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Liang M, Wang L, Tian X, Wang K, Zhu X, Huang L, Li Q, Ye W, Chen C, Yang H, Wu W, Chen X, Zhu X, Xue Y, Wan W, Wu Y, Lu L, Wang J, Zou H, Ying T, Zhou F. Identification and validation of anti-protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) antibody as a novel biomarker for systemic sclerosis (SSc). Ann Rheum Dis 2024:ard-2024-225596. [PMID: 38684324 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2024-225596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the complex panorama of autoimmune diseases, the characterisation of pivotal contributing autoantibodies that are involved in disease progression remains challenging. This study aimed to employ a global antibody profiling strategy to identify novel antibodies and investigate their association with systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHODS We implemented this strategy by conducting immunoprecipitation (IP) following on-bead digestion with the sera of patients with SSc or healthy donors, using antigen pools derived from cell lysates. The enriched antigen-antibody complex was proceeded with mass spectrometry (MS)-based quantitative proteomics and over-represented by bioinformatics analysis. The candidate antibodies were then orthogonally validated in two independent groups of patients with SSc. Mice were immunised with the target antigen, which was subsequently evaluated by histological examination and RNA sequencing. RESULTS The IP-MS analysis, followed by validation in patients with SSc, revealed a significant elevation in anti-PRMT5 antibodies among patients with SSc. These antibodies exhibited robust diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing SSc from healthy controls and other autoimmune conditions, including systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren's syndrome, with an area under the curve ranging from 0.900 to 0.988. The elevation of anti-PRMT5 antibodies was verified in a subsequent independent group with SSc using an additional method, microarray. Notably, 31.11% of patients with SSc exhibited seropositivity for anti-PRMT5 antibodies. Furthermore, the titres of anti-PRMT5 antibodies demonstrated a correlation with the progression or regression trajectory in SSc. PRMT5 immunisation displayed significant inflammation and fibrosis in both the skin and lungs of mice. This was concomitant with the upregulation of multiple proinflammatory and profibrotic pathways, thereby underscoring a potentially pivotal role of anti-PRMT5 antibodies in SSc. CONCLUSIONS This study has identified anti-PRMT5 antibodies as a novel biomarker for SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minrui Liang
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Huashan Rare Disease Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingbiao Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Huashan Rare Disease Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Synthetic Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Synthetic Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Huang
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Huashan Rare Disease Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Ye
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Huashan Rare Disease Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haihua Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Huashan Rare Disease Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xue
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Huashan Rare Disease Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiguo Wan
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Huashan Rare Disease Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Synthetic Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hejian Zou
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Huashan Rare Disease Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianlei Ying
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Synthetic Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Cao Y, Hu B, Fan Y, Wang W, Chi M, Nasser MI, Ma K, Liu C. The effects of apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage in kidney diseases. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:21. [PMID: 38178221 PMCID: PMC10765713 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01597-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease is a progressive and irreversible condition in which immunity is a contributing factor that endangers human health. It is widely acknowledged that macrophages play a significant role in developing and causing numerous kidney diseases. The increasing focus on the mechanism by which macrophages express apoptosis inhibitor of macrophages (AIM) in renal diseases has been observed. AIM is an apoptosis inhibitor that stops different things that cause apoptosis from working. This keeps AIM-bound cell types alive. Notably, the maintenance of immune cell viability regulates immunity. As our investigation progressed, we concluded that AIM has two sides when it comes to renal diseases. AIM can modulate renal phagocytosis, expedite the elimination of renal tubular cell fragments, and mitigate tissue injury. AIM can additionally exacerbate the development of renal fibrosis and kidney disease by prolonging inflammation. IgA nephropathy (IgAN) may also worsen faster if more protein is in the urine. This is because IgA and immunoglobulin M are found together and expressed. In the review, we provide a comprehensive overview of prior research and concentrate on the impacts of AIM on diverse subcategories of nephropathies. We discovered that AIM is closely associated with renal diseases by playing a positive or negative role in the onset, progression, or cure of kidney disease. AIM is thus a potentially effective therapeutic target for kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixia Cao
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Renal Disease Clinical Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Boyan Hu
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Renal Disease Clinical Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunhe Fan
- Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Renal Disease Clinical Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingxuan Chi
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Renal Disease Clinical Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Moussa Ide Nasser
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510100, Guangdong, China.
| | - Kuai Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Renal Disease Clinical Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China.
- Renal Department and Nephrology Institute, School of Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chengdu, China.
