1
|
Kállai-Szabó N, Farkas D, Lengyel M, Basa B, Fleck C, Antal I. Microparticles and multi-unit systems for advanced drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 194:106704. [PMID: 38228279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Microparticles have unique benefits in the formulation of multiparticulate and multi-unit type pharmaceutical dosage forms allowing improved drug safety and efficacy with favorable pharmacokinetics and patient centricity. On the other hand, the above advantages are served by high and well reproducible quality attributes of the medicinal product where even flexible design and controlled processability offer success as well as possible longer product life-cycle for the manufacturers. Moreover, the specific demands of patients can be taken into account, including simplified dosing regimens, flexible dosage, drug combinations, palatability, and ease of swallowing. In the more than 70 years since the first modified-release formulation appeared on the market, many new formulations have been marketed and many publications have appeared in the literature. More unique and newer pharmaceutical technologies and excipients have become available for producing tailor-made particles with micrometer dimensions and beyond. All these have contributed to the fact that the sub-units (e.g. minitablets, pellets, microspheres) that make up a multiparticulate system can vary widely in composition and properties. Some units have mucoadhesive properties and others can float to contribute to a suitable release profile that can be designed for the multiparticulate formula as a whole. Nowadays, there are some available formulations on the market, which are able to release the active substance even for several months (3 or 6 months depending on the type of treatment). In this review, the latest developments in technologies that have been used for a long time are presented, as well as innovative solutions such as the applicability of 3D printing to produce subunits of multiparticulate systems. Furthermore, the diversity of multiparticulate systems, different routes of administration are also presented, touching the ones which are capable of carrying the active substance as well as the relevant, commercially available multiparticle-based medical devices. The versatility in size from 1 µm and multiplicity of formulation technologies promise a solid foundation for the future applications of dosage form design and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett Kállai-Szabó
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Str. 7, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Farkas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Str. 7, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miléna Lengyel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Str. 7, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Basa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Str. 7, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christian Fleck
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Str. 7, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Antal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Str. 7, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Al-Qaysi ZK, Beadham IG, Schwikkard SL, Bear JC, Al-Kinani AA, Alany RG. Sustained release ocular drug delivery systems for glaucoma therapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:905-919. [PMID: 37249548 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2219053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glaucoma is a group of progressive optic neuropathies resulting in irreversible blindness. It is associated with an elevation of intraocular pressure (>21 mm Hg) and optic nerve damage. Reduction of the intraocular pressure (IOP) through the administration of ocular hypotensive eye drops is one of the most common therapeutic strategies. Patient adherence to conventional eye drops remains a major obstacle in preventing glaucoma progression. Additional problems emerge from inadequate patient education as well as local and systemic side effects associated with adminstering ocular hypotensive drugs. AREAS COVERED Sustained-release drug delivery systems for glaucoma treatment are classified into extraocular systems including wearable ocular surface devices or multi-use (immediate-release) eye formulations (such as aqueous solutions, gels; ocular inserts, contact lenses, periocular rings, or punctual plugs) and intraocular drug delivery systems (such as intraocular implants, and microspheres for supraciliary drug delivery). EXPERT OPINION Sustained release platforms for the delivery of ocular hypotensive drugs (small molecules and biologics) may improve patient adherence and prevent vision loss. Such innovations will only be widely adopted when efficacy and safety has been established through large-scale trials. Sustained release drug delivery can improve glaucoma treatment adherence and reverse/prevent vision deterioration. It is expected that these approaches will improve clinical management and prognosis of glaucoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zinah K Al-Qaysi
- Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care (DDDPC) Theme, Department of Pharmacy, Kingston University London, Kingston Upon Thames, UK
| | - Ian G Beadham
- Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care (DDDPC) Theme, Department of Pharmacy, Kingston University London, Kingston Upon Thames, UK
| | - Sianne L Schwikkard
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston Upon Thames, UK
| | - Joseph C Bear
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston Upon Thames, UK
| | - Ali A Al-Kinani
- Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care (DDDPC) Theme, Department of Pharmacy, Kingston University London, Kingston Upon Thames, UK
| | - Raid G Alany
- Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care (DDDPC) Theme, Department of Pharmacy, Kingston University London, Kingston Upon Thames, UK
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang C, Shen Y, Zhao Y, Zhang Z, Gao S, Hong J, Xu J, Meng Q, Sun X, Sun J. Sustained release of brimonidine from polydimethylsiloxane-coating silicone rubber implant to reduce intraocular pressure in glaucoma. Regen Biomater 2023; 10:rbad041. [PMID: 37303848 PMCID: PMC10247868 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbad041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness, affecting 111 million people by 2040 worldwide. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only controllable risk factor for the disease and current treatment options seek to reduce IOP via daily taking eye drops. However, shortcomings of eye drops, such as poor bioavailability and unsatisfied therapeutic effects, may lead to inadequate patient compliance. In this study, an effective brimonidine (BRI)-loaded silicone rubber (SR) implant coated with polydimethylsiloxane (BRI@SR@PDMS) is designed and fully investigated for IOP reduction treatment. The in vitro BRI release from BRI@SR@PDMS implant reveals a more sustainable trend lasting over 1 month, with a gradually declined immediate drug concentration. The carrier materials show no cytotoxicity on human corneal epithelial cells and mice corneal epithelial cells in vitro. After administrated into rabbit's conjunctival sac, the BRI@SR@PDMS implant releases BRI in a sustained fashion and effectively reduces IOP for 18 days with great biosafety. In contrast, BRI eye drops only maintain IOP-lowering effect for 6 h. Therefore, as a substitute of eye drops, the BRI@SR@PDMS implant can be applied as a promising non-invasive platform to achieve long-term IOP-lowering in patients suffering from ocular hypertension or glaucoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhutian Zhang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shunxiang Gao
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiaxu Hong
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jianjiang Xu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai 200031, China
| | | | | | - Jianguo Sun
- Correspondence address. (J.S.); (X.S.); (Q.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mucoadhesive brinzolamide-loaded nanofibers for alternative glaucoma treatment. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 180:48-62. [PMID: 36167272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the advances in the field of pharmaceutical materials and technology, topical administration remains a method of choice for the treatment of eye diseases such as glaucoma, with eye drops being a leading dosage form. Their main disadvantage is a very short drug residence time and thus poor drug bioavailability, leading to the necessity of continuous repeated dosing. Mucoadhesive electrospun nanofibers are promising candidates for overcoming these challenges, while still benefiting from topical ocular administration. As an alternative for eye drops, a nanofibrous drug delivery system (DDS) for the delivery of brinzolamide (BRZ), based on β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and polycaprolactone (PCL), was designed. The results showed β-CD/BRZ guest-host interactions, successful drug incorporation into the nanofibers, and the possibility of more accurate dosing in comparison with the control eye drops. Drug permeation through sheep corneas was almost linear in time, achieving therapeutic concentrations in the receptor medium, and mucoadhesion to sheep eye mucosa was relatively high in case of formulations with high HPC content. All formulations were biocompatible, their mechanical properties were sufficient to handle them without caution and UV irradiation was suitable to reduce bioburden of the fibers matrix, yet no antibacterial properties of BRZ were observed.
