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Li J, Li J, Cao Y, Yuan J, Shen Y, Lei L, Li K. Triptonide protects retinal cells from oxidative damage via activation of Nrf2 signaling. Int J Mol Med 2024; 54:76. [PMID: 38994762 PMCID: PMC11265836 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Age‑related macular degeneration (AMD) is an ocular disease that threatens the visual function of older adults worldwide. Key pathological processes involved in AMD include oxidative stress, inflammation and choroidal vascular dysfunction. Retinal pigment epithelial cells and Müller cells are most susceptible to oxidative stress. Traditional herbal medicines are increasingly being investigated in the field of personalized medicine in ophthalmology. Triptonide (Tn) is a diterpene tricyclic oxide, the main active ingredient in the extract from the Chinese herbal medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii, and is considered an effective immunosuppressant and anti‑inflammatory drug. The present study investigated the potential beneficial role of Tn in retinal oxidative damage in order to achieve personalized treatment for early AMD. An oxidative stress model of retinal cells induced by H2O2 and a retinal injury model of mice induced by light and N‑Methyl‑D‑aspartic acid were constructed. In vitro, JC‑1 staining, flow cytometry and apoptosis assay confirmed that low concentrations of Tn effectively protected retinal cells from oxidative damage, and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting analyses revealed that Tn reduced the expression of retinal oxidative stress‑related genes and inflammatory factors, which may depend on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR‑induced Nrf2 signaling pathway. In vivo, by retinal immunohistochemistry, hematoxylin and eosin staining and electroretinogram assay, it was found that retinal function and structure improved and choroidal neovascularization was significantly inhibited after Tn pretreatment. These results suggested that Tn is an efficient Nrf2 activator, which can be expected to become a new intervention for diseases such as AMD, to inhibit retinal oxidative stress damage and pathological neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jin Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yaming Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Linyi Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Keran Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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Leinonen H, Zhang J, Occelli LM, Seemab U, Choi EH, L P Marinho LF, Querubin J, Kolesnikov AV, Galinska A, Kordecka K, Hoang T, Lewandowski D, Lee TT, Einstein EE, Einstein DE, Dong Z, Kiser PD, Blackshaw S, Kefalov VJ, Tabaka M, Foik A, Petersen-Jones SM, Palczewski K. A combination treatment based on drug repurposing demonstrates mutation-agnostic efficacy in pre-clinical retinopathy models. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5943. [PMID: 39009597 PMCID: PMC11251169 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinopathies are devastating diseases that in most cases lack treatment options. Disease-modifying therapies that mitigate pathophysiology regardless of the underlying genetic lesion are desirable due to the diversity of mutations found in such diseases. We tested a systems pharmacology-based strategy that suppresses intracellular cAMP and Ca2+ activity via G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) modulation using tamsulosin, metoprolol, and bromocriptine coadministration. The treatment improves cone photoreceptor function and slows degeneration in Pde6βrd10 and RhoP23H/WT retinitis pigmentosa mice. Cone degeneration is modestly mitigated after a 7-month-long drug infusion in PDE6A-/- dogs. The treatment also improves rod pathway function in an Rpe65-/- mouse model of Leber congenital amaurosis but does not protect from cone degeneration. RNA-sequencing analyses indicate improved metabolic function in drug-treated Rpe65-/- and rd10 mice. Our data show that catecholaminergic GPCR drug combinations that modify second messenger levels via multiple receptor actions provide a potential disease-modifying therapy against retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Leinonen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Jianye Zhang
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute-Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Laurence M Occelli
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Umair Seemab
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Elliot H Choi
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute-Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | | | - Janice Querubin
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Alexander V Kolesnikov
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute-Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Anna Galinska
- International Centre for Translational Eye Research, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kordecka
- International Centre for Translational Eye Research, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Thanh Hoang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Dominik Lewandowski
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute-Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Timothy T Lee
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute-Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Elliott E Einstein
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute-Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - David E Einstein
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute-Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Zhiqian Dong
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute-Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Philip D Kiser
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute-Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Research Service, VA Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, California, 90822, USA
| | - Seth Blackshaw
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Vladimir J Kefalov
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute-Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Marcin Tabaka
- International Centre for Translational Eye Research, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Foik
- International Centre for Translational Eye Research, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Palczewski
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute-Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute-Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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3
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Biswas S, Shahriar S, Bachay G, Arvanitis P, Jamoul D, Brunken WJ, Agalliu D. Glutamatergic neuronal activity regulates angiogenesis and blood-retinal barrier maturation via Norrin/β-catenin signaling. Neuron 2024; 112:1978-1996.e6. [PMID: 38599212 PMCID: PMC11189759 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Interactions among neuronal, glial, and vascular components are crucial for retinal angiogenesis and blood-retinal barrier (BRB) maturation. Although synaptic dysfunction precedes vascular abnormalities in many retinal pathologies, how neuronal activity, specifically glutamatergic activity, regulates retinal angiogenesis and BRB maturation remains unclear. Using in vivo genetic studies in mice, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and functional validation, we show that deep plexus angiogenesis and paracellular BRB maturation are delayed in Vglut1-/- retinas where neurons fail to release glutamate. By contrast, deep plexus angiogenesis and paracellular BRB maturation are accelerated in Gnat1-/- retinas, where constitutively depolarized rods release excessive glutamate. Norrin expression and endothelial Norrin/β-catenin signaling are downregulated in Vglut1-/- retinas and upregulated in Gnat1-/- retinas. Pharmacological activation of endothelial Norrin/β-catenin signaling in Vglut1-/- retinas rescues defects in deep plexus angiogenesis and paracellular BRB maturation. Our findings demonstrate that glutamatergic neuronal activity regulates retinal angiogenesis and BRB maturation by modulating endothelial Norrin/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Biswas
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Sanjid Shahriar
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Galina Bachay
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Panos Arvanitis
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Danny Jamoul
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, New York, NY 10019, USA
| | - William J Brunken
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Dritan Agalliu
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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4
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Stoddart PR, Begeng JM, Tong W, Ibbotson MR, Kameneva T. Nanoparticle-based optical interfaces for retinal neuromodulation: a review. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1360870. [PMID: 38572073 PMCID: PMC10987880 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1360870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of photoreceptors in the retina is a leading cause of blindness, but commonly leaves the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and/or bipolar cells extant. Consequently, these cells are an attractive target for the invasive electrical implants colloquially known as "bionic eyes." However, after more than two decades of concerted effort, interfaces based on conventional electrical stimulation approaches have delivered limited efficacy, primarily due to the current spread in retinal tissue, which precludes high-acuity vision. The ideal prosthetic solution would be less invasive, provide single-cell resolution and an ability to differentiate between different cell types. Nanoparticle-mediated approaches can address some of these requirements, with particular attention being directed at light-sensitive nanoparticles that can be accessed via the intrinsic optics of the eye. Here we survey the available known nanoparticle-based optical transduction mechanisms that can be exploited for neuromodulation. We review the rapid progress in the field, together with outstanding challenges that must be addressed to translate these techniques to clinical practice. In particular, successful translation will likely require efficient delivery of nanoparticles to stable and precisely defined locations in the retinal tissues. Therefore, we also emphasize the current literature relating to the pharmacokinetics of nanoparticles in the eye. While considerable challenges remain to be overcome, progress to date shows great potential for nanoparticle-based interfaces to revolutionize the field of visual prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R. Stoddart
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - James M. Begeng
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wei Tong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael R. Ibbotson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tatiana Kameneva
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
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5
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Biswas S, Shahriar S, Bachay G, Arvanitis P, Jamoul D, Brunken WJ, Agalliu D. Glutamatergic neuronal activity regulates angiogenesis and blood-retinal barrier maturation via Norrin/β-catenin signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.07.10.548410. [PMID: 37503079 PMCID: PMC10369888 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.10.548410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Interactions among neuronal, glial and vascular components are crucial for retinal angiogenesis and blood-retinal barrier (BRB) maturation. Although synaptic dysfunction precedes vascular abnormalities in many retinal pathologies, how neuronal activity, specifically glutamatergic activity, regulates retinal angiogenesis and BRB maturation remains unclear. Using in vivo genetic studies in mice, single-cell RNA-sequencing and functional validation, we show that deep plexus angiogenesis and paracellular BRB maturation are delayed in Vglut1 -/- retinas where neurons fail to release glutamate. In contrast, deep plexus angiogenesis and paracellular BRB maturation are accelerated in Gnat1 -/- retinas where constitutively depolarized rods release excessive glutamate. Norrin expression and endothelial Norrin/β-catenin signaling are downregulated in Vglut1 -/- retinas, and upregulated in Gnat1 -/- retinas. Pharmacological activation of endothelial Norrin/β-catenin signaling in Vglut1 -/- retinas rescued defects in deep plexus angiogenesis and paracellular BRB maturation. Our findings demonstrate that glutamatergic neuronal activity regulates retinal angiogenesis and BRB maturation by modulating endothelial Norrin/β-catenin signaling.