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Manikandan SK, Logan A, Cerrada-Gimenez M, Fitzhenry L, Coffey L, Kaja S, Rani S. Immune System, Inflammation and Autoantigens in Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Pathological Significance and Therapeutic Importance. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2236. [PMID: 38137838 PMCID: PMC10744676 DOI: 10.3390/life13122236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD) is a chronic inflammation-associated neurodegenerative disease affecting the posterior part of the eye in the aging population. Aging results in the reduced functionality of cells and tissues, including the cells of the retina. Initiators of a chronic inflammatory and pathologic state in wAMD may be a result of the accumulation of inevitable metabolic injuries associated with the maintenance of tissue homeostasis from a young age to over 50. Apart from this, risk factors like smoking, genetic predisposition, and failure to repair the injuries that occur, alongside attempts to rescue the hypoxic outer retina may also contribute to the pathogenesis. Aging of the immune system (immunosenescence) and a compromised outer blood retinal barrier (BRB) result in the exposure of the privileged milieu of the retina to the systemic immune system, further increasing the severity of the disease. When immune-privileged sites like the retina are under pathological stress, certain age- and disease-related conditions may necessitate assistance from cells distant from the resident ones to help restore the functionality of the tissue. As a necessary part of tissue repair, inflammation is a major response to disease and recruits immune cells to the site of damage. We suspect that the specific reparative inflammatory responses are controlled by an autoantigen-T cell-mediated mechanism, a process that may be hindered in wAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeraj Kuruppilakath Manikandan
- Ocular Therapeutics Research Group, Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, South East Technological University, Waterford Campus, X91 K0EK Waterford, Ireland; (S.K.M.); (L.F.)
| | - Ann Logan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7HL, UK;
| | | | - Laurence Fitzhenry
- Ocular Therapeutics Research Group, Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, South East Technological University, Waterford Campus, X91 K0EK Waterford, Ireland; (S.K.M.); (L.F.)
| | - Lee Coffey
- Ocular Therapeutics Research Group, Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, South East Technological University, Waterford Campus, X91 K0EK Waterford, Ireland; (S.K.M.); (L.F.)
| | - Simon Kaja
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Molecular Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Sweta Rani
- Ocular Therapeutics Research Group, Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, South East Technological University, Waterford Campus, X91 K0EK Waterford, Ireland; (S.K.M.); (L.F.)
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Moekotte L, Kuiper JJW, Hiddingh S, Nguyen XTA, Boon CJF, van den Born LI, de Boer JH, van Genderen MM. CRB1-Associated Retinal Dystrophy Patients Have Expanded Lewis Glycoantigen-Positive T Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:6. [PMID: 37792335 PMCID: PMC10565706 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.13.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Eye inflammation may occur in patients with inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) and is seen frequently in IRDs associated with mutations in the CRB1 gene. The purpose of this study was to determine the types of inflammatory cells involved in IRDs, by deep profiling the composition of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with a CRB1-associated IRD. Methods This study included 33 patients with an IRD with confirmed CRB1 mutations and 32 healthy controls. A 43-parameter flow cytometry analysis was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from venous blood. FlowSOM and manual Boolean combination gating were used to identify and quantify immune cell subsets. Results Comparing patients with controls revealed a significant increase in patients in the abundance of circulating CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells that express sialyl Lewis X antigen. Furthermore, we detected a decrease in plasmacytoid dendritic cells and an IgA+CD24+CD38+ transitional B-cell subset in patients with an IRD. Conclusions Patients with a CRB1-associated IRD show marked changes in blood leukocyte composition, affecting lymphocyte and dendritic cell populations. These results implicate inflammatory pathways in the disease manifestations of IRDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lude Moekotte
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jonas J. W. Kuiper
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne Hiddingh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Xuan-Thanh-An Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Camiel J. F. Boon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Joke H. de Boer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maria M. van Genderen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Bartiméus, Diagnostic Center for complex visual disorders, Zeist, the Netherlands
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5