Collapse
|
5
|
Allyn MM, Luo RH, Hellwarth EB, Swindle-Reilly KE. Considerations for Polymers Used in Ocular Drug Delivery. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:787644. [PMID: 35155469 PMCID: PMC8831705 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.787644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Age-related eye diseases are becoming more prevalent. A notable increase has been seen in the most common causes including glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and cataract. Current clinical treatments vary from tissue replacement with polymers to topical eye drops and intravitreal injections. Research and development efforts have increased using polymers for sustained release to the eye to overcome treatment challenges, showing promise in improving drug release and delivery, patient experience, and treatment compliance. Polymers provide unique properties that allow for specific engineered devices to provide improved treatment options. Recent work has shown the utilization of synthetic and biopolymer derived biomaterials in various forms, with this review containing a focus on polymers Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for ocular use. METHODS This provides an overview of some prevalent synthetic polymers and biopolymers used in ocular delivery and their benefits, brief discussion of the various types and synthesis methods used, and administration techniques. Polymers approved by the FDA for different applications in the eye are listed and compared to new polymers being explored in the literature. This article summarizes research findings using polymers for ocular drug delivery from various stages: laboratory, preclinical studies, clinical trials, and currently approved. This review also focuses on some of the challenges to bringing these new innovations to the clinic, including limited selection of approved polymers. RESULTS Polymers help improve drug delivery by increasing solubility, controlling pharmacokinetics, and extending release. Several polymer classes including synthetic, biopolymer, and combinations were discussed along with the benefits and challenges of each class. The ways both polymer synthesis and processing techniques can influence drug release in the eye were discussed. CONCLUSION The use of biomaterials, specifically polymers, is a well-studied field for drug delivery, and polymers have been used as implants in the eye for over 75 years. Promising new ocular drug delivery systems are emerging using polymers an innovative option for treating ocular diseases because of their tunable properties. This review touches on important considerations and challenges of using polymers for sustained ocular drug delivery with the goal translating research to the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan M. Allyn
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Richard H. Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Elle B. Hellwarth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Katelyn E. Swindle-Reilly
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kumar S, Benavente-Perez A, Ablordeppey R, Lin C, Viswanathan S, Akopian A, Bloomfield SA. A Robust Microbead Occlusion Model of Glaucoma for the Common Marmoset. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:14. [PMID: 35019964 PMCID: PMC8762714 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To establish a robust experimental model of glaucoma in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a New World primate, using an intracameral microbead injection technique. Methods Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) was induced by an injection of polystyrene microbeads. Morphologic changes in the retina and optic nerve of glaucomatous eyes were assessed and electroretinogram (ERG) recordings were performed to evaluate functional changes. Results Microbead injections induced a sustained IOP elevation for at least 10 weeks in a reproducible manner. At the end of the 10-week experimental period, there was significant loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in all quadrants and eccentricities, although it was more prominent in the mid-peripheral and peripheral regions. This was consistent with a thinning of the Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) seen in spectral domain optical coherence tomography scans. Surviving RGCs showed marked changes in morphology, including somatic shrinkage and dendritic atrophy. Retinas also showed significant gliosis. The amplitude of the ERG photopic negative response, with subsequent a- and b-wave changes, was reduced in glaucomatous eyes. The optic nerve of glaucomatous eyes showed expanded cupping, disorganization of the astrocytic matrix, axonal loss, and gliosis. Conclusions We developed a robust and reproducible model of glaucoma in the marmoset. The model exhibits both structural and functional alterations of retina and optic nerve characteristic of glaucoma in humans and animal models. Translational Relevance The glaucoma model in the marmoset described here forms a robust method to study the disease etiology, progression, and potential therapies in a nonhuman primate, allowing for more effective translation of animal data to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Biological and Vision Sciences, State University of New York College of Optometry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra Benavente-Perez
- Department of Biological and Vision Sciences, State University of New York College of Optometry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Reynolds Ablordeppey
- Department of Biological and Vision Sciences, State University of New York College of Optometry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carol Lin
- Department of Biological and Vision Sciences, State University of New York College of Optometry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Suresh Viswanathan
- Department of Biological and Vision Sciences, State University of New York College of Optometry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Abram Akopian
- Department of Biological and Vision Sciences, State University of New York College of Optometry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stewart A Bloomfield
- Department of Biological and Vision Sciences, State University of New York College of Optometry, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Webster SE, Sklar NC, Spitsbergen JB, Stanchfield ML, Webster MK, Linn DM, Otteson DC, Linn CL. Stimulation of α7 nAChR leads to regeneration of damaged neurons in adult mammalian retinal disease models. Exp Eye Res 2021; 210:108717. [PMID: 34348130 PMCID: PMC8459670 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The adult mammal lacks the ability to regenerate neurons lost to retinal damage or disease in a meaningful capacity. However, previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated that PNU-282987, an α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, elicits a robust neurogenic response in the adult murine retina. With eye drop application of PNU-282987, Müller glia cells re-enter the cell cycle and produce progenitor-like cells that can differentiate into various types of retinal neurons. In this study, we analyzed the regenerative capability of PNU-282987 in two retinal disease models and identified the source of newly regenerated neurons. Wild-type mice and mice with a transgenic Müller-glia lineage tracer were manipulated to mimic loss of retinal cells associated with glaucoma or photoreceptor degeneration. Following treatment with PNU-282987, the regenerative response of retinal neurons was quantified and characterized. After onset of photoreceptor degeneration, PNU-282987 was able to successfully regenerate both rod and cone photoreceptors. Quantification of this response demonstrated significant regeneration, restoring photoreceptors to near wild-type density. In mice that had glaucoma-like conditions induced, PNU-282987 treatment led to a significant increase in retinal ganglion cells. Retrograde labeling of optic nerve axon fibers demonstrated that newly regenerated axons projected into the optic nerve. Lineage tracing analysis demonstrated that these new neurons were derived from Müller glia. These results demonstrate that PNU-282987 can induce retinal regeneration in adult mice following onset of retinal damage. The ability of PNU-282987 to regenerate retinal neurons in a robust manner offers a new direction for developing novel and potentially transformative treatments to combat neurodegenerative disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Webster
