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Dong L, Zhang H, Zhang G, Li F, Li M, Wang H, Ye X, Ren X, Zhang J, Peng C, Liu H, Wu L. Polystyrene Sulfonate Resin as an Ophthalmic Carrier for Enhanced Bioavailability of Ligustrazine Phosphate Controlled Release System. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:2786-2794. [PMID: 38986870 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Topical ocular sustained-release drug delivery systems represent an effective strategy for the treatment of ocular diseases, for which a suitable carrier has yet to be sufficiently developed. Herein, an eye-compatible sodium polystyrene sulfonate resin (SPSR) was synthesized with a uniform particle size of about 3 μm. Ligustrazine phosphate (LP) was adsorbed to SPSR by cation exchange to form LP@SPSR. LP@SPSR suspension eye drops were further developed using the combination of Carbopol 934P and xanthan gum as suspending agents. The LP@SPSR suspension showed a sustained release in vitro, which was consistent with the observed porcine corneal penetration ex vivo. Pharmacokinetics in tear fluid of rabits indicated that LP@SPSR suspension led to prolonged ocular retention of LP and a 2-fold improved the area under the drug concentration-time curve (AUC0-t). Pharmacokinetics in the aqueous humor of rabbits showed 2.8-fold enhancement in the AUC0-t compared to LP solution. The LP@SPSR suspension exhibited no cytotoxicity to human corneal epithelial cells, nor irritation was observed in rabbit eyes. Thus, the LP@SPSR suspension has been validated as a safe and sustained release system leading to enhanced ophthalmic bioavailability for treating ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226133, China; Jiangsu Yunshi Pharmaceutical Technology Co.Ltd., Nantong 226133, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226133, China; Jiangsu Yunshi Pharmaceutical Technology Co.Ltd., Nantong 226133, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Jiangsu Yunshi Pharmaceutical Technology Co.Ltd., Nantong 226133, China
| | - Falan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226133, China; Jiangsu Yunshi Pharmaceutical Technology Co.Ltd., Nantong 226133, China
| | - Mingwei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226133, China; Jiangsu Yunshi Pharmaceutical Technology Co.Ltd., Nantong 226133, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226133, China; Jiangsu Yunshi Pharmaceutical Technology Co.Ltd., Nantong 226133, China
| | - Xinyue Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226133, China; Jiangsu Yunshi Pharmaceutical Technology Co.Ltd., Nantong 226133, China
| | - Xiaohong Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226133, China; Jiangsu Yunshi Pharmaceutical Technology Co.Ltd., Nantong 226133, China
| | - Can Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Hongfei Liu
- Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China; Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226133, China; Jiangsu Yunshi Pharmaceutical Technology Co.Ltd., Nantong 226133, China.
| | - Li Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226133, China.
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Xie LK, Xu XJ, Wu X, Wang MJ, Gao CF, Wang DM, Ren SM, Pan YN, Liu XQ. Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. extract alleviate cataract development by regulating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway of the lens epithelial cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 284:114783. [PMID: 34715300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. (CBP) is a cruciferous plant valuable in reducing fever, improving eyesight and calming the liver. This herb was recorded in the Compendium of Materia Medica for cataract treatment. AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the effects and mechanism of CBP on cataract prevention and treatment using a selenite cataract model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The main compounds in CBP extract were analyzed by UPLC, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopic techniques. Flavonoids formed a significant proportion of its compounds, thus necessitating an evaluation of their inhibitory effects on the development of cataract using a selenite cataract model. The protective effects of CBP flavonoids (CBPF) against oxidative damage and the modulation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway were subsequently verified on H2O2-treated SRA01/04 lens epithelial cells. RESULTS CBPF significantly alleviated the development of cataract by decreasing the MDA level and increasing the GSH-Px and SOD levels in the lens. It also inhibited H2O2-induced apoptosis in SRA01/04 cells, increased the expression of Bcl-2 protein and decreased the expressions of Caspase-3 and Bax proteins. CONCLUSION CBPF exerts a significant preventive effect on cataract development by regulating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway of the lens epithelial cells. It is thus a potent traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) whose application should be further developed for the clinical treatment of cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Kun Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Xia-Jing Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Xiao Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Meng-Jiao Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Cheng-Feng Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Dong-Mei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Shu-Meng Ren
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Ying-Ni Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Qiu Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