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Nemoto H, Honjo M, Arai S, Miyazaki T, Aihara M. Apoptosis inhibitor of macrophages/CD5L enhances phagocytosis in the trabecular meshwork cells and regulates ocular hypertension. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:2451-2467. [PMID: 37584382 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The trabecular meshwork (TM) cells of the eye are important for controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) and regulating outflow resistance in the aqueous humor. TM cells can remove particles and cellular debris by phagocytosis, decreasing both outflow resistance and IOP. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigate whether apoptosis inhibitor of macrophages (AIM), which mediates the removal of dead cells and debris in renal tubular epithelial cells, regulates the phagocytic capacity of TM cells. In vitro experiments revealed that CD36, the main receptor for AIM, colocalized with AIM in human TM cells; additionally, phagocytosis was stimulated when AIM was provided. Furthermore, in a mouse model with transient IOP elevation induced by laser iridotomy (LI), removal of accumulated iris pigment epithelial cells or debris in the TM and recovery of IOP to baseline levels were delayed in AIM-/- mice, compared with control mice. However, treatment with AIM eyedrops rescued AIM-/- mice from the elevated IOP after LI. Since AIM is a protein known to inhibit macrophage apoptosis, we additionally verified its involvement in macrophage removal of cellular debris and IOP. There were no statistically significant differences in the number of macrophages between control mice and AIM-/- mice in the TM. Additionally, we confirmed the rescue effect of the rAIM eyedrops after macrophages had been removed by clodronate liposomes. Therefore, AIM plays an important role in regulating the phagocytic capacity of TM cells, thereby affecting outflow resistance. Our results suggest that drugs targeting the phagocytic capacity of TM cells via the AIM-CD36 pathway may be used to treat glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hotaka Nemoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megumi Honjo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Arai
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- The Institute for AIM Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Miyazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- The Institute for AIM Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- LEAP, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Aihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Yang H, Luo Y, Lai X. The comprehensive role of apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) in pathological conditions. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 212:184-198. [PMID: 36427004 PMCID: PMC10243866 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
CD5L/AIM (apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage), as an important component in maintaining tissue homeostasis and inflammation, is mainly produced and secreted by macrophages but partially dissociated and released from blood AIM-IgM. AIM plays a regulatory role in intracellular physiological mechanisms, including lipid metabolism and apoptosis. AIM not only increases in autoimmune diseases, directly targets liver cells in liver cancer and promotes cell clearance in acute kidney injury, but also causes arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular events, and aggravates inflammatory reactions in lung diseases and sepsis. Obviously, AIM plays a pleiotropic role in the body. However, to date, studies have failed to decipher the mechanisms behind its different roles (beneficial or harmful) in inflammatory regulation. The inflammatory response is a "double-edged sword," and maintaining balance is critical for effective host defense while minimizing the adverse side effects of acute inflammation. Enhancing the understanding of AIM function could provide the theoretical basis for new therapies in these pathological settings. In this review, we discuss recent studies on the roles of AIM in lipid metabolism, autoimmune diseases and organic tissues, such as liver cancer, myocardial infarction, and kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaofei Lai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Sarici K, Vyas A, Iannaccone A. The double-edged sword of inflammation in inherited retinal degenerations: Clinical and preclinical evidence for mechanistically and prognostically impactful but treatable complications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1177711. [PMID: 37123408 PMCID: PMC10135873 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1177711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We present retrospective data from our clinical research efforts of the past several years alongside a review of past and current clinical and preclinical data independently by several investigators supporting our clinical evidence for the importance of inflammation in inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs). We show how inflammation is a complicating factor in IRDs but, if recognized and managed, also a great opportunity to mitigate disease severity immediately, improve patient prognosis and quality of life, extend the treatment windows for gene-specific and agnostic therapeutic approaches, mitigate the impact of inflammatory complications on the accurate estimate of vision changes in IRD natural history studies, improve the chances of safer outcomes following cataract surgery, and potentially reduce the likelihood of inflammatory adverse events and augment the efficacy of viral vector-based treatment approaches to IRDs. Manuscript contribution to the field. Inflammation has been suspected to be at play in IRDs since the beginning of the 1900s and became a research focus through the early 1990s but was then largely abandoned in favor of genetic-focused research. Thanks to regained cognizance, better research tools, and a more holistic approach to IRDs, the recent reappraisal of the role of inflammation in IRDs has brought back to the surface its importance. A potential confounder in natural history studies and a limiting factor in clinical trials if not accounted for, inflammation can be managed and often offers an opportunity for immediately improved prognosis and outcomes for IRD patients. We present our retrospective clinical evidence for connections with a measurable secondary autoimmune component that can develop in IRDs and contribute to vision loss but is at least in part treatable. We also present ample lines of evidence from the literature corroborating our clinical observations at the preclinical level.