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6
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Yu Y, Wang J, Liu Q, Wei F, Xie X, Zhang M. Integrated serum pharmacochemistry and serum pharmacology to investigate the active components and mechanism of Bushen Huoxue Prescription in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 235:115586. [PMID: 37494766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the active components of Bushen Huoxue Prescriptions (BHP), and further clarify the mechanism by the integration of serum pharmacochemistry and serum pharmacology based on spectrum-effect relationship in vivo. In this paper, the components absorbed into serum were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-Exactive Orbitrap-high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-HRMS). And Müller cells were chosen as target cells to further investigate the mechanism. After cell purification, the well-grown cells were identified by Hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) staining and immunofluorescence assay, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and glutamine synthetase (GS). The logarithmic phase cells were divided into normal group, model group and 12 BHP groups. The hyperglycemic and hypoxic model was induced by 50 mmol/L glucose and 1 mmol/L sodium disulfite. Enzyme-linked immunesorbnent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the expressions of five factors closely related to DR, named vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia-inducible factor1-alpha (HIF-1α), protein kinase C-β (PKC-β), angiopoietin-2 (ANG-2) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Finally, the spectrum-effect relationship was investigated to screen the active components of BHP by partial least squares regression (PLSR). The results showed that 83 metabolic components, containing 30 prototypes and 53 metabolites were found in BHP serum. 12 characteristic common peaks were chosen to establish spectrum-effect relationship. Significantly, all the 12 BHP serum exhibited stronger inhibition on the expression of VEGF, PKC-β, and ANG-2, and the expression of VEGF, PKC-β, ANG-2 was chosen to establish the spectrum-effect relationship in vivo. The results of PLSR revealed that the content of methylation and sulfuration of caffeic acid, dehydroxylation and sulfation of Danshensu, daidzein, O-demethylangolanolin, cryptotanshinone, tanshinone IIA and protopanaxatriol were inversely correlated with VEGF expression of Müller cells; the areas of dihydrocaffeic acid, methylation and sulfuration of caffeic acid, dehydroxylation and sulfation of Danshensu, daidzein, cryptotanshinone, tanshinone IIA were negative correlation with the expression of PKC-β; while the coefficient of hydroxytyrosol sulfation, R-equol, O-demethylangolanolin, dihydrotanshinone IIA, hydrated cryptotanshinone, protopanaxatriol showed negative correlation with the expression of ANG-2. The above results indicated that cryptotanshinone, tanshinone IIA, daidzein and protopanaxatriol need be focused in our future research. In addition, this research idea provides feasible ways to investigate and determine pharmacodyamic material basis and screen the Q-markers of TCM and its formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Institute of TianJiang, TianJiang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Jiangyin 214400, China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qingze Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Fangyong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xuejun Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Bejarano E, Whitcomb EA, Pfeiffer RL, Rose KL, Asensio MJ, Rodríguez-Navarro JA, Ponce-Mora A, Canto A, Almansa I, Schey KL, Jones BW, Taylor A, Rowan S. Unbalanced redox status network as an early pathological event in congenital cataracts. Redox Biol 2023; 66:102869. [PMID: 37677999 PMCID: PMC10495660 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The lens proteome undergoes dramatic composition changes during development and maturation. A defective developmental process leads to congenital cataracts that account for about 30% of cases of childhood blindness. Gene mutations are associated with approximately 50% of early-onset forms of lens opacity, with the remainder being of unknown etiology. To gain a better understanding of cataractogenesis, we utilized a transgenic mouse model expressing a mutant ubiquitin protein in the lens (K6W-Ub) that recapitulates most of the early pathological changes seen in human congenital cataracts. We performed mass spectrometry-based tandem-mass-tag quantitative proteomics in E15, P1, and P30 control or K6W-Ub lenses. Our analysis identified targets that are required for early normal differentiation steps and altered in cataractous lenses, particularly metabolic pathways involving glutathione and amino acids. Computational molecular phenotyping revealed that glutathione and taurine were spatially altered in the K6W-Ub cataractous lens. High-performance liquid chromatography revealed that both taurine and the ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione, two indicators of redox status, were differentially compromised in lens biology. In sum, our research documents that dynamic proteome changes in a mouse model of congenital cataracts impact redox biology in lens. Our findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms associated with congenital cataracts and point out that unbalanced redox status due to reduced levels of taurine and glutathione, metabolites already linked to age-related cataract, could be a major underlying mechanism behind lens opacities that appear early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloy Bejarano
- JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; School of Health Sciences and Veterinary School, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elizabeth A Whitcomb
- JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca L Pfeiffer
- Moran Eye Center, The University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kristie L Rose
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Maria José Asensio
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Departamento de Investigación, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Rodríguez-Navarro
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Departamento de Investigación, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Ponce-Mora
- School of Health Sciences and Veterinary School, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antolín Canto
- School of Health Sciences and Veterinary School, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Inma Almansa
- School of Health Sciences and Veterinary School, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Kevin L Schey
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bryan W Jones
- Moran Eye Center, The University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Allen Taylor
- JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition and Science Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Sheldon Rowan
- JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition and Science Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Occelli LM, Jones BW, Cervantes TJ, Petersen-Jones SM. Metabolic changes and retinal remodeling in Heterozygous CRX mutant cats (CRX RDY/+). Exp Eye Res 2023; 235:109630. [PMID: 37625575 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
CRX is a transcription factor essential for normal photoreceptor development and survival. The CRXRdy cat has a naturally occurring truncating mutation in CRX and is a large animal model for dominant Leber congenital amaurosis. This study investigated retinal remodeling that occurs as photoreceptors degenerate. CRXRdy/+ cats from 6 weeks to 10 years of age were investigated. In vivo structural changes of retinas were analyzed by fundus examination, confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Histologic analyses included immunohistochemistry for computational molecular phenotyping with macromolecules and small molecules. Affected cats had a cone-led photoreceptor degeneration starting in the area centralis. Initially there was preservation of inner retinal cells such as bipolar, amacrine and horizontal cells but with time migration of the deafferented neurons occurred. Early in the process of degeneration glial activation occurs ultimately resulting in formation of a glial seal. With progression the macula-equivalent area centralis developed severe atrophy including loss of retinal pigmentary epithelium. Microneuroma formation occured in advanced stages as more marked retinal remodeling occurred. This study indicates that retinal degeneration in the CrxRdy/+ cat retina follows the progressive, phased revision of retina that have been previously described for retinal remodeling. These findings suggest that therapy dependent on targeting inner retinal cells may be useful in young adults with preserved inner retinas prior to advanced stages of retinal remodeling and neuronal cell loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence M Occelli
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Bryan W Jones
- Ophthalmology, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Taylor J Cervantes
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Simon M Petersen-Jones
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Leinonen H, Fu Z, Bull E. Neural and Müller glial adaptation of the retina to photoreceptor degeneration. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:701-707. [DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.354511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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10
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Reynisson H, Kalloniatis M, Fletcher EL, Shivdasani MN, Nivison-Smith L. Loss of Müller cell glutamine synthetase immunoreactivity is associated with neuronal changes in late-stage retinal degeneration. Front Neuroanat 2023; 17:997722. [PMID: 36960036 PMCID: PMC10029270 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.997722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction A hallmark of photoreceptor degenerations is progressive, aberrant remodeling of the surviving retinal neurons and glia following photoreceptor loss. The exact relationship between neurons and glia remodeling in this late stage of retinal degeneration, however, is unclear. This study assessed this by examining Müller cell dysfunction via glutamine synthetase immunoreactivity and its spatial association with retinal neuron subpopulations through various cell markers. Methods Aged Rd1 mice retinae (P150 - P536, n = minimum 5 per age) and control heterozygous rd1 mice retinae (P536, n = 5) were isolated, fixed and cryosectioned. Fluorescent immunolabeling of glutamine synthetase was performed and retinal areas quantified as having low glutamine synthetase immunoreactivity if proportion of labeled pixels in an area was less than two standard deviations of the mean of the total retina. Other Müller cell markers such as Sox9 and Glial fibrillary acidic protein along with neuronal cell markers Calbindin, Calretinin, recoverin, Protein kinase C-α, Glutamic acid decarboxylase 67, and Islet-1 were then quantified within areas of low and normal synthetase immunoreactivity. Results Glutamine synthetase immunoreactivity was lost as a function of age in the rd1 mouse retina (P150 - P536). Immunoreactivity of other Müller cell markers, however, were unaffected suggesting Müller cells were still present in these low glutamine synthetase immunoreactive regions. Glutamine synthetase immunoreactivity loss affected specific neuronal populations: Type 2, Type 8 cone, and rod bipolar cells, as well as AII amacrine cells based on reduced recoverin, protein kinase Ca and parvalbumin immunoreactivity, respectively. The number of cell nuclei within regions of low glutamine synthetase immunoreactivity was also reduced suggesting possible neuronal loss rather than reduced cell marker immunoreactivity. Conclusion These findings further support a strong interplay between glia-neuronal alterations in late-stage degeneration and highlight a need for future studies and consideration in intervention development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallur Reynisson
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Kalloniatis
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine (Optometry), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
| | - Erica L. Fletcher
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mohit N. Shivdasani
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Bionics and Bio-robotics, Tyree Foundation Institute of Health Engineering, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa Nivison-Smith
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Lisa Nivison-Smith,
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11
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Pfeiffer RL, Jones BW. Current perspective on retinal remodeling: Implications for therapeutics. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:1099348. [PMID: 36620193 PMCID: PMC9813390 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.1099348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinal degenerative diseases retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration are a leading cause of irreversible vision loss. Both present with progressive photoreceptor degeneration that is further complicated by processes of retinal remodeling. In this perspective, we discuss the current state of the field of retinal remodeling and its implications for vision-restoring therapeutics currently in development. Here, we discuss the challenges and pitfalls retinal remodeling poses for each therapeutic strategy under the premise that understanding the features of retinal remodeling in totality will provide a basic framework with which therapeutics can interface. Additionally, we discuss the potential for approaching therapeutics using a combined strategy of using diffusible molecules in tandem with other vision-restoring therapeutics. We end by discussing the potential of the retina and retinal remodeling as a model system for more broadly understanding the progression of neurodegeneration across the central nervous system.