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Chen H, Zhou J. Effects of Sodium Selenite on Oxidative Damage in the Liver, Kidney and Brain in a Selenite Cataract Rat Model. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 197:533-543. [PMID: 31832924 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-02000-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Selenite cataracts are effective and convenient animal models for simulation of human senile nuclear cataracts. These models are widely used to study the effects of various stresses on eye lenses and to screen anticataract drugs. However, there have been no comprehensive toxicological evaluations of these animal models. To investigate the effects of sodium selenite on some important organs in selenite cataract model animals, this study analyzed (1) histopathology by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining; (2) methionine sulfoxide reductase (Msr) A and B1 protein expression; (3) glutathione peroxidase (GPx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity; and (4) malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the liver, kidney, and brain in a selenite cataract rat model. The results showed that sodium selenite induced severe oxidative damage, especially in the hippocampus and corpus striatum of the brain, in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. This damage was evidenced by mild gliocyte proliferation, significant disorder of neuronal arrangement with acidophilic changes in the hippocampus, and significant occurrence of focal microglia or lymphocytic infiltration in the corpus striatum after selenite injection for cataract simulation. The damage was closely related to significant decreases in antioxidant enzyme expression and activity and significant increases in lipid peroxidation (MDA) levels. Furthermore, nonsignificant swelling and scattered spotty necrosis were observed in the liver. These results imply that physiological changes in model animals should be considered when carrying out anticataract drug screening and that pathological changes in other nontarget organs should be prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Chen
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Technology and Business University, Wuhan, 430065, People's Republic of China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
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AlKreathy HM, Alghamdi MK, Esmat A. Tetramethylpyrazine ameliorates indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats: Impact on oxidative, inflammatory, and angiogenic machineries. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:916-926. [PMID: 32792836 PMCID: PMC7414077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Available antiulcer medications reveal partial efficacy and numerous adverse reactions. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) was known for its potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and angiogenic properties. The aim of current study was to investigate the potential gastroprotective effect of TMP against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats with possible underlying mechanisms. TMP was tested at 3 doses (15, 30 & 60 mg/kg/d po) three days before indomethacin challenge (25 mg/kg ip). Gastric tissue was evaluated morphologically and histopathologically. Oxidative statuses were assessed via glutathione content (GSH), malondialdhyde (MDA) and catalase (CAT) activity, while TNFα and IL-6 were measured as inflammatory mediators. Gastric PGE2 was investigated in addition to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). TMP was effective (at 30 and 60 mg/kg/d) in promoting mucus secretion and preventing histopathologic changes induced by indomethacin. Mechanistically, TMP significantly enhanced GSH content and CAT activity while reducing lipid peroxidation as expressed by MDA concentration. Moreover, TMP effectively reduced TNFα, IL-6 and intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) concentrations. On the other hand, TMP enhanced both COX-1 and PGE2 and encouraged angiogenesis via increasing VEGF expression. In conclusion, TMP possesses a protective effect against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer. This could be explained - at least partly - by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and angiogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda M. AlKreathy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed K. Alghamdi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Esmat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Corresponding author at: Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
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Cx46 hemichannel modulation by nitric oxide: Role of the fourth transmembrane helix cysteine and its possible involvement in cataract formation. Nitric Oxide 2019; 86:54-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Xu L, Qiu WX, Liu WL, Zhang C, Zou MZ, Sun YX, Zhang XZ. PLA–PEG Micelles Loaded with a Classic Vasodilator for Oxidative Cataract Prevention. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:407-412. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xiu Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei-Zhen Zou
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun-Xia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
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Antifatigue Potential Activity of Sarcodon imbricatus in Acute Excise-Treated and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in Mice via Regulation of Nrf2-Mediated Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:9140896. [PMID: 30050662 PMCID: PMC6046126 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9140896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sarcodon imbricatus (SI), a precious edible fungus, contains 35.22% of total sugar, 18.33% of total protein, 24 types of fatty acid, 16 types of amino acid, and 8 types of minerals. Encouragingly, it is rich in potential antioxidants such as total polyphenols (0.41%), total sterols (3.16%), and vitamins (0.44%). In the present study, the antifatigue properties of SI and its potential mechanisms of action were explored by the experiments on acute excise-treated mice and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) mice. SI (0.25, 0.5, and 1 g/kg) significantly enhanced exercise tolerance in the weight-loaded forced swimming test (FST) and rota-rod test (RRT) and reduced the immobility in the tail suspension test on CFS mice. SI markedly increased the levels of glycogen in the liver and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the liver and muscle and decreased the lactic acid (LD) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) content in both acute swimming-treated mice and CFS mice. SI improved the endogenous cellular antioxidant enzyme contents in the two mouse models by improving the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum, liver, and muscle, respectively. In CFS mice, the enhanced expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), SOD1, SOD2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and catalase (CAT) in the liver were observed after a 32-day SI administration. Our data indicated that SI possessed antifatigue activity, which may be related to its ability to normalize energy metabolism and Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress. Consequently, SI can be expected to serve as a novel natural antifatigue supplement in health foods.