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Fang Y, Doyle MF, Chen J, Alosco ML, Mez J, Satizabal CL, Qiu WQ, Murabito JM, Lunetta KL. Association between inflammatory biomarkers and cognitive aging. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274350. [PMID: 36083988 PMCID: PMC9462682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines and chemokines related to the innate and adaptive immune system have been linked to neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease, dementia, and cognitive disorders. We examined the association of 11 plasma proteins (CD14, CD163, CD5L, CD56, CD40L, CXCL16, SDF1, DPP4, SGP130, sRAGE, and MPO) related to immune and inflammatory responses with measures of cognitive function, brain MRI and dementia risk. We identified Framingham Heart Study Offspring participants who underwent neuropsychological testing (n = 2358) or brain MRI (n = 2100) within five years of the seventh examination where a blood sample for quantifying the protein biomarkers was obtained; and who were followed for 10 years for incident all-cause dementia (n = 1616). We investigated the association of inflammatory biomarkers with neuropsychological test performance and brain MRI volumes using linear mixed effect models accounting for family relationships. We further used Cox proportional hazards models to examine the association with incident dementia. False discovery rate p-values were used to account for multiple testing. Participants included in the neuropsychological test and MRI samples were on average 61 years old and 54% female. Participants from the incident dementia sample (average 68 years old at baseline) included 124 participants with incident dementia. In addition to CD14, which has an established association, we found significant associations between higher levels of CD40L and myeloperoxidase (MPO) with executive dysfunction. Higher CD5L levels were significantly associated with smaller total brain volumes (TCBV), whereas higher levels of sRAGE were associated with larger TCBV. Associations persisted after adjustment for APOE ε4 carrier status and additional cardiovascular risk factors. None of the studied inflammatory biomarkers were significantly associated with risk of incident all-cause dementia. Higher circulating levels of soluble CD40L and MPO, markers of immune cell activation, were associated with poorer performance on neuropsychological tests, while higher CD5L, a key regulator of inflammation, was associated with smaller total brain volumes. Higher circulating soluble RAGE, a decoy receptor for the proinflammatory RAGE/AGE pathway, was associated with larger total brain volume. If confirmed in other studies, this data indicates the involvement of an activated immune system in abnormal brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Margaret F. Doyle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Jiachen Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Alosco
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and CTE Center, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jesse Mez
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and CTE Center, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University School of Medicine, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Claudia L. Satizabal
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wei Qiao Qiu
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and CTE Center, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joanne M. Murabito
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University School of Medicine, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Boston Medical Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kathryn L. Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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9
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Fan W, Huang W, Chen J, Li N, Mao L, Hou S. Retinal microglia: Functions and diseases. Immunology 2022; 166:268-286. [PMID: 35403700 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Chongqing China
- Chongqing Eye Institute Chongqing China
- Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Chongqing China
| | - Weidi Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Na Li
- College of Basic Medicine Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Liming Mao
- Department of Immunology School of Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road Nantong Jiangsu China
| | - Shengping Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Chongqing China
- Chongqing Eye Institute Chongqing China
- Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Chongqing China
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10
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Hollingsworth TJ, Wang X, White WA, Simpson RN, Jablonski MM. Chronic Proinflammatory Signaling Accelerates the Rate of Degeneration in a Spontaneous Polygenic Model of Inherited Retinal Dystrophy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:839424. [PMID: 35387333 PMCID: PMC8978607 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.839424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Collectively, retinal neurodegenerative diseases are comprised of numerous subtypes of disorders which result in loss of a varying cell types in the retina. These diseases can range from glaucoma, which results in retinal ganglion cell death, to age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa, which result in cell death of the retinal pigment epithelium, photoreceptors, or both. Regardless of the disease, it’s been recently found that increased release of proinflammatory cytokines and proliferation of active microglia result in a remarkably proinflammatory microenvironment that assists in the pathogenesis of the disease; however, many of the details of these inflammatory events have yet to be elucidated. In an ongoing study, we have used systems genetics to identify possible models of spontaneous polygenic age-related macular degeneration by mining the BXD family of mice using single nucleotide polymorphism analyses of known genes associated with the human retinal disease. One BXD strain (BXD32) was removed from the study as the rate of degeneration observed in these animals was markedly increased with a resultant loss of most all photoreceptors by 6 months of age. Using functional and anatomical exams including optokinetic nystamography, funduscopy, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography, along with immunohistochemical analyses, we show that the BXD32 mouse strain exhibits a severe neurodegenerative phenotype accompanied by adverse effects on the retinal vasculature. We also expose the concurrent establishment of a chronic proinflammatory microenvironment including the TNFα secretion and activation of the NF-κB and JAK/STAT pathways with an associated increase in activated macrophages and phagoptosis. We conclude that the induced neuronal death and proinflammatory pathways work synergistically in the disease pathogenesis to enhance the rate of degeneration in this spontaneous polygenic model of inherited retinal dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Hollingsworth
- Hamilton Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Xiangdi Wang
- Hamilton Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - William A White
- Hamilton Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Raven N Simpson
- Hamilton Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Monica M Jablonski
- Hamilton Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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11
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CD5L deficiency attenuate acetaminophen-induced liver damage in mice via regulation of JNK and ERK signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2021; 7:342. [PMID: 34750342 PMCID: PMC8575892 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00742-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CD5 molecule like (CD5L), a member of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain superfamily, plays a critical role in immune homeostasis and inflammatory disease. Acetaminophen (APAP) is a safe and effective antipyretic analgesic. However, overdose may cause liver damage or even liver failure. APAP hepatotoxicity is characterized by extensive necrotic cell death and a sterile inflammatory response, in which the role of CD5L remains to be investigated. In this study, we found that the expression of CD5L was increased in the livers of mice after APAP overdose. Furthermore, CD5L deficiency reduced the increase of alanine transaminase (ALT) level, histopathologic lesion area, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation level, Transferase-Mediated dUTP Nick End-Labeling positive (TUNEL+) cells proportion, vascular endothelial cell permeability and release of inflammatory cytokines induced by excess APAP. Therefore, our findings reveal that CD5L may be a potential therapeutic target for prevention and treatment of APAP-induced liver injury.
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12
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Multifaceted Roles of CD5L in Infectious and Sterile Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084076. [PMID: 33920819 PMCID: PMC8071174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CD5L, a protein expressed and secreted mainly by macrophages, is emerging as a critical immune effector. In addition to its well-defined function as an anti-apoptotic protein, research over the last decade has uncovered additional roles that range from pattern recognition to autophagy, cell polarization, and the regulation of lipid metabolism. By modulating all these processes, CD5L plays a key role in highly prevalent diseases that develop by either acute or chronic inflammation, including several infectious, metabolic, and autoimmune conditions. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of CD5L and focus on the relevance of this protein during infection- and sterile-driven inflammatory pathogenesis, highlighting its divergent roles in the modulation of inflammation.
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13
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The CD36 Ligand-Promoted Autophagy Protects Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells from Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6691402. [PMID: 33854697 PMCID: PMC8019622 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6691402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) performs many functions that maintain photoreceptor health. Oxidative damage to the RPE is a critical component in the pathogenesis of eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Ligands of the cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) have previously preserved photoreceptor integrity in mouse models of AMD. The cytoprotective effect of the CD36 ligand MPE-001 on RPE cells has now been elucidated employing a model of oxidative stress. Sodium iodate (NaIO3) induced formation of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis in human RPE cells, which were decreased by MPE-001 without affecting antioxidant enzyme transcription. Immunoblotting and immunostaining assays showed a restorative effect of MPE-001 on the autophagic flux disrupted by NaIO3, which was associated with an increase in syntaxin 17-positive mature autophagosomes. The cytoprotective effect of MPE-001 was completely abolished by the autophagy inhibitors wortmannin and bafilomycin A1. In conclusion, we report for the first time an autophagy-dependent protection of RPE cells from oxidative stress by a CD36 ligand.
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14
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The pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration is not inflammatory mediated but is instead due to immunosenescence-related failure of tissue repair. Med Hypotheses 2020; 146:110392. [PMID: 33246696 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A natural consequence of everyday tissue metabolism is cell injury or stress. This injury activates a canonical immune-mediated inflammatory response in order to achieve tissue repair so that homeostasis is maintained. With aging there is increased tissue injury and therefore increasing demands placed on an immune system, which itself is aging (immunosenescence). Thus, the increased reparative demands are reflected by an increased inflammatory load both locally and systemically. Eventually, if the reparative demands are excessive, the aging immune system is overwhelmed and disease ensues. In the macula this age-related failure in repair gives rise to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The hypothesis proposed herein is therefore, that AMD is due to age-related failure of tissue repair and the chronic inflammation associated with this failure ('inflammaging') is both a surrogate and biomarker of this reparative failure and not in itself the primary cause of disease. Such a hypothesis can be applied to all the diseases of aging and by extension suggests that effective therapies should be aimed at facilitating repair through immunotherapy, possibly and perhaps controversially, through the promotion of inflammation rather than the current approach of its inhibition (anti-inflammatory strategies), the latter which can ultimately only hinder the repair process and thereby lead to the persistence of disease.
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15
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Innate and Autoimmunity in the Pathogenesis of Inherited Retinal Dystrophy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030630. [PMID: 32151065 PMCID: PMC7140441 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies (RDs) are heterogenous in many aspects including genes involved, age of onset, rate of progression, and treatments. While RDs are caused by a plethora of different mutations, all result in the same outcome of blindness. While treatments, both gene therapy-based and drug-based, have been developed to slow or halt disease progression and prevent further blindness, only a small handful of the forms of RDs have treatments available, which are primarily for recessively inherited forms. Using immunohistochemical methods coupled with electroretinography, optical coherence tomography, and fluorescein angiography, we show that in rhodopsin mutant mice, the involvement of both the innate and the autoimmune systems could be a strong contributing factor in disease progression and pathogenesis. Herein, we show that monocytic phagocytosis and inflammatory cytokine release along with protein citrullination, a major player in forms of autoimmunity, work to enhance the progression of RD associated with a rhodopsin mutation.
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16
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Bárcena C, Aran G, Perea L, Sanjurjo L, Téllez É, Oncins A, Masnou H, Serra I, García-Gallo M, Kremer L, Sala M, Armengol C, Sancho-Bru P, Sarrias MR. CD5L is a pleiotropic player in liver fibrosis controlling damage, fibrosis and immune cell content. EBioMedicine 2019; 43:513-524. [PMID: 31076347 PMCID: PMC6558273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hepatic inflammation leads to liver fibrosis, which may progress to cirrhosis, a condition with high morbidity. Our aim was to assess the as yet unknown role of innate immunity protein CD5L in liver fibrosis. METHODS CD5L was measured by ELISA in plasma samples from cirrhotic (n = 63) and hepatitis (n = 39) patients, and healthy controls (n = 7), by immunohistochemistry in cirrhotic tissue (n = 12), and by quantitative RT-PCR in mouse liver cell subsets isolated by cell sorting. Recombinant CD5L (rCD5L) was administered into a murine model of CCl4-induced fibrosis, and damage, fibrosis and hepatic immune cell infiltration, including the LyC6hi (pro-fibrotic)-LyC6low (pro-resolutive) monocyte ratio were determined. Moreover, rCD5L was added into primary human hepatic stellate cells to study transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) activation responses. FINDINGS Cirrhotic patients showed elevated plasma CD5L concentrations as compared to patients with hepatitis and healthy controls (Mann-Whitney test p < 0·0001). Moreover, plasma CD5L correlated with disease progression, FIB4 fibrosis score (r:0·25, p < 0·0001) and tissue expression (r = 0·649; p = 0·022). Accordingly, CCl4-induced damage increased CD5L levels in total liver, particularly in hepatocytes and macrophages. rCD5L administration attenuated CCl4-induced injury and fibrosis as determined by reduced serum transaminase and collagen content. Moreover, rCD5L inhibited immune cell infiltration and promoted a phenotypic shift in monocytes from LyC6hi to LyC6low. Interestingly, rCD5L also had a direct effect on primary human hepatic stellate cells promoting SMAD7 expression, thus repressing TGFβ signalling. INTERPRETATION Our study identifies CD5L as a key pleiotropic inhibitor of chronic liver injury. FUND: Fundació Marató TV3, AGAUR and the ISCIII-EDRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bárcena
- Innate Immunity Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Gemma Aran
- Innate Immunity Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Luís Perea
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Sanjurjo
- Innate Immunity Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain; Network for Biomedical Research in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Érica Téllez
- Innate Immunity Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Anna Oncins
- Innate Immunity Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Helena Masnou
- Gastroenterology Dept., University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Isabel Serra
- Gastroenterology Dept., University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Mónica García-Gallo
- Protein Tools Unit and Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonor Kremer
- Protein Tools Unit and Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Sala
- Gastroenterology Dept., University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP), Badalona, Spain; Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Spain
| | - Carolina Armengol
- Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Spain; Childhood Liver Oncology Group, Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPCC), IGTP, Spain
| | - Pau Sancho-Bru
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Spain
| | - Maria-Rosa Sarrias
- Innate Immunity Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain; Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Spain.
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17
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Hollingsworth TJ, Radic MZ, Beranova-Giorgianni S, Giorgianni F, Wang Y, Iannaccone A. Murine Retinal Citrullination Declines With Age and is Mainly Dependent on Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase 4 (PAD4). Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:3808-3815. [PMID: 30073354 PMCID: PMC6074612 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Citrullination is a post-translational modification (PTM) that serves many normal physiological functions. Studies have shown that this PTM—along with expression of the catalyzing enzymes, peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADs)—are increased in autoimmune and age-related pathologies. PAD2 retinal expression has been previously documented in rat and human. Herein, we report on the expression levels and patterns of PAD2, PAD4, and retinal citrullination in the murine retina with age. Methods Wild-type (WT) and Pad4-/- (PAD4KO) mice ages 0.5, 0.75, 1, 3, 6, and 9 months were investigated after euthanasia and eye enucleation. Retinal lysates from 3-month-old mice were probed for PAD4 by western blot. Whole eyes were fixed, cryosectioned, and probed using an anti-PAD2/4 antibody (Ab), a specific anti-PAD4 Ab, and F95 anti-citrullinated peptide Ab. Fluorescent intensities were quantified with ImageJ. Results WT retinas show different levels of PAD4 expression in distinct retinal layers, with the most intense labeling in inner retinal layers, while PAD4KO mice lacked retinal PAD4. Using a nonspecific anti-PAD2/4 Ab, PAD reactivity observed in PAD4KO mice was attributed to PAD2. In WT, both PAD2 and PAD4 expression levels decrease significantly with age while low-level residual PAD2 expression was seen in PAD4KO mice. Citrullination levels in WT retinas paralleled PAD4 expression, with PAD4KO mice exhibiting consistently minimal citrullination. Conclusions Both PAD2 and PAD4 expression and citrullination decrease with age in the murine retina. However, in the absence of PAD4, retinal citrullination is nearly abolished, indicating that PAD4 is a main effector for retinal citrullination under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Hollingsworth
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Marko Z Radic
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Sarka Beranova-Giorgianni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Francesco Giorgianni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Yanming Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Alessandro Iannaccone
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Durham, North Carolina, United States
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Iannaccone A, Radic MZ. Increased Protein Citrullination as a Trigger for Resident Immune System Activation, Intraretinal Inflammation, and Promotion of Anti-retinal Autoimmunity: Intersecting Paths in Retinal Degenerations of Potential Therapeutic Relevance. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1185:175-179. [PMID: 31884608 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-27378-1_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We present evidence that protein citrullination, a proinflammatory and immune system-activating posttranslational modification (PTM) of arginine residues mediated by peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADs), is elevated in mouse models of retinal degenerations. Together with the fact that the animal models that we investigated (and their human counterparts) exhibit also anti-retinal autoantibodies, we propose that retinal citrullination is an immunogenic trigger that activates the immune system both locally and systemically, contributing to disease pathogenesis. Consistent with this possibility, we show that PAD compromise reduces the severity of Mertk-related retinal degeneration. Thus, PAD inhibition may be as a potential treatment strategy for retinal degenerations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marko Z Radic
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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19
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Rathnasamy G, Foulds WS, Ling EA, Kaur C. Retinal microglia - A key player in healthy and diseased retina. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 173:18-40. [PMID: 29864456 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain and retina, are constantly engaged in the surveillance of their surrounding neural tissue. During embryonic development they infiltrate the retinal tissues and participate in the phagocytosis of redundant neurons. The contribution of microglia in maintaining the purposeful and functional histo-architecture of the adult retina is indispensable. Within the retinal microenvironment, robust microglial activation is elicited by subtle changes caused by extrinsic and intrinsic factors. When there is a disturbance in the cell-cell communication between microglia and other retinal cells, for example in retinal injury, the activated microglia can manifest actions that can be detrimental. This is evidenced by activated microglia secreting inflammatory mediators that can further aggravate the retinal injury. Microglial activation as a harbinger of a variety of retinal diseases is well documented by many studies. In addition, a change in the microglial phenotype which may be associated with aging, may predispose the retina to age-related diseases. In light of the above, the focus of this review is to highlight the role played by microglia in the healthy and diseased retina, based on findings of our own work and from that of others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurugirijha Rathnasamy
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Blk MD10, 4 Medical Drive, National University of Singapore, 117594, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, United States
| | - Wallace S Foulds
- Singapore Eye Research Institute Level 6, The Academia, Discovery Tower, 20 College Road, 169856, Singapore; University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Eng-Ang Ling
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Blk MD10, 4 Medical Drive, National University of Singapore, 117594, Singapore
| | - Charanjit Kaur
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Blk MD10, 4 Medical Drive, National University of Singapore, 117594, Singapore.
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Sanjurjo L, Aran G, Téllez É, Amézaga N, Armengol C, López D, Prats C, Sarrias MR. CD5L Promotes M2 Macrophage Polarization through Autophagy-Mediated Upregulation of ID3. Front Immunol 2018; 9:480. [PMID: 29593730 PMCID: PMC5858086 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CD5L (CD5 molecule-like) is a secreted glycoprotein that controls key mechanisms in inflammatory responses, with involvement in processes such as infection, atherosclerosis, and cancer. In macrophages, CD5L promotes an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile in response to TLR activation. In the present study, we questioned whether CD5L is able to influence human macrophage plasticity, and drive its polarization toward any specific phenotype. We compared CD5L-induced phenotypic and functional changes to those caused by IFN/LPS, IL4, and IL10 in human monocytes. Phenotypic markers were quantified by RT-qPCR and flow cytometry, and a mathematical algorithm was built for their analysis. Moreover, we compared ROS production, phagocytic capacity, and inflammatory responses to LPS. CD5L drove cells toward a polarization similar to that induced by IL10. Furthermore, IL10- and CD5L-treated macrophages showed increased LC3-II content and colocalization with acidic compartments, thereby pointing to the enhancement of autophagy-dependent processes. Accordingly, siRNA targeting ATG7 in THP1 cells blocked CD5L-induced CD163 and Mer tyrosine kinase mRNA and efferocytosis. In these cells, gene expression profiling and validation indicated the upregulation of the transcription factor ID3 by CD5L through ATG7. In agreement, ID3 silencing reversed polarization by CD5L. Our data point to a significant contribution of CD5L-mediated autophagy to the induction of ID3 and provide the first evidence that CD5L drives macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Sanjurjo
- Innate Immunity Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute (IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
- Network for Biomedical Research in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Aran
- Innate Immunity Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute (IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Érica Téllez
- Innate Immunity Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute (IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Amézaga
- Innate Immunity Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute (IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Armengol
- Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Childhood Liver Oncology Group, Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPCC), Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Daniel López
- Departament de Física, Escola Superior d’Agricultura de Barcelona, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya – BarcelonaTech Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Prats
- Departament de Física, Escola Superior d’Agricultura de Barcelona, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya – BarcelonaTech Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Rosa Sarrias
- Innate Immunity Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute (IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
- Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Aran G, Sanjurjo L, Barcena C, Simon‐Coma M, Téllez É, Vázquez‐Vitali M, Garrido M, Guerra L, Díaz E, Ojanguren I, Elortza F, Planas R, Sala M, Armengol C, Sarrias M. CD5L is upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and promotes liver cancer cell proliferation and antiapoptotic responses by binding to HSPA5 (GRP78). FASEB J 2018; 32:3878-3891. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700941rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Aran
- Innate Immunity GroupHealth Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP)BadalonaSpain
| | - Lucía Sanjurjo
- Innate Immunity GroupHealth Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP)BadalonaSpain
- Network for Biomédical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)MadridSpain
| | - Cristina Barcena
- Innate Immunity GroupHealth Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP)BadalonaSpain
| | - Marina Simon‐Coma
- Childhood Liver Oncology GroupProgram of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPCC)IGTPBadalonaSpain
- Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD)Spain
| | - Érica Téllez
- Innate Immunity GroupHealth Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP)BadalonaSpain
| | - Maria Vázquez‐Vitali
- Childhood Liver Oncology GroupProgram of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPCC)IGTPBadalonaSpain
| | - Marta Garrido
- Pathology DepartmentVall D'Hebron HospitalBarcelonaSpain
| | - Laura Guerra
- Pathology DepartmentHospital Universitario La PazMadridSpain
| | - Esther Díaz
- Pathology DepartmentJosep Trueta HospitalGironaSpain
| | - Isabel Ojanguren
- Pathology DepartmentHospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital (HUGTiP)BadalonaSpain
| | - Felix Elortza
- Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD)Spain
- Proteomics PlatformCenter for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE)DerioSpain
| | - Ramon Planas
- Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD)Spain
- Gastroenterology DepartmentHospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital (HUGTiP)BadalonaSpain
| | - Margarita Sala
- Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD)Spain
- Gastroenterology DepartmentHospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital (HUGTiP)BadalonaSpain
| | - Carolina Armengol
- Childhood Liver Oncology GroupProgram of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPCC)IGTPBadalonaSpain
- Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD)Spain
| | - Maria‐Rosa Sarrias
- Innate Immunity GroupHealth Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP)BadalonaSpain
- Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD)Spain
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Madeira MH, Rashid K, Ambrósio AF, Santiago AR, Langmann T. Blockade of microglial adenosine A2A receptor impacts inflammatory mechanisms, reduces ARPE-19 cell dysfunction and prevents photoreceptor loss in vitro. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2272. [PMID: 29396515 PMCID: PMC5797099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20733-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is characterized by pathological changes in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and loss of photoreceptors. Growing evidence has demonstrated that reactive microglial cells trigger RPE dysfunction and loss of photoreceptors, and inflammasome pathways and complement activation contribute to AMD pathogenesis. We and others have previously shown that adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) blockade prevents microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory processes and mediates protection to the retina. However, it is still unknown whether blocking A2AR in microglia protects against the pathological features of AMD. Herein, we show that an A2AR antagonist, SCH58261, prevents the upregulation of the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and the alterations in the complement system triggered by an inflammatory challenge in human microglial cells. Furthermore, blockade of A2AR in microglia decreases the inflammatory response, as well as complement and inflammasome activation, in ARPE-19 cells exposed to conditioned medium of activated microglia. Finally, we also show that blocking A2AR in human microglia increases the clearance of apoptotic photoreceptors. This study opens the possibility of using selective A2AR antagonists in therapy for AMD, by modulating the interplay between microglia, RPE and photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Madeira
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - K Rashid
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - A F Ambrósio
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A R Santiago
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - T Langmann
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Xu Z, Lee A, Nouwens A, Henderson RD, McCombe PA. Mass spectrometry analysis of plasma from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and control subjects. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2018; 19:362-376. [PMID: 29384411 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2018.1433689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry was used to study blood samples from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and healthy controls. Addenbrooke's cognitive examination-III (ACE-III) was used to test for cognitive impairment (CI). Nano liquid chromatography and time of flight mass spectrometry (MS) were performed on samples from 42 ALS patients and 18 healthy controls. SWATH™ proteomic analysis was utilized to look for differences between groups. Western blot analysis was used to study levels of 4 proteins, selected as being of possible interest in ALS, in the MS discovery cohort and a second validation group of 10 ALS patients and 10 healthy controls. INGENUITY PATHWAY ANALYSIS (IPA) was applied to the final proteomic data. Between ALS patients and controls, there were significant differences in the expression of 30 proteins. Between controls and ALS patients without CI, there were significant differences in 15 proteins. Between controls and ALS patients with CI, there were significant differences in 32 proteins. Changes in levels of gelsolin, clusterin, and CD5L were validated by using western blot analysis in the discovery cohort. Changes in the expression of gelsolin, clusterin, and ficolin 3 were replicated in a validation group. In ALS, the LXR/RXR and coagulation pathways were downregulated whereas the complement pathway was upregulated. The proteomic data were used to produce two new networks, centered on IL1 and on NFkB, which showed altered levels in ALS. This study highlights the usefulness of MS of blood samples as a tool to study ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouwei Xu
- a The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
| | - Aven Lee
- a The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
| | - Amanda Nouwens
- b School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences , University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia , and
| | - Robert David Henderson
- c Department of Neurology , Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
| | - Pamela Ann McCombe
- a The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
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