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12
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Hess K, de Silva T, Grisso P, Wiley H, Thavikulwat AT, Keenan TDL, Chew EY, Cukras CA. Evaluation of Cone- and Rod-Mediated Parameters in Dark Adaptation Testing as Outcome Measures in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Ophthalmol Retina 2022; 6:1173-1184. [PMID: 35643387 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2022.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the suitability of 6 rod- or cone-mediated dark adaptation (DA) parameters as outcome measures for clinical trials in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), including their retest reliability, association with age and disease severity, and measurable longitudinal change over time. DESIGN Prospective, longitudinal study (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01352975). PARTICIPANTS A total of 191 patients with AMD and older participants followed longitudinally over 5 years. METHODS Dark adaptation testing was performed using the AdaptDx dark adaptometer with a maximum test time of 40 minutes. A 2-part exponential-linear curve was fitted to obtain values for cone decay, cone plateau, time to rod-cone break, rod intercept time (RIT), rod adaptation rate (S2), and area under the curve. Intersession retest reliability was assessed in tests performed within 2 weeks using the Bland-Altman analysis. The relationship of DA parameters with age, AMD severity, and reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) presence was evaluated using linear mixed models. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Retest reliability, association with disease severity, and longitudinal change of 6 DA parameters. RESULTS A total of 1329 DA curves were analyzed. Rod intercept time was the parameter that showed the greatest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.88) and greatest association with age, AMD severity, and RPD (marginal R2 of 0.38), followed by the rod-mediated parameters area under the curve and rod-cone break. Cone plateau appeared constant at lower RIT values but increased with progressive rod dysfunction (RIT > 22.8 minutes) with a slope of 0.07 log units per 10 minutes RIT prolongation. Therefore, it might provide additional information in the advanced stages of AMD. CONCLUSIONS Age-related macular degeneration severity and RPD presence are each associated with large differences in multiple DA curve parameters. In addition, substantial differences in some parameters occur with age, even accounting for AMD severity and RPD status. This supports the 2-hit hypothesis of age and disease status on DA (and perhaps AMD pathophysiology itself). Of the DA parameters, RIT has the highest retest reliability, closest correlation with AMD severity and RPD, and largest longitudinal changes. This underscores the suitability of RIT as an outcome measure in clinical trials. The cone plateau increases only in advanced stages of kinetic rod dysfunction, indicating rod dysfunction preceding cone dysfunction and degeneration in the temporal sequence of pathology in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Hess
- Unit on Clinical Investigation of Retinal Disease, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tharindu de Silva
- Unit on Clinical Investigation of Retinal Disease, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Peyton Grisso
- Unit on Clinical Investigation of Retinal Disease, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Henry Wiley
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alisa T Thavikulwat
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tiarnan D L Keenan
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Emily Y Chew
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Catherine A Cukras
- Unit on Clinical Investigation of Retinal Disease, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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13
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Lee SC, Rusakevich AM, Amin A, Tran S, Emami-Naeini P, Moshiri A, Park SS, Yiu G. Long-Term Retinal Vascular Changes in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Measured Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2022; 53:529-536. [DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20220919-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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14
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Telegina DV, Antonenko AK, Fursova AZ, Kolosova NG. The glutamate/GABA system in the retina of male rats: effects of aging, neurodegeneration, and supplementation with melatonin and antioxidant SkQ1. Biogerontology 2022; 23:571-585. [PMID: 35969289 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-09983-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate and -aminobutyric acid (GABA) are the most abundant amino acids in the retina. An imbalance of the glutamate/GABA system is involved in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders. Here we for the first time analyzed alterations of expression of glutamate- and GABA-synthesizing enzymes, transporters, and relevant receptors in the retina with age in Wistar rats and in senescence-accelerated OXYS rats who develop AMD-like retinopathy. We noted consistent age-dependent expression changes of GABAergic-system proteins (GAD67, GABA-T, and GAT1) in OXYS and Wistar rats: upregulation by age 3 months and downregulation at age 18 months. At a late stage of AMD-like retinopathy in OXYS rats (18 months), there was significant upregulation of glutaminase and downregulation of glutamine synthetase, possibly indicating an increasing level of glutamate in the retina. AMD-like-retinopathy development in the OXYS strain was accompanied by underexpression of glutamate transporter GLAST. Prolonged supplementation with both melatonin and SkQ1 (separately) suppressed the progression of the AMD-like pathology in OXYS rats without affecting the glutamate/GABA system but worsened the condition of the Wistar rat's retina during normal aging. We observed decreasing protein levels of glutamine synthetase, GLAST, and GABAAR1 and an increasing level of glutaminase in Wistar rats. In summary, both melatonin and mitochondrial antioxidant SkQ1 had different effect on the retinal glutamate / GABA in healthy Wistar and senescence-accelerated OXYS rats.
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15
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Martins TGDS, Sipahi AM, Mendes MA, Fowler SB, Schor P. Metaboloma use in ophthalmology. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE OFTALMOLOGIA 2022. [DOI: 10.37039/1982.8551.20220056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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16
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High-Contrast Stimulation Potentiates the Neurotrophic Properties of Müller Cells and Suppresses Their Pro-Inflammatory Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158615. [PMID: 35955747 PMCID: PMC9369166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
High-contrast visual stimulation promotes retinal regeneration and visual function, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we hypothesized that Müller cells (MCs), which express neurotrophins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), could be key players in this retinal plasticity process. This hypothesis was tested by conducting in vivo and in vitro high-contrast stimulation of adult mice and MCs. Following stimulation, we examined the expression of BDNF and its inducible factor, VGF, in the retina and MCs. We also investigated the alterations in the expression of VGF, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and pro-inflammatory mediators in MCs, as well as their capacity to proliferate and develop a neurogenic or reactive gliosis phenotype after high-contrast stimulation and treatment with BDNF. Our results showed that high-contrast stimulation upregulated BDNF levels in MCs in vivo and in vitro. The additional BDNF treatment significantly augmented VGF production in MCs and their neuroprotective features, as evidenced by increased MC proliferation, neurodifferentiation, and decreased expression of the pro-inflammatory factors and the reactive gliosis marker GFAP. These results demonstrate that high-contrast stimulation activates the neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties of MCs, suggesting their possible direct involvement in retinal neuronal survival and improved functional outcomes in response to visual stimulation.
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17
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Non-vasogenic cystoid maculopathies. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 91:101092. [PMID: 35927124 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Besides cystoid macular edema due to a blood-retinal barrier breakdown, another type of macular cystoid spaces referred to as non-vasogenic cystoid maculopathies (NVCM) may be detected on optical coherence tomography but not on fluorescein angiography. Various causes may disrupt retinal cell cohesion or impair retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Müller cell functions in the maintenance of retinal dehydration, resulting in cystoid spaces formation. Tractional causes include vitreomacular traction, epiretinal membranes and myopic foveoschisis. Surgical treatment does not always allow cystoid space resorption. In inherited retinal dystrophies, cystoid spaces may be part of the disease as in X-linked retinoschisis or enhanced S-cone syndrome, or occur occasionally as in bestrophinopathies, retinitis pigmentosa and allied diseases, congenital microphthalmia, choroideremia, gyrate atrophy and Bietti crystalline dystrophy. In macular telangiectasia type 2, cystoid spaces and cavitations do not depend on the fluid leakage from telangiectasia. Various causes affecting RPE function may result in NVCM such as chronic central serous chorioretinopathy and paraneoplastic syndromes. Non-exudative age macular degeneration may also be complicated by intraretinal cystoid spaces in the absence of fluorescein leakage. In these diseases, cystoid spaces occur in a context of retinal cell loss. Various causes of optic atrophy, including open-angle glaucoma, result in microcystoid spaces in the inner nuclear layer due to a retrograde transsynaptic degeneration. Lastly, drug toxicity may also induce cystoid maculopathy. Identifying NVCM on multimodal imaging, including fluorescein angiography if needed, allows guiding the diagnosis of the causative disease and choosing adequate treatment when available.
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18
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Chen Y, Zhang T, Zeng S, Xu R, Jin K, Coorey NJ, Wang Y, Wang K, Lee SR, Yam M, Zhu M, Chang A, Fan X, Zhang M, Du J, Gillies MC, Zhu L. Transketolase in human Müller cells is critical to resist light stress through the pentose phosphate and NRF2 pathways. Redox Biol 2022; 54:102379. [PMID: 35779441 PMCID: PMC9287732 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP), a metabolic offshoot of the glycolytic pathway, provides protective metabolites and molecules essential for cell redox balance and survival. Transketolase (TKT) is the critical enzyme that controls the extent of “traffic flow” through the PPP. Here, we explored the role of TKT in maintaining the health of the human retina. We found that Müller cells were the primary retinal cell type expressing TKT in the human retina. We further explored the role of TKT in human Müller cells by knocking down its expression in primary cultured Müller cells (huPMCs), isolated from the human retina (11 human donors in total), under light-induced oxidative stress. TKT knockdown and light stress reduced TKT enzymatic activities and the overall metabolic activities of huPMCs with no detectable cell death. TKT knockdown restrained the PPP traffic flow, reduced the expression of NAD(P)H Quinone Dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1), impaired the antioxidative response of NRF2 to light stress and aggravated the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. TKT knockdown also inhibited overall glucose intake, reduced expression of Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD) and impaired the energy supply of the huPMCs. In summary, Müller cell-mediated TKT activity plays a critical protective role in the stressed retina. Knockdown of TKT disrupted the PPP and impaired overall glucose utilisation by huPMCs and rendered huPMCs more vulnerable to light stress by impairing energy supply and antioxidative NRF2 responses.