- Western Michigan University, Department of Biological Sciences, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Nathan C Sklar
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Jake B Spitsbergen
- Western Michigan University, Department of Biological Sciences, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Megan L Stanchfield
- Western Michigan University, Department of Biological Sciences, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Mark K Webster
- Western Michigan University, Department of Biological Sciences, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - David M Linn
- Grand Valley State University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Allendale, MI, United States
| | - Deborah C Otteson
- University of Houston College of Optometry, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Cindy L Linn
- Western Michigan University, Department of Biological Sciences, Kalamazoo, MI, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schnichels S, Hurst J, de Vries JW, Ullah S, Frößl K, Gruszka A, Löscher M, Bartz-Schmidt KU, Spitzer MS, Herrmann A. Improved Treatment Options for Glaucoma with Brimonidine-Loaded Lipid DNA Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:9445-9456. [PMID: 33528240 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is the second leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Among others, elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is one of the hallmarks of the disease. Antiglaucoma drugs such as brimonidine can lower the IOP but their adherence to the ocular surface is low, leading to a low drug uptake. This results in a frequent dropping regime causing low compliance by the patients. Lipid DNA nanoparticles (NPs) have the intrinsic ability to bind to the ocular surface and can be loaded with different drugs. Here, we report DNA NPs functionalized for loading of brimonidine through specific aptamers and via hydrophobic interactions with double stranded micelles. Both NP systems exhibited improved affinity toward the cornea and retained release of the drug as compared to controls both in vitro and in vivo. Both NP types were able to lower the IOP in living animals significantly more than pristine brimonidine. Importantly, the brimonidine-loaded NPs showed no toxicity and improved efficacy and hence should improve compliance. In conclusion, this drug-delivery system offers high chances of an improved treatment for glaucoma and thus preserving vision in the aging population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Schnichels
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 7, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - José Hurst
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 7, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Jan Willem de Vries
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 7, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Sami Ullah
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 7, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Katharina Frößl
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 7, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Gruszka
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 7, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Marina Löscher
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 7, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Karl-Ulrich Bartz-Schmidt
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 7, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Martin S Spitzer
- Clinic for Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, Aachen 52056, Germany
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kumara BN, Shambhu R, Prasad KS. Why chitosan could be apt candidate for glaucoma drug delivery - An overview. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 176:47-65. [PMID: 33581206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Most of the people in the world are affected by glaucoma, which leads to irreversible blindness. Several patient friendly treatments are available, nevertheless medications lack an easy and efficient way of sustained delivery. To make the delivery with enhanced bioavailability, biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymers-based drug carriers are explored. However, ocular drug delivery issues have not been resolved yet due to less adhesiveness, poor penetration ability, pH, and temperature dependent burst releases. Chitosan is found to be effective for ocular drug delivery due to excellent physio-chemical properties in terms of overcoming the existing issues. In this review, we aim to highlight why it has been chosen and the holy grail for ocular drug delivery. Besides, we have comprehensively reviewed recent patents on chitosan as a platform for ocular drug delivery and future perspectives on factors, lacunae and challenges that need to be addressed for better ocular delivery methods for glaucoma management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B N Kumara
- Nanomaterial Research Laboratory [NMRL], Nano Division, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya [Deemed to be University], Deralakatte, Mangalore 575 018, India
| | - Rashmi Shambhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya [Deemed to be University], Deralakatte, Mangalore 575 018, India
| | - K Sudhakara Prasad
- Nanomaterial Research Laboratory [NMRL], Nano Division, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya [Deemed to be University], Deralakatte, Mangalore 575 018, India; Centre for Nutrition Studies, Yenepoya [Deemed to be University], Deralakatte, Mangalore 575 018, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
In vivo fate of liposomes after subconjunctival ocular delivery. J Control Release 2021; 329:162-174. [PMID: 33271203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Subconjunctival administration of nanocarriers presents an alternative drug delivery strategy to overcome blood-ocular barriers to enhance drug bioavailability to specific parts of the eye. Using fiberoptic Confocal Laser Microendoscopy (CLM) and radiotracing, we describe the effects of charge, size, cholesterol content and lipid saturation on the ocular and corporal distribution of liposome nanocarriers in live mouse models. Positively charged or large (>250 nm) liposomes exhibit sustained ocular residence times in and around the injection site; cholesterol loading slows down this clearance, whereas lipid saturation accelerates clearance. Neutral, negatively charged, or smaller sized liposomes distribute to the limbus, rich in stem cells and blood capillaries. Differential lymphatic and systemic clearance from the eye to corporeal tissues was also observed across formulations. These results demonstrate the need to optimize liposome design for control over temporal and spatial nanocarrier bioavailability and clearance from the eye for improved efficacy and safety of ocular therapeutics.
