaila A Lewis
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Bola Sadashiva Satish Rao
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka State, India.
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37
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Adornetto A, Parisi V, Morrone LA, Corasaniti MT, Bagetta G, Tonin P, Russo R. The Role of Autophagy in Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:121. [PMID: 32211404 PMCID: PMC7066980 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved lysosomal-dependent pathway responsible for the degradation of cytoplasmic macromolecules. Based on the mechanism of cargo delivery to lysosomes, mammalian cells can undergo micro, macro, and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Other than physiological turnover of proteins and organelles, autophagy regulates cellular adaptation to different metabolic states and stressful conditions by allowing cellular survival or, when overactivated, participating to cell death. Due to their structure and function, neurons are highly dependent on autophagy efficiency and dysfunction of the pathway has been associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Glaucomatous optic neuropathies, a leading cause of blindness, are characterized by the progressive loss of a selective population of retinal neurons, i.e., the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Here we review the current literature on the role of autophagy in the pathogenic process that leads to the degeneration of RGC in various experimental models of glaucoma exploring the modulation of the pathway as a potential therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annagrazia Adornetto
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Parisi
- Visual Neurophysiology and Neurophthalmology Research Unit, IRCCS G.B. Bietti Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Antonio Morrone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | | | - Giacinto Bagetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Paolo Tonin
- Regional Center for Serious Brain Injuries, S. Anna Institute, Crotone, Italy
| | - Rossella Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
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Sato K, Nakagawa Y, Omodaka K, Asada H, Fujii S, Masaki K, Nakazawa T. The Sustained Release of Tafluprost with a Drug Delivery System Prevents the Axonal Injury-induced Loss of Retinal Ganglion Cells in Rats. Curr Eye Res 2020; 45:1114-1123. [PMID: 31994948 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1715446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigated whether a new drug delivery system (DDS) could enable the controlled release of tafluprost and suppress retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death in rats after optic nerve transection (ONT). METHODS A DDS containing 0.04%, 0.20% or 1.00% tafluprost, or vehicle, was injected intravitreally in 8-12-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats 7 days before ONT, and the retinas were extracted 7 days after ONT. For comparison, eye drops containing 0.0015% tafluprost or vehicle were used once a day. The extracted retinas were analyzed with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, immunohistochemistry and western blotting. RESULTS The level of tafluprost acid in the groups that received the 0.20% and 1.00% tafluprost DDSs was stable, and higher than the maximum concentration in the eye drop group, even after 14 days. In the retinas treated with the 1.00% tafluprost DDS, the active form of the drug had a high concentration (~50 times higher than eye drops), but no significant IOP difference compared with its vehicle in this study. The 1.00% tafluprost DDS group also had less cleaved α-fodrin and fewer c-Jun-positive cells than the vehicle DDS group. CONCLUSIONS This study found that a newly developed DDS allowed the controlled release of tafluprost and prevented the loss of RGCs after ONT IOP independently. The duration of drug action on the target site was longer with a tafluprost DDS than with topical instillation and should therefore reduce problems related to lack of patient compliance. This system may also enable new treatments to prevent RGC degeneration in diseases such as glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Sato
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai, Japan.,Collaborative Program for Ophthalmic Drug Discovery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai, Japan
| | - Yurika Nakagawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuko Omodaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Asada
- Pharmaceutical Technology Development, Global R&D, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd ., Nara, Japan
| | - Shinobu Fujii
- Pharmaceutical Technology Development, Global R&D, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd ., Nara, Japan
| | - Kenji Masaki
- Pharmaceutical Technology Development, Global R&D, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd ., Nara, Japan
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai, Japan.,Collaborative Program for Ophthalmic Drug Discovery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai, Japan.,Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai, Japan.,Department of Retinal Disease Control, Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai, Japan
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39