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19
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Wu J, Rountree CM, Kare SS, Ramkumar PK, Finan JD, Troy JB. Progress on Designing a Chemical Retinal Prosthesis. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:898865. [PMID: 35774083 PMCID: PMC9239740 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.898865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The last major review of progress toward a chemical retinal prosthesis was a decade ago. Many important advancements have been made since then with the aim of producing an implantable device for animal testing. We review that work here discussing the potential advantages a chemical retinal prosthesis may possess, the spatial and temporal resolutions it might provide, the materials from which an implant might be constructed and its likely effectiveness in stimulating the retina in a natural fashion. Consideration is also given to implant biocompatibility, excitotoxicity of dispensed glutamate and known changes to photoreceptor degenerate retinas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Corey M. Rountree
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sai-Siva Kare
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Pradeep Kumar Ramkumar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - John D. Finan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - John B. Troy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: John B. Troy,
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20
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Liu S, Li X, Liu X, Jiao M, Yang Y, Luo X, Wang F, Wan X, Sun X. A novel and efficient murine model of Bietti crystalline dystrophy. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:274545. [PMID: 35230417 PMCID: PMC8906172 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bietti crystalline dystrophy (BCD) is an autosomal recessive inherited retinal disease, resulting in blindness in most patients. The etiology and development mechanism of it remain unclear. Given the defects in previous mouse models of BCD, we generated a new Cyp4v3-/- mouse model, using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, for investigating the pathogenesis of BCD. We estimated the ocular phenotypes by fundus imaging, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and full-field scotopic electroretinography, and investigated the histological features by Hematoxylin and Eosin staining, Oil Red O staining and immunofluorescence. This model effectively exhibited age-related progression that mimicked the human ocular phenotypes. Moreover, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and RNA-seq analysis indicated that the defect of Cyp4v3 led to the abnormal lipid metabolism, inflammation activation and oxidative stress of retina. Notably, inflammation activation and oxidative stress could also promote the progression of BCD in light-induced retinal degeneration. In conclusion, our data provided evidence that we established a novel and more effective Cyp4v3 knockout preclinical mouse model for BCD, which served as a useful tool for evaluating the effect of drugs and gene therapy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, China200080
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, China200080
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, China200080
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, China200080
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, China200080.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, China200080
| | - Ming Jiao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 650 Xinsongjiang Road, Shanghai, China201620
| | - Yuqin Yang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 650 Xinsongjiang Road, Shanghai, China201620
| | - Xueting Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, China200080.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, China200080
| | - Fenghua Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, China200080.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, China200080.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, China200080.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, China200080.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, China200080
| | - Xiaoling Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, China200080.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, China200080
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, China200080.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, China200080.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, China200080.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, China200080.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, China200080
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Abstract
The retina was historically considered as an “approachable part of the brain”; advantageous, for its simplicity, to use as a model organ for deciphering cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying physiology and pathology of the nervous system. However, the most relevant discoveries arise precisely from unveiling the complexity of the retina. A complexity that partially relies on the layered organization of an extended variety of specialized neuronal and glial cellular types and subtypes. Based on functional, morphological or transcriptome data, over 40 subtypes of retinal ganglion cells or 60 subtypes of retinal amacrine cells have been described. A high degree of specialization, that may lead to segregation into functionally diverse subtypes, is also conceivable for Müller cells, a pleiotropic glial component of all vertebrate retinas. The essential role of Müller glia in retinal homeostasis maintenance involves participation in structural, metabolic and intercellular communication processes. Additionally, they are the only retinal cells that possess regenerative potential in response to injury or disease, and thus may be considered as therapeutic tools. In the assumption that functional heterogeneity might be driven by molecular heterogeneity this review aims to compile emerging evidence that could broaden our understanding of Müller cell biology and retinal physiology. Summary statement Müller glial cells exert multiple essential functions in retinal physiology and retinopathies reflecting perhaps the existence of distinct Müller cellular subpopulations. Harnessing Müller cell heterogeneity may serve to enhance new therapeutic approaches for retinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Lamas
- Departamento de Farmacobiología. CINVESTAV-Sede Sur. México D.F. México
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22
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Müller glial responses compensate for degenerating photoreceptors in retinitis pigmentosa. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1748-1758. [PMID: 34799683 PMCID: PMC8639781 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00693-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoreceptor degeneration caused by genetic defects leads to retinitis pigmentosa, a rare disease typically diagnosed in adolescents and young adults. In most cases, rod loss occurs first, followed by cone loss as well as altered function in cells connected to photoreceptors directly or indirectly. There remains a gap in our understanding of retinal cellular responses to photoreceptor abnormalities. Here, we utilized single-cell transcriptomics to investigate cellular responses in each major retinal cell type in retinitis pigmentosa model (P23H) mice vs. wild-type littermate mice. We found a significant decrease in the expression of genes associated with phototransduction, the inner/outer segment, photoreceptor cell cilium, and photoreceptor development in both rod and cone clusters, in line with the structural changes seen with immunohistochemistry. Accompanying this loss was a significant decrease in the expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways and energy production in both rods and cones. We found that in the Müller glia/astrocyte cluster, there was a significant increase in gene expression in pathways involving photoreceptor maintenance, while concomitant decreases were observed in rods and cones. Additionally, the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial localization and transport was increased in the Müller glia/astrocyte cluster. The Müller glial compensatory increase in the expression of genes downregulated in photoreceptors suggests that Müller glia adapt their transcriptome to support photoreceptors and could be thought of as general therapeutic targets to protect against retinal degeneration.
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23
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Armento A, Murali A, Marzi J, Almansa-Garcia AC, Arango-Gonzalez B, Kilger E, Clark SJ, Schenke-Layland K, Ramlogan-Steel CA, Steel JC, Ueffing M. Complement Factor H Loss in RPE Cells Causes Retinal Degeneration in a Human RPE-Porcine Retinal Explant Co-Culture Model. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1621. [PMID: 34827622 PMCID: PMC8615889 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related Macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative disease of the macula affecting the elderly population. Treatment options are limited, partly due to the lack of understanding of AMD pathology and the lack of suitable research models that replicate the complexity of the human macula and the intricate interplay of the genetic, aging and lifestyle risk factors contributing to AMD. One of the main genetic risks associated with AMD is located on the Complement Factor H (CFH) gene, leading to an amino acid substitution in the Factor H (FH) protein (Y402H). However, the mechanism of how this FH variant promotes the onset of AMD remains unclear. Previously, we have shown that FH deprivation in RPE cells, via CFH silencing, leads to increased inflammation, metabolic impairment and vulnerability toward oxidative stress. In this study, we established a novel co-culture model comprising CFH silenced RPE cells and porcine retinal explants derived from the visual streak of porcine eyes, which closely resemble the human macula. We show that retinae exposed to FH-deprived RPE cells show signs of retinal degeneration, with rod cells being the first cells to undergo degeneration. Moreover, via Raman analyses, we observed changes involving the mitochondria and lipid composition of the co-cultured retinae upon FH loss. Interestingly, the detrimental effects of FH loss in RPE cells on the neuroretina were independent of glial cell activation and external complement sources. Moreover, we show that the co-culture model is also suitable for human retinal explants, and we observed a similar trend when RPE cells deprived of FH were co-cultured with human retinal explants from a single donor eye. Our findings highlight the importance of RPE-derived FH for retinal homeostasis and provide a valuable model for AMD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Armento
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.M.); (A.C.A.-G.); (B.A.-G.); (E.K.); (S.J.C.)
| | - Aparna Murali
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.M.); (A.C.A.-G.); (B.A.-G.); (E.K.); (S.J.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (C.A.R.-S.); (J.C.S.)
| | - Julia Marzi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (J.M.); (K.S.-L.)
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ana C Almansa-Garcia
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.M.); (A.C.A.-G.); (B.A.-G.); (E.K.); (S.J.C.)
| | - Blanca Arango-Gonzalez
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.M.); (A.C.A.-G.); (B.A.-G.); (E.K.); (S.J.C.)
| | - Ellen Kilger
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.M.); (A.C.A.-G.); (B.A.-G.); (E.K.); (S.J.C.)
| | - Simon J Clark
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.M.); (A.C.A.-G.); (B.A.-G.); (E.K.); (S.J.C.)
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (J.M.); (K.S.-L.)
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Charmaine A Ramlogan-Steel
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (C.A.R.-S.); (J.C.S.)
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Jason C Steel
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (C.A.R.-S.); (J.C.S.)
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.M.); (A.C.A.-G.); (B.A.-G.); (E.K.); (S.J.C.)