Collapse
|
11
|
Bruk LA, Dunkelberger KE, Khampang P, Hong W, Sadagopan S, Alper CM, Fedorchak MV. Controlled release of ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone from a single ototopical administration of antibiotic-loaded polymer microspheres and thermoresponsive gel. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240535. [PMID: 33045028 PMCID: PMC7549778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute otitis media (AOM) is the main indication for pediatric antibiotic prescriptions, accounting for 25% of prescriptions. While the use of topical drops can minimize the administered dose of antibiotic and adverse systemic effects compared to oral antibiotics, their use has limitations, partially due to low patient compliance, high dosing frequency, and difficulty of administration. Lack of proper treatment can lead to development of chronic OM, which may require invasive interventions. Previous studies have shown that gel-based drug delivery to the ear is possible with intratympanic injection or chemical permeation enhancers (CPEs). However, many patients are reluctant to accept invasive treatments and CPEs have demonstrated toxicity to the tympanic membrane (TM). We developed a novel method of delivering therapeutics to the TM and middle ear using a topical, thermoresponsive gel depot containing antibiotic-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres. Our in vitro and ex vivo results suggest that the sustained presentation can safely allow therapeutically relevant drug concentrations to penetrate the TM to the middle ear for up to 14 days. Animal results indicate sufficient antibiotic released for treatment from topical administration 24h after bacterial inoculation. However, animals treated 72h after inoculation, a more clinically relevant treatment practice, displayed spontaneous clearance of infection as is also often observed in the clinic. Despite this variability in the disease model, data suggest the system can safely treat bacterial infection, with future studies necessary to optimize microsphere formulations for scaled up dosage of antibiotic as well as further investigation of the influence of spontaneous bacterial clearance and of biofilm formation on effectiveness of treatment. To our knowledge, this study represents the first truly topical drug delivery system to the middle ear without the use of CPEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liza A. Bruk
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | | | - Pawjai Khampang
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Wenzhou Hong
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Srivatsun Sadagopan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Cuneyt M. Alper
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Morgan V. Fedorchak
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nafian F, Kamali Doust Azad B, Yazdani S, Rasaee MJ, Daftarian N. A lab-on-a-chip model of glaucoma. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01799. [PMID: 32803874 PMCID: PMC7559618 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS We developed a glaucoma-on-a-chip model to evaluate the viability of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) against high pressure and the potential effect of neuroprotection. METHODS A three-layered chip consisting of interconnecting microchannels and culture wells was designed and fabricated from poly-methyl methacrylate sheets. The bottom surface of the wells was modified by air plasma and coated with different membranes to provide a suitable extracellular microenvironment. RGCs were purified from postnatal Wistar rats by magnetic assisted cell sorting up to 70% and characterized by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. The cultured RGCs were exposed to normal (15 mmHg) or elevated pressure (33 mmHg) for 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hr, with and without adding brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or a novel BDNF mimetic (RNYK). RESULTS Multiple inlet ports allow culture media and gas into the wells under elevated hydrostatic pressure. PDL/laminin formed the best supporting membrane. RGC survival rates were 85%, 78%, 70%, 67%, and 61% under normal pressure versus 40%, 22%, 18%, 12%, and 10% under high pressure at 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hr, respectively. BDNF and RNYK separately reduced RGC death rates about twofold under both normal and elevated pressures. CONCLUSION This model recapitulated the effects of elevated pressure over relatively short time periods and demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of BDNF and RNYK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nafian
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Kamali Doust Azad
- Department of Electronics, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Yazdani
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Rasaee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narsis Daftarian
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Greene AC, Acharya AP, Lee SB, Gottardi R, Zaleski E, Little SR. Cranberry extract-based formulations for preventing bacterial biofilms. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 11:1144-1155. [PMID: 32783154 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00837-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Generating formulations for the delivery of a mixture of natural compounds extracted from natural sources is a challenge because of unknown active and inactive ingredients and possible interactions between them. As one example, natural cranberry extracts have been proposed for the prevention of biofilm formation on dental pellicle or teeth. However, such extracts may contain phenolic acids, flavonol glycosides along with other constituents like coumaroyl iridoid glycosides, flavonoids, alpha-linolenic acid, n-6 (or n-3) fatty acids, and crude fiber. Due to the presence of a variety of compounds, determining which molecules (and how many molecules) are essential for preventing biofilm growth is nontrivial to ascertain. Therefore, a formulation that could contain natural, unrefined, cranberry extract (with all its constituent compounds) at high loading would be ideal. Accordingly, we have generated several candidate formulations including poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA)-based microencapsulation of cranberry extract (CE15) as well as formulations including stearic acid along with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or Ethyl lauroyl arginate (LAE) complexed with cranberry extracts (CE15). We found that stearic acid in combination with PVP or LAE as excipients led to higher loading of the active and inactive compounds in CE15 as compared with a PLGA microencapsulation and also sustained release of CE15 in a tunable manner. Using this method, we have been able to generate two successful formulations (one preventative based, one treatment based) that effectively inhibit biofilm growth when incubated with saliva. In addition to cranberry extract, this technique could also be a promising candidate for other natural extracts to form controlled release systems.Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee C Greene
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Abhinav P Acharya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85284, USA
| | - Sang B Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Riccardo Gottardi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.,Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.,Ri.MED Foundation, 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Erin Zaleski
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer Health, Skillman, NJ, 08558, USA
| | - Steven R Little
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA. .,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA. .,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Juliana FR, Kesse S, Boakye-Yiadom KO, Veroniaina H, Wang H, Sun M. Promising Approach in the Treatment of Glaucoma Using Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine-Based Systems. Molecules 2019; 24:E3805. [PMID: 31652593 PMCID: PMC6833088 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is considered a leading cause of blindness with the human eye being one of the body's most delicate organs. Ocular diseases encompass diverse diseases affecting the anterior and posterior ocular sections, respectively. The human eye's peculiar and exclusive anatomy and physiology continue to pose a significant obstacle to researchers and pharmacologists in the provision of efficient drug delivery. Though several traditional invasive and noninvasive eye therapies exist, including implants, eye drops, and injections, there are still significant complications that arise which may either be their low bioavailability or the grave ocular adverse effects experienced thereafter. On the other hand, new nanoscience technology and nanotechnology serve as a novel approach in ocular disease treatment. In order to interact specifically with ocular tissues and overcome ocular challenges, numerous active molecules have been modified to react with nanocarriers. In the general population of glaucoma patients, disease growth and advancement cannot be contained by decreasing intraocular pressure (IOP), hence a spiking in future research for novel drug delivery systems and target therapeutics. This review focuses on nanotechnology and its therapeutic and diagnostic prospects in ophthalmology, specifically glaucoma. Nanotechnology and nanomedicine history, the human eye anatomy, research frontiers in nanomedicine and nanotechnology, its imaging modal quality, diagnostic and surgical approach, and its possible application in glaucoma will all be further explored below. Particular focus will be on the efficiency and safety of this new therapy and its advances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel Kesse
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Kofi Oti Boakye-Yiadom
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Hanitrarimalala Veroniaina
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Huihui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Meihao Sun
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sapino S, Chirio D, Peira E, Abellán Rubio E, Brunella V, Jadhav SA, Chindamo G, Gallarate M. Ocular Drug Delivery: A Special Focus on the Thermosensitive Approach. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9060884. [PMID: 31207951 PMCID: PMC6630567 DOI: 10.3390/nano9060884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The bioavailability of ophthalmic therapeutics is reduced because of the presence of physiological barriers whose primary function is to hinder the entry of exogenous agents, therefore also decreasing the bioavailability of locally administered drugs. Consequently, repeated ocular administrations are required. Hence, the development of drug delivery systems that ensure suitable drug concentration for prolonged times in different ocular tissues is certainly of great importance. This objective can be partially achieved using thermosensitive drug delivery systems that, owing to their ability of changing their state in response to temperature variations, from room to body temperature, may increase drug bioavailability. In the case of topical instillation, in situ forming gels increase pre-corneal drug residence time as a consequence of their enhanced adhesion to the corneal surface. Otherwise, in the case of intraocular and periocular, i.e., subconjunctival, retrobulbar, peribulbar administration, among others, they have the undoubted advantage of being easily injectable and, owing to their sudden thickening at body temperature, have the ability to form an in situ drug reservoir. As a result, the frequency of administration can be reduced, also favoring the patient’s adhesion to therapy. In the main section of this review, we discuss some of the most common treatment options for ocular diseases, with a special focus on posterior segment treatments, and summarize the most recent improvement deriving from thermosensitive drug delivery strategies. Aside from this, an additional section describes the most widespread in vitro models employed to evaluate the functionality of novel ophthalmic drug delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Sapino
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy.
