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Izuagbe S, Roy J, Chatila A, Hoang LQ, Ea V, Vaish B, Co CM, Ly A, Wu H, Tang L. A 3D in vitro model for assessing the influence of intraocular lens: Posterior lens capsule interactions on lens epithelial cell responses. Exp Eye Res 2024; 244:109940. [PMID: 38782178 PMCID: PMC11246700 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Posterior Capsule Opacification (PCO), the most frequent complication of cataract surgery, is caused by the infiltration and proliferation of lens epithelial cells (LECs) at the interface between the intraocular lens (IOL) and posterior lens capsule (PLC). According to the "no space, no cells, no PCO" theory, high affinity (or adhesion force) between the IOL and PLC would decrease the IOL: PLC interface space, hinder LEC migration, and thus reduce PCO formation. To test this hypothesis, an in vitro hemisphere-shaped simulated PLC (sPLC) was made to mimic the human IOL: PLC physical interactions and to assess their influence on LEC responses. Three commercially available IOLs with different affinities/adhesion forces toward the sPLC, including Acrylic foldable IOL, Silicone IOL, and PMMA IOL, were used in this investigation. Using the system, the physical interactions between IOLs and sPLC were quantified by measuring the adhesion force and interface space using an adhesion force apparatus and Optical Coherence Tomography, respectively. Our data shows that high adhesion force and tight binding between IOL and sPLC contribute to a small interface space (or "no space"). By introducing LECs into the in vitro system, we found that, with small interface space, among all IOLs, acrylic foldable IOLs permitted the least extent of LEC infiltration, proliferation, and differentiation (or "no cells"). Further statistical analyses using clinical data revealed that weak LEC responses are associated with low clinical PCO incidence rates (or "no PCO"). The findings support that the in vitro system could simulate IOL: PLC interplays and predict IOLs' PCO potential in support of the "no space, no cells, no PCO" hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Izuagbe
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Joyita Roy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Amjad Chatila
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Le Quynh Hoang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Vicki Ea
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Bhavya Vaish
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Cynthia M Co
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Aaron Ly
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Hongli Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Liping Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA.
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Tang H, Shu S, Hu S, Chen L. Circ_0000099/miR-223-3p/CTGF Regulates the Growth, Metastasis, and EMT Processes in TGF-β2-Stimulated Human Lens Epithelial Cells. Curr Eye Res 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38940233 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2024.2357600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is the major complication of visual impairment after cataract surgery. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the development of many diseases. The purpose of this study was to explore the role and molecular mechanism of circ_0000099 in PCO. METHODS SRA01/04 cells were treated with TGF-β2 to establish a PCO cell model. The expression of circ_0000099, miR-223-3p, and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) mRNA was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Western blot assay was used to analyze the protein expression. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were analyzed by (4-5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), 5-ethynyl-2 '-Deoxyuridine (EdU), transwell, and wound healing tests. The circ_0000099/miR-223-3p/CTGF relationship was verified by dual luciferase reporter gene and RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. RESULTS TGF-β2 treatment promoted SRA01/04 cell proliferation invasion, migration, and EMT. Circ_0000099 expression was increased in POC patients and TGF-β2-treated SRA01/04 cells.Knockdown of circ_0000099 suppressed TGF-β2-induced proliferation, invasion, migration, and EMT in SRA01/04 cells. miR-223-3p was identified as the target of circ_0000099, and miR-223-3p inhibitor might partly abolish the repression of circ_0000099 silencing on TGF-β2-triggered SRA01/04 cell disorders. MiR-223-3p directly targeted CTGF. Knockdown of CTGF suppressed TGF-β2-induced SRA01/04 cell injury. Circ_0000099 can regulate CTGF expression by targeting miR-223-3p. CONCLUSIONS Circ_0000099 silencing might relieve TGF-2-induced SRA01/04 cell injury by the miR-223-3p/CTGF axis, providing new avenues for the prevention and treatment of PCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Tang
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shu Shu
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shiqin Hu
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Le Chen
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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VanSlyke JK, Boswell BA, Musil LS. TGFβ overcomes FGF-induced transinhibition of EGFR in lens cells to enable fibrotic secondary cataract. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar75. [PMID: 38598298 PMCID: PMC11238076 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e24-01-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To cause vision-disrupting fibrotic secondary cataract (PCO), lens epithelial cells that survive cataract surgery must migrate to the posterior of the lens capsule and differentiate into myofibroblasts. During this process, the cells become exposed to the FGF that diffuses out of the vitreous body. In normal development, such relatively high levels of FGF induce lens epithelial cells to differentiate into lens fiber cells. It has been a mystery as to how lens cells could instead undergo a mutually exclusive cell fate, namely epithelial to myofibroblast transition, in the FGF-rich environment of the posterior capsule. We and others have reported that the ability of TGFβ to induce lens cell fibrosis requires the activity of endogenous ErbBs. We show here that lens fiber-promoting levels of FGF induce desensitization of ErbB1 (EGFR) that involves its phosphorylation on threonine 669 mediated by both ERK and p38 activity. Transinhibition of ErbB1 by FGF is overcome by a time-dependent increase in ErbB1 levels induced by TGFβ, the activation of which is increased after cataract surgery. Our studies provide a rationale for why TGFβ upregulates ErbB1 in lens cells and further support the receptor as a therapeutic target for PCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy K. VanSlyke
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Bruce A. Boswell
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Linda S. Musil
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
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Hidalgo-Alvarez V, Falcon ND, Eldred J, Wormstone M, Saeed A. Stereolithographic Rapid Prototyping of Clear, Foldable, Non-Refractive Intraocular Lens Designs: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Curr Eye Res 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38762982 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2024.2344164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE A cataract is a cloudy area in the crystalline lens. Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness and the second cause of severe vision impairment worldwide. During cataract surgery, the clouded lens is extracted and replaced with an artificial intraocular lens, which restores the optical power. The fabrication of intraocular lenses using existing molding and lathing techniques is a complex and time-consuming process that limits the development of novel materials and designs. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a stereolithography-based process for producing models of clear lens designs without refractive function, serving as a proof of concept. This process has the potential to contribute toward new lens development, allowing for unlimited design iterations and an expanded range of materials for scientists to explore. METHODS Lens-like 3D objects without refractive function were fabricated by using stereolithography. A photopolymerizable resin containing 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate, poly (ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate, and a suitable photoinitiator was developed for the production of lens-like 3D object prototypes. The morphology of the printed devices was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The transparency and thermal properties were analyzed using spectrophotometry and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. The biocompatibility of the devices was investigated in a cultured human lens cell line (FHL-124), using a standard lactate dehydrogenase assay, and the lenses were folded and implanted in the human capsular bag model. RESULTS One-piece lens-like 3D objects without refractive function and with loop-haptic design were successfully fabricated using Stereolithography (SLA) technique. The resulting 3D objects were transparent, as determined by UV spectroscopy. The lactate dehydrogenase test demonstrated the tolerance of lens cells to the prototyping material, and apparent foldability and shape recovery was observed during direct injection into a human capsular bag model in vitro. CONCLUSIONS This proof-of-principle study demonstrated the potential and significance of the rapid prototyping process for research and development of lens-like 3D object prototypes, such as intraocular lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julie Eldred
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Michael Wormstone
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Aram Saeed
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Wolffsohn JS, Berkow D, Chan KY, Chaurasiya SK, Fadel D, Haddad M, Imane T, Jones L, Sheppard AL, Vianya-Estopa M, Walsh K, Woods J, Zeri F, Morgan PB. BCLA CLEAR Presbyopia: Evaluation and diagnosis. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2024:102156. [PMID: 38641525 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2024.102156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
It is important to be able to measure the range of clear focus in clinical practice to advise on presbyopia correction techniques and to optimise the correction power. Both subjective and objective techniques are necessary: subjective techniques (such as patient reported outcome questionnaires and defocus curves) assess the impact of presbyopia on a patient and how the combination of residual objective accommodation and their natural DoF work for them; objective techniques (such as autorefraction, corneal topography and lens imaging) allow the clinician to understand how well a technique is working optically and whether it is the right choice or how adjustments can be made to optimise performance. Techniques to assess visual performance and adverse effects must be carefully conducted to gain a reliable end-point, considering the target size, contrast and illumination. Objective techniques are generally more reliable, can help to explain unexpected subjective results and imaging can be a powerful communication tool with patients. A clear diagnosis, excluding factors such as binocular vision issues or digital eye strain that can also cause similar symptoms, is critical for the patient to understand and adapt to presbyopia. Some corrective options are more permanent, such as implanted inlays / intraocular lenses or laser refractive surgery, so the optics can be trialled with contact lenses in advance (including differences between the eyes) to better communicate with the patient how the optics will work for them so they can make an informed choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Wolffsohn
- School of Optometry, Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
| | - David Berkow
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ka Yin Chan
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Suraj K Chaurasiya
- Department of Contact Lens and Anterior Segment, CL Gupta Eye Institute, Moradabad, India; Department of Optometry and Vision Science, CL Gupta Eye Institute, Moradabad, India
| | - Daddi Fadel
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Mera Haddad
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Tarib Imane
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
| | - Lyndon Jones
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong; Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Amy L Sheppard
- School of Optometry, Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Vianya-Estopa
- Vision and Hearing Research Centre, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Walsh
- CooperVision Inc., San Ramon, CA, United States
| | - Jill Woods
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Fabrizio Zeri
- School of Optometry, Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom; University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Materials Science, Milan, Italy
| | - Philip B Morgan
- Eurolens Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