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Quan Y, Wu Y, Zhan Z, Yang Y, Chen X, Wu K, Yu M. Inhibition of the leucine-rich repeat protein lingo-1 enhances RGC survival in optic nerve injury. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:619-629. [PMID: 31885701 PMCID: PMC6913235 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat and immunoglobulin-like domain-containing nogo receptor-interacting protein 1 (lingo-1) is selectively expressed on neurons and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and acts as a negative regulator in neural repair, implying a potential role in optic neuropathy. The aim of the present study was to determine whether adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (AAV2) vector-mediated transfer of lingo-1 short hairpin RNA could reduce nerve crush-induced axonal degeneration and enhance axonal regeneration following optic nerve (ON) injury in vivo. The expression of lingo-1 was knocked down in vivo using a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged AAV2 encoding lingo-1 shRNA via intravitreal injection in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Silencing effects of AAV2-lingo-1-shRNA were confirmed by detecting GFP labelling of RGCs, and by quantifying lingo-1 expression levels with reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Rats received an intravitreal injection of AAV2-lingo-1-shRNA or negative control shRNA. The ON crush (ONC) injury was performed 2 weeks after the intravitreal injection. RGC density, lesion volume of the injured ON and the visual electrophysiology [flash visual evoked potential (F-VEP)] at different time points post-injury were determined. Transduction with lingo-1-shRNA decreased lingo-1 expression levels and promoted RGC survival following ONC. Lingo-1-shRNA promoted ON tissue repair and functional recovery. The mechanism underlying the effect of AAV2-lingo-1-shRNA on RGCs may be the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) at Ser473 and activation of the Akt signaling pathway acting downstream of lingo-1. The results of the current study indicate that the inhibition of lingo-1 may enhance RGC survival and facilitate functional recovery following ON injury, representing a promising potential strategy for the repair of optic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadan Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Yali Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Zongyi Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Yangfan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Kaili Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Minbin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
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40
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Claes M, De Groef L, Moons L. Target-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Deprivation Puts Retinal Ganglion Cells on Death Row: Cold Hard Evidence and Caveats. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4314. [PMID: 31484425 PMCID: PMC6747494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma and other optic neuropathies are characterized by axonal transport deficits. Axonal cargo travels back and forth between the soma and the axon terminus, a mechanism ensuring homeostasis and the viability of a neuron. An example of vital molecules in the axonal cargo are neurotrophic factors (NTFs). Hindered retrograde transport can cause a scarcity of those factors in the retina, which in turn can tilt the fate of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) towards apoptosis. This postulation is one of the most widely recognized theories to explain RGC death in the disease progression of glaucoma and is known as the NTF deprivation theory. For several decades, research has been focused on the use of NTFs as a novel neuroprotective glaucoma treatment. Until now, results in animal models have been promising, but translation to the clinic has been highly disappointing. Are we lacking important knowledge to lever NTF therapies towards the therapeutic armamentarium? Or did we get the wrong end of the stick regarding the NTF deprivation theory? In this review, we will tackle the existing evidence and caveats advocating for and against the target-derived NTF deprivation theory in glaucoma, whilst digging into associated therapy efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Claes
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lies De Groef
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieve Moons
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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41
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Fernández-Albarral JA, Ramírez AI, de Hoz R, López-Villarín N, Salobrar-García E, López-Cuenca I, Licastro E, Inarejos-García AM, Almodóvar P, Pinazo-Durán MD, Ramírez JM, Salazar JJ. Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Hydrophilic Saffron Extract in a Model of Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4110. [PMID: 31443568 PMCID: PMC6747458 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). An increase in the intraocular pressure is the principal risk factor for such loss, but controlling this pressure does not always prevent glaucomatous damage. Activation of immune cells resident in the retina (microglia) may contribute to RGC death. Thus, a substance with anti-inflammatory activity may protect against RGC degeneration. This study investigated the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of a hydrophilic saffron extract standardized to 3% crocin content in a mouse model of unilateral, laser-induced ocular hypertension (OHT). Treatment with saffron extract decreased microglion numbers and morphological signs of their activation, including soma size and process retraction, both in OHT and in contralateral eyes. Saffron extract treatment also partially reversed OHT-induced down-regulation of P2RY12. In addition, the extract prevented retinal ganglion cell death in OHT eyes. Oral administration of saffron extract was able to decrease the neuroinflammation associated with increased intraocular pressure, preventing retinal ganglion cell death. Our findings indicate that saffron extract may exert a protective effect in glaucomatous pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana I Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, UCM, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa de Hoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, UCM, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea López-Villarín
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Salobrar-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés López-Cuenca
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Licastro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Paula Almodóvar
- Pharmactive Biotech Products, SL. Parque Científico de Madrid, Faraday 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria D Pinazo-Durán
- Unidad de Investigación Oftalmológica Santiago Grisolia, Universidad de Valencia, 46017 Valencia, Spain
| | - José M Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Medicina, UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan J Salazar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, UCM, 28037 Madrid, Spain.