- NIS Research Centre, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy.
| | - Daniela Chirio
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy.
- NIS Research Centre, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy.
| | - Elena Peira
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy.
- NIS Research Centre, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy.
| | | | - Valentina Brunella
- NIS Research Centre, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy.
| | - Sushilkumar A Jadhav
- NIS Research Centre, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy.
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, Shivaji University Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416004, India.
| | - Giulia Chindamo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy.
| | - Marina Gallarate
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy.
- NIS Research Centre, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Samy KE, Cao Y, Kim J, Konichi da Silva NR, Phone A, Bloomer MM, Bhisitkul RB, Desai TA. Co-Delivery of Timolol and Brimonidine with a Polymer Thin-Film Intraocular Device. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2019; 35:124-131. [PMID: 30615539 PMCID: PMC6450452 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2018.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We developed a polycaprolactone (PCL) co-delivery implant that achieves zero-order release of 2 ocular hypotensive agents, timolol maleate and brimonidine tartrate. We also demonstrate intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effects of the implant for 3 months in vivo. METHODS Two PCL thin-film compartments were attached to form a V-shaped co-delivery device using film thicknesses of ∼40 and 20 μm for timolol and brimonidine compartments, respectively. In vitro release kinetics were measured in pH- and temperature-controlled fluid chambers. Empty or drug-loaded devices were implanted intracamerally in normotensive rabbits for up to 13 weeks with weekly measurements of IOP. For ocular concentrations, rabbits were euthanized at 4, 8, or 13 weeks, aqueous fluid was collected, and ocular tissues were dissected. Drug concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS In vitro studies show zero-order release kinetics for both timolol (1.75 μg/day) and brimonidine (0.48 μg/day) for up to 60 days. In rabbit eyes, the device achieved an average aqueous fluid concentration of 98.1 ± 68.3 ng/mL for timolol and 5.5 ± 3.6 ng/mL for brimonidine. Over 13 weeks, the drug-loaded co-delivery device resulted in a statistically significant cumulative reduction in IOP compared to untreated eyes (P < 0.05) and empty-device eyes (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The co-delivery device demonstrated a zero-order release profile in vitro for 2 hypotensive agents over 60 days. In vivo, the device led to significant cumulative IOP reduction of 3.4 ± 1.6 mmHg over 13 weeks. Acceptable ocular tolerance was seen, and systemic drug levels were unmeasurable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen E. Samy
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, California
| | - Yiqi Cao
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, California
| | - Jean Kim
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Audrey Phone
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Michele M. Bloomer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert B. Bhisitkul
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Tejal A. Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bellotti E, Fedorchak MV, Velankar S, Little SR. Tuning of thermoresponsive pNIPAAm hydrogels for the topical retention of controlled release ocular therapeutics. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:1276-1283. [PMID: 30931126 PMCID: PMC6437675 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02976h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Low patient compliance and poor bioavailability of ophthalmic medications are the main limitations of topical eye drops. A potential solution to these disadvantages could be provided by thermoresponsive hydrogels, which could be used as the basis for a gelling eye drop for long-term release of therapeutics. We previously reported such a system capable of being retained in the lower fornix of rabbits, continuously releasing an anti-glaucoma drug for one month. Here, we sought to improve the properties of the existing gels as most relevant to patient use without altering the drug release profile. Specifically, we optimized the sol-to-gel transition temperature and de-swelling kinetics of pNIPAAm gels to avoid risk of the gelled drop reverting to liquid during cold or windy weather, and ensure quick gelation upon administration. A reduction of the gel LCST, faster gelation kinetics, and suitable viscosity for the administration as an eye drop were successfully achieved through modification of the poly(ethylene glycol) content in the water phase and its molecular weight. Our data suggest that drug release is not affected by these changes, with representative drug concentration profiles of the previous and new formulations demonstrating comparable anti-glaucoma release kinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bellotti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Morgan V. Fedorchak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Sachin Velankar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Steven R. Little
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pitha I, Kimball EC, Oglesby EN, Pease ME, Fu J, Schaub J, Kim YC, Hu Q, Hanes J, Quigley HA. Sustained Dorzolamide Release Prevents Axonal and Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss in a Rat Model of IOP-Glaucoma. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2018; 7:13. [PMID: 29616152 PMCID: PMC5879766 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.7.2.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine if one injection of a sustained release formulation of dorzolamide in biodegradable microparticles (DPP) reduces retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss in a rat model of glaucoma. Methods We injected either DPP or control microparticles intravitreally in rats. Two days later, unilateral ocular hypertension was induced by translimbal, diode laser treatment by a surgeon masked to treatment group. IOP and clinical exams were performed until sacrifice 6 weeks after laser treatment. RGC loss was measured by masked observers in both optic nerve cross-sections and RGC layer counts from retinal whole mounts. Results Cumulative IOP exposure was significantly reduced by DPP injection (49 ± 48 mm Hg × days in treated versus 227 ± 191 mm Hg × days in control microparticle eyes; P = 0.012, t-test). While control-injected eyes increased in axial length by 2.4 ± 1.7%, DPP eyes did not significantly enlarge (0.3 ± 2.2%, difference from control, P = 0.03, t-test). RGC loss was significantly less in DPP eyes compared with control microparticle injection alone (RGC axon count reduction: 21% vs. 52%; RGC body reduction: 25% vs. 50% [beta tubulin labeling]; P = 0.02, t-test). Conclusions A single injection of sustained release DPP protected against RGC loss and axial elongation in a rat model of IOP glaucoma. Translational Relevance Sustained release IOP-lowering medications have the potential to stop glaucoma progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Pitha
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Center for Nanomedicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Glaucoma Center of Excellence, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Kimball
- Glaucoma Center of Excellence, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ericka N Oglesby
- Glaucoma Center of Excellence, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary Ellen Pease
- Glaucoma Center of Excellence, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jie Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Center for Nanomedicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Julie Schaub
- Glaucoma Center of Excellence, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yoo-Chun Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Center for Nanomedicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qi Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Center for Nanomedicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Justin Hanes
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Center for Nanomedicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Harry A Quigley