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Bill C, Kassumeh S, Hilterhaus C, Tersi N, Speidel AJ, Ohlmann A, Priglinger S, Priglinger C, Wolf A, Wertheimer CM. Conditions for modifying intraocular lenses as drug carriers for methotrexate using poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid). Eur J Ophthalmol 2024:11206721241239717. [PMID: 38494950 DOI: 10.1177/11206721241239717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The intraocular lens (IOL) can be used as a slow-release drug carrier in cataract surgery to alleviate posterior capsular opacification (PCO). The following is a systematic development of an IOL using methotrexate and the solvent casting process with poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) as a carrier polymer. METHODS Different solvents for PLGA and methotrexate were tested for dissolution properties and possible damage to the IOL. The required biological concentration of methotrexate was determined in human capsular bags implanted with an IOL. To detect fibrosis, α-SMA, f-actin, and fibronectin were labelled by immunofluorescence staining. Cell proliferation and extracellular matrix contraction were observed in a lens epithelial cell line (FHL-124). Finally, the IOL was designed, and an ocular pharmacokinetic model was used to measure drug release. RESULTS Solvent mixtures were found to allow coating of the IOL with drug and PLGA without damaging it. PCO in the capsular bag model was inhibited above 1 μM methotrexate (p = 0.02). Proliferation in FHL-124 was significantly reduced above a concentration of 10 nM (p = 0.04) and matrix contraction at 100 nM (p = 0.02). The release profile showed a steady state within therapeutic range. CONCLUSION After determination of the required physicochemical manufacturing conditions, a drug releasing IOL was designed. A favourable release profile in an ocular pharmacokinetics model could be shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Bill
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Kassumeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Hilterhaus
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Natalie Tersi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Arne J Speidel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Ohlmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Priglinger
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Armin Wolf
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian M Wertheimer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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VanSlyke JK, Boswell BA, Musil LS. Tonic ErbB signaling underlies TGFβ-induced activation of ERK and is required for lens cell epithelial to myofibroblast transition. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar35. [PMID: 38170570 PMCID: PMC10916858 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-07-0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a major, but incompletely understood, component of many diseases. The most common vision-disrupting complication of cataract surgery involves differentiation of residual lens cells into myofibroblasts. In serum-free primary cultures of lens epithelial cells (DCDMLs), inhibitors of either ERK or of ErbB signaling prevent TGFβ from upregulating both early (fibronectin) and late (αSMA) markers of myofibroblast differentiation. TGFβ stimulates ERK in DCDMLs within 1.5 h. Kinase inhibitors of ErbBs, but not of several other growth factor receptors in lens cells, reduce phospho ERK to below basal levels in the absence or presence of TGFβ. This effect is attributable to constitutive ErbB activity playing a major role in regulating the basal levels pERK. Additional studies support a model in which TGFβ-generated reactive oxygen species serve to indirectly amplify ERK signaling downstream of tonically active ErbBs to mediate myofibroblast differentiation. ERK activity is in turn essential for expression of ErbB1 and ErbB2, major inducers of ERK signaling. By mechanistically linking TGFβ, ErbB, and ERK signaling to myofibroblast differentiation, our data elucidate a new role for ErbBs in fibrosis and reveal a novel mode by which TGFβ directs lens cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy K. VanSlyke
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Bruce A. Boswell
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Linda S. Musil
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
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Corsi A, Corsi I, de Paula A. Passive CAP-VAC: a simple and safe technique to clean the posterior capsule. Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43:4481-4485. [PMID: 37702840 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-023-02848-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe a new and less risky technique for the cleaning of posterior capsule during phacoemulsification called passive cap vac. METHOD Passive cap vac consisted in the removal of residual posterior capsule opacities using a disconnected 0.3 mm aspiration cannula. The hole of the aspiration cannula was faced toward posterior capsule and gently rubbed against it to achieve a complete cleaning of posterior capsule. The video of the technique is available online. RESULT With this new technique, the aspiration was ruled by the gravity and by the height of the balanced saline solution (BSS), in addition the Venturi's effect and the absence of active aspiration beyond the cannula avoided an excessive aspiration of posterior capsule. CONCLUSION Passive cap vac allowed to clean posterior capsule using softer forces than traditional way, minimizing the risk of capsular tear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Corsi
- Ophthalmogy Unit, Policlinico Casilino, Via Casilina, 1049, 00169, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Corsi
- Ophthalmogy Unit, Policlinico Casilino, Via Casilina, 1049, 00169, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandro de Paula
- Ophthalmogy Unit, Policlinico Casilino, Via Casilina, 1049, 00169, Rome, Italy
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Du Y, Cai M, Mu J, Li X, Song Y, Yuan X, Hua X, Guo S. Type I Collagen-Adhesive and ROS-Scavenging Nanoreactors Enhanced Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival in an Experimental Optic Nerve Crush Model. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300389. [PMID: 37661804 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a severe condition characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death, often leading to irreversible vision loss, and the death of RGCs is closely associated with oxidative stress. Unfortunately, effective treatment options for TON are lacking. To address this, catalase (CAT) is encapsulated in a tannic acid (TA)/poly(ethylenimine)-crosslinked hollow nanoreactor (CAT@PTP), which exhibited enhanced anchoring in the retina due to TA-collagen adhesion. The antioxidative activity of both CAT and TA synergistically eliminated reactive oxygen species (ROS) to save RGCs in the retina, thereby treating TON. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the nanoreactors preserve the enzymatic activity of CAT and exhibit high adhesion to type I collagen. The combination of CAT and TA-based nanoreactors enhanced ROS elimination while maintaining high biocompatibility. In an optic nerve crush rat model, CAT@PTP is effectively anchored to the retina via TA-collagen adhesion after a single vitreous injection, and RGCs are significantly preserved without adverse events. CAT@PTP exhibited a protective effect on retinal function. Given the abundance of collagen that exists in ocular tissues, these findings may contribute to the further application of this multifunctional nanoreactor in ocular diseases to improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Du
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Maoyu Cai
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Jingqing Mu
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, 410015, China
- Tianjin Aier Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300190, China
| | - Xingwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yapeng Song
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaoyong Yuan
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xia Hua
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, 410015, China
- Tianjin Aier Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300190, China
| | - Shutao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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10
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Takashima M, Taniguchi K, Nagaya M, Yamamura S, Takamura Y, Inatani M, Oki M. Gene profiles and mutations in the development of cataracts in the ICR rat model of hereditary cataracts. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18161. [PMID: 37875594 PMCID: PMC10598066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cataracts are opacifications of the lens that cause loss of visual acuity and ultimately of eyesight. Age-related cataract develops in most elderly people, but the mechanisms of cataract onset are incompletely understood. The Ihara Cataract Rat (ICR) is an animal model of hereditary cataracts showing cortical opacity that commonly develops prematurely. We identified putative mechanisms of cataract onset in the ICR rat model by measuring gene expression changes before and after cortical cataract development and conducting point mutation analysis. Genes differentially expressed between 4-week-old animals without cortical cataracts and 8-10-week-old animals with cortical cataracts were selected from microarray analysis. Three connections were identified by STRING analysis: (i) Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), including Col1a2, and Pik3r1. (ii) Lens homeostasis, including Aqp5, and Cpm. (iii) Lipid metabolism, including Scd1, Srebf1, and Pnpla3. Subsequently, mutation points were selected by comparing ICR rats with 12 different rats that do not develop cataracts. The apolipoprotein Apoc3 was mutated in ICR rats. Analyses of gene expression changes and point and mutations suggested that abnormalities in EMT or lipid metabolism could contribute to cataract development in ICR rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Takashima
- Department of Industrial Creation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kei Taniguchi
- Department of Industrial Creation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Masaya Nagaya
- Department of Industrial Creation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Shunki Yamamura
- Department of Industrial Creation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takamura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Masaru Inatani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Masaya Oki
- Department of Industrial Creation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
- Life Science Innovation Center, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
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11
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Gao L, Zhou Y, Li N, Liu X, Cong F. Lens Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and Long-Term Chronic Inflammation After Cataract Surgery. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2023; 31:1724-1726. [PMID: 35708475 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2022.2088567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the potential effect of lens epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) following lens capsular reopening in three patients with long term chronic intraocular inflammation and mildly elevated intraocular pressure. METHODS Observational study. RESULTS Although the three patients had different histories of eye surgery and had experienced a long process of diagnosis and treatment, they had the following similarities: 1) They had undergone cataract surgery; 2) All of them had capsular bag opening or reopening and unexplained intraocular inflammation and elevated intraocular pressure for a long time, even up to more than one year; 3) The inflammation was eventually disappeared following complete clearance of the EMT derived material. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the critical role of EMT derived material and capsular bag reopening in long-term post cataract surgery inflammation and pseudophakic ocular hypertension, and complete clearance of EMT derived material with surgical intervention should be considered if necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- Zhengda Guangming Eye Group, Weifang Eye Hospital, Weifang, P.R. China
- Zhengda Guangming International Eye Research Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- Zhengda Guangming Eye Group, Weifang Eye Hospital, Weifang, P.R. China
| | - Na Li
- Zhengda Guangming Eye Group, Weifang Eye Hospital, Weifang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- Zhengda Guangming Eye Group, Weifang Eye Hospital, Weifang, P.R. China
| | - Fei Cong
- Zhengda Guangming Eye Group, Weifang Eye Hospital, Weifang, P.R. China