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42
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Buchanan RA, Foley KE, Pepper KW, Reagan AM, Keezer KJ, Hewes AA, Diemler CA, Preuss C, Soto I, John SWM, Howell GR. Meox2 Haploinsufficiency Accelerates Axonal Degeneration in DBA/2J Glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:3283-3296. [PMID: 31369031 PMCID: PMC6676925 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-26126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Glaucoma is a complex disease with major risk factors including advancing age and increased intraocular pressure (IOP). Dissecting these earliest events will likely identify new avenues for therapeutics. Previously, we performed transcriptional profiling in DBA/2J (D2) mice, a widely used mouse model relevant to glaucoma. Here, we use these data to identify and test regulators of early gene expression changes in DBA/2J glaucoma. Methods Upstream regulator analysis (URA) in Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was performed to identify potential master regulators of differentially expressed genes. The function of one putative regulator, mesenchyme homeobox 2 (Meox2), was tested using a combination of genetic, biochemical, and immunofluorescence approaches. Results URA identified Meox2 as a potential regulator of early gene expression changes in the optic nerve head (ONH) of DBA/2J mice. Meox2 haploinsufficiency did not affect the characteristic diseases of the iris or IOP elevation seen in DBA/2J mice but did cause a significant increase in the numbers of eyes with axon damage compared to controls. While young mice appeared normal, aged Meox2 haploinsufficient DBA/2J mice showed a 44% reduction in MEOX2 protein levels. This correlated with modulation of age- and disease-specific vascular and myeloid alterations. Conclusions Our data support a model whereby Meox2 controls IOP-dependent vascular remodeling and neuroinflammation to promote axon survival. Promoting these earliest responses prior to IOP elevation may be a viable neuroprotective strategy to delay or prevent human glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kate E Foley
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States.,Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | | | - Kelly J Keezer
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States
| | - Amanda A Hewes
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States
| | - Cory A Diemler
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States
| | | | - Ileana Soto
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, United States.,Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, United States
| | - Simon W M John
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States.,Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, United States
| | - Gareth R Howell
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States.,Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, United States
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43
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Syc-Mazurek SB, Libby RT. Axon injury signaling and compartmentalized injury response in glaucoma. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 73:100769. [PMID: 31301400 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Axonal degeneration is an active, highly controlled process that contributes to beneficial processes, such as developmental pruning, but also to neurodegeneration. In glaucoma, ocular hypertension leads to vision loss by killing the output neurons of the retina, the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Multiple processes have been proposed to contribute to and/or mediate axonal injury in glaucoma, including: neuroinflammation, loss of neurotrophic factors, dysregulation of the neurovascular unit, and disruption of the axonal cytoskeleton. While the inciting injury to RGCs in glaucoma is complex and potentially heterogeneous, axonal injury is ultimately thought to be the key insult that drives glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Glaucomatous neurodegeneration is a complex process, with multiple molecular signals contributing to RGC somal loss and axonal degeneration. Furthermore, the propagation of the axonal injury signal is complex, with injury triggering programs of degeneration in both the somal and axonal compartment. Further complicating this process is the involvement of multiple cell types that are known to participate in the process of axonal and neuronal degeneration after glaucomatous injury. Here, we review the axonal signaling that occurs after injury and the molecular signaling programs currently known to be important for somal and axonal degeneration after glaucoma-relevant axonal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie B Syc-Mazurek
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Richard T Libby
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; The Center for Visual Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
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44