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Center for Nanomedicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Glaucoma Center of Excellence, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ratay ML, Bellotti E, Gottardi R, Little SR. Modern Therapeutic Approaches for Noninfectious Ocular Diseases Involving Inflammation. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6:10.1002/adhm.201700733. [PMID: 29034584 PMCID: PMC5915344 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dry eye disease, age-related macular degeneration, and uveitis are ocular diseases that significantly affect the quality of life of millions of people each year. In these diseases, the action of chemokines, proinflammatory cytokines, and immune cells drives a local inflammatory response that results in ocular tissue damage. Multiple therapeutic strategies are developed to either address the symptoms or abate the underlying cause of these diseases. Herein, the challenges to deliver drugs to the relevant location in the eye for each of these diseases are reviewed along with current and innovative therapeutic approaches that attempt to restore homeostasis within the ocular microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Ratay
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 427 Benedum Hall 3700 O’Hara Street Pittsburgh, Pa 15261
| | - Elena Bellotti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 427 Benedum Hall 3700 O’Hara Street Pittsburgh, Pa 15261
| | - Riccardo Gottardi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ri.MED Foundation, 427 Benedum Hall 3700 O’Hara Street Pittsburgh, Pa 15261
| | - Steven R. Little
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Immunology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 940 Benedum Hall 3700 O’Hara Street Pittsburgh Pa 15261
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nagai N, Ogata F, Otake H, Kawasaki N, Nakazawa Y, Kanai K, Okamoto N, Shimomura Y. Co-instillation of nano-solid magnesium hydroxide enhances corneal permeability of dissolved timolol. Exp Eye Res 2017; 165:118-124. [PMID: 28987318 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We prepared magnesium hydroxide (MH) nanoparticles by a bead mill method, and investigated whether the co-instillation of MH nanoparticles improves the low transcorneal penetration of water-soluble drugs, such as the anti-glaucoma eye drug timolol maleate (TM). MH particle size was decreased by the bead mill treatment to a mean particle size of 71 nm. In addition, the MH nanoparticles were highly stable. Next, we demonstrated the effect of MH nanoparticles on the corneal surface. MH shows only slight solubility in lacrimal fluid, and the instillation of MH nanoparticles for 14 days did not affect the behavior (balance of secretion and excretion) of the lacrimal fluid in rabbit corneas. Moreover, there was no observable corneal toxicity of MH nanoparticles, and treatment with MH nanoparticles enhanced the intercellular space ratio in the eyes of rats. MH alone did not permeate into the cornea; however, the co-instillation of MH nanoparticles and dissolved TM (nMTFC) enhanced the corneal penetration of TM. In addition, the intraocular pressure (IOP)-reducing effect of nMTFC was significantly higher than those of the TM solution or the co-instillation of MH microparticles and TM. In conclusion, we found that MH nanoparticles enhance the corneal penetration of dissolved TM with no observable corneal stimulation or obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct by the MH nanoparticles. It is possible that the co-instillation of MH nanoparticles may provide a useful way to improve the bioavailability of water-soluble drugs in the ophthalmic field. These findings provide significant information that can be used to design further studies aimed at developing anti-glaucoma eye drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Nagai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Fumihiko Ogata
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroko Otake
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Naohito Kawasaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nakazawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kanai
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kitasato, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Norio Okamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Shimomura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fedorchak MV, Conner IP, Schuman JS, Cugini A, Little SR. Long Term Glaucoma Drug Delivery Using a Topically Retained Gel/Microsphere Eye Drop. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8639. [PMID: 28819134 PMCID: PMC5561248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09379-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize and determine the efficacy of a long-term, non-invasive gel/microsphere (GMS) eye drop for glaucoma. This novel drug delivery system is comprised of a thermoresponsive hydrogel carrier and drug-loaded polymer microspheres. In vitro release of brimonidine from the GMS drops and gel properties were quantified. A single brimonidine-loaded GMS drop was administered to 5 normotensive rabbits and intraocular pressure (IOP) was monitored for 28 days. Here we report that IOP reduction in rabbits receiving a single brimonidine GMS drop was comparable to that of rabbits receiving twice daily, standard brimonidine drops. GMS drops were retained in the inferior fornix in all animals for the length of the study. Our results suggest in vivo efficacy over 28 days from a single GMS drop and a potential decrease in systemic absorption, based on a lack of substantial IOP effects on the fellow untreated eye, compared to brimonidine twice-daily eye drops. To our knowledge, this represents the first long-term, drug-releasing depot that can be administered as a traditional eye drop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan V Fedorchak
- UPMC Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA. .,The Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Ian P Conner
- UPMC Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA.,The Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joel S Schuman
- UPMC Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA.,The Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Langone Eye Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Physiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Depatment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Cugini
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven R Little
- UPMC Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA. .,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ratay ML, Glowacki AJ, Balmert SC, Acharya AP, Polat J, Andrews LP, Fedorchak MV, Schuman JS, Vignali DAA, Little SR. Treg-recruiting microspheres prevent inflammation in a murine model of dry eye disease. J Control Release 2017; 258:208-217. [PMID: 28501670 PMCID: PMC7805562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a common ocular disorder affecting millions of individuals worldwide. The pathology of DED involves the infiltration of CD4+ lymphocytes, leading to tear film instability and destructive inflammation. In the healthy steady state, a population of immunosuppressive T-cells called regulatory T-cells (Treg) regulates proliferation of immune cells that would otherwise lead to a disruption of immunological homeostasis. For this reason, it has been suggested that Tregs could restore the immunological imbalance in DED. To this end, one possible approach would be to recruit the body's own, endogenous Tregs in order to enrich them at the site of inflammation and tissue destruction. Previously, we have demonstrated a reduction of inflammation and disease symptoms in models of periodontitis corresponding to recruitment of endogenous Tregs, which was accomplished by local placement of controlled release systems that sustain a gradient of the chemokine CCL22, referred to here as Treg-recruiting microspheres. Given that DED is characterized by a pro-inflammatory environment resulting in local tissue destruction, we hypothesized that the controlled release of CCL22 could also recruit Tregs to the ocular surface potentially mediating inflammation and symptoms of DED. Indeed, data suggest that Treg-recruiting microspheres are capable of overcoming the immunological imbalance of Tregs and CD4+ IFN-γ+ cells in the lacrimal gland. Administration of Treg-recruiting microspheres effectively mitigated the symptoms of DED as measured through a number of outcomes such as tear clearance, goblet cells density and corneal epithelial integrity, suggesting that recruitment of endogenous Treg can mitigate inflammation associated with DED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Ratay
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, United States
| | - Andrew J Glowacki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, United States
| | - Stephen C Balmert
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, United States
| | - Abhinav P Acharya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, United States
| | - Julia Polat
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Lawrence P Andrews
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Morgan V Fedorchak