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24
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Tichotová L, Studenovska H, Petrovski G, Popelka Š, Nemesh Y, Sedláčková M, Drutovič S, Rohiwal S, Jendelová P, Erceg S, Brymová A, Artero‐Castro A, Lytvynchuk L, Straňák Z, Ellederová Z, Motlík J, Ardan T. Advantages of nanofibrous membranes for culturing of primary RPE cells compared to commercial scaffolds. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 100:e1172-e1185. [PMID: 34687141 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dysfunction of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) causes numerous forms of retinal degeneration. RPE replacement is a modern option to save vision. We aimed to test the results of transplanting cultured RPEs on biocompatible membranes. METHODS We cultivated porcine primary RPE cells isolated from cadaver eyes from the slaughterhouse on two types of membranes: commercial polyester scaffolds Transwell (Corning Inc., Kenneburg, ME, USA) with 0.4 µm pore size and prepared Poly (L-lactide-co-DL-lactide) (PDLLA) nanofibrous membranes with an average pore size of 0.4 µm. RESULTS Five types of assays were used for the analysis: immunocytochemistry (ICC), phagocytosis assay, Western blotting, real-time qPCR (RT-qPCR) and electron microscopy. RT-qPCR demonstrated that RPEs cultured on nanofibrous membranes have higher expressions of BEST1 (bestrophin 1), RLBP1 (retinaldehyde-binding protein 1), RPE65 (retinal pigment epithelium-specific 65 kDa protein), PAX6 (transcription factor PAX6), SOX9 (transcription factor SOX9), DCT (dopachrome tautomerase) and MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor). ICC of the RPEs cultured on nanofibrous membranes showed more intensive staining of markers such as BEST1, MCT1 (monocarboxylate transporter 1), Na+ /K+ ATPase, RPE65 and acetylated tubulin in comparison with commercial ones. Additionally, the absence of α-SMA proved the stability of the RPE polarization state and the absence of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. RPE possessed high phagocytic activity. Electron microscopy of both membranes confirmed a confluent layer of RPE cells and their genuine morphological structure, which was comparable to native RPEs. CONCLUSIONS Retinal pigment epitheliums cultured on polylactide nanofibrous membranes improved the final quality of the cell product by having better maturation and long-term survival of the RPE monolayer compared to those cultured on commercial polyester scaffolds. PDLLA-cultured RPEs are a plausible source for the replacement of non-functioning RPEs during cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Tichotová
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Libechov Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Hana Studenovska
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague Czech Republic
| | - Goran Petrovski
- Center for Eye Research Department of Ophthalmology Oslo University Hospital and Institute for Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Štěpán Popelka
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague Czech Republic
| | - Yaroslav Nemesh
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Libechov Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Sedláčková
- Department of Histology and Embryology Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
| | - Saskia Drutovič
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Libechov Czech Republic
| | - Sonali Rohiwal
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Libechov Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Jendelová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague Czech Republic
| | - Slaven Erceg
- Institute of Experimental Medicine Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague Czech Republic
- Stem Cell Therapies in Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab Research Center ‘Principe Felipe’ Valencia Spain
| | - Anna Brymová
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Libechov Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ana Artero‐Castro
- Stem Cell Therapies in Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab Research Center ‘Principe Felipe’ Valencia Spain
| | - Lyubomyr Lytvynchuk
- Department of Ophthalmology Justus‐Liebig‐University Giessen University Hospital Giessen and Marburg Giessen Germany
| | - Zbyněk Straňák
- Ophthalmology Department of 3rd Faculty of Medicine Charles University and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady Prague Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Ellederová
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Libechov Czech Republic
| | - Jan Motlík
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Libechov Czech Republic
| | - Taras Ardan
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Libechov Czech Republic
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25
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OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY IN PATIENTS WITH RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA-ASSOCIATED CYSTOID MACULAR EDEMA. Retina 2021; 40:2385-2395. [PMID: 31923123 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000002756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the microstructure of cystoid macular edema (CME) in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and the associated vascular changes using optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography. METHODS In this retrospective study, we included 42 eyes of 21 patients with RP and age-similar normally sighted controls who underwent both OCT and optical coherence tomography angiography. Using OCT, spatial distribution of CME and the retinal layer, which CME located, was examined. Optical coherence tomography angiography images of the superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus were obtained. Foveal and parafoveal flow densities in each layer and foveal avascular zone area were measured. RESULTS Of the 42 eyes with RP, 32 had CME. All CMEs were located in the inner nuclear layer and limited to the parafovea. The outer nuclear layer/ganglion cell layer was involved in 12 eyes (37.5%). Compared with RP without CME, RP with CME (RP-CME) did not show significant differences in flow density or extent of vascular disruption within the superficial capillary plexus, deep capillary plexus, or foveal avascular zone areas. CONCLUSION RP-CME was mostly located in the inner nuclear layer of the parafoveal macula, without vascular disruption in optical coherence tomography angiography. Our findings may support the hypothesis that the pathogenesis of RP with CME differs from retinal vascular CME triggered by compromised deep capillary plexus.
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26
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Tao Y, Hu B, Ma Z, Li H, Du E, Wang G, Xing B, Ma J, Song Z. Intravitreous delivery of melatonin affects the retinal neuron survival and visual signal transmission: in vivo and ex vivo study. Drug Deliv 2021; 27:1386-1396. [PMID: 33016801 PMCID: PMC7580852 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1818882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravitreal delivery can maximize the intensity of therapeutic agents and extend their residence time within ocular tissue. Melatonin is a lipophilic molecule that crosses freely biological barriers and cell membranes. This study intends to investigate the effects of intravitreally delivered melatonin on mouse retina. The visual function of administered mice is assessed by electrophysiological and behavior examinations three weeks after intravitreal delivery. Moreover, multi-electrode array (MEA) was used to assess the electrical activities of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). We found that intravitreal delivery of high dosage melatonin (400-500 µg/kg) destroyed the retinal architecture and impaired the visual function of mice. Conversely, the melatonin administration at low dose (100-300 µg/kg) did not have any significant effects on the photoreceptor survival or visual function. As shown in the MEA recording, the photoreceptors activity of the central region was more severely disturbed by the high dose melatonin. A pronounced augment of the spontaneous firing frequency was recorded in these mice received high dosage melatonin, indicating that intravitreal delivery of high dosage melatonin would affect the electrical activity of RGCs. Immunostaining assay showed that the vitality of cone photoreceptor was impaired by high dose melatonin. These findings suggest that intravitreal melatonin is not always beneficial for ocular tissues, especially when it is administered at high dosage. These data add new perspectives to current knowledge about melatonin delivery at the ocular level. Further therapeutic strategies should take into consideration of these risks that caused by delivery approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Department of physiology and neuroscience, Basic college of medicine, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Bang Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhao Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han, PR China
| | - Haijun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Department of physiology and neuroscience, Basic college of medicine, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Enming Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Department of physiology and neuroscience, Basic college of medicine, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Department of physiology and neuroscience, Basic college of medicine, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Biao Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han, PR China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han, PR China
| | - Zongming Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Department of physiology and neuroscience, Basic college of medicine, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou, PR China
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27
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Keilhoff G, Titze M, Ebmeyer U. Immuno-histological detection of resistant columnar units and vulnerable networks in the rat retina after asphyxia-induced transient cardiac arrest. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2021; 39:267-289. [PMID: 34334436 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-211174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke-related loss of vision is one of the residual impairments, restricting the quality of life. However, studies of the ocular manifestations of asphyxia cardiac arrest/resuscitation (ACA/R) have reported very heterogeneous results. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the ACA/R-induced degeneration pattern of the different retinal cell populations in rats using different immuno-histological stainings. METHODS The staining pattern of toluidine blue and the ganglion cell markers β-III-tubulin and NeuN; the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin, indicating ganglion, amacrine, and horizontal cells; calretinin D28k, indicating ganglion and amacrine cells; calbindin, indicating horizontal cells; Chx 10, indicating cone bipolar cells; PKCα, indicating ON-type rod bipolar cells; arrestin, indicating cones; and rhodopsin, a marker of rods, as well as the glial cell markers GFAP (indicating astroglia and Müller cells) and IBA1 (indicating microglia), were evaluated after survival times of 7 and 21 days in an ACA/R rat model. Moreover, quantitative morphological analysis of the optic nerve was performed. The ACA/R specimens were compared with those from sham-operated and completely naïve rats. RESULTS ACA/R-induced effects were: (i) a significant reduction of retinal thickness after long-term survival; (ii) ganglion cell degeneration, including their fiber network in the inner plexiform layer; (iii) degeneration of amacrine and cone bipolar cells; (iv) degeneration of cone photoreceptors; (v) enhanced resistance to ACA/R by rod photoreceptors, ON-type rod bipolar and horizontal cells, possibly caused by the strong upregulation of the calcium-binding proteins calretinin, parvalbumin, and calbindin, counteracting the detrimental calcium overload; (vi) significant activation of Müller cells as further element of retinal anti-stress self-defense mechanisms; and (vii) morphological alterations of the optic nerve in form of deformed fibers. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of the many defects, the surviving neuronal structures seemed to be able to maintain retinal functionality, which can be additionally improved by regenerative processes true to the "use it or lose it" dogma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerburg Keilhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Titze
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Ebmeyer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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28
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Iglesias-Osma MC, Blanco EJ, Carretero-Hernández M, Catalano-Iniesta L, García-Barrado MJ, Sánchez-Robledo V, Blázquez JL, Carretero J. The lack of Irs2 induces changes in the immunocytochemical expression of aromatase in the mouse retina. Ann Anat 2021; 239:151726. [PMID: 33798691 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Insulin receptor substrate (Irs) belongs to a family of proteins that mediate the intracellular signaling of insulin and IGF-1. Insulin receptor substrate 2 (Irs2) is necessary for retinal function, since its failure in Irs2-deficient mice in hyperglycemic situation promotes photoreceptor degeneration and visual dysfunction, like in diabetic retinopathy. The expression of P450 aromatase, which catalyzes androgen aromatization to form 17ß-estradiol, increases in some neurodegenerative diseases thus promoting the local synthesis of neuroestrogens that exert relevant neuroprotective functions. Aromatase is also expressed in neurons and glial cells of the central nervous system (CNS), including the retina. To further understand the role of Irs2 at the retinal level, we performed an immunocytochemical study in adult normoglycemic Irs2-deficient mice. For this aim, the retinal immunoexpression of neuromodulators, such as aromatase, glutamine synthetase (GS), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was analyzed, joint to a morphometric and planimetric study of the retinal layers. Comparing with wild-type (WT) control mice, the Irs2-knockout (Irs2-KO) animals showed a significant increase in the immunopositivity to aromatase in almost all of the retinal layers. Besides, Irs2-KO mice exhibited a decreased immunopositive reaction for GS and TH, in Müller and amacrine cells, respectively; morphological variations were also found in these retinal cell types. Furthermore, the retina of Irs2-KO mice displayed alterations in the structural organization, and a generalized decrease in the retinal thickness was observed in each of the layers, except for the inner nuclear layer. Our findings suggest that the absence of Irs2 induces retinal neurodegenerative changes in Müller and amacrine cells that are unrelated to hyperglycemia. Accordingly, in the Irs2-KO mice, the increased retinal immunocytochemical reactivity of aromatase could be associated with an attempt to repair such neural retina injuries by promoting local neuroprotective mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmen Iglesias-Osma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spain; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Enrique J Blanco
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marta Carretero-Hernández
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spain
| | - Leonardo Catalano-Iniesta
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spain; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria Jose García-Barrado
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spain; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Spain
| | - Virginia Sánchez-Robledo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spain; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Blázquez
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jose Carretero
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spain.
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29
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Fu Z, Qiu C, Cagnone G, Tomita Y, Huang S, Cakir B, Kotoda Y, Allen W, Bull E, Akula JD, Joyal JS, Hellström A, Talukdar S, Smith LEH. Retinal glial remodeling by FGF21 preserves retinal function during photoreceptor degeneration. iScience 2021; 24:102376. [PMID: 33937726 PMCID: PMC8079476 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The group of retinal degenerations, retinitis pigmentosa (RP), comprises more than 150 genetic abnormalities affecting photoreceptors. Finding degenerative pathways common to all genetic abnormalities may allow general treatment such as neuroprotection. Neuroprotection may include enhancing the function of cells that directly support photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelial cells, and Müller glia. Treatment with fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a neuroprotectant, from postnatal week 4-10, during rod and cone loss in P23H mice (an RP model) with retinal degeneration, preserved photoreceptor function and normalized Müller glial cell morphology. Single-cell transcriptomics of retinal cells showed that FGF21 receptor Fgfr1 was specifically expressed in Müller glia/astrocytes. Of all retinal cells, FGF21 predominantly affected genes in Müller glia/astrocytes with increased expression of axon development and synapse formation pathway genes. Therefore, enhancing retinal glial axon and synapse formation with neurons may preserve retinal function in RP and may suggest a general therapeutic approach for retinal degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chenxi Qiu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gael Cagnone
- Department of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Ophthalmology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Qc H3A 0C4, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Qc H3A 0C4, Canada
| | - Yohei Tomita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shuo Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bertan Cakir
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yumi Kotoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - William Allen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Edward Bull
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James D Akula
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jean-Sébastien Joyal
- Department of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Ophthalmology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Qc H3A 0C4, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Qc H3A 0C4, Canada
| | - Ann Hellström
- Section for Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Saswata Talukdar
- Cardiometabolic Diseases, Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lois E H Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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30
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Jolly JK, Menghini M, Johal PA, Buckley TMW, Bridge H, Maclaren RE. Inner retinal thickening affects microperimetry thresholds in the presence of photoreceptor thinning in patients with RPGR retinitis pigmentosa. Br J Ophthalmol 2020; 106:256-261. [PMID: 33127827 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-317692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of photoreceptors cause degeneration in areas of the retina beyond the photoreceptors. The pattern of changes has implications for disease monitoring and measurement of functional changes. The aim of the study was to study the changes in inner retinal structure associated with photoreceptor disease, and the impact of these on microperimetry threshold. METHODS This retrospective cohort study was conducted on optical coherence tomography (OCT) images and microperimetry tests collected between 2013 and 2019. 22 eyes with RPGR retinitis pigmentosa completed both OCT imaging and microperimetry assessment. 18 control eyes underwent OCT imaging. Photoreceptor layer and inner retinal thickness calculated for different eccentric areas were obtained. The relationship between the photoreceptor layer and inner retinal thickness, and microperimetry threshold was explored. RESULTS Central 1° photoreceptor layer and inner retinal thickness were 96±34 and 139±75 μm in RPGR patients, and 139±15 and 62±14 μm in controls. Photoreceptor layer thickness differed between patient and control groups across increasing visual field areas (p<0.01, Kruskal-Wallis 1-way ANOVA), whereas the inner retinal thickness significantly differed between groups for the central 1° and 3° only. Microperimetry thresholds were explained by a combination of photoreceptor thickness (coefficient 0.15, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.18) and inner retinal thickness (coefficient 0.05, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.06). CONCLUSION OCT shows evidence of remodelling in the inner retinal layers secondary to photoreceptor disease. This appears to have an impact on microperimetry threshold measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasleen Kaur Jolly
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK .,Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.,Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Moreno Menghini
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.,Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Piers A Johal
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Thomas M W Buckley
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.,Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Holly Bridge
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Robert E Maclaren
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.,Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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Comparison of vitreoretinal disorders in fellow eyes of lamellar macular holes versus epiretinal membrane foveoschisis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020; 258:2611-2619. [PMID: 33009974 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-020-04950-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate and compare the rate and characteristics of vitreoretinal disorders in fellow eyes of lamellar macular holes (LMH) versus epiretinal membrane foveoschisis (ERMF). METHODS Included patients in this retrospective study were divided into two groups based on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) features of their primary eye: LMH (group A) and ERMF (group B). RESULTS Ninety-four patients were enrolled: 59 (62.8%) in group A and 35 (37.2%) in group B. Fellow eyes in group A had a higher rate of retinal detachment (8/59 [13.6%] vs. 0/35 [0%], P = 0.024), and full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) (11/59 [18.6%] vs. 2/35 [5.7%], P = 0.079), compared with fellow eyes in group B. In group A, 4/59 patients (6.8%) showed a bilateral LMH while none from group B had a LMH in their fellow eye (0/35 [0%]), P = 0.293. Additionally, epiretinal proliferation was noted in 30/59 (50.8%) fellow eyes in group A versus 3/35 (8.6%) fellow eyes in group B, P < 0.001. Longitudinal data were available for 80/94 patients. Over a mean follow-up of 37.4 ± 29.9 months, 1/48 (2.1%) fellow eyes from group A developed a FTMH and 2/48 (4.2%) developed a LMH, while no FTMH or LMH occurred in fellow eyes of group B. CONCLUSIONS Fellow eyes of LMH showed a high rate of macular and peripheral vitreoretinal disorders. In addition, epiretinal proliferation was detected in a higher number of fellow eyes of LMH versus ERMF. These findings suggest a bilateral process in eyes of patients with LMH.
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32
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Van Hove I, De Groef L, Boeckx B, Modave E, Hu TT, Beets K, Etienne I, Van Bergen T, Lambrechts D, Moons L, Feyen JHM, Porcu M. Single-cell transcriptome analysis of the Akimba mouse retina reveals cell-type-specific insights into the pathobiology of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetologia 2020; 63:2235-2248. [PMID: 32734440 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05218-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of diabetes and a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness. Despite recent advances, our understanding of its pathophysiology remains incomplete. The aim of this study was to provide deeper insight into the complex network of molecular and cellular changes that underlie diabetic retinopathy by systematically mapping the transcriptional changes that occur in the different cellular compartments of the degenerating diabetic mouse retina. METHODS Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on retinal tissue from 12-week-old wild-type and Akimba (Ins2Akita×Vegfa+/-) mice, which are known to replicate features of clinical diabetic retinopathy. This resulted in transcriptome data for 9474 retinal cells, which could be annotated to eight distinct retinal cell types. Using STRING analysis, we studied differentially expressed gene networks in neuronal, glial and immune cell compartments to create a comprehensive view on the pathological changes that occur in the Akimba retina. Using subclustering analysis, we further characterised macroglial and inflammatory cell subpopulations. Prominent findings were confirmed at the protein level using immunohistochemistry, western blotting and ELISA. RESULTS At 12 weeks, the Akimba retina was found to display degeneration of rod photoreceptors and presence of inflammatory cells, identified by subclustering analysis as monocyte, macrophage and microglial populations. Analysis of differentially expressed genes in the rod, cone, bipolar cell and macroglial compartments indicated changes in cell metabolism and ribosomal gene expression, gliosis, activation of immune system pathways and redox and metal ion dyshomeostasis. Experiments at the protein level supported a metabolic shift from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase), activation of microglia/macrophages (isolectin-B4), metal ion and oxidative stress response (metallothionein and haem oxygenase-1) and reactive macroglia (glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100) in the Akimba retina, compared with wild-type mice. Our single-cell approach also indicates macroglial subpopulations with distinct fibrotic, inflammatory and gliotic profiles. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our study identifies molecular pathways underlying inflammatory, metabolic and oxidative stress-mediated changes in the Akimba mouse model of diabetic retinopathy and distinguishes distinct functional subtypes of inflammatory and macroglial cells. DATA AVAILABILITY RNA-seq data have been deposited in the ArrayExpress database at EMBL-EBI ( www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress ) under accession number E-MTAB-9061. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Van Hove
- Oxurion NV, Gaston Geenslaan 1, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lies De Groef
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 61, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Boeckx
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elodie Modave
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Karen Beets
- Oxurion NV, Gaston Geenslaan 1, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Diether Lambrechts
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieve Moons
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 61, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Michaël Porcu
- Oxurion NV, Gaston Geenslaan 1, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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Li W. Ground squirrel - A cool model for a bright vision. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 106:127-134. [PMID: 32593518 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The great evolutionary biologist, Theodosius Dobzhansky, once said, "Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution." Vision, no doubt, is a poster child for the work of evolution. If it has not already been said, I would humbly add that "Nothing in biology makes sense except in the context of metabolism." Marrying these two thoughts together, when one chooses an animal model for vision research, the ground squirrel jumps out immediately for its unique cone dominant retina, which has evolved for its diurnal lifestyle, and for hibernation-an adaptation to unique metabolic challenges encountered during its winter sojourn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Retinal Neurophysiology Section, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA.
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Pfeiffer RL, Marc RE, Jones BW. Müller Cell Metabolic Signatures: Evolutionary Conservation and Disruption in Disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:320-329. [PMID: 32187524 PMCID: PMC7188339 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Müller cells are glia that play important regulatory roles in retinal metabolism. These roles have been evolutionarily conserved across at least 300 million years. Müller cells have a tightly locked metabolic signature in the healthy retina, which rapidly degrades in response to insult and disease. This variation in metabolic signature occurs in a chaotic fashion, involving some central metabolic pathways. The cause of this divergence of Müller cells, from a single class with a unique metabolic signature to numerous separable metabolic classes, is currently unknown and illuminates potential alternative metabolic pathways that may be revealed in disease. Understanding the impacts of this heterogeneity on degenerate retinas and the implications for the metabolic support of surrounding neurons will be critical to long-term integration of retinal therapeutics for the restoration of visual perception following photoreceptor degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Pfeiffer
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA. *
| | - Robert E Marc
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; Signature Immunologics, Torrey, UT, USA
| | - Bryan W Jones
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
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Guo Y, Gao M, Wan X, Li X, Wang Y, Sun M, Li T, Jiang M, Luo X, Sun X. An improved method for establishment of murine retinal detachment model and its 3D vascular evaluation. Exp Eye Res 2020; 193:107949. [PMID: 32006561 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.107949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Retinal detachment (RD) results in disruption of retinal physiology and visual function. Although surgical intervention has been well-developed to restore the retinal anatomic structure, post-op progression of visual function decline is prominent in a large proportion of patients. Therefore, the establishment of a disease model that accurately mimics RD pathogenesis is crucial to mechanistic study and drug screening. General protocols to induce RD in mice are frequently associated with complications leading to model instability and reduced reproducibility. In this study, we established a stable and reproducible mice RD model with a detached area of over 90% and rare complications. Briefly, the modified method was realized by vitreous humor extraction to reduce intraocular pressure, followed by directly-visible hyaluronic acid injection into subretinal space. The detachment of retina was confirmed by fundus photography, and progressive thinning of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) was determined by HE staining. Apoptotic signals were prominent in the ONL. Consistently, visual function was significantly compromised as determined by ERG. Moreover, retinal vasculature appeared to remodel and acquired winding, twisted and dilated structures illustrated by 3D reconstruction. In addition, activation of Müller cells and microglia, and infiltration of blood-derived macrophages were detected locally. Collectively, we have established a modified protocol to model RD with increased stability, reproducibility and fewer complications, and 3D high-resolution imaging and reconstruction of vasculature could provide new tools to evaluate this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinong Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 200080, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 200080, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Wan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, 200080, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 200080, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 200080, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengsha Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 200080, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 200080, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, 200080, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueting Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 200080, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, 200080, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, 200080, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 200080, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, 200080, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, 200080, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, 200080, Shanghai, China; Shanghai engineering center for precise diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases, 200080, Shanghai, China.
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Pfeiffer RL, Marc RE, Jones BW. Persistent remodeling and neurodegeneration in late-stage retinal degeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 74:100771. [PMID: 31356876 PMCID: PMC6982593 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Retinal remodeling is a progressive series of negative plasticity revisions that arise from retinal degeneration, and are seen in retinitis pigmentosa, age-related macular degeneration and other forms of retinal disease. These processes occur regardless of the precipitating event leading to degeneration. Retinal remodeling then culminates in a late-stage neurodegeneration that is indistinguishable from progressive central nervous system (CNS) proteinopathies. Following long-term deafferentation from photoreceptor cell death in humans, and long-lived animal models of retinal degeneration, most retinal neurons reprogram, then die. Glial cells reprogram into multiple anomalous metabolic phenotypes. At the same time, survivor neurons display degenerative inclusions that appear identical to progressive CNS neurodegenerative disease, and contain aberrant α-synuclein (α-syn) and phosphorylated α-syn. In addition, ultrastructural analysis indicates a novel potential mechanism for misfolded protein transfer that may explain how proteinopathies spread. While neurodegeneration poses a barrier to prospective retinal interventions that target primary photoreceptor loss, understanding the progression and time-course of retinal remodeling will be essential for the establishment of windows of therapeutic intervention and appropriate tuning and design of interventions. Finally, the development of protein aggregates and widespread neurodegeneration in numerous retinal degenerative diseases positions the retina as a ideal platform for the study of proteinopathies, and mechanisms of neurodegeneration that drive devastating CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Pfeiffer
- Dept of Ophthalmology, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Robert E Marc
- Dept of Ophthalmology, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Bryan William Jones
- Dept of Ophthalmology, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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37
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Kominami T, Ueno S, Nishida K, Inooka D, Kominami A, Kondo M, Terasaki H. Electrically Evoked Potentials Are Reduced Compared to Axon Numbers in Rhodopsin P347L Transgenic Rabbits With Severe Photoreceptor Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:2543-2550. [PMID: 31206141 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-26972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the relationship between the amplitudes of the electrically evoked potentials (EEPs) and the number of optic nerve axons at a late stage of retinal degeneration in rhodopsin P347L transgenic (Tg) rabbits, a model of retinitis pigmentosa. Methods Six eyes of six wild-type (WT) (43.8 ± 7.5 months of age) and six eyes of six Tg (40.3 ± 2.6 months of age) rabbits were studied. The EEPs were elicited by 1 to 5 mA of transcorneal electrical stimulation. The first positive wave, the P1 component, was analyzed. After euthanasia, the number of axons in the optic nerve was counted. Results The threshold current to elicit a P1 was significantly higher in Tg rabbits than WT rabbits. The amplitude of P1 elicited by 5 mA in Tg rabbits was about 24% of that in WT rabbits (P < 0.01). The number of axons in the optic nerve of Tg rabbits was reduced to about 59% of that of WT rabbits (P < 0.01). The correlation between the axon number and the amplitude of the P1 in Tg and WT rabbits was not significant. The mean ratio of the P1 amplitude/axon in Tg rabbits was decreased to 53% of that in WT rabbits (P < 0.05). Conclusions The degree of reduction in the EEP in Tg rabbits is more severe than the reduction in the number of optic nerve axons. The use of transcorneal electrical stimulation to determine the suitable candidates for prosthesis at the end-stage of retinitis pigmentosa may underestimate the condition of the optic nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Kominami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinji Ueno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daiki Inooka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Azusa Kominami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mineo Kondo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hiroko Terasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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García-Ayuso D, Di Pierdomenico J, Vidal-Sanz M, Villegas-Pérez MP. Retinal Ganglion Cell Death as a Late Remodeling Effect of Photoreceptor Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184649. [PMID: 31546829 PMCID: PMC6770703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited or acquired photoreceptor degenerations, one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness in the world, are a group of retinal disorders that initially affect rods and cones, situated in the outer retina. For many years it was assumed that these diseases did not spread to the inner retina. However, it is now known that photoreceptor loss leads to an unavoidable chain of events that cause neurovascular changes in the retina including migration of retinal pigment epithelium cells, formation of “subretinal vascular complexes”, vessel displacement, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axonal strangulation by retinal vessels, axonal transport alteration and, ultimately, RGC death. These events are common to all photoreceptor degenerations regardless of the initial trigger and thus threaten the outcome of photoreceptor substitution as a therapeutic approach, because with a degenerating inner retina, the photoreceptor signal will not reach the brain. In conclusion, therapies should be applied early in the course of photoreceptor degeneration, before the remodeling process reaches the inner retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego García-Ayuso
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Virgen de la Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Johnny Di Pierdomenico
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Virgen de la Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Manuel Vidal-Sanz
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Virgen de la Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain.
| | - María P Villegas-Pérez
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Virgen de la Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain.
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Ueno S, Kominami T, Okado S, Inooka D, Kondo M, Terasaki H. Course of loss of photoreceptor function and progressive Müller cell gliosis in rhodopsin P347L transgenic rabbits. Exp Eye Res 2019; 184:192-200. [PMID: 31029790 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Long living animal models of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) can provide important information on the retinal changes that occur at the late stages of photoreceptor degeneration. The rhodopsin Pro347Leu transgenic rabbit (P347L Tg) is a model of RP, and it has been used to analyze the functional and morphological changes in the retina following the degeneration of the photoreceptors. They have also been used to test newly-developed therapies to treat eyes with photoreceptor degeneration. However, assessments of the retinal changes in P347L Tg rabbits older than 1-year have not been reported even though the data are important for research on developing new therapies to restore vision at the end stages of RP. The purpose of this study was to determine the time course of the loss of photoreceptor function and the changes in the morphology of the retina of P347L Tg rabbits. The experiments were performed on 26 older P347L Tg rabbits. The results showed that the amplitudes of the ERGs of the P347L Tg rabbits gradually decreased and reached <10 μV between 30- and 54-months-of-age. Histological analysis at these later stages showed a loss of the photoreceptor layer, and OCT analysis showed absence of the layering of the retina. However, the thickness between the inner limiting membrane and the outer plexiform layer was about 1.7 times thicker than the corresponding thickness of WT rabbits in the OCT images. This thickening was caused by a marked gliosis of the entire retina which was confirmed by light and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis showed there was excessive staining of the glial fibrillary acid protein in the older P347L Tg rabbits although the rod ON bipolar cells and horizontal cells were still present in the inner nuclear layer. Our results indicate that the P347L Tg rabbit progressed to complete photoreceptor loss within 30- and 54-months-of-age and severe gliosis altered the morphology of the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Ueno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Taro Kominami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okado
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daiki Inooka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mineo Kondo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hiroko Terasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Pfeiffer RL, Anderson JR, Emrich DP, Dahal J, Sigulinsky CL, Morrison HAB, Yang JH, Watt CB, Rapp KD, Kondo M, Terasaki H, Garcia JC, Marc RE, Jones BW. Pathoconnectome Analysis of Müller Cells in Early Retinal Remodeling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1185:365-370. [PMID: 31884639 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-27378-1_60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glia play important roles in neural function, including but not limited to amino acid recycling, ion homeostasis, glucose metabolism, and waste removal. During retinal degeneration and subsequent retinal remodeling, Müller cells (MCs) are the first cells to show metabolic and morphological alterations in response to stress. Metabolic alterations in MCs chaotically progress in retina undergoing photoreceptor degeneration; however, what relationship these alterations have with neuronal stress, synapse maintenance, or glia-glia interactions is currently unknown. The work described here reconstructs a MC from a pathoconnectome of early retinal remodeling retinal pathoconnectome 1 (RPC1) and explores relationships between MC structural and metabolic phenotypes in the context of neighboring neurons and glia. Here we find variations in intensity of osmication inter- and intracellularly, variation in small molecule metabolic content of MCs, as well as morphological alterations of glial endfeet. RPC1 provides a framework to analyze these relationships in early retinal remodeling through ultrastructural reconstructions of both neurons and glia. These reconstructions, informed by quantitative metabolite labeling via computational molecular phenotyping (CMP), allow us to evaluate neural-glial interactions in early retinal degeneration with unprecedented resolution and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Pfeiffer
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - James R Anderson
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Daniel P Emrich
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jeebika Dahal
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Crystal L Sigulinsky
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hope A B Morrison
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jia-Hui Yang
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Carl B Watt
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kevin D Rapp
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mineo Kondo
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hiroko Terasaki
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jessica C Garcia
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Robert E Marc
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Departments of Ophthalmology, Signature Immunologics, Torrey, UT, USA
| | - Bryan W Jones
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Loizos K, Marc R, Humayun M, Anderson JR, Jones BW, Lazzi G. Increasing Electrical Stimulation Efficacy in Degenerated Retina: Stimulus Waveform Design in a Multiscale Computational Model. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2018; 26:1111-1120. [PMID: 29877835 PMCID: PMC6005361 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2018.2832055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A computational model of electrical stimulation of the retina is proposed for investigating current waveforms used in prosthetic devices for restoring partial vision lost to retinal degenerative diseases. The model framework combines a connectome-based neural network model characterized by accurate morphological and synaptic properties with an admittance method model of bulk tissue and prosthetic electronics. In this model, the retina was computationally "degenerated," considering cellular death and anatomical changes that occur early in disease, as well as altered neural behavior that develops throughout the neurodegeneration and is likely interfering with current attempts at restoring vision. A resulting analysis of stimulation range and threshold of ON ganglion cells within the retina that are either healthy or in beginning stages of degeneration is presented for currently used stimulation waveforms, and an asymmetric biphasic current stimulation for subduing spontaneous firing to allow increased control over ganglion cell firing patterns in degenerated retina is proposed. Results show that stimulation thresholds of retinal ganglion cells do not notably vary after beginning stages of retina degeneration. In addition, simulation of proposed asymmetric waveforms showed the ability to enhance the control of ganglion cell firing via electrical stimulation.
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Lin28B promotes Müller glial cell de-differentiation and proliferation in the regenerative rat retinas. Oncotarget 2018; 7:49368-49383. [PMID: 27384999 PMCID: PMC5226514 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal regeneration and repair are severely impeded in higher mammalian animals. Although Müller cells can be activated and show some characteristics of progenitor cells when injured or under pathological conditions, they quickly form gliosis scars. Unfortunately, the basic mechanisms that impede retinal regeneration remain unknown. We studied retinas from Royal College of Surgeon (RCS) rats and found that let-7 family molecules, let-7e and let-7i, were significantly overexpressed in Müller cells of degenerative retinas. It demonstrated that down-regulation of the RNA binding protein Lin28B was one of the key factors leading to the overexpression of let-7e and let-7i. Lin28B ectopic expression in the Müller cells suppressed overexpression of let-7e and let-7i, stimulated and mobilized Müller glia de-differentiation, proliferation, promoted neuronal commitment, and inhibited glial fate acquisition of de-differentiated Müller cells. ERG recordings revealed that the amplitudes of a-wave and b-wave were improved significantly after Lin28B was delivered into the subretinal space of RCS rats. In summary, down-regulation of Lin28B as well as up-regulation of let-7e and let-7i may be the main factors that impede Müller cell de-differentiation and proliferation in the retina of RCS rats.
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Koyanagi Y, Murakami Y, Funatsu J, Akiyama M, Nakatake S, Fujiwara K, Tachibana T, Nakao S, Hisatomi T, Yoshida S, Ishibashi T, Sonoda KH, Ikeda Y. Optical coherence tomography angiography of the macular microvasculature changes in retinitis pigmentosa. Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96:e59-e67. [PMID: 28561452 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the macular microvasculature changes by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and analyse the correlation between these changes and central visual function in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). METHODS We measured the area of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and the foveal and parafoveal flow density (FFD and PFD, respectively) in the superficial (S) and deep (D) retinal plexus by OCTA (AngioVue) and compared these values between 73 RP patients and 36 healthy controls. We analysed the relationships between these microvasculature measurements and central visual functions such as visual acuity (VA) and the values of static perimetry tests (Humphrey Field Analyzer, the central 10-2 program) in the RP patients. RESULTS The FFD-S, PFD-S and PFD-D were significantly decreased in the RP patients compared to the controls (all p < 0.05), whereas there was no significant difference in the FAZ-S, FAZ-D or FFD-D (all p > 0.05). A subgroup analysis showed that the RP patients with VA <20/20 had increased FAZ-S compared to the controls and RP patients with VA ≥20/20 (p = 0.01 and p = 0.007, respectively). Spearman rank testing demonstrated that PFD-S and PFD-D were significantly correlated with all of the central visual parameters (all p < 0.01). The FAZ-S and FFD-S were significantly correlated with VA, and FAZ-D and FFD-D showed no significant correlation. CONCLUSION Both the superficial and deep layers of the parafoveal microvasculature are attenuated in RP and correlated with reduced central visual function. The foveal microvasculature, especially in the deep layer, was relatively preserved until mild-to-moderately advanced stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Koyanagi
- Department of Ophthalmology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yusuke Murakami
- Department of Ophthalmology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Jun Funatsu
- Department of Ophthalmology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Masato Akiyama
- Department of Ophthalmology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis; RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences; Kanagawa Japan
| | - Shunji Nakatake
- Department of Ophthalmology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Kohta Fujiwara
- Department of Ophthalmology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology; Akita University Graduate School of Medicine; Akita Japan
| | - Takashi Tachibana
- Department of Ophthalmology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Shintaro Nakao
- Department of Ophthalmology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Toshio Hisatomi
- Department of Ophthalmology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Shigeo Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Tatsuro Ishibashi
- Department of Ophthalmology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Koh-Hei Sonoda
- Department of Ophthalmology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ikeda
- Department of Ophthalmology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
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44
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Jones BW, Lewis GP. Special issue on retinal remodeling. Exp Eye Res 2016; 150:1-3. [PMID: 27373972 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan William Jones
- University of Utah, Moran Eye Center, Ophthalmology & Visual Neurosciences, USA.
| | - Geoffrey P Lewis
- University California, Santa Barbara, Neuroscience Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
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45
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Jones BW, Pfeiffer RL, Ferrell WD, Watt CB, Marmor M, Marc RE. Retinal remodeling in human retinitis pigmentosa. Exp Eye Res 2016; 150:149-65. [PMID: 27020758 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) in the human is a progressive, currently irreversible neural degenerative disease usually caused by gene defects that disrupt the function or architecture of the photoreceptors. While RP can initially be a disease of photoreceptors, there is increasing evidence that the inner retina becomes progressively disorganized as the outer retina degenerates. These alterations have been extensively described in animal models, but remodeling in humans has not been as well characterized. This study, using computational molecular phenotyping (CMP) seeks to advance our understanding of the retinal remodeling process in humans. We describe cone mediated preservation of overall topology, retinal reprogramming in the earliest stages of the disease in retinal bipolar cells, and alterations in both small molecule and protein signatures of neurons and glia. Furthermore, while Müller glia appear to be some of the last cells left in the degenerate retina, they are also one of the first cell classes in the neural retina to respond to stress which may reveal mechanisms related to remodeling and cell death in other retinal cell classes. Also fundamentally important is the finding that retinal network topologies are altered. Our results suggest interventions that presume substantial preservation of the neural retina will likely fail in late stages of the disease. Even early intervention offers no guarantee that the interventions will be immune to progressive remodeling. Fundamental work in the biology and mechanisms of disease progression are needed to support vision rescue strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Jones
- Dept. Ophthalmology, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, USA.
| | - R L Pfeiffer
- Dept. Ophthalmology, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, USA
| | - W D Ferrell
- Dept. Ophthalmology, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, USA
| | - C B Watt
- Dept. Ophthalmology, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, USA
| | - M Marmor
- Dept. Ophthalmology, Stanford University, USA
| | - R E Marc
- Dept. Ophthalmology, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, USA
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