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Li X, Li J, Sun D, Ma T, Chen W, Ye Z, Li Z. Development and Validation of a Prediction Model for Nd:YAG Laser Capsulotomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 9768 eyes. Ophthalmol Ther 2023; 12:1893-1912. [PMID: 37133707 PMCID: PMC10287599 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-023-00723-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is the most common complication of cataract surgery. In this study, we develop a model to quantitatively predict the probability of Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy for vision-threatening PCO to improve the life quality of postoperative patients. METHODS A registry analysis of cataract procedures performed between the years 2010 and 2021. Following the screening of 16,802 patients (25,883 eyes), 9768 patients (eyes) were enrolled. The cohort was randomly divided into two groups: training (n = 6838) and validation (n = 2930). To identify relevant risk factors, univariate, multivariate, and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) algorithm Cox regression analysis were employed, and a nomogram was created to demonstrate the prediction result. RESULTS At 5 years, the overall cumulative incidence of Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy was 12.0% (1169/9768). The following variables were included in the prediction model: sex [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.53, 95% CI 1.32-1.76], age (HR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.56-0.88), intraocular lens (IOL) material (HR = 2.65, 95% CI 2.17-3.24), high myopia (HR = 2.28, 95% CI 1.90-2.75), and fibrinogen (HR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.72-0.88). In the validation cohort, the area under the curve (AUC) of 1-, 3-, and 5-year predictions for Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy were 0.702, 0.691, and 0.688, respectively. For a subgroup of patients with high myopia, the protective effect of hydrophobic IOL disappeared (HR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.51-1.12, P = 0.127). CONCLUSION This model could predict the probability of Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy for vision-threatening PCO after cataract surgery by taking into account factors such as age, gender, IOL material, high myopia, and fibrinogen. Meanwhile, implantation of a hydrophobic IOL in individuals with high myopia did not demonstrate a protective impact against vision-threatening PCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanlong Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853 China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Jinglan Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853 China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Di Sun
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853 China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Tianju Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Wenqian Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Zi Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039 China
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13
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Peng Y, Bui CH, Zhang XJ, Chen JS, Tham CC, Chu WK, Chen LJ, Pang CP, Yam JC. The role of EZH2 in ocular diseases: a narrative review. Epigenomics 2023; 15:557-570. [PMID: 37458071 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
EZH2, acting as a catalytic subunit of PRC2 to catalyze lysine 27 in histone H3, induces the suppression of gene expression. EZH2 can regulate cell proliferation and differentiation of retinal progenitors, which are required for physiological retinal development. Meanwhile, an abnormal level of EZH2 has been observed in ocular tumors and other pathological tissues. This review summarizes the current knowledge on EZH2 in retinal development and ocular diseases, including inherited retinal diseases, ocular tumors, corneal injury, cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and age-related retinal degeneration. We highlight the potential of targeting EZH2 as a precision therapeutic target in ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Christine Ht Bui
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Xiu J Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Jian S Chen
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410000, China
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410000, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510000, China
| | - Clement C Tham
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, 999077, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Wai K Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Li J Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, 999077, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Chi P Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Jason C Yam
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, 999077, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
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14
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FGF-2 Differentially Regulates Lens Epithelial Cell Behaviour during TGF-β-Induced EMT. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060827. [PMID: 36980168 PMCID: PMC10046997 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) can regulate and/or dysregulate lens epithelial cell (LEC) behaviour, including proliferation, fibre differentiation, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Earlier studies have investigated the crosstalk between FGF and TGF-β in dictating lens cell fate, that appears to be dose dependent. Here, we tested the hypothesis that a fibre-differentiating dose of FGF differentially regulates the behaviour of lens epithelial cells undergoing TGF-β-induced EMT. Postnatal 21-day-old rat lens epithelial explants were treated with a fibre-differentiating dose of FGF-2 (200 ng/mL) and/or TGF-β2 (50 pg/mL) over a 7-day culture period. We compared central LECs (CLECs) and peripheral LECs (PLECs) using immunolabelling for changes in markers for EMT (α-SMA), lens fibre differentiation (β-crystallin), epithelial cell adhesion (β-catenin), and the cytoskeleton (alpha-tropomyosin), as well as Smad2/3- and MAPK/ERK1/2-signalling. Lens epithelial explants cotreated with FGF-2 and TGF-β2 exhibited a differential response, with CLECs undergoing EMT while PLECs favoured more of a lens fibre differentiation response, compared to the TGF-β-only-treated explants where all cells in the explants underwent EMT. The CLECs cotreated with FGF and TGF-β immunolabelled for α-SMA, with minimal β-crystallin, whereas the PLECs demonstrated strong β-crystallin reactivity and little α-SMA. Interestingly, compared to the TGF-β-only-treated explants, α-SMA was significantly decreased in the CLECs cotreated with FGF/TGF-β. Smad-dependent and independent signalling was increased in the FGF-2/TGF-β2 co-treated CLECs, that had a heightened number of cells with nuclear localisation of Smad2/3 compared to the PLECs, that in contrast had more pronounced ERK1/2-signalling over Smad2/3 activation. The current study has confirmed that FGF-2 is influential in differentially regulating the behaviour of LECs during TGF-β-induced EMT, leading to a heterogenous cell population, typical of that observed in the development of post-surgical, posterior capsular opacification (PCO). This highlights the cooperative relationship between FGF and TGF-β leading to lens pathology, providing a different perspective when considering preventative measures for controlling PCO.
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15
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Liu Z, Huang S, Zheng Y, Zhou T, Hu L, Xiong L, Li DWC, Liu Y. The lens epithelium as a major determinant in the development, maintenance, and regeneration of the crystalline lens. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 92:101112. [PMID: 36055924 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The crystalline lens is a transparent and refractive biconvex structure formed by lens epithelial cells (LECs) and lens fibers. Lens opacity, also known as cataracts, is the leading cause of blindness in the world. LECs are the principal cells of lens throughout human life, exhibiting different physiological properties and functions. During the embryonic stage, LECs proliferate and differentiate into lens fibers, which form the crystalline lens. Genetics and environment are vital factors that influence normal lens development. During maturation, LECs help maintain lens homeostasis through material transport, synthesis and metabolism as well as mitosis and proliferation. If disturbed, this will result in loss of lens transparency. After cataract surgery, the repair potential of LECs is activated and the structure and transparency of the regenerative tissue depends on postoperative microenvironment. This review summarizes recent research advances on the role of LECs in lens development, homeostasis, and regeneration, with a particular focus on the role of cholesterol synthesis (eg., lanosterol synthase) in lens development and homeostasis maintenance, and how the regenerative potential of LECs can be harnessed to develop surgical strategies and improve the outcomes of cataract surgery (Fig. 1). These new insights suggest that LECs are a major determinant of the physiological and pathological state of the lens. Further studies on their molecular biology will offer possibility to explore new approaches for cataract prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Shan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yingfeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Leyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Lang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - David Wan-Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China; Research Unit of Ocular Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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16
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Askari S, Azizi F, Javadpour P, Karimi N, Ghasemi R. Endoplasmic reticulum stress as an underlying factor in leading causes of blindness and potential therapeutic effects of 4-phenylbutyric acid: from bench to bedside. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2022.2145945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Askari
- Neuroscience Research center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Azizi
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Javadpour
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Karimi
- Eye and Skull Base Research Centers, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran5Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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The Immediate Early Response of Lens Epithelial Cells to Lens Injury. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213456. [PMID: 36359852 PMCID: PMC9654717 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cataracts are treated by lens fiber cell removal followed by intraocular lens (IOL) implantation into the lens capsule. While effective, this procedure leaves behind numerous lens epithelial cells (LECs) which undergo a wound healing response that frequently leads to posterior capsular opacification (PCO). In order to elucidate the acute response of LECs to lens fiber cell removal which models cataract surgery (post cataract surgery, PCS), RNA-seq was conducted on LECs derived from wild type mice at 0 and 6 h PCS. This analysis found that LECs upregulate the expression of numerous proinflammatory cytokines and profibrotic regulators by 6 h PCS suggesting rapid priming of pathways leading to inflammation and fibrosis PCS. LECs also highly upregulate the expression of numerous immediate early transcription factors (IETFs) by 6 h PCS and immunolocalization found elevated levels of these proteins by 3 h PCS, and this was preceded by the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in injured LECs. Egr1 and FosB were among the highest expressed of these factors and qRT-PCR revealed that they also upregulate in explanted mouse lens epithelia suggesting potential roles in the LEC injury response. Analysis of lenses lacking either Egr1 or FosB revealed that both genes may regulate a portion of the acute LEC injury response, although neither gene was essential for expression of either proinflammatory or fibrotic markers at later times PCS suggesting that IETFs may work in concert to mediate the LEC injury response following cataract surgery.
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18
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Gilger BC. How study of naturally occurring ocular disease in animals improves ocular health globally. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:1887-1893. [PMID: 36198052 DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.08.0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this article, which is part of the Currents in One Health series, the role of naturally occurring ocular disease in animals is reviewed with emphasis on how the understanding of these ocular diseases contributes to one health initiatives, particularly the pathogenesis and treatment of ocular diseases common to animals and humans. Animals spontaneously develop ocular diseases that closely mimic those in humans, especially dry eye disease, herpes virus infection (cats), fungal keratitis (horses), bacterial keratoconjunctivitis, uveitis, and glaucoma. Both uveitis and glaucoma are common in domestic animals and humans, and many similarities exist in pathogenesis, genetics, and response to therapy. Furthermore, the study of inherited retinal disease in animals has particularly epitomized the one health concept, specifically the collaborative efforts of multiple disciplines working to attain optimal health for people and animals. Through this study of retinal disease in dogs, innovative therapies such as gene therapy have been developed. A unique opportunity exists to study ocular disease in shared environments to better understand the interplay between the environment, genetics, and ocular disease in both animals and humans. The companion Currents in One Health by Gilger, AJVR, December 2022, addresses in more detail recent studies of noninfectious immune-mediated animal ocular disease and their role in advancing ocular health globally.