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Tetramethylpyrazine blocks TFAM degradation and up-regulates mitochondrial DNA copy number by interacting with TFAM. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170319. [PMID: 28465355 PMCID: PMC5434891 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural small molecule compound: 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), is a major component of the Chinese medicine Chuanxiong, which has wide clinical applications in dilating blood vessels, inhibiting platelet aggregation and treating thrombosis. Recent work suggests that TMP is also an antitumour agent. Despite its chemotherapeutic potential, the mechanism(s) underlying TMP action are unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that TMP binds to mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and blocks its degradation by the mitochondrial Lon protease. TFAM is a key regulator of mtDNA replication, transcription and transmission. Our previous work showed that when TFAM is not bound to DNA, it is rapidly degraded by the ATP-dependent Lon protease, which is essential for mitochondrial proteostasis. In cultured cells, TMP specifically blocks Lon-mediated degradation of TFAM, leading to TFAM accumulation and subsequent up-regulation of mtDNA content in cells with substantially low levels of mtDNA. In vitro protease assays show that TMP does not directly inhibit mitochondrial Lon, rather interacts with TFAM and blocks degradation. Pull-down assays show that biotinylated TMP interacts with TFAM. These findings suggest a novel mechanism whereby TMP stabilizes TFAM and confers resistance to Lon-mediated degradation, thereby promoting mtDNA up-regulation in cells with low mtDNA content.
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Schlotterer A, Greten HJ, Remppis BA, Kukudov G, Efferth T, Machado J, Humpert P, Hammes HP, Morcos M. Neuroprotection and antioxidative effects of Sijunzi Tang Decoction in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Eur J Integr Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Zhang X, Wei J, Ma P, Mu H, Wang A, Zhang L, Wu Z, Sun K. Preparation and evaluation of a novel biodegradable long-acting intravitreal implant containing ligustrazine for the treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 67:160-9. [PMID: 25557298 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is challenging to deliver the therapeutic drug effectively to the posterior ocular disease location with optimized exposure and long-term effects when treating proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). The objective of this study is to develop a novel biodegradable and long-acting ocular implant for PVR therapy with ligustrazine as the active ingredient. METHODS The ligustrazine implants were prepared with poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) using a hot-melting extrusion. The physicochemical properties of the implants were characterized. The effectiveness of the selected ligustrazine implants was evaluated in a PVR rabbit model. Furthermore, the in-vitro drug release profile and pharmacokinetics were compared, and in-vitro/in-vivo correlations were evaluated. KEY FINDINGS The optimal implants had an ideal zero-order in-vitro drug release profile, which was correlated with the in-vivo drug absorption fraction in the vitreous bodies of the rabbits. The sustained-release ligustrazine implants significantly reduced the development of PVR in the animal model. CONCLUSIONS Ligustrazine implants can be used to treat posterior ocular disease in rabbit animal models, and it provides more choices for medical research on posterior ocular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China; State Key Laboratory of Long-Acting and Targeting Drug Delivery System, Shandong Luye Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Li N, Deng XG, Zhang SH, He MF, Zhao DQ. Effects of different concentrations of tetramethylpyrazine, an active constituent of Chinese herb, on human corneal epithelial cell damaged by hydrogen peroxide. Int J Ophthalmol 2014; 7:947-51. [PMID: 25540744 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2014.06.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To discuss the effects of different concentrations of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), an active constituent of Chinese herb, on damaged Shandong human corneal epithelial cell (SDHCEC) induced by hydrogen peroxide. METHODS We detected the combined effects of TMP with concentrations ranging from 4 mg/mL to 0.03 mg/mL and 800 µM hydrogen peroxide on SDHCEC. The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was processed at 3, 6 and 12h separately while the detection of cell apoptosis at 6h only by flow cytometry. RESULTS The viability of SDHCEC with 0.5 mg/mL, 0.25 mg/mL, 0.125 mg/mL and 0.06 mg/mL TMP joint with 800 µM hydrogen peroxide at 3h and 6h was significantly higher than that with 800 µM hydrogen peroxide only, P<0.05. However, except 0.25 mg/mL, TMP with other concentrations joint with 800 µM hydrogen peroxide at 12h could not significantly inhibit decreased SDHCEC viability induced by 800 µM hydrogen peroxide. At 12h, TMP of 0.5 mg/mL, 0.25 mg/mL, 0.125 mg/mL and 0.06 mg/mL could significantly inhibit SDHCEC early apoptosis induced by 800 µM hydrogen peroxide, most remarkable at 0.25 mg/mL TMP, P<0.05. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that hydrogen peroxide can induce apoptosis related damage to SDHCEC. TMP can protect SDHCEC from the damage, and the protective effects may be associated with its anti-apoptosis mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China ; Department of Ophthalmology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou 516001, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xin-Guo Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shi-Hua Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou 516001, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mei-Feng He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dong-Qing Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou 516001, Guangdong Province, China