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Joel S Schuman
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States; Department of Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, United States
| | - Steven R Little
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lancina MG, Singh S, Kompella UB, Husain S, Yang H. Fast Dissolving Dendrimer Nanofiber Mats as Alternative to Eye Drops for More Efficient Antiglaucoma Drug Delivery. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:1861-1868. [PMID: 29152562 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers have been investigated as a potential platform for a number of ocular drugs, but only in aqueous solution. In this work we have developed fast dissolving dendrimer-based nanofibers (DNF) as a topical delivery vehicle for the glaucoma drug brimonidine tartrate (BT). The safety and drug release kinetics of these nanofiber mats were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. DNF caused no toxicity at therapeutic levels in cultured cells or ocular irritation in animal tests using a normotensive rat model. Intra-ocular pressure response was equivalent between DNF and BT solution in a single dose test, but DNF showed improved efficacy with daily dosing over a 3-week test period. This study indicates electrospun dendrimer nanofibers are a viable alternative to aqueous solutions as a more efficient method of administering antiglaucoma drug topically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Lancina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Sudha Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, 167 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Uday B Kompella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19 Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Shahid Husain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, 167 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Hu Yang
- Department of Chemical & Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 737 North 5 Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12 Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States.,Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sun J, Lei Y, Dai Z, Liu X, Huang T, Wu J, Xu ZP, Sun X. Sustained Release of Brimonidine from a New Composite Drug Delivery System for Treatment of Glaucoma. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:7990-7999. [PMID: 28198606 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b16509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A novel layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticle/thermogel composite drug delivery system (DDS) for sustained release of brimonidine (Bri) has been designed, prepared, and characterized in this study for treatment of severe glaucoma. Brimonidine is first loaded onto LDH (Bri@LDH) nanoparticles, which are then dispersed in the thermogel consisting of plenty of micelles based on poly(dl-lactic acid-co-coglycolic acid)-polyethylene glycol-poly(dl-lactic acid-co-coglycolic acid) (PLGA-PEG-PLGA) copolymer. The Bri@LDH/Thermogel DDS containing 125.0 μg/g of brimonidine has been found to sustainably release the drug for up to 144 h, significantly extending the drug release period compared to that from Bri@LDH nanoparticles. The Bri@LDH/Thermogel DDS is not cytotoxic to human corneal epithelial cells and shows good biocompatibility. In vivo drug release from the special contact lens made of Bri@LDH/Thermogel DDS has been sustained for at least 7 days, which more effectively modulates the relief of intraocular pressure (IOP). Thus, the Bri@LDH/Thermogel DDS is a promising drug delivery alternative that can be used for treatment of severe glaucoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Sun
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Centre of Excellence for Functional Nanomaterials, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Jihong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Centre of Excellence for Functional Nanomaterials, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Xinghuai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mammen A, Romanowski EG, Fedorchak MV, Dhaliwal DK, Shanks RM, Kowalski RP. Endophthalmitis Prophylaxis Using a Single Drop of Thermoresponsive Controlled-Release Microspheres Loaded with Moxifloxacin in a Rabbit Model. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2016; 5:12. [PMID: 27933222 PMCID: PMC5142715 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.5.6.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Postsurgical endophthalmitis is a sight-threatening problem. We introduce a simple approach by using a single application of thermoresponsive controlled-release microspheres, loaded with moxifloxacin, to prevent bacterial endophthalmitis in a rabbit endophthalmitis prevention model. Methods We separated 24 rabbits into 3 treatment groups in which topical drop treatment was placed onto the conjunctival cul-de-sac: (1) a single drop of controlled-release microspheres containing moxifloxacin, (2) a single drop of controlled-release microspheres without moxifloxacin, and (3) multiple topical treatment with moxifloxacin alone every 15 minutes for 1 hour. All rabbits were challenged, 1 hour after microspheres drop placement and immediately after the fifth topical dose of moxifloxacin, with anterior chamber injections of Staphylococcus aureus. Rabbits in the topical moxifloxacin group also were treated after challenge and four additional times over the next 24 hours. After 24 hours, the rabbits were clinically evaluated for endophthalmitis and the animals were euthanized to culture for intraocular S. aureus. The treatment groups were compared statistically for bacterial endophthalmitis. Results No eyes had endophthalmitis, based on clinical presentation and/or positive culture, in the groups with controlled-release microspheres loaded with moxifloxacin (0/8, 0%) or multiple drops of topical moxifloxacin (0/8, 0%). In contrast, 8 of 8 eyes (100%; P = 0.0001), had endophthalmitis among eyes treated with controlled-release microspheres drops without moxifloxacin. Conclusion A single drop of controlled-release microspheres loaded with moxifloxacin was successful in preventing endophthalmitis. Further clinical studies will be required to confirm the full potential of controlled-release anti-infective loaded microspheres to prevent endophthalmitis. Translational Relevance This study presents a simple method of prophylaxis to prevent postsurgical endophthalmitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Mammen
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), The Charles T. Campbell Eye Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eric G Romanowski
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), The Charles T. Campbell Eye Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Morgan V Fedorchak
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), The Charles T. Campbell Eye Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Deepinder K Dhaliwal
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), The Charles T. Campbell Eye Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - R M Shanks
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), The Charles T. Campbell Eye Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Regis P Kowalski
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), The Charles T. Campbell Eye Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pek YS, Wu H, Mohamed ST, Ying JY. Long-Term Subconjunctival Delivery of Brimonidine Tartrate for Glaucoma Treatment Using a Microspheres/Carrier System. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:2823-2831. [PMID: 27616466 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Core-shell polymer microspheres with poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) core and poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) shell are developed for the long-term subconjunctival release of brimonidine tartrate (BT) in order to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) in the treatment of glaucoma. The PLLA-rich shell acts as a diffusion barrier, enabling linear release of BT over an extended period of 40 d. The microspheres are encased in a porous non-degradable methacrylate-based carrier for ease of subconjunctival implantation in a glaucoma-induced rabbit model. In vivo release of BT from the microspheres/carrier system has enabled a significant, immediate IOP reduction of 20 mmHg, which is sustained for 55 d. Long-term IOP reduction may be maintained by periodic replacement of the microspheres/carrier system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Shona Pek
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; 31 Biopolis Way The Nanos 138669 Singapore
| | - Hong Wu
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; 31 Biopolis Way The Nanos 138669 Singapore
| | - Siti Thaharah Mohamed