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19
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Silibinin suppresses TGFβ2-induced lens epithelial cell migration and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. J Biosci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-022-00286-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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20
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Zhang C, Guo Q, Tong Z, Chen S, Mao Z, Yu Y. Thin film nanoarchitectonics of layer-by-layer assembly with reduced graphene oxide on intraocular lens for photothermal therapy of posterior capsular opacification. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 619:348-358. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.03.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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Wang H, Zheng G, Sun M, Chi Y. Circ-POLR3A accelerates TGF-β2-induced promotion in cell viability, migration, and invasion of lens epithelial cells via miR-31/TXNIP signaling cascade. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23144. [PMID: 35730126 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is the major complication after cataract surgery and can result in secondary vision loss. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are reported to play critical regulatory roles in multiple cell biological processes. The most common working mechanism of circRNAs is by acting as microRNA sponges. Here, we analyzed the role and mechanism of circRNA RNA polymerase III subunit A (POLR3A) in PCO. Cell viability was analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Cell motility was assessed by transwell and wound healing assays. Dual-luciferase reporter and RNA-pull-down assays were performed to verify the interaction between microRNA-31 (miR-31) and circ-POLR3A or thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP). PCO cell model was established by treating SRA01/04 cells with transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2). We found that TGF-β2 enhanced SRA01/04 cell viability, migration, and invasion abilities. Circ-POLR3A expression was upregulated in PCO tissues and TGF-β2-induced SRA01/04 cells. TGF-β2 promoted the viability and motility of SRA01/04 cells largely by upregulating circ-POLR3A. Circ-POLR3A negatively regulated the miR-31 level by directly interacting with it. Circ-POLR3A absence-induced influences in TGF-β2-induced SRA01/04 cells were partly reversed by silencing miR-31. miR-31 is directly bound to the 3'-untranslated region of TXNIP. TXNIP overexpression largely attenuated miR-31 overexpression-mediated effects in TGF-β2-induced SRA01/04 cells. Circ-POLR3A could elevate the protein expression of TXNIP by sponging miR-31. Exosomes were involved in mediating the delivery of circ-POLR3A in SRA01/04 cells. In conclusion, circ-POLR3A contributed to TGF-β2-induced promotion of cell viability, migration, and invasion of SRA01/04 cells by targeting miR-31/TXNIP axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan, China
| | - Guangying Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan, China
| | - Miaomiao Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan, China
| | - Yingjie Chi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan, China
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22
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Sun J, Han S, Chen P. LncRNA XIST contributes to epithelial–mesenchymal transformation in posterior opacity via regulating miR-98-5p/COL5A2 axis and PI3K/Akt/FOXO1 pathway. Mol Cell Toxicol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-022-00247-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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23
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Menko AS, Romisher A, Walker JL. The Pro-fibrotic Response of Mesenchymal Leader Cells to Lens Wounding Involves Hyaluronic Acid, Its Receptor RHAMM, and Vimentin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:862423. [PMID: 35386200 PMCID: PMC8977891 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.862423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic Acid/Hyaluronan (HA) is a major component of the provisional matrix deposited by cells post-wounding with roles both in regulating cell migration to repair a wound and in promoting a fibrotic outcome to wounding. Both are mediated through its receptors CD44 and RHAMM. We now showed that HA is present in the provisional matrix assembled on the substrate surface in a lens post-cataract surgery explant wound model in which mesenchymal leader cells populate the wound edges to direct migration of the lens epithelium across the adjacent culture substrate onto which this matrix is assembled. Inhibiting HA expression with 4-MU blocked assembly of FN-EDA and collagen I by the wound-responsive mesenchymal leader cells and their migration. These cells express both the HA receptors CD44 and RHAMM. CD44 co-localized with HA at their cell-cell interfaces. RHAMM was predominant in the lamellipodial protrusions extended by the mesenchymal cells at the leading edge, and along HA fibrils organized on the substrate surface. Within a few days post-lens wounding the leader cells are induced to transition to αSMA+ myofibroblasts. Since HA/RHAMM is implicated in both cell migration and inducing fibrosis we examined the impact of blocking HA synthesis on myofibroblast emergence and discovered that it was dependent on HA. While RHAMM has not been previously linked to the intermediate filament protein vimentin, our studies with these explant cultures have shown that vimentin in the cells’ lamellipodial protrusions regulate their transition to myofibroblast. PLA studies now revealed that RHAMM was complexed with both HA and vimentin in the lamellipodial protrusions of leader cells, implicating this HA/RHAMM/vimentin complex in the regulation of leader cell function post-wounding, both in promoting cell migration and in the transition of these cells to myofibroblasts. These results increase our understanding of how the post-wounding matrix environment interacts with receptor/cytoskeletal complexes to determine whether injury outcomes are regenerative or fibrotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sue Menko
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alison Romisher
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Janice L Walker
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Huai B, Huang C, Hu L. Curcumin suppresses TGF-β2-induced proliferation, migration, and invasion in lens epithelial cells by targeting KCNQ1OT1/miR-377-3p/COL1A2 axis in posterior capsule opacification. Curr Eye Res 2022; 47:715-726. [PMID: 35179079 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2021.2021537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is a common complication after cataract surgery, which can lead to secondary loss of vision. Curcumin has been reported to play a suppressive role in PCO progression, and the potential molecular mechanism was explored in this study. METHODS Cell viability and proliferation were analyzed by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay. Transwell assay and wound healing assay were performed to assess cell invasion and migration abilities. Western blot assay and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were conducted to measure the expression of proteins and RNAs. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay were conducted to confirm the interaction between microRNA-377-3p (miR-377-3p) and KCNQ1 opposite strand/antisense transcript 1 (KCNQ1OT1) or collagen type I alpha 2 chain (COL1A2). RESULTS Curcumin dose-dependently alleviated transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2)-induced proliferation, migration, and invasion in SRA01/04 cells. KCNQ1OT1 was up-regulated in PCO patients and TGF-β2-induced SRA01/04 cells. Curcumin-induced protective effects in TGF-β2-induced SRA01/04 cells were largely overturned by KCNQ1OT1 overexpression. KCNQ1OT1 directly interacted with miR-377-3p and negatively regulated its expression. miR-377-3p silencing overturned Curcumin-mediated protective effects in SRA01/04 cells upon TGF-β2 treatment. miR-377-3p directly interacted with the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of COL1A2. COL1A2 overexpression largely counteracted KCNQ1OT1 silencing-induced effects in TGF-β2-stimulated SRA01/04 cells. KCNQ1OT1 could up-regulate COL1A2 expression by sponging miR-377-3p in SRA01/04 cells. CONCLUSION In conclusion, Curcumin suppressed TGF-β2-induced malignant changes in lens epithelial cells by targeting KCNQ1OT1/miR-377-3p/COL1A2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Huai
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Second People's Hospital (Jinan Eye Hospital), Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinan Second People's Hospital (Jinan Eye Hospital), Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan 250001, Shandong, China
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25
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The Influence of Inflammation in Posterior Capsule Opacification Development. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/sjecr-2021-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Cataract represents the reduction of the transparency of the crystalline lens. Cataract surgery is the most commonly performed surgical procedure worldwide. One of the most common postoperative complication of successfully performed cataract surgery is a development of posterior capsule opacification (PCO). In the postoperative period, lens epithelial cells (LECs) undergo proliferation, migration and differentiation, which is clinically manifested by the development of PCO. Inflammation has a central role in these processes. Cytokines, such as transforming growth factor β, fibroblast growth factor, interleukin 1, interleukin 6, matrix metalloproteinases have a huge effect on the activity of LECs. Understanding these processes can find a great usage in clinical practice. By prescribing anti-inflammatory therapy in the early postoperative period, the incidence of PCO can be significantly reduced.
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Huang P, Hu Y, Duan Y. TGF-β2-induced circ-PRDM5 regulates migration, invasion, and EMT through the miR-92b-3p/COL1A2 pathway in human lens epithelial cells. J Mol Histol 2022; 53:309-320. [PMID: 35083632 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-10053-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
CircRNA circ-PRDM5 (PR/SET domain 5) (circ-PRDM5) is overexpressed in age-related cataracts. Nevertheless, the biological role of circ-PRDM5 in posterior capsule opacities (PCO) (a common complication after cataract surgery) is unclear. Human lens epithelial cells SRA01/04 (LECs) were stimulated with TGF-β2 (transforming growth factor beta-2) to mimic the PCO model in vitro. Cell viability, migration, and invasion were determined by MTT, transwell, or wound-healing assays. Protein levels of EMT (epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition) markers and COL1A2 (collagen type I alpha 2 chain) were analyzed by western blotting (WB). Relative expression of circ-PRDM5, miR-92b-3p, and COL1A2 mRNA was analyzed by qRT-PCR. The targeting relationship was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter and RIP assays. We observed that circ-PRDM5 and COL1A2 were upregulated in PCO tissues and TGF-β2-treated LECs, while miR-92b-3p was downregulated. Both circ-PRDM5 and COL1A2 knockdown impaired TGF-β2-induced LEC migration, invasion, and EMT. Also, circ-PRDM5 could adsorb miR-92b-3p to regulate COL1A2 expression. Furthermore, miR-92b-3p inhibitor offset circ-PRDM5 knockdown-mediated influence on migration, invasion, and EMT of LECs under TGF-β2 stimulation. Also, COL1A2 overexpression overturned the repressive influence of miR-92b-3p mimic on TGF-β2-induced LEC migration, invasion, and EMT. In summary, TGF-β2-induced circ-PRDM5 facilitated LEC migration, invasion, and EMT by adsorbing miR-92b-3p and increasing COL1A2 expression, offering new insights into the development of PCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Huang
- Department of Cataract and Glaucoma, The Eyegood Eye Hospital of WuHan, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Hu
- Department of Ocular Fundus Diseases, The Eyegood Eye Hospital of WuHan, No. 10, Chang Gang Road, Wuhan, 430024, Hubei, China
| | - Yuping Duan
- Department of Ocular Fundus Diseases, The Eyegood Eye Hospital of WuHan, No. 10, Chang Gang Road, Wuhan, 430024, Hubei, China.