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Hsu YW, Yeh SM, Chen YY, Chen YC, Lin SL, Tseng JK. Protective effects of taurine against alloxan-induced diabetic cataracts and refraction changes in New Zealand White rabbits. Exp Eye Res 2012; 103:71-7. [PMID: 22940558 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the protective effects of taurine on alloxan-induced diabetic cataracts and lens damage in male New Zealand White rabbits. The animals were randomly divided into three treatment groups: (1) normal control (vehicle administration); (2) diabetes (100 mg/kg alloxan administration); and (3) diabetes + taurine (1% [w/v] taurine dissolved in drinking water and alloxan administration). The results showed that alloxan-induced diabetes caused significant (p < 0.05) hyperglycemia, hyperopic refraction shifts, cataract formation and lens damage compared with the normal control group. In contrast, the administration of taurine for 24 weeks significantly ameliorated the alloxan-induced elevated levels of blood glucose, level of hyperopic refraction error shifts in the eyes and progression of diabetic cataract formation in the lens in rabbits. Moreover, histopathology showed that the taurine supplement reduced the incidence of lens lesions induced by hyperglycemia. Overall, the studies demonstrate that taurine exhibits potent protective effects against alloxan-induced diabetic cataracts and refraction changes in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Hsu
- School of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung City 402, Taiwan, ROC
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Cheng Z. Interaction of tetramethylpyrazine with two serum albumins by a hybrid spectroscopic method. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 93:321-330. [PMID: 22484270 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The interactions of tetramethylpyrazine (TMPZ) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum albumin (HSA) have been investigated by various spectroscopic techniques. Fluorescence tests showed that TMPZ could bind to BSA/HSA to form complexes. The binding constants of TMPZ-BSA and TMPZ-HSA complexes were observed to be 1.442 × 10(4) and 3.302 × 10(4)M(-1) at 298K, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔG, ΔH and ΔS) calculated on the basis of different temperatures revealed that the binding of TMPZ-HSA was mainly depended on hydrophobic interaction, and yet the binding of TMPZ-BSA might involve hydrophobic interaction strongly and electrostatic interaction. The results of synchronous fluorescence, three-dimensional fluorescence, UV-vis absorption, FT-IR and CD spectra showed that the conformations of both BSA and HSA altered with the addition of TMPZ. The binding average distance between TMPZ and BSA/HSA was evaluated according to Föster non-radioactive energy transfer theory. In addition, with the aid of site markers (such as, phenylbutazone, ibuprofen and digitoxin), TMPZ primarily bound to tryptophan residues of BSA/HSA within site I (sub-domain II A).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjun Cheng
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China.
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Moreau KL, King JA. Protein misfolding and aggregation in cataract disease and prospects for prevention. Trends Mol Med 2012; 18:273-82. [PMID: 22520268 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The transparency of the eye lens depends on maintaining the native tertiary structures and solubility of the lens crystallin proteins over a lifetime. Cataract, the leading cause of blindness worldwide, is caused by protein aggregation within the protected lens environment. With age, covalent protein damage accumulates through pathways thought to include UV radiation, oxidation, deamidation, and truncations. Experiments suggest that the resulting protein destabilization leads to partially unfolded, aggregation-prone intermediates and the formation of insoluble, light-scattering protein aggregates. These aggregates either include or overwhelm the protein chaperone content of the lens. Here, we review the causes of cataract and nonsurgical methods being investigated to inhibit or delay cataract development, including natural product-based therapies, modulators of oxidation, and protein aggregation inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Moreau
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 68-330, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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