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Nakagawa A, Sakai O, Tokushige H, Fujishiro T, Aihara M. Development and characterization of a new rat ocular hypertension model induced by intracameral injection of conjunctival fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6593. [PMID: 31036934 PMCID: PMC6488598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a chronic optic neuropathy that leads to visual field loss. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying glaucoma is essential for developing new treatments, such as neuroprotective drugs. Various glaucoma models based on the induction of intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation have been established for use in glaucoma studies. However, the time-dependent pathological changes accompanying IOP elevation have not been fully elucidated. In this study, rat conjunctival fibroblasts were injected into the anterior chamber of rat eyes, and IOP elevation was induced for 28 days. Glaucomatous signs such as optic nerve head cupping, retinal thinning, glial activation and apoptotic signaling in the retina were obvious in the cell-injected eyes on the 14th day after injection. The pattern of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss differed by the magnitude of IOP elevation. The number of RGCs decreased by 37.5% in eyes with IOP lower than 50 mmHg (Under-50) and by 88.0% in those with IOP higher than 50 mmHg (Over-50) 28 days after cell injection. The RGC counts were correlated with IOP in the Under-50 group but not in the Over-50 group. Our model may contribute to the investigation of pathogenic mechanisms of glaucoma and the development of new glaucoma treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Nakagawa
- Central Research Laboratories, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-4-3, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuoku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Osamu Sakai
- Central Research Laboratories, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-4-3, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuoku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hideki Tokushige
- Central Research Laboratories, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-4-3, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuoku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujishiro
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Makoto Aihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
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45
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Segatto M, Fico E, Gharbiya M, Rosso P, Carito V, Tirassa P, Plateroti R, Lambiase A. VEGF inhibition alters neurotrophin signalling pathways and induces caspase-3 activation and autophagy in rabbit retina. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18297-18307. [PMID: 30891770 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to evaluate the prospective role exerted by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the modulation of nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signalling pathways in the rabbit retina. To reach this aim, the anti-VEGF agents aflibercept and ranibizumab were used as a pharmacological approach to evaluate the putative consequences elicited by VEGF inhibition on neurotrophin signalling. VEGF inhibition determined a marked imbalance in proneurotrophin expression, a significant reduction in TrkA and TrkB phosphorylation states and a decrease in the pan-neurotrophin receptor p75. Importantly, VEGF blockade also caused a strong increase in cleaved caspase-3, beclin-1 and lipidated LC3. The effects were more pronounced in the aflibercept group when compared with ranibizumab-treated rabbits, particularly 1 week after injection. This study demonstrates that VEGF exerts pivotal physiological roles in regulating NGF and BDNF pathways in the retina, as its inhibition by anti-VEGF agents deeply impacts neurotrophin homeostasis. These events are accompanied by a sustained induction of apoptotic and autophagic markers, suggesting that anti-VEGF-dependent impairments in neurotrophin signalling could be responsible for the activation of retinal cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Segatto
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy.,Department of Sense Organs, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Fico
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN-CNR), Rome, Italy.,Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Magda Gharbiya
- Department of Sense Organs, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Pamela Rosso
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Carito
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Tirassa
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Plateroti
- Department of Sense Organs, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
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46
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Arranz-Romera A, Davis B, Bravo-Osuna I, Esteban-Pérez S, Molina-Martínez I, Shamsher E, Ravindran N, Guo L, Cordeiro M, Herrero-Vanrell R. Simultaneous co-delivery of neuroprotective drugs from multi-loaded PLGA microspheres for the treatment of glaucoma. J Control Release 2019; 297:26-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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47
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Devoldere J, Peynshaert K, De Smedt SC, Remaut K. Müller cells as a target for retinal therapy. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1483-1498. [PMID: 30731239 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Müller cells are specialized glial cells that span the entire retina from the vitreous cavity to the subretinal space. Their functional diversity and unique radial morphology render them particularly interesting targets for new therapeutic approaches. In this review, we reflect on various possibilities for selective Müller cell targeting and describe how some of their cellular mechanisms can be used for retinal neuroprotection. Intriguingly, cross-species investigation of their properties has revealed that Müller cells also have an essential role in retinal regeneration. Although many questions regarding this subject remain, it is clear that Müller cells have unique characteristics that make them suitable targets for the prevention and treatment of numerous retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joke Devoldere
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karen Peynshaert
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Remaut
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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48
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Wang X, Yuan ZL. Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway protects retinal ganglion cells from a rat chronic ocular hypertension model of glaucoma. Int Ophthalmol 2019; 39:2303-2312. [PMID: 30637543 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-018-01071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this work was to find out the effects of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) pathway on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) injury in glaucoma. METHODS The chronic ocular hypertension (COH) rat models of glaucoma were constructed, and intraocular pressure (IOP) and RGC numbers were detected at different time points. Additionally, rats were divided into normal group (normal control rats), model group (COH model rats), and model + tBHQ group (COH model rats treated with Nrf activator, tBHQ). RGC apoptosis was detected by using TUNEL staining, and the expressions of Nrf2/HO-1 were detected by qRT-PCR and western blotting. RESULTS COH model rats showed significant IOP elevation and the increased mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 from 1 to 6 weeks after operation, with the evidently decreased RGC numbers at 4 weeks and 6 weeks after operation (all P < 0.05). Besides, rats in the model group had increased apoptosis index (AI) of RGCs and the elevated mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2/HO-1 with remarkably reduced RGC numbers when compared with normal control rats, but the model rats treated with tBHQ exhibited an apparent decrease in AI of RGCs, as well as remarkable increases in RGC numbers and the mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2/HO-1 (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway significantly reduced the apoptosis and injury of RGCs in rats with chronic ocular hypertension (COH), thereby protecting RGCs in glaucoma, which could be a promising clinical target to prevent RGC degeneration in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - Zhi-Lan Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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49
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Abstract
Many diseases are related to age, among these neurodegeneration is particularly important. Alzheimer's disease Parkinson's and Glaucoma have many common pathogenic events including oxidative damage, Mitochondrial dysfunction, endothelial alterations and changes in the visual field. These are well known in the case of glaucoma, less in the case of neurodegeneration of the brain. Many other molecular aspects are common, such as the role of endoplasmic reticulum autophagy and neuronal apoptosis while others have been neglected due to lack of space such as inflammatory cytokine or miRNA. Moreover, the loss of specific neuronal populations, the induction of similar mechanisms of cell injury and the deposition of protein aggregates in specific anatomical areas are very similar events between these diseases. Intracellular and/or extracellular accumulation of protein aggregates is a key feature of many neurodegenerative disorders. The existence of abnormal protein aggregates has been documented in the RGCs of glaucomatous patients such as the anomalous Tau protein or the β-amyloid accumulations. Intra-cell catabolic processes also appear to be common in both glaucoma and neurodegeneration. They also help us to understand how the basis between these diseases is common and how the visual aspects can be a serious problem for those who are affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Claudio Saccà
- Department of Head/Neck Pathologies, St Martino Hospital, Ophthalmology Unit, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Carlo Alberto Cutolo
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Science, University of Genoa, Policlinico San Martino Hospital, Eye Clinic Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Rossi
- Department of Head/Neck Pathologies, St Martino Hospital, Ophthalmology Unit, Genoa, Italy
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50
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Qin X, Li N, Zhang M, Lin S, Zhu J, Xiao D, Cui W, Zhang T, Lin Y, Cai X. Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids prevent retina ischemia-reperfusion injury from oxidative stress via activating the Akt/Nrf2 pathway. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:20667-20675. [PMID: 31642452 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr07171g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Retinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injuries are involved in the universal pathological processes of many ophthalmic diseases, including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal arterial occlusion.
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