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Lu D, Han Y, Liu D, Chen S, Qie J, Qu J, Lin Q. Centrifugally concentric ring-patterned drug-loaded polymeric coating as an intraocular lens surface modification for efficient prevention of posterior capsular opacification. Acta Biomater 2022; 138:327-341. [PMID: 34800717 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is the main postoperative complication after intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in cataract surgery, because of the proliferation of the residual lens epithelial cells (LECs) in the lens capsule. Drug-eluting IOLs, aimed to develop an in situ drug delivery device, are the promising concept in recent years. As IOLs are optical devices other than implants, the feasibility and applicability remain a challenge for drug-eluting coatings. In this investigation, a centrifugally concentric ring-patterned drug-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) coating was designed and fabricated by the spin coating technique. The concentric ring-patterned morphologies and the drug loading and release properties were carefully investigated, and the spin coating parameters were optimized. A concentric annular coating with a thin center and thick periphery was obtained, which was particularly suitable for the surface modification of IOLs, as the visual pathway of the intraocular light transmission greatly requires good light transmittance of the IOLs. IOLs with the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A (CsA)-loaded coating (CsA @ PLGA) modification were then fabricated for PCO prevention. The in vitro LECs culture results showed that the CsA @ PLGA coating-modified IOLs significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell death. Western blot analysis showed that the efficient cell inhibition behavior of CsA was due to the autophagy-mediated cell death pathway. The in vivo intraocular implantation results confirmed the desired PCO inhibition effect. Thus, the centrifugally concentric ring-patterned drug-loaded PLGA coating obtained by the spin coating technique provides a simple yet effective alternative of IOL modification for PCO prevention. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: • Concentric ring-patterned polymer coating, specifically for drug-eluting IOL fabrication, was developed by the spin coating technique. • The immunosuppressant CsA inhibited LEC proliferation through the autophagy-mediated cell death pathway. • Concentric ring-patterned CsA-eluting IOLs exhibited reliable in vivo PCO prevention. • The drug-eluting IOLs fabricated by the simple and economical spin coating technique have a great potential in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duoduo Lu
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, PR China
| | - Yuemei Han
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, PR China
| | - Dong Liu
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, PR China
| | - Siqi Chen
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, PR China
| | - Jiqiao Qie
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, PR China
| | - Jia Qu
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, PR China.
| | - Quankui Lin
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, PR China.
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Liu J, Dong Y, Ji Q, Wen Y, Ke G, Shi L, Guan W, Xu W. Circ-MKLN1/miR-377-3p/CTGF Axis Regulates the TGF-β2-induced Posterior Capsular Opacification in SRA01/04 Cells. Curr Eye Res 2021; 47:372-381. [PMID: 34961410 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2021.1988983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is a common postoperative ocular complication after cataract surgery. Little research focused on the regulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in PCO. This study was designed to investigate the function of circRNA-muskelin (circ-MKLN1) in PCO. METHODS SRA01/04 cells were treated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2. Cell viability was analyzed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Transwell assay was used for cell migration and invasion detection. Cell migration was also measured by wound healing assay. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were quantified using western blot. RESULTS Cell viability, migration, invasion and EMT process in SRA01/04 cells were facilitated by TGF-β2. Circ-MKLN1 expression was enhanced in 17 PCO lens samples relative to 19 normal lens samples and TGF-β2-treated SRA01/04 cells contrasted to control cells. Downregulation of circ-MKLN1 inhibited the effects of TGF-β2 on SRA01/04 cells. Circ-MKLN1 targeted miR-377-3p and the regulation of si-circ-MKLN1 for the TGF-β2-induced influences was related to the upregulation of miR-377-3p. CTGF was the target gene for miR-377-3p. CTGF knockdown also abolished the TGF-β2-mediated cell growth, migration and invasion of SRA01/04 cells. The function of miR-377-3p was achieved by reducing the CTGF level. TGF-β2-induced CTGF expression promotion was alleviated by si-circ-MKLN1 through upregulating the expression of miR-377-3p. CONCLUSION These results showed that circ-MKLN1 contributed to the progression of PCO in vitro by increasing the CTGF expression via sponging miR-377-3p. Circ-MKLN1 might be important for improving the molecular target therapy in PCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei City, Anhui, 230001, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, China.,Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yiran Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qingshan Ji
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei City, Anhui, 230001, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, China
| | - Yuechun Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Genjie Ke
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Weiping Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei City, Anhui, 230001, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, China.,Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Zhang X, Lai K, Li S, Wang J, Li J, Wang W, Ni S, Lu B, Grzybowski A, Ji J, Han H, Yao K. Drug-eluting intraocular lens with sustained bromfenac release for conquering posterior capsular opacification. Bioact Mater 2021; 9:343-357. [PMID: 34820575 PMCID: PMC8586266 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cataract is the leading cause of visual impairment, and posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is the most common long-term complication of modern cataract surgery, which can cause severe visual impairment after surgery. The proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of residual lens epithelial cells (LECs) stimulated by growth factors and cytokines, are the key pathological mechanisms involved in the development of PCO. This study demonstrated that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), bromfenac, was capable of effectively inhibiting cell migration, overexpression of EMT markers, such as fibronectin (FN), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and transcription factor Snail, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) signaling induced by transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) in vitro. The inhibitory effect of bromfenac on TGF-β2-induced EMT was also verified on a primary lens epithelial cell model using human anterior capsules. Furthermore, based on ultrasonic spray technology, we developed a drug-eluting intraocular lens (IOL) using poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) with sustained bromfenac release ability for the prevention of PCO development. In the rabbit models of cataract surgery, bromfenac-eluting IOL exhibited remarkable PCO prevention and inflammation suppression effects with excellent biocompatibility. In conclusion, bromfenac can inhibit TGF-β2-induced cell migration and the EMT of LECs via ERK/GSK-3β/Snail signaling. The present study offers a novel approach for preventing PCO through PLGA-based drug sustained-release IOLs. Bromfenac inhibited TGF-β2-induced migration and EMT of LECs through ERK/GSK-3β/Snail signaling. Drug-eluting IOLs with sustained bromfenac release were developed based on ultrasonic spray technology. Bromfenac-eluting IOLs exhibited remarkable PCO prevention and inflammation suppression effects in vivo. Bromfenac-eluting IOLs hold great potential for clinical application of PCO prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhang
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Kairan Lai
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Su Li
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiayong Li
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shuang Ni
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Bing Lu
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Andrzej Grzybowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 60-554 Olsztyn, Poland.,Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, Gorczyczewskiego 2/3, 61-553 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Haijie Han
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, PR China
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Hidalgo-Alvarez V, Dhowre HS, Kingston OA, Sheridan CM, Levis HJ. Biofabrication of Artificial Stem Cell Niches in the Anterior Ocular Segment. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:135. [PMID: 34677208 PMCID: PMC8533470 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8100135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The anterior segment of the eye is a complex set of structures that collectively act to maintain the integrity of the globe and direct light towards the posteriorly located retina. The eye is exposed to numerous physical and environmental insults such as infection, UV radiation, physical or chemical injuries. Loss of transparency to the cornea or lens (cataract) and dysfunctional regulation of intra ocular pressure (glaucoma) are leading causes of worldwide blindness. Whilst traditional therapeutic approaches can improve vision, their effect often fails to control the multiple pathological events that lead to long-term vision loss. Regenerative medicine approaches in the eye have already had success with ocular stem cell therapy and ex vivo production of cornea and conjunctival tissue for transplant recovering patients' vision. However, advancements are required to increase the efficacy of these as well as develop other ocular cell therapies. One of the most important challenges that determines the success of regenerative approaches is the preservation of the stem cell properties during expansion culture in vitro. To achieve this, the environment must provide the physical, chemical and biological factors that ensure the maintenance of their undifferentiated state, as well as their proliferative capacity. This is likely to be accomplished by replicating the natural stem cell niche in vitro. Due to the complex nature of the cell microenvironment, the creation of such artificial niches requires the use of bioengineering techniques which can replicate the physico-chemical properties and the dynamic cell-extracellular matrix interactions that maintain the stem cell phenotype. This review discusses the progress made in the replication of stem cell niches from the anterior ocular segment by using bioengineering approaches and their therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Hidalgo-Alvarez
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Hala S. Dhowre
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; (H.S.D.); (O.A.K.)
| | - Olivia A. Kingston
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; (H.S.D.); (O.A.K.)
| | - Carl M. Sheridan
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; (H.S.D.); (O.A.K.)
| | - Hannah J. Levis
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; (H.S.D.); (O.A.K.)
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Wang L, Tian Y, Shang Z, Zhang B, Hua X, Yuan X. Metformin attenuates the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of lens epithelial cells through the AMPK/TGF-β/Smad2/3 signalling pathway. Exp Eye Res 2021; 212:108763. [PMID: 34517004 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is a common ocular fibrosis disease related to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human lens epithelial cells (HLECs). However, safe and effective drugs that prevent or treat PCO are lacking. Metformin (Mtf) has been used to treat fibrosis-related diseases affecting many organs and tissues, but its effect on ocular fibrosis-related diseases is unclear. We investigated whether Mtf can inhibit EMT and fibrosis in HLECs to prevent and treat PCO and elucidated the potential molecular mechanism. Here, we established an HLEC model of TGF-β-induced EMT and found that 400 μM Mtf inhibited vertical and lateral migration and EMT-related gene and protein expression in HLECs. Smad2/3 are downstream molecules of TGF-β that enter the nucleus to regulate EMT-related gene expression during the occurrence and development of PCO. We revealed that Mtf suppressed TGF-β-induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Mtf induces AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation. In this study, we found that Mtf induced the activation of AMPK phosphorylation in HLECs. To further explore the mechanism of Mtf, we pretreated HLECs with Compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) to repeat the above experiments and found that Compound C abolished the inhibitory effect of Mtf on HLEC EMT and the TGF-β/Smad2/3 signalling pathway. Thus, Mtf targets AMPK phosphorylation to inhibit the TGF-β/Smad2/3 signalling pathway and prevent HLEC EMT. Notably, we first illustrated the AMPK/TGF-β/Smad2/3 signalling pathway in HLECs, which may provide a new therapeutic strategy for PCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300020, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300020, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Zhiqun Shang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Boya Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Xia Hua
- Tianjin Aier Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300191, China; Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, 410000, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Yuan
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300020, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China.
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Jaitli A, Roy J, Chatila A, Liao J, Tang L. Effect of time and temperature-dependent changes of IOL material properties on IOL: Lens capsule interactions. Exp Eye Res 2021; 211:108726. [PMID: 34403680 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Posterior Capsule Opacification (PCO) is the most common complication associated with Intraocular Lens (IOL) implantation. Based on the assumption that the interactions between an IOL and the lens capsule (LC) may influence the extent of PCO formation, a new in vitro model was developed to quantify the adhesion force of an IOL to simulated LC using a custom-designed micro-force tester. Using this system, we examined the influence of temperature (room temperature vs. body temperature) and incubation time (0 vs. 24 h) on the adhesion force between IOLs and LCs. The results show that, in line with clinical observations of PCO incidence, the adhesion force increased at body temperature and with increase in incubation time in the following order, Acrylic foldable IOLs > Silicone IOLs > PMMA IOLs. By examining the changes of surface properties as a function of temperature and incubation time, we found that acrylic foldable IOLs showed the largest increase in their hydrophilicity and reported the lowest surface roughness in comparison to other IOL groups. Coincidentally, using a newly established macromolecular dye imaging system to simulate cell migration between IOLs and LC, we observed that the amount of macromolecular dye infiltration between IOLs and LCs was in the following order: PMMA IOLs > Silicone IOLs > Acrylic foldable IOLs. These results support a new potential mechanism that body temperature, incubation time, surface hydrophilicity and smoothness of IOLs greatly contribute to their tight binding to LCs and such tight binding may lead to reduced IOL: LC space, cell infiltration, and thus PCO formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Jaitli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Joyita Roy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Amjad Chatila
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Jun Liao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Liping Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA; Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
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Rankenberg J, Rakete S, Wagner BD, Patnaik JL, Henning C, Lynch A, Glomb MA, Nagaraj RH. Advanced glycation end products in human diabetic lens capsules. Exp Eye Res 2021; 210:108704. [PMID: 34302851 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulate with age in human lens capsules. AGEs in lens capsules potentiate the transforming growth factor beta-2-mediated mesenchymal transition of lens epithelial cells, which suggests that they play a role in posterior capsule opacification after cataract surgery. We measured AGEs by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in capsulorhexis specimens obtained during cataract surgery from nondiabetic and diabetic patients with and without established retinopathy. Our data showed that the levels of most AGEs (12 out of 13 measured) were unaltered in diabetic patients and diabetic patients with retinopathy compared to nondiabetic patients. There was one exception: glucosepane, which was significantly higher in diabetic patients, both with (6.85 pmol/μmol OH-proline) and without retinopathy (8.32 pmol/μmol OH-proline), than in nondiabetic patients (4.01 pmol/μmol OH-proline). Our study provides an explanation for the similar incidence of posterior capsule opacification between nondiabetic and diabetic cataract patients observed in several studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Rankenberg
- Sue-Anschutz Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Stefan Rakete
- Sue-Anschutz Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Present Address: Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Brandie D Wagner
- Sue-Anschutz Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer L Patnaik
- Sue-Anschutz Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christian Henning
- Institute of Chemistry-Food Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/ Saale, Germany
| | - Anne Lynch
- Sue-Anschutz Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Marcus A Glomb
- Institute of Chemistry-Food Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/ Saale, Germany
| | - Ram H Nagaraj
- Sue-Anschutz Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Konopińska J, Młynarczyk M, Dmuchowska DA, Obuchowska I. Posterior Capsule Opacification: A Review of Experimental Studies. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132847. [PMID: 34199147 PMCID: PMC8269180 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is the most common complication of cataract surgery. It causes a gradual deterioration of visual acuity, which would otherwise improve after a successful procedure. Despite recent advances in ophthalmology, this complication has not been eradicated, and the incidence of PCO can be as high as 10%. This article reviews the literature concerning the pathomechanism of PCO and examines the biochemical pathways involved in its formation and methods to prevent this complication. We also review the reported tests performed in cell cultures under laboratory conditions and in experimental animal models and in ex vivo human lens capsules. Finally, we describe research involving human eyes in the clinical setting and pharmacological methods that may reduce the frequency of PCO. Due to the multifactorial etiology of PCO, in vitro studies make it possible to assess the factors contributing to its complications and search for new therapeutic targets. Not all pathways involved in cell proliferation, migration, and contraction of the lens capsule are reproducible in laboratory conditions; moreover, PCO in humans and laboratory animals may be additionally stimulated by various degrees of postoperative reactions depending on the course of surgery. Therefore, further studies are necessary.
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Factors Affecting Posterior Capsule Opacification in the Development of Intraocular Lens Materials. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060860. [PMID: 34200928 PMCID: PMC8230425 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is the most common complication arising from the corrective surgery used to treat cataract patients. PCO arises when lens epithelial cells (LEC) residing in the capsular bag post-surgery undergo hyper-proliferation and transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts, migrating from the posterior capsule over the visual axis of the newly implanted intraocular lens (IOL). The developmental pathways underlying PCO are yet to be fully understood and the current literature is contradictory regarding the impact of the recognised risk factors of PCO. The aim of this review is firstly to collate the known biochemical pathways that lead to PCO development, providing an up-to-date chronological overview from surgery to established PCO formation. Secondly, the risk factors of PCO are evaluated, focussing on the impact of IOLs’ properties. Finally, the latest experimental model designs used in PCO research are discussed to demonstrate the ongoing development of clinical PCO models, the efficacy of newly developed IOL technology, and potential therapeutic interventions. This review will contribute to current PCO literature by presenting an updated overview of the known developmental pathways of PCO, an evaluation of the impact of the risk factors underlying its development, and the latest experimental models used to investigate PCO. Furthermore, the review should provide developmental routes for research into the investigation of potential therapeutic interventions and improvements in IOL design in the aid of preventing PCO for new and existing patients.
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Kaempferol ameliorates the regulatory effects of PVT1/ miR-214 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition through the PAK4/β-catenin axis in SRA01/04 cells. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:613-623. [PMID: 33527844 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate whether kaempferol exhibits a protective effect on high glucose-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by mediating the PVT1/miR-214 and PAK4/β-catenin pathways in SRA01/04 cells. Methods & methods: qRT-PCR and western blot assays were used for gene and protein determination, and migration and invasion assays were conducted. A coimmunoprecipitation assay was used for determining protein interactions. Results: High glucose effectively upregulated PVT1 expression, downregulated miR-214 expression and promoted cell migration and invasion. Kaempferol attenuated high glucose-induced EMT by increasing PVT1 expression and decreasing miR-214 expression. PAK4 was identified as a direct target of miR-214. PAK4 overexpression could rescue the effects of PVT1 deficiency on SRA01/04 cells. Conclusion: Kaempferol ameliorated the regulatory effects of PVT1/miR-214 on high glucose-induced EMT through PAK4/β-catenin in SRA01/04 cells.
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Wang R, Xia J, Tang J, Liu D, Zhu S, Wen S, Lin Q. Surface Modification of Intraocular Lens with Hydrophilic Poly(Sulfobetaine Methacrylate) Brush for Posterior Capsular Opacification Prevention. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2021; 37:172-180. [PMID: 33497580 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2020.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The intraocular lens (IOL) is a common, yet important, implantable device used in treatment of cataract in clinics. However, the unexpected adhesion of postoperative residual lens epithelial cells (LECs) often causes serious complications, such as posterior capsular opacification (PCO), which lead to vision loss again. In this investigation, a poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA) brush coating was fabricated on an IOL to generate a hydrophilic surface coating on the IOL for enhanced cell adhesion resistance so as to decrease PCO incidence. Methods: The PSBMA brush coating on the IOL surface was fabricated using surface-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to demonstrate the surface coating preparation. The water contact angle (WCA) measurement was used to test surface hydrophilicity. In vitro LEC culture was use to evaluate the cell behavior on the IOL material surfaces, with or without PSBMA coating modification. Finally, animal cataract surgeries were carried out to evaluate in vivo biocompatibilities and anti-PCO effects. Results: The XPS and WCA measurements illustrate successful surface modification and good surface hydrophilicity. The in vitro cell culture results show that the hydrophilic PSBMA polymer brush coating evidently decreases adhesion and proliferation of LECs. Results of the in vivo cataract surgery with intraocular implantation show that PSBMA modification on the IOL surface does not induce side effects in nearby tissues, whereas posterior capsular hyperplasia can be evidently reduced. Conclusion: The PSBMA brush surface-modified IOL has good in vivo biocompatibility and it can effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative PCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Xia
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junmei Tang
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Siqing Zhu
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shimin Wen
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Quankui Lin
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Hiramatsu N, Nagai N, Kondo M, Imaizumi K, Sasaki H, Yamamoto N. Morphological comparison between three-dimensional structure of immortalized human lens epithelial cells and Soemmering's ring. Med Mol Morphol 2021; 54:216-226. [PMID: 33458799 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-021-00280-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The incidence rate of post-cataract surgery posterior capsule opacification (PCO) and lens turbidity is about 20% in 5 years. Soemmering's ring, which is a type of PCO also called a regenerated lens with similar tissue structure to that of a human lens, is an important proxy for elucidating the mechanism of lens regeneration and maintenance of transparency. The authors created new human immortalized crystalline lens epithelial cells (iHLEC-NY1s) with excellent differentiation potential, and as a result of culturing the cells by static and rotation-floating methods, succeeded in producing a three-dimensional cell structure model (3D-iHLEC-NY1s) which is similar to Soemmering's ring in tissue structure and expression characteristics of αA-crystalline, βB2-crystalline, vimentin proteins. 3D-iHLEC-NY1s is expected to be a proxy in vitro experimental model of Soemmering's ring to enable evaluation of drug effects on suppression of cell aggregate formation and transparency. By further improving the culture conditions, we aim to control the cell sequence and elucidate the mechanism underlying the maintenance of lens transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Hiramatsu
- Center for Clinical Trial and Research Support, Fujita Health University Research Promotion and Support Headquarters, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Noriaki Nagai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Masashi Kondo
- Center for Clinical Trial and Research Support, Fujita Health University Research Promotion and Support Headquarters, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Imaizumi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.
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Jaitli A, Roy J, Mcmahan S, Liao J, Tang L. An in vitro system to investigate IOL: Lens capsule interaction. Exp Eye Res 2021; 203:108430. [PMID: 33422509 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is the most common complication associated with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Unfortunately, current in vitro models cannot be used to assess the potential of PCO due to their failure to simulate the posterior curvature of the lens capsule (LC) and IOL, a factor known to affect PCO pathogenesis in clinic. To overcome such a challenge, a new system to study IOL: LC interaction and potentially predict PCO was developed in this effort. It is believed that the interactions between an IOL and the lens capsule may influence the extent of PCO formation. Specifically, strong adhesion force between an IOL and the LC may impede lens epithelial cell migration and proliferation and thus reduce PCO formation. To assess the adhesion force between an IOL and LC, a new in vitro model was established with simulated LC and a custom-designed micro-force tester. A method to fabricate simulated LCs was developed by imprinting IOLs onto molten gelatin to create simulated three dimensional (3D) LCs with curvature resembling the bag-like structure that collapses on the IOL post implantation. By pushing the LC mold vertically downward, while measuring the change in position of the bending bar with respect to its start position, the adhesion force between the IOLs and LCs was measured. An in vitro system that can measure the adhesion force reproducibly between an IOL and LC with a resolution of ~1 μN was established in this study. During system optimization, the 10% high molecular weight gelatin produced the best LC with the highest IOL: LC adhesion force with all test lenses that were fabricated from acrylic foldable, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and silicone materials. Test IOLs exerted different adhesion force with the 3D simulated LCs in the following sequence: acrylic foldable IOL > silicone IOL > PMMA IOL. These results are in good agreement with the clinical observations associated with PCO performance of IOLs made of the same materials. This novel in vitro system can provide valuable insight on the IOL: LC interplay and its relationship to clinical PCO outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Jaitli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Joyita Roy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Sara Mcmahan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Jun Liao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Liping Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA.
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Long-term myofibroblast persistence in the capsular bag contributes to the late spontaneous in-the-bag intraocular lens dislocation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20532. [PMID: 33239706 PMCID: PMC7689492 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Late spontaneous in-the-bag intraocular lens (IOL) dislocation is a complication presenting 6 months or later after cataract surgery. We aimed to characterize the cells in the lens capsules (LCs) of 18 patients with spontaneous late in-the-bag IOL dislocation. Patients' average age was 82.6 ± 1.5 years (range 72-98), and most of them had pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX). Cells from the LCs were positive for myofibroblast (αSMA), proliferation (Ki-67, PCNA), early lens development/lens progenitor (SOX2, PAX6), chemokine receptor (CXCR4), and transmembrane (N-cadherin) markers, while negative for epithelial (E-cadherin) marker. Moreover, the cells produced abundant fibronectin, type I and type V collagen in the nearby extracellular matrix (ECM). During ex vivo cultivation of dislocated IOL-LCs in toto, the cells proliferated and likely migrated onto the IOL's anterior side. EdU proliferation assay confirmed the proliferation potential of the myofibroblasts (MFBs) in dislocated IOL-LCs. Primary cultured lens epithelial cells/MFBs isolated from the LC of dislocated IOLs could induce collagen matrix contraction and continuously proliferated, migrated, and induced ECM remodeling. Taken together, this indicates that long-lived MFBs of dislocated IOLs might contribute to the pathogenic mechanisms in late in-the-bag IOL dislocation.
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Lu K, Du HT, Lian AL, Su Y, Wang F. Effect of purine-rich box1 on proliferation of fibroblasts. Int J Ophthalmol 2020; 13:1827-1832. [PMID: 33215017 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.11.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are pleomorphic cells that have a multi-directional effect on organ morphogenesis, tissue homeostasis, and immune response. In fibrotic diseases, fibroblasts synthesize large amounts of extracellular matrix (ECM), leading to scarring and organ failure. Purine-rich box1 (PU.1) is a specific transcription factor of hematopoietic cell and belongs to the E26 transformation specificity (ETS) family. Recently, it was found that the transcription factor PU.1 is an important regulatory factor of the profibrotic gene expression program. TGF-β had been proved to play an important role in many ocular tissue fibrosis diseases, and up-regulated the expression of PU.1 in fibroblasts producing ECM in a Smad-3 dependent manner. We explore the effect of PU.1 on fibrosis of different ocular tissues from this perspective. This article reviews the role of PU.1 and its effects on fibrosis of ocular tissue and other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hai-Tao Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ai-Ling Lian
- Department of Centric Operating Room, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Wang H, Zheng G. LncRNA NEAT1 promotes proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition process in TGF-β2-stimulated lens epithelial cells through regulating the miR-486-5p/SMAD4 axis. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:529. [PMID: 33292220 PMCID: PMC7603719 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01619-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormal proliferation, metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) of lens epithelial cells (LECs) are direct factors of posterior capsular opacification (PCO). Nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) has been shown to promote cell proliferation, metastasis and EMT, but whether it affects the progression of PCO is unclear. Methods The expression of NEAT1, microRNA-486-5p (miR-486-5p) and Drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic 4 (SMAD4) was determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The proliferation of cells was measured via 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2 thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Transwell assay was employed to detect the migration and invasion of cells. The levels of EMT marker proteins, SMAD4 protein and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/SMAD signaling pathway-related proteins were assessed by western blot (WB) analysis. Further, the relationship between miR-486-5p and NEAT1 or SMAD4 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay and biotin-labeled RNA pull-down assay. Results NEAT1 is upregulated and miR-486-5p is downregulated in the posterior capsular tissues of PCO patients and TGF-β2-induced LECs. Interference of NEAT1 reverses the promoting effect of TGF-β2 on the proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT of LECs. MiR-486-5p can be sponged by NEAT1, and its inhibitor reverses the suppression effect of NEAT1 silencing on the progression of TGF-β2-induced LECs. SMAD4 functions as a target of miR-486-5p, and its overexpression recovers the inhibition effect of miR-486-5p overexpression on the progression of TGF-β2-induced LECs. The activity of the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway is regulated by the NEAT1/miR-486-5p/SMAD4 axis. Conclusion Our study shows that NEAT1 has a positive effect on the progression of PCO and is expected to become a new target for PCO treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Guangying Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
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Wormstone IM, Wormstone YM, Smith AJO, Eldred JA. Posterior capsule opacification: What's in the bag? Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 82:100905. [PMID: 32977000 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cataract, a clouding of the lens, is the most common cause of blindness in the world. It has a marked impact on the wellbeing and productivity of individuals and has a major economic impact on healthcare providers. The only means of treating cataract is by surgical intervention. A modern cataract operation generates a capsular bag, which comprises a proportion of the anterior capsule and the entire posterior capsule. The bag remains in situ, partitions the aqueous and vitreous humours, and in the majority of cases, houses an intraocular lens (IOL). The production of a capsular bag following surgery permits a free passage of light along the visual axis through the transparent intraocular lens and thin acellular posterior capsule. Lens epithelial cells, however, remain attached to the anterior capsule, and in response to surgical trauma initiate a wound-healing response that ultimately leads to light scatter and a reduction in visual quality known as posterior capsule opacification (PCO). There are two commonly-described forms of PCO: fibrotic and regenerative. Fibrotic PCO follows classically defined fibrotic processes, namely hyperproliferation, matrix contraction, matrix deposition and epithelial cell trans-differentiation to a myofibroblast phenotype. Regenerative PCO is defined by lens fibre cell differentiation events that give rise to Soemmerring's ring and Elschnig's pearls and becomes evident at a later stage than the fibrotic form. Both fibrotic and regenerative forms of PCO contribute to a reduction in visual quality in patients. This review will highlight the wealth of tools available for PCO research, provide insight into our current knowledge of PCO and discuss putative management of PCO from IOL design to pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Wormstone
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
| | - Y M Wormstone
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - A J O Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - J A Eldred
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Research Progress of Drug Prophylaxis for Lens Capsule Opacification after Cataract Surgery. J Ophthalmol 2020; 2020:2181685. [PMID: 32714607 PMCID: PMC7355348 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2181685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is the international standard operation procedure for cataract and has been generalized worldwide. However, lens capsule opacification, one of the common complications after cataract surgery, impacts the recovery of patients' visual function to a large extent. Lens capsule opacification has two types, anterior capsule opacification (ACO) and posterior capsule opacification (PCO), according to the location. There is not an accepted approach to treat ACO. Nd : YAG laser capsulotomy, the common treatment of PCO, can effectively improve the vision, but may cause a series of complications and is inappropriate for children who are too young to cooperate with this treatment. It is generally known that the responses of lens epithelial cells (LECs) after cataract surgery, including cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), play a key role in the pathogenesis of lens capsule opacification. Scholars found that substantial drugs can reduce the occurrence of lens capsule opacification by inhibiting, clearing, or killing LECs, and made great efforts as well as innovations on the exploration of drug species or modes of administration. This article is a systematic interpretation and elaboration about how to prevent lens capsule opacification after cataract surgery via different drugs.
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Long Noncoding RNA NEAT1 Regulates TGF- β2-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Lens Epithelial Cells through the miR-34a/Snail1 and miR-204/Zeb1 Pathways. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8352579. [PMID: 32596382 PMCID: PMC7284955 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8352579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore whether the long noncoding RNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1)/miR-34a/Snail1 and NEAT1/miR-204/Zeb1 pathways are involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lens epithelial cells (LECs). Primary human LECs (HLECs) were separated and cultured. Our results identified that TGF-β2 induces NEAT1 overexpression in a dose-dependent manner and a time-dependent manner. Additionally, TGF-β2 induced downregulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of fibronectin in primary HLECs through a NEAT1-dependent mechanism. Microarray analysis showed that NEAT1 overexpression inhibited the miR-34a and miR-204 levels in the LECs. The expression of miR-34a and miR-204 was decreased, and the levels of Snail1 and Zeb1 were elevated in human posterior capsule opacification- (PCO-) attached LECs and the LECs obtained from anterior subcapsular cataract (ASC) by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Mechanistic studies revealed that NEAT1 negatively regulates miR-34a or miR-204, and miR-34a or miR-204 directly targets Snail1 or Zeb1 by luciferase assay and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation assay, respectively. Overall, the NEAT1/miR-34a/Snail1 and NEAT1/miR-204/Zeb1 pathways are involved in TGF-β2-induced EMT of HLECs. In summary, TGF-β2 induces NEAT1 overexpression, which in turn suggests that NEAT1 acts as a ceRNA targeting Snail1 or Zeb1 by binding miR-34a or miR-204, and promotes the progression of EMT of LECs.
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Zafar AB, Chu RC, Bishara MN, Qazi MA, Mahmoud AM, Pepose JS. <p>Objective Quantification of Image Quality and Optical Scatter Before and After Nd:YAG Capsulotomy Using a Double-Pass Technique</p>. Clin Ophthalmol 2020; 14:1403-1411. [PMID: 32546948 PMCID: PMC7266399 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s248286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the correlation between changes in vision and HD Analyzer dual-pass metrics versus changes in vision and conventional subjective slit lamp gradings in pseudophakic patients with posterior capsular opacity undergoing neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) capsulotomy. Patients and Methods High contrast (HC) and low contrast (LC) best spectacle-corrected distance visual acuity (BCVA) and HD Analyzer evaluation were prospectively performed on patients with mild-to-moderate posterior capsular opacification (PCO) and monofocal and accommodating intraocular lens implants. Differences between pre- and post-operative measurements were calculated, along with the correlation of HD Analyzer metrics and slit lamp grading to changes in visual acuity. Results Following Nd:YAG capsulotomy (n=29), there was statistically significant improvement in HC-BCVA and LC-BCVA, decrease in optical scatter, and corresponding improvement in Strehl ratio and HD Analyzer values at all contrast levels tested (p≤0.05). Pearson test showed a high correlation between the improvement in HC-BCVA (r coefficient = 0.78) and LC-BCVA (r coefficient = 0.71) to the improvement in Objective Scatter Index (OSI). There was a higher correlation of change in HC-BCVA to pre-op OSI (r2=0.61) than to the subjective PCO grading score (r2 = 0.19). There was also a higher correlation of change in LC-BCVA to pre-op OSI (r2 = 0.49) than to subjective grading (r2 = 0.16). Conclusion The HD Analyzer provides objective measurements of forward light scatter (ie, light directed towards the retina) that can assist with both PCO grading and prediction of improvement of visual quality after YAG laser capsulotomy with higher accuracy than conventional slit lamp assessment based upon backscatter (ie, light traveling to the observer) in patients tested with monofocal and accommodating intraocular lens implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu-Bakar Zafar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Carle Foundation Hospital, Champaign, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Mujtaba A Qazi
- Pepose Vision Institute, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ashraf M Mahmoud
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jay S Pepose
- Pepose Vision Institute, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Correspondence: Jay S Pepose Pepose Vision Institute, 1815 Clarkson Road, Chesterfield, MO63107, USA Email
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Huang X, Wang Y, Zhang P, Zou H. A HGF‑derived peptide suppresses EMT in human lens epithelial cells via the TGF‑β/Smad and Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:551-558. [PMID: 32377724 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) as a result of proliferation and fibrogenesis of lens epithelial cells (LECs) is the most frequent long‑term complication of modern cataract surgery. LECs may undergo epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) that resembles the morphological and molecular characteristics of PCO. A pre‑identified novel, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)‑derived peptide H‑RN, was reported to exhibit anti‑angiogenic activity and anti‑inflammatory effects in ocular cells both in vitro and in vivo. However, the role of H‑RN in the promotion of the development of EMT in LECs is unknown. In the present study, the effects of H‑RN on the development of EMT induced by transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β in human LECs, and the possible signaling pathways participating in this process were investigated. The results showed that H‑RN promoted the expression of the EMT‑associated markers, α‑smooth muscle actin and fibronectin, whereas the expression of E‑cadherin and connexin 43 were reduced. The morphological changes typically associated with EMT seen in LECs induced by TGF‑β2 were inhibited by H‑RN, which was consistent with the effects of a TGF‑β2 inhibitor, SB431542. Smad2 and Smad3 phosphorylation induced by TGF‑β2 were reduced by H‑RN, and phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR and P70S6K induced by TGF‑β2 were also notably reduced by H‑RN in LECs. Therefore, the results of the present study showed that H‑RN treatment significantly suppressed the development of EMT induced by TGF‑β2, at least partially through the TGF‑β/Smad and Akt/mTOR signaling pathways in human LECs. The present study highlights that H‑RN, a novel HGF‑derived peptide, may be a novel therapeutic agent for prevention and treatment of PCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yulan Wang
- Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Gonghui Hospital, Shanghai 200041, P.R. China
| | - Haidong Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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Hillenmayer A, Wertheimer CM, Kassumeh S, von Studnitz A, Luft N, Ohlmann A, Priglinger S, Mayer WJ. Evaluation of posterior capsule opacification of the Alcon Clareon IOL vs the Alcon Acrysof IOL using a human capsular bag model. BMC Ophthalmol 2020; 20:77. [PMID: 32103739 PMCID: PMC7045627 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01349-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) after cataract surgery is influenced by intraocular lens (IOL) design and material. The following is an ex vivo comparison of PCO between the Clareon vs. the AcrySof IOL in human capsular bags. METHODS Twenty cadaver capsular bags from 10 human donors were used, with the novel hydrophobic IOL (Clareon, CNA0T0) being implanted in one eye and the other eye of the same donor receiving the AcrySof IOL (SN60WF) following phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Five capsular bags of 3 donors served as controls without IOL. Cellular growth of lens epithelial cells was photo-documented daily. The primary endpoint was the time until full coverage of the posterior capsule by cells. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining of capsular bags for the fibrotic markers f-actin, fibronectin, alpha smooth muscle actin, and collagen type 1 were performed. RESULTS The new Clareon IOL did not show any disadvantages in terms of days until full cell coverage of the posterior capsule in comparison to the AcrySof (p > 0.99). Both, the Clareon (p = 0.01, 14.8 days) and the AcrySof IOL (p = 0.005, 15.7 days) showed a slower PCO development in comparison to the control (8.6 days). The fibrotic markers f-actin, fibronectin, alpha smooth muscle actin, and collagen type 1 were equally distributed between the two IOLs and differed from the control. CONCLUSIONS A comparable performance has been found in the ex vivo formation of PCO between the two IOLs. Long-term clinical studies are necessary to reach final conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hillenmayer
- Cell and molecular biology research laboratory, Division of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Mathildenstrasse 8, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian M Wertheimer
- Cell and molecular biology research laboratory, Division of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Mathildenstrasse 8, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Kassumeh
- Cell and molecular biology research laboratory, Division of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Mathildenstrasse 8, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Annabel von Studnitz
- Cell and molecular biology research laboratory, Division of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Mathildenstrasse 8, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Luft
- Cell and molecular biology research laboratory, Division of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Mathildenstrasse 8, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Ohlmann
- Cell and molecular biology research laboratory, Division of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Mathildenstrasse 8, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Siegfried Priglinger
- Cell and molecular biology research laboratory, Division of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Mathildenstrasse 8, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang J Mayer
- Cell and molecular biology research laboratory, Division of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Mathildenstrasse 8, 80336, Munich, Germany.
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49
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Wormstone IM. The human capsular bag model of posterior capsule opacification. Eye (Lond) 2020; 34:225-231. [PMID: 31745327 PMCID: PMC7002671 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-019-0680-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is the most common complication following cataract surgery and affects millions of patients. PCO is a consequence of surgical injury promoting a wound-healing response. Following surgery, residual lens epithelial cells grow on acellular regions of the lens capsule, including the central posterior capsule. These cells can undergo fibrotic changes, such that cell transdifferentiation to myofibroblasts, matrix deposition and matrix contraction can occur, which contribute to light scatter and the need for further corrective Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy in many patients. It is therefore of great importance to better understand how PCO develops and determine better approaches to manage the condition. To achieve this, experimental systems are required, and many are available to study PCO. While there may be a number of common features associated with PCO in different species, the mechanisms governing the condition can differ. Consequently, where possible, human systems should be employed. The human capsular bag model was established in a laboratory setting on donor eyes. A capsulorhexis is performed to create an opening in the anterior capsule followed by removal of the lens fibre mass. Residual fibre cells can be removed by irrigation/aspiration and if required, an intraocular lens can be implanted. The capsular bag is isolated from the eye and transferred to a dish for culture. The human capsular bag model has played an important role in understanding the biological processes driving PCO and enables evaluation of surgical approaches, IOLs and putative therapeutic agents to better manage PCO.
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Maddala R, Mongan M, Xia Y, Rao PV. Calponin-3 deficiency augments contractile activity, plasticity, fibrogenic response and Yap/Taz transcriptional activation in lens epithelial cells and explants. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1295. [PMID: 31992794 PMCID: PMC6987178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58189-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The transparent ocular lens plays a crucial role in vision by focusing light on to the retina with loss of lens transparency leading to impairment of vision. While maintenance of epithelial phenotype is recognized to be essential for lens development and function, knowledge of the identity of different molecular mechanisms regulating lens epithelial characteristics remains incomplete. This study reports that CNN-3, the acidic isoform of calponin, an actin binding contractile protein, is expressed preferentially and abundantly relative to the basic and neutral isoforms of calponin in the ocular lens, and distributes predominantly to the epithelium in both mouse and human lenses. Expression and MEKK1-mediated threonine 288 phosphorylation of CNN-3 is induced by extracellular cues including TGF-β2 and lysophosphatidic acid. Importantly, siRNA-induced deficiency of CNN3 in lens epithelial cell cultures and explants results in actin stress fiber reorganization, stimulation of focal adhesion formation, Yap activation, increases in the levels of α-smooth muscle actin, connective tissue growth factor and fibronectin, and decreases in E-cadherin expression. These results reveal that CNN3 plays a crucial role in regulating lens epithelial contractile activity and provide supporting evidence that CNN-3 deficiency is associated with the induction of epithelial plasticity, fibrogenic activity and mechanosensitive Yap/Taz transcriptional activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupalatha Maddala
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Maureen Mongan
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Ponugoti Vasantha Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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