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; 31 Biopolis Way The Nanos 138669 Singapore
| | - Jackie Y. Ying
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; 31 Biopolis Way The Nanos 138669 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fu J, Sun F, Liu W, Liu Y, Gedam M, Hu Q, Fridley C, Quigley HA, Hanes J, Pitha I. Subconjunctival Delivery of Dorzolamide-Loaded Poly(ether-anhydride) Microparticles Produces Sustained Lowering of Intraocular Pressure in Rabbits. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:2987-95. [PMID: 27336794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Topical medications that inhibit the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CAI) are widely used to lower intraocular pressure in glaucoma; however, their clinical efficacy is limited by the requirement for multiple-daily dosing, as well as side effects such as blurred vision and discomfort on drop instillation. We developed a biodegradable polymer microparticle formulation of the CAI dorzolamide that produces sustained lowering of intraocular pressure after subconjunctival injection. Dorzolamide was ion paired with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium oleate (SO) with 0.8% and 1.5% drug loading in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), respectively. Encapsulating dorzolamide into poly(ethylene glycol)-co-poly(sebacic acid) (PEG3-PSA) microparticles in the presence of triethylamine (TEA) resulted in 14.9% drug loading and drug release that occurred over 12 days in vitro. Subconjunctival injection of dorzolamide-PEG3-PSA microparticles (DPP) in Dutch belted rabbits reduced IOP as much as 4.0 ± 1.5 mmHg compared to untreated fellow eyes for 35 days. IOP reduction after injection of DPP microparticles was significant when compared to baseline untreated IOPs (P < 0.001); however, injection of blank microparticles (PEG3-PSA) did not affect IOP (P = 0.9). Microparticle injection was associated with transient clinical vascularity and inflammatory cell infiltration in conjunctiva on histological examination. Fluorescently labeled PEG3-PSA microparticles were detected for at least 42 days after injection, indicating that in vivo particle degradation is several-fold longer than in vitro degradation. Subconjunctival DPP microparticle delivery is a promising new platform for sustained intraocular pressure lowering in glaucoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, ‡Center for Nanomedicine, and ∥Glaucoma Center of Excellence, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Fengying Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, ‡Center for Nanomedicine, and ∥Glaucoma Center of Excellence, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, ‡Center for Nanomedicine, and ∥Glaucoma Center of Excellence, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Yanfei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, ‡Center for Nanomedicine, and ∥Glaucoma Center of Excellence, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Manasee Gedam
- Department of Ophthalmology, ‡Center for Nanomedicine, and ∥Glaucoma Center of Excellence, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Qi Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, ‡Center for Nanomedicine, and ∥Glaucoma Center of Excellence, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Colleen Fridley
- Department of Ophthalmology, ‡Center for Nanomedicine, and ∥Glaucoma Center of Excellence, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Harry A Quigley
- Department of Ophthalmology, ‡Center for Nanomedicine, and ∥Glaucoma Center of Excellence, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Justin Hanes
- Department of Ophthalmology, ‡Center for Nanomedicine, and ∥Glaucoma Center of Excellence, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Ian Pitha
- Department of Ophthalmology, ‡Center for Nanomedicine, and ∥Glaucoma Center of Excellence, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chiang B, Kim YC, Doty AC, Grossniklaus HE, Schwendeman SP, Prausnitz MR. Sustained reduction of intraocular pressure by supraciliary delivery of brimonidine-loaded poly(lactic acid) microspheres for the treatment of glaucoma. J Control Release 2016; 228:48-57. [PMID: 26930266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Although effective drugs that lower intraocular pressure (IOP) in the management of glaucoma exist, their efficacy is limited by poor patient adherence to the prescribed eye drop regimen. To replace the need for eye drops, in this study we tested the hypothesis that IOP can be reduced for one month after a single targeted injection using a microneedle for administration of a glaucoma medication (i.e., brimonidine) formulated for sustained release in the supraciliary space of the eye adjacent to the drug's site of action at the ciliary body. To test this hypothesis, brimonidine-loaded microspheres were formulated using poly(lactic acid) (PLA) to release brimonidine at a constant rate for 35 days and microneedles were designed to penetrate through the sclera, without penetrating into the choroid/retina, in order to target injection into the supraciliary space. A single administration of these microspheres using a hollow microneedle was performed in the eye of New Zealand White rabbits and was found to reduce IOP initially by 6 mmHg and then by progressively smaller amounts for more than one month. All administrations were well tolerated without significant adverse events, although histological examination showed a foreign-body reaction to the microspheres. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that the highly-targeted delivery of brimonidine-loaded microspheres into the supraciliary space using a microneedle is able to reduce IOP for one month as an alternative to daily eye drops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Chiang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA 30332, USA
| | - Y C Kim
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA 30332, USA
| | - A C Doty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor MI 48109, USA
| | - H E Grossniklaus
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322, USA
| | - S P Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor MI 48109, USA
| | - M R Prausnitz
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA 30332, USA; School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA 30332, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Park CG, Kim YK, Kim MJ, Park M, Kim MH, Lee SH, Choi SY, Lee WS, Chung YJ, Jung YE, Park KH, Choy YB. Mucoadhesive microparticles with a nanostructured surface for enhanced bioavailability of glaucoma drug. J Control Release 2015; 220:180-188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
30
|
Alario AF, Strong TD, Pizzirani S. Medical Treatment of Primary Canine Glaucoma. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2015; 45:1235-59, vi. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
31
|
Van Tassel SH, Radcliffe NM, Demetriades AM. One Year of Glaucoma Research in Review-2013 to 2014. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2015; 4:228-35. [PMID: 26197218 PMCID: PMC4520779 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to provide the practicing clinical ophthalmologist with an update on relevant glaucoma literature published from 2013 to 2014. DESIGN This study is a literature review. METHODS The authors conducted a 1-year (October 1, 2013, to September 30, 2014) English-language glaucoma literature search on PubMed of articles containing "glaucoma" or "glaucomatous" with title/abstract as a filter. Medical subject headings filtered searching was not performed because of the newness of the reviewed material. RESULTS Literature search yielded 2314 articles, after which we excluded reviews and letters to the editor. We highlighted articles featuring new or updated approaches to the pathophysiology, diagnosis, or treatment of glaucoma and gave preference to human research. CONCLUSIONS This review features literature that is of interest to ophthalmologists in practice and also highlights studies that may provide insight on future developments applicable to clinical ophthalmology.
Collapse
|
32
|
Experimentally Induced Mammalian Models of Glaucoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:281214. [PMID: 26064891 PMCID: PMC4433635 DOI: 10.1155/2015/281214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A wide variety of animal models have been used to study glaucoma. Although these models provide valuable information about the disease, there is still no ideal model for studying glaucoma due to its complex pathogenesis. Animal models for glaucoma are pivotal for clarifying glaucoma etiology and for developing novel therapeutic strategies to halt disease progression. In this review paper, we summarize some of the major findings obtained in various glaucoma models and examine the strengths and limitations of these models.
Collapse
|