1
|
Değirmenci MFK, Yalçındağ FN, İdil ŞA. Evaluation and comparison of microperimetry and optical coherence tomography findings in patients with Behçet uveitis. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:23. [PMID: 38324174 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-02928-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate and compare the findings of MP and OCT in patients with inactive Behçet's uveitis (BU). METHODS Sixty-five eyes of 38 patients were included in this retrospective study. Ophthalmologic examination findings and OCT and MP results were recorded. The relationship between best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), duration of uveitis, central macular thickness (CMT), presence of photoreceptor zone (PZ), and/or retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) damage, macular integrity index, mean threshold and fixation stability was analyzed. RESULTS There was a positive correlation between BCVA and CMT (p < 0.001). The eyes with PZ and/or RPE damage had significantly lower visual acuity (p < 0.001). There was a negative correlation between BCVA and macular integrity index (p = 0.005). BCVA showed positive correlations with mean threshold and fixation stability [(BCVA vs. mean threshold, p < 0.001), (BCVA vs. P1, p < 0.001), and (BCVA vs. P2, p < 0.001)]. While there was no significant correlation between CMT and macular integrity index (p = 0.08), both mean threshold and fixation stability were significantly positively correlated with CMT [(CMT vs. mean threshold, p = 0.01), (CMT vs. P1, p = 0.008), and (CMT vs. P2, p = 0.005)]. Mean threshold and fixation stability (P1 and P2) were significantly lower in the eyes with PZ and/or RPE damage (p = 0.008, p = 0.02, and p = 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION MP showed results consistent with visual acuity and morphological findings by OCT in patients with inactive BU. Although MP is promising for patient follow-up, controlled prospective studies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - F Nilüfer Yalçındağ
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ş Aysun İdil
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sazhnyev Y, Sin TN, Ma A, Chang E, Huynh L, Roszak K, Park S, Choy K, Farsiu S, Moshiri A, Thomasy SM, Yiu G. Choroidal Changes in Rhesus Macaques in Aging and Age-Related Drusen. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:44. [PMID: 37773500 PMCID: PMC10547013 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.12.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Choroidal vascular changes occur with normal aging and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Here, we evaluate choroidal thickness and vascularity in aged rhesus macaques to better understand the choroid's role in this nonhuman primate model of AMD. Methods We analyzed optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of 244 eyes from 122 rhesus macaques (aged 4-32 years) to measure choroidal thickness (CT) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI). Drusen number, size, and volume were measured by semiautomated annotation and segmentation of OCT images. We performed regression analyses to determine any association of CT or CVI with age, sex, and axial length and to determine if the presence and volume of soft drusen impacted these choroidal parameters. Results In rhesus macaques, subfoveal CT decreased with age at 3.2 µm/y (R2 = 0.481, P < 0.001), while CVI decreased at 0.66% per year (R2 = 0.257, P < 0.001). Eyes with soft drusen exhibited thicker choroid (179.9 ± 17.5 µm vs. 162.0 ± 27.9 µm, P < 0.001) and higher CVI (0.612 ± 0.051 vs. 0.577 ± 0.093, P = 0.005) than age-matched control animals. Neither CT or CVI appeared to be associated with drusen number, size, or volume in this cohort. However, some drusen in macaques were associated with underlying choroidal vessel enlargement resembling pachydrusen in human patients with AMD. Conclusions Changes in the choroidal vasculature in rhesus macaques resemble choroidal changes in human aging, but eyes with drusen exhibit choroidal thickening, increased vascularity, and phenotypic characteristics of pachydrusen observed in some patients with AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yevgeniy Sazhnyev
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, California Northstate University, College of Medicine, Elk Grove, California, United States
| | - Tzu-Ni Sin
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States
| | - Anthony Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, California Northstate University, College of Medicine, Elk Grove, California, United States
| | - Ellie Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States
| | - Leon Huynh
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States
| | - Karolina Roszak
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States
| | - Sangwan Park
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States
| | - Kevin Choy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Sina Farsiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Ala Moshiri
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States
| | - Sara M. Thomasy
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States
| | - Glenn Yiu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sin TN, Kim S, Li Y, Wang J, Chen R, Chung SH, Kim S, Casanova MI, Park S, Smit-McBride Z, Sun N, Pomerantz O, Roberts JA, Guan B, Hufnagel RB, Moshiri A, Thomasy SM, Sieving PA, Yiu G. A Spontaneous Nonhuman Primate Model of Myopic Foveoschisis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:18. [PMID: 36689233 PMCID: PMC9896856 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.1.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Foveoschisis involves the pathologic splitting of retinal layers at the fovea, which may occur congenitally in X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) or as an acquired complication of myopia. XLRS is attributed to functional loss of the retinal adhesion protein retinoschisin 1 (RS1), but the pathophysiology of myopic foveoschisis is unclear due to the lack of animal models. Here, we characterized a novel nonhuman primate model of myopic foveoschisis through clinical examination and multimodal imaging followed by morphologic, cellular, and transcriptional profiling of retinal tissues and genetic analysis. Methods We identified a rhesus macaque with behavioral and anatomic features of myopic foveoschisis, and monitored disease progression over 14 months by fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT). After necropsy, we evaluated anatomic and cellular changes by immunohistochemistry and transcriptomic changes using single-nuclei RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq). Finally, we performed Sanger and whole exome sequencing with focus on the RS1 gene. Results Affected eyes demonstrated posterior hyaloid traction and progressive splitting of the outer plexiform layer on OCT. Immunohistochemistry showed increased GFAP expression in Müller glia and loss of ramified Iba-1+ microglia, suggesting macro- and microglial activation with minimal photoreceptor alterations. SnRNA-seq revealed gene expression changes predominantly in cones and retinal ganglion cells involving chromatin modification, suggestive of cellular stress at the fovea. No defects in the RS1 gene or its expression were detected. Conclusions This nonhuman primate model of foveoschisis reveals insights into how acquired myopic traction leads to phenotypically similar morphologic and cellular changes as congenital XLRS without alterations in RS1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ni Sin
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Sangbae Kim
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Yumei Li
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Sook Hyun Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
- Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - M. Isabel Casanova
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
- Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Sangwan Park
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
- Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Zeljka Smit-McBride
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Ori Pomerantz
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Roberts
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California, United States
| | - Bin Guan
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Robert B. Hufnagel
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Ala Moshiri
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Sara M. Thomasy
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
- Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Paul A. Sieving
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Glenn Yiu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ablordeppey RK, Lin C, Benavente-Perez A. The age-related pattern of inner retinal thickening is affected by myopia development and progression. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22190. [PMID: 36564498 PMCID: PMC9789149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26598-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The longitudinal effect of myopic eye growth on each individual retinal layer has not been described to date on an established non-human primate (NHP) model of myopia. We evaluated the changes experienced by the overall and individual central and mid-peripheral retinal thickness profiles in marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) induced with myopia continuously for 5.5 months compared to controls using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Cycloplegic refractive state (Rx), vitreous chamber depth (VCD) and retinal thickness were measured at baseline and after 3 and 5.5 months on thirteen marmosets: eight animals with lens-induced myopia and five untreated controls. The overall and individual retinal layer thickness in the central and mid-peripheral retina were obtained and compared between groups. Regression models were used to explore the extent to which VCD or Rx changes could predict the thickness changes observed. While the retinas of control marmosets thickened significantly over 5.5 months, marmosets with lens-induced myopia experienced less retinal thickening and thinning at times, mostly in the inner neuroretinal layers and the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer. The regression models suggest that 90% of the growth and refractive changes observed could be predicted by the thickness changes in the near to mid peripheral retina. This study confirms the longitudinal effect that myopia has on the inner retina of a NHP model during the early stages of myopia development. The observed myopia-driven differences in inner retina thickness templates might represent early biomarkers of myopia progression and associated complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reynolds Kwame Ablordeppey
- grid.410412.20000 0004 0384 8998Department of Biological and Vision Sciences, College of Optometry, State University of New York, 33 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036 USA
| | - Carol Lin
- grid.410412.20000 0004 0384 8998Department of Biological and Vision Sciences, College of Optometry, State University of New York, 33 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036 USA
| | - Alexandra Benavente-Perez
- grid.410412.20000 0004 0384 8998Department of Biological and Vision Sciences, College of Optometry, State University of New York, 33 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036 USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Meleppat RK, Fortenbach CR, Jian Y, Martinez ES, Wagner K, Modjtahedi BS, Motta MJ, Ramamurthy DL, Schwab IR, Zawadzki RJ. In Vivo Imaging of Retinal and Choroidal Morphology and Vascular Plexuses of Vertebrates Using Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:11. [PMID: 35972433 PMCID: PMC9396679 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.8.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To perform in vivo evaluation of the structural morphology and vascular plexuses of the neurosensory retina and choroid across vertebrate species using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and SS-OCT angiography (SS-OCTA) imaging. Methods A custom-built SS-OCT system with an incorporated flexible imaging arm was used to acquire the three-dimensional (3D) retinal OCT and vascular OCTA data of five different vertebrates: a mouse (C57BL/6J), a rat (Long Evans), a gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica), a white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus), and a great horned owl (Bubo virginianus). Results In vivo structural morphology of the retina and choroid, as well as en face OCTA images of retinal and choroidal vasculature of all species were generated. The retinal morphology and vascular plexuses were similar between rat and mouse, whereas distinct choroidal and paired superficial vessels were observed in the opossum retina. The retinal and vascular structure of the sturgeon, as well as the pecten oculi and overlying the avascular and choroidal vasculature in the owl retina are reported in vivo. Conclusions A high-quality two-dimensional and 3D in vivo visualization of the retinal structures and en face visualization of the retina and choroidal vascular plexus of vertebrates was possible. Our studies affirm that SS-OCT and SS-OCTA are viable methods for evaluating the in vivo retinal and choroidal structure across terrestrial, aquatic, and aerial vertebrates. Translational Relevance In vivo characterization of retinal morphology and vasculature plexus of multiple species using SS-OCT and SS-OCTA imaging can increase the pool of species available as models of human retinal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ratheesh K Meleppat
- UC Davis Eyepod Imaging Laboratory, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Christopher R Fortenbach
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Yifan Jian
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Esteban Soto Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Karen Wagner
- Department of Entomology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Bobeck S Modjtahedi
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Department of Clinical Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Monica J Motta
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Deepa L Ramamurthy
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ivan R Schwab
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Robert J Zawadzki
- UC Davis Eyepod Imaging Laboratory, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang X, Li M, Li B, Liao N, Wei Z, Gao J, Sun Y, Chen J, Rao J, Wen F. Ageing fundus degenerations of Macaca fascicularis on multi-modal imaging and histopathology: Similarities and differences compared to human. Exp Eye Res 2022; 220:109126. [PMID: 35618041 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
To characterize the ageing fundus degenerations in Macaca fascicularis, we used multimodal imaging including color fundus photograph, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence, fundus fluorescence angiography, and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) to survey and track fundus changes of 84 Macaca fascicularis, ranging from 5 to 24 years old over 2 years, and followed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and immunofluorescence (IF) staining. The Macaca fascicularis in our cohort showed ageing characteristics different from human, including the more common yellow dot maculopathy, the unique appearance of patchy hyperautoflurescence, and the absence of subretinal drusenoid deposit, basal laminar deposit, geographic atrophy or choroidal neovascularization. Same with human, hard drusen, soft drusen, atherosclerosis, tessellated retina, staining of vessels in peripheral choroid on late-phase ICGA, and peripheral hard drusen were detected. HE and IF staining suggested the patchy hyperautoflurescence to be drusenoid deposits. BMI were significantly higher in the Macaca fascicularis with yellow dot maculopathy and hard drusen, compared to the ones without (p < 0.05). Our study reveals fundus degenerations that develop with ageing in the nonhuman primate of Macaca fascicularis. Their differences and similarities compared to human worth notice by future translational research in degenerative fundus diseases, especially age-related macular degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiongze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaoling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bihai Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nanying Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wei
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jiangmei Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunxiao Sun
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhuan Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Junhua Rao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Feng Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Song HH, Thoreson WB, Dong P, Shokrollahi Y, Gu L, Suh DW. Exploring the Vitreoretinal Interface: a Key Instigator of Unique Retinal Hemorrhage Patterns in Pediatric Head Trauma. KOREAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2022; 36:253-263. [PMID: 35527527 PMCID: PMC9194735 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2021.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Various types of trauma can cause retinal hemorrhages in children, including accidental and nonaccidental head trauma. We used animal eyes and a finite element model of the eye to examine stress patterns produced during purely linear and angular accelerations, along with stresses attained during simulated repetitive shaking of an infant. Methods Using sheep and primate eyes, sclerotomy windows were created by removing the sclera, choroid, and retinal pigment epithelium to expose the retina. A nanofiber square was glued to a 5 mm2 area of retina. The square was pulled and separated from vitreous while force was measured. A finite element model of the pediatric eye was used to computationally measure tension stresses during shaking. Results In both sheep and primate eyes, tension stress required for separation of retina from vitreous range from 1 to 5 kPa. Tension stress generated at the vitreoretinal interface predicted by the computer simulation ranged from 3 to 16 kPa during a cycle of shaking. Linear acceleration generated lower tension stress than angular acceleration. Angular acceleration generated maximal tension stress along the retinal vasculature. Linear acceleration produced more diffuse force distribution centered at the poster pole. Conclusions The finite element model predicted that tension stress attained at the retina during forcible shaking of an eye can exceed the minimum threshold needed to produce vitreoretinal separation as measured in animal eyes. Furthermore, the results show that movements that involve significant angular acceleration produce strong stresses localized along the vasculature, whereas linear acceleration produces weaker, more diffuse stress centered towards the posterior pole of the eye.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen H Song
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Truhlsen Eye Institute, Omaha, NE
| | - Wallace B Thoreson
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Truhlsen Eye Institute, Omaha, NE
| | - Pengfei Dong
- Florida Institute of Technology, Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Melbourne, FL
| | - Yasin Shokrollahi
- Florida Institute of Technology, Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Melbourne, FL
| | - Linxia Gu
- Florida Institute of Technology, Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Melbourne, FL
| | - Donny W Suh
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Truhlsen Eye Institute, Omaha, NE.,Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ni S, Khan S, Nguyen TTP, Ng R, Lujan BJ, Tan O, Huang D, Jian Y. Volumetric directional optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:950-961. [PMID: 35284155 PMCID: PMC8884206 DOI: 10.1364/boe.447882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photoreceptor loss and resultant thinning of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) is an important pathological feature of retinal degenerations and may serve as a useful imaging biomarker for age-related macular degeneration. However, the demarcation between the ONL and the adjacent Henle's fiber layer (HFL) is difficult to visualize with standard optical coherence tomography (OCT). A dedicated OCT system that can precisely control and continuously and synchronously update the imaging beam entry points during scanning has not been realized yet. In this paper, we introduce a novel imaging technology, Volumetric Directional OCT (VD-OCT), which can dynamically adjust the incident beam on the pupil without manual adjustment during a volumetric OCT scan. We also implement a customized spoke-circular scanning pattern to observe the appearance of HFL with sufficient optical contrast in continuous cross-sectional scans through the entire volume. The application of VD-OCT for retinal imaging to exploit directional reflectivity properties of tissue layers has the potential to allow for early identification of retinal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuibin Ni
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Shanjida Khan
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Thanh-Tin P. Nguyen
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Ringo Ng
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Brandon J. Lujan
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Ou Tan
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - David Huang
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Yifan Jian
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Choi KE, Anh VTQ, Yun C, Kim YJ, Jung H, Eom H, Shin D, Kim SW. Normative Data of Ocular Biometry, Optical Coherence Tomography, and Electrophysiology Conducted for Cynomolgus Macaque Monkeys. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:14. [PMID: 34757392 PMCID: PMC8590181 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.13.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To present normative data of optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters, electrophysiological tests, and optical biometry conducted for cynomolgus monkeys. Methods Multimodal examinations were performed for 11 adult cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis, weighing 2.6–7.5 kg, aged 45–99 months). A-scan biometry was performed to measure ocular biometry. OCT images were obtained at 30° and 55°. After the pupils were fully dilated, electroretinogram (ERG) and visual evoked potentials (VEP) were recorded with a commercial system using a contact lens electrode. Results All cynomolgus monkeys were males. The mean axial length was 17.92 ± 0.34 mm. The central total retinal layer (TRL) and subfoveal choroidal thicknesses were 286.27 ± 18.43 and 234.73 ± 53.93 µm, respectively. The TRL and nerve fiber layer thickness was greater in the nasal than in other quadrants in the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study circle in the macula. Peripheral TRL and ganglion cell complex thickness on the temporal outside the vascular arcades were lower than on the other sides. The peak latency of a-wave and b-wave in scotopic and photopic 3.0 ERG was 14.78 ± 1.00 and 32.89 ± 1.81 ms, and 12.91 ± 1.03 and 31.79 ± 2.16 ms, respectively. The n2 wave peak latency of VEP was 15.21 ± 8.07 ms. The a-wave peak latency of ERG and the n2 wave peak latency of VEP negatively correlated with age. Conclusions The normative ocular biometric, electrophysiological test, and OCT parametric data of cynomolgus monkeys could serve as reference values for further preclinical studies. Translational Relevance We present normative data of cynomolgus monkeys’ eyes, an adequate animal model for preclinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Eon Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Vu Thi Que Anh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Cheolmin Yun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Jin Kim
- Medical Device Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Hachul Jung
- Medical Device Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Heejong Eom
- Laboratory Animal Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Dongkwan Shin
- Laboratory Animal Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Seong-Woo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Booler HS, Lejeune T, Sorden S, Gruebbel MM, Schafer KA, Short B, Farman C, Ramos MF, Bennet B, Yekkala K, Atzpodien EA, Turner OC, Brassard J, Foley G. Scientific and Regulatory Policy Committee Points to Consider: Fixation, Trimming, and Sectioning of Nonrodent Eyes and Ocular Tissues for Examination in Ocular and General Toxicity Studies. Toxicol Pathol 2021; 50:235-251. [PMID: 34693851 DOI: 10.1177/01926233211047562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A Working Group of the Society of Toxicologic Pathology's Scientific and Regulatory Policy Committee conducted a technical and scientific review of current practices relating to the fixation, trimming, and sectioning of the nonrodent eye to identify key points and species-specific anatomical landmarks to consider when preparing and evaluating eyes of rabbits, dogs, minipigs, and nonhuman primates from ocular and general toxicity studies. The topics addressed in this Points to Consider article include determination of situations when more comprehensive evaluation of the globe and/or associated extraocular tissues should be implemented (expanded ocular sampling), and what constitutes expanded ocular sampling. In addition, this manuscript highlights the practical aspects of fixing, trimming, and sectioning the eye to ensure adequate histopathological evaluation of all major ocular structures, including the cone-dense areas (visual streak/macula/fovea) of the retina for rabbits, dogs, minipigs, and nonhuman primates, which is a current regulatory expectation for ocular toxicity studies.[Box: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen S Booler
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Margarita M Gruebbel
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc. (EPL, Inc.), Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Brian Short
- Brian Short Consulting, LLC, Laguna Beach, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Krishna Yekkala
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Elke-Astrid Atzpodien
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver C Turner
- Novartis, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Preclinical Safety, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Maloca PM, Seeger C, Booler H, Valmaggia P, Kawamoto K, Kaba Q, Inglin N, Balaskas K, Egan C, Tufail A, Scholl HPN, Hasler PW, Denk N. Uncovering of intraspecies macular heterogeneity in cynomolgus monkeys using hybrid machine learning optical coherence tomography image segmentation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20647. [PMID: 34667265 PMCID: PMC8526684 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fovea is a depression in the center of the macula and is the site of the highest visual acuity. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has contributed considerably in elucidating the pathologic changes in the fovea and is now being considered as an accompanying imaging method in drug development, such as antivascular endothelial growth factor and its safety profiling. Because animal numbers are limited in preclinical studies and automatized image evaluation tools have not yet been routinely employed, essential reference data describing the morphologic variations in macular thickness in laboratory cynomolgus monkeys are sparse to nonexistent. A hybrid machine learning algorithm was applied for automated OCT image processing and measurements of central retina thickness and surface area values. Morphological variations and the effects of sex and geographical origin were determined. Based on our findings, the fovea parameters are specific to the geographic origin. Despite morphological similarities among cynomolgus monkeys, considerable variations in the foveolar contour, even within the same species but from different geographic origins, were found. The results of the reference database show that not only the entire retinal thickness, but also the macular subfields, should be considered when designing preclinical studies and in the interpretation of foveal data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Maloca
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland. .,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), 4031, Basel, Switzerland. .,Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, EC1V 2PD, UK.
| | - Christine Seeger
- Preclinical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoffmann-La Roche, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Helen Booler
- Preclinical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoffmann-La Roche, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Valmaggia
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ken Kawamoto
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Qayim Kaba
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Nadja Inglin
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Catherine Egan
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Adnan Tufail
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Hendrik P N Scholl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal W Hasler
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nora Denk
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), 4031, Basel, Switzerland.,Preclinical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoffmann-La Roche, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu YV, Konar G, Aziz K, Tun SBB, Hua CHE, Tan B, Tian J, Luu CD, Barathi VA, Singh MS. Localized Structural and Functional Deficits in a Nonhuman Primate Model of Outer Retinal Atrophy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:8. [PMID: 34643661 PMCID: PMC8525844 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.13.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cell-based therapy development for geographic atrophy (GA) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is hampered by the paucity of models of localized photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) degeneration. We aimed to characterize the structural and functional deficits in a laser-induced nonhuman primate model, including an analysis of the choroid. Methods Macular laser photocoagulation was applied in four macaques. Fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), dye angiography, and OCT-angiography were conducted over 4.5 months, with histological correlation. Longitudinal changes in spatially resolved macular dysfunction were measured using multifocal electroretinography (MFERG). Results Lesion features, depending on laser settings, included photoreceptor layer degeneration, inner retinal sparing, skip lesions, RPE elevation, and neovascularization. The intralesional choroid was degenerated. The normalized mean MFERG amplitude within lesions was consistently lower than control regions (0.94 ± 0.35 vs. 1.10 ± 0.27, P = 0.032 at month 1, 0.67 ± 0.22 vs. 0.83 ± 0.15, P = 0.0002 at month 2, and 0.97 ± 0.31 vs. 1.20 ± 0.21, P < 0.0001 at month 3.5). The intertest variation of mean MFERG amplitudes in rings 1 to 5 ranged from 13.0% to 26.0% in normal eyes. Conclusions Laser application in this model caused localized outer retinal, RPE, and choriocapillaris loss. Localized dysfunction was apparent by MFERG in the first month after lesion induction. Correlative structure-function testing may be useful for research on the functional effects of stem cell-based therapy for GA. MFERG amplitude data should be interpreted in the context of relatively high intertest variability of the rings that correspond to the central macula. Sustained choroidal insufficiency may limit long-term subretinal graft viability in this model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying V Liu
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Gregory Konar
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Kanza Aziz
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Sai Bo Bo Tun
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Candice Ho Ee Hua
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bingyao Tan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore.,SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
| | - Chi D Luu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria, Australia.,Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Veluchamy A Barathi
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore.,Academic Clinical Program in Ophthalmology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mandeep S Singh
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lin KH, Tran T, Kim S, Park S, Stout JT, Chen R, Rogers J, Yiu G, Thomasy S, Moshiri A. Advanced Retinal Imaging and Ocular Parameters of the Rhesus Macaque Eye. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:7. [PMID: 34111251 PMCID: PMC8107642 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.6.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the range of normal ocular biometry and perform advanced retinal imaging and functional assessment of the rhesus macaque eye. Methods We performed ocular phenotyping on rhesus macaques at the California National Primate Research Center. This process consisted of anterior and posterior segment eye examination by ophthalmologists, advanced retinal imaging, and functional retinal electrophysiology. Results Full eye examinations were performed on 142 animals, consisting of pupillary light reflex, tonometry, external examination and photography, anterior slit lamp examination, and posterior segment examination by indirect ophthalmoscopy. Ages of the rhesus macaques ranged from 0.7 to 29 years (mean, 16.4 ± 7.5 years). Anterior segment measurements such as intraocular pressure (n = 142), corneal thickness (n = 84), lens thickness (n = 114), and axial length (n = 114) were acquired. Advanced retinal imaging in the form of fundus photography (n = 78), optical coherence tomography (n = 60), and quantitative autofluorescence (n = 44) was obtained. Electroretinography (n = 75) was used to assay retinal function. Quantitative analyses of the macular structure, retinal layer segmentation, and rod and cone photoreceptor electrical responses are reported. Quantitative assessments were made and variations between sexes were analyzed to compare with established sex changes in human eyes. Conclusions The rhesus macaque has an ocular structure and function very similar to that of the human eye. In particular macular structure and retinal function is very similar to humans, making this species particularly useful for the study of macular biology and development of therapies for cone photoreceptor disorders. Translational Relevance Rhesus macaques are an ideal model for future vision science studies of human eye diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kira H Lin
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Tu Tran
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sangwan Park
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - J Timothy Stout
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rui Chen
- Human Genome Sequencing Center and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey Rogers
- Human Genome Sequencing Center and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Glenn Yiu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Sara Thomasy
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ala Moshiri
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang T, Kho AM, Yiu G, Srinivasan VJ. Visible Light Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Quantifies Subcellular Contributions to Outer Retinal Band 4. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:30. [PMID: 34003965 PMCID: PMC7998011 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.3.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To use visible light optical coherence tomography (OCT) to investigate subcellular reflectivity contributions to the outermost (4th) of the retinal hyperreflective bands visualized by current clinical near-infrared (NIR) OCT. Methods Visible light OCT, with 1.0 µm axial resolution, was performed in 28 eyes of 19 human subjects (21-57 years old) without history of ocular pathology. Two foveal and three extrafoveal hyperreflective zones were consistently depicted within band 4 in all eyes. The two outermost hyperreflective bands, occasionally visualized by NIR OCT, were presumed to be the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Bruch's membrane (BM). RPE thickness, BM thickness, and RPE interior reflectivity were quantified topographically across the macula. Results A method for correcting RPE multiple scattering tails was found to both improve the Gaussian goodness-of-fit for the BM intensity profile and reduce the coefficient of variation of BM thickness in vivo. No major topographical differences in macular BM thickness were noted. RPE thickness decreased with increasing eccentricity. Visible light OCT signal intensity in the RPE was weighted to the apical side and attenuated more across the RPE in the fovea than peripherally. Conclusions Morphometry of the presumed RPE and BM bands is consistent with known anatomy. Weighting of RPE reflectivity toward the apical side suggests that melanosomes are the predominant contributors to RPE backscattering and signal attenuation in young eyes. Translational Relevance By enabling morphometric analysis of the RPE and BM, visible light OCT deciphers the main reflectivity contributions to outer retinal band 4, commonly visualized by commercial OCT systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingwei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Aaron M. Kho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Glenn Yiu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California Davis, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Vivek J. Srinivasan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California Davis, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
- Tech4Health Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tran TM, Kim S, Lin KH, Chung SH, Park S, Sazhnyev Y, Wang Y, Cunefare D, Farsiu S, Thomasy SM, Moshiri A, Yiu G. Quantitative Fundus Autofluorescence in Rhesus Macaques in Aging and Age-Related Drusen. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:16. [PMID: 32663290 PMCID: PMC7425688 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.8.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To employ quantitative fundus autofluorescence (qAF) imaging in rhesus macaques to noninvasively assess retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) lipofuscin in nonhuman primates (NHPs) as a model of aging and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods The qAF imaging was performed on eyes of 26 rhesus macaques (mean age 18.8 ± 8.2 years, range 4–27 years) with normal-appearing fundus or with age-related soft drusen using a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope with 488 nm excitation and an internal fluorescence reference. Eyes with soft drusen also underwent spectral-domain optical coherence tomography imaging to measure drusen volume and height of individual drusen lesions. The qAF levels were measured from the perifoveal annular ring (quantitative autofluorescence 8 [qAF8]) using the Delori grid, as well as focally over individual drusen lesions in this region. The association between qAF levels and age, sex, and drusen presence and volume were determined using multivariable regression analysis. Results Mean qAF levels increased with age (P < 0.001) and were higher in females (P = 0.047). Eyes with soft drusen exhibited reduced mean qAF compared with age-matched normal eyes (P = 0.003), with greater drusen volume showing a trend toward decreased qAF levels. However, qAF levels are focally increased over most individual drusen (P < 0.001), with larger drusen appearing more hyperautofluorescent (R2 = 0.391, P < 0.001). Conclusions In rhesus macaques, qAF levels are increased with age and female sex, but decreased in eyes with soft drusen, similar to human AMD. However, drusen lesions appear hyperautofluorescent unlike those in humans, suggesting similarities and differences in RPE lipofuscin between humans and NHPs that may provide insight into drusen biogenesis and AMD pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
16
|
Yiu G, Thomasy SM, Casanova MI, Rusakevich A, Keesler RI, Watanabe J, Usachenko J, Singapuri A, Ball EE, Bliss-Moreau E, Guo W, Webster H, Singh T, Permar S, Ardeshir A, Coffey LL, Van Rompay KK. Evolution of ocular defects in infant macaques following in utero Zika virus infection. JCI Insight 2020; 5:143947. [PMID: 33180748 PMCID: PMC7819741 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.143947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) is associated with microcephaly and various neurological, musculoskeletal, and ocular abnormalities, but the long-term pathogenesis and postnatal progression of ocular defects in infants are not well characterized. Rhesus macaques are superior to rodents as models of CZS because they are natural hosts of the virus and share similar immune and ocular characteristics, including blood–retinal barrier characteristics and the unique presence of a macula. Using a previously described model of CZS, we infected pregnant rhesus macaques with Zika virus (ZIKV) during the late first trimester and characterized postnatal ocular development and evolution of ocular defects in 2 infant macaques over 2 years. We found that one of them exhibited colobomatous chorioretinal atrophic lesions with macular and vascular dragging as well as retinal thinning caused by loss of retinal ganglion neuron and photoreceptor layers. Despite these congenital ocular malformations, axial elongation and retinal development in these infants progressed at normal rates compared with healthy animals. The ZIKV-exposed infants displayed a rapid loss of ZIKV-specific antibodies, suggesting the absence of viral replication after birth, and did not show any behavioral or neurological defects postnatally. Our findings suggest that ZIKV infection during early pregnancy can impact fetal retinal development and cause congenital ocular anomalies but does not appear to affect postnatal ocular growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Yiu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, and
| | - Sara M Thomasy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - M Isabel Casanova
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jodie Usachenko
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California, USA
| | - Anil Singapuri
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, and
| | - Erin E Ball
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, and
| | - Eliza Bliss-Moreau
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Wendi Guo
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Helen Webster
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tulika Singh
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sallie Permar
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amir Ardeshir
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California, USA
| | - Lark L Coffey
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, and
| | - Koen Ka Van Rompay
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, and
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pollreisz A, Neschi M, Sloan KR, Pircher M, Mittermueller T, Dacey DM, Schmidt-Erfurth U, Curcio CA. Atlas of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium Organelles Significant for Clinical Imaging. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:13. [PMID: 32648890 PMCID: PMC7425708 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.8.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To quantify organelles impacting imaging in the cell body and intact apical processes of human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), including melanosomes, lipofuscin-melanolipofuscin (LM), mitochondria, and nuclei. Methods A normal perifovea of a 21-year-old white male was preserved after rapid organ recovery. An aligned image stack was generated using serial block-face scanning electron microscopy and was annotated by expert readers (TrakEM, ImageJ). Acquired measures included cell body and nuclear volume (n = 17); organelle count in apical processes (n = 17) and cell bodies (n = 8); distance of cell body organelles along a normalized apical-basal axis (n = 8); and dimensions of organelle-bounding boxes in apical processes in selected subsamples of cell bodies and apical processes. Results In 2661 sections through 17 cells, apical processes contained 65 ± 24 melanosomes in mononucleate (n = 15) and 131 ± 28 in binucleate cells (n = 2). Cell bodies contained 681 ± 153 LM and 734 ± 170 mitochondria. LM was excluded from the basal quartile, and mitochondria from the apical quartile. Lengths of melanosomes, LM, and mitochondria, respectively were 2305 ± 528, 1320 ± 574, and 1195 ± 294 nm. The ratio of cell body to nucleus volume was 4.6 ± 0.4. LM and mitochondria covered 75% and 63%, respectively, of the retinal imaging plane. Conclusions Among RPE signal sources for optical coherence tomography, LM and mitochondria are the most numerous reflective cell body organelles. These and our published data show that most melanosomes are in apical processes. Overlapping LM and previously mitochondria cushions may support multiple reflective bands in cell bodies. This atlas of subcellular reflectivity sources can inform development of advanced optical coherence tomography technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Pollreisz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Neschi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kenneth R. Sloan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Computer Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Michael Pircher
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Dennis M. Dacey
- Department of Biologic Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | | | - Christine A. Curcio
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhou H, Dai Y, Gregori G, Rosenfeld PR, Duncan JL, Schwartz DM, Wang RK. Automated morphometric measurement of the retinal pigment epithelium complex and choriocapillaris using swept source OCT. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:1834-1850. [PMID: 32341851 PMCID: PMC7173887 DOI: 10.1364/boe.385113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of an automated method to measure morphological features of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), Bruch's membrane (BM) and choriocapillaris (CC) using a commercially available swept source OCT (SS-OCT) system. The locations of the inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS), RPE and CC were determined by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) A-scan intensity profiles, which were used to calculate the mean IS/OS-to-RPE distance, mean RPE-to-CC distance, mean RPE-to-CC outer boundary distance, mean RPE thickness and mean CC thickness across the entire scan volume. The automated method was tested on two groups of normal subjects: younger age group (n=20, 30.3 ± 5.72 years, axial length = 24.2 ± 0.96 mm) and older age group (n=20, 80.8 ± 4.12 years, axial length = 23.5 ± 0.93 mm). The 6×6 mm macular scans were acquired from one eye of each subject. Repeatability of the measurements showed a coefficient of variance < 5% for all the cases. CC locations were confirmed qualitatively with pixel-by-pixel moving of the en face OCT/OCTA images. Relative distance and thickness maps of the RPE-BM-CC complex were generated for visualization of regional changes. We observed thinner CC, thinner RPE and increased RPE-to-CC distance in the older age group. Correlation between CC thickness and choroid thickness suggests that the CC thins with the overall thinning of the choroid. These metrics should be useful to reveal more morphological details of RPE-BM-CC complex, provide a better understanding of the CC in three dimensions, and further investigate potential functional relationships between RPE, BM and CC, and their involvement in age-related ocular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Yining Dai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Giovanni Gregori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Philip R. Rosenfeld
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jacque L. Duncan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Daniel M. Schwartz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ruikang K. Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yiu G, Chung SH, Mollhoff IN, Nguyen UT, Thomasy SM, Yoo J, Taraborelli D, Noronha G. Suprachoroidal and Subretinal Injections of AAV Using Transscleral Microneedles for Retinal Gene Delivery in Nonhuman Primates. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2020; 16:179-191. [PMID: 32055646 PMCID: PMC7005511 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Retinal gene therapy using adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) is constrained by the mode of viral vector delivery. Intravitreal AAV injections are impeded by the internal limiting membrane barrier, while subretinal injections require invasive surgery and produce a limited region of therapeutic effect. In this study, we introduce a novel mode of ocular gene delivery in rhesus macaques using transscleral microneedles to inject AAV8 into the subretinal or suprachoroidal space, a potential space between the choroid and scleral wall of the eye. Using in vivo imaging, we found that suprachoroidal AAV8 produces diffuse, peripheral expression in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, but it elicited local infiltration of inflammatory cells. Transscleral subretinal injection of AAV8 using microneedles leads to focal gene expression with transduction of RPE and photoreceptors, and minimal intraocular inflammation. In comparison, intravitreal AAV8 shows minimal transduction of retinal cells, but elicits greater systemic humoral immune responses. Our study introduces a novel mode of transscleral viral delivery that can be performed without vitreoretinal surgery, with focal or diffuse transgene expression patterns suitable for different applications. The decoupling of local and systemic immune responses reveals important insights into the immunological consequences of AAV delivery to different ocular compartments surrounding the blood-retinal barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Yiu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 2400, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Sook Hyun Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 2400, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Iris N. Mollhoff
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 2400, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Uyen Tu Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 2400, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Sara M. Thomasy
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 2400, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1 Garrod Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jesse Yoo
- Clearside Biomedical, 900 North Point Parkway, Suite 200, Alpharetta, GA 30005, USA
| | - Donna Taraborelli
- Clearside Biomedical, 900 North Point Parkway, Suite 200, Alpharetta, GA 30005, USA
| | - Glenn Noronha
- Clearside Biomedical, 900 North Point Parkway, Suite 200, Alpharetta, GA 30005, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yiu G, Chung SH, Mollhoff IN, Wang Y, Nguyen UT, Shibata B, Cunefare D, Farsiu S, Roberts J, Thomasy SM. Long-term Evolution and Remodeling of Soft Drusen in Rhesus Macaques. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:32. [PMID: 32084273 PMCID: PMC7326602 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.2.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To characterize the evolution and structure of soft drusen in aged rhesus macaques using in vivo multimodal retinal imaging and ex vivo histologic and ultrastructural analyses as a nonhuman primate model of early age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods Multimodal imaging including fundus photography, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) were used to characterize and track individual drusen lesions in 20 aged rhesus macaques (mean age 23.3 ± 2.7 years) with drusenoid lesions over 2 years, followed by semithin histologic analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results Although most drusen gradually increased in size, a portion spontaneously regressed or collapsed over 2 years. Histologic analyses showed that soft drusen exhibit hypertrophy and dysmorphia of overlying retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), as seen in early and intermediate AMD, but do not exhibit RPE atrophy, RPE migration, or photoreceptor degeneration characteristic of advanced AMD. Ultrastructure of soft drusen showed abundant lipid particles within Bruch's membrane and AMD-related basal linear deposits (BlinD) resembling those in human drusen. Conclusions The dynamic remodeling, histologic findings, and ultrastructural features of soft drusen in aged rhesus macaques support nonhuman primates as an animal model of early AMD and reveal important insights into drusen biogenesis and AMD development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Yiu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States
| | - Sook Hyun Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States
| | - Iris Natalie Mollhoff
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States
| | - Yinwen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States
| | - Uyen Tu Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States
| | - Bradley Shibata
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States
| | - David Cunefare
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Sina Farsiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Jeffrey Roberts
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California, United States
| | - Sara M. Thomasy
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cuenca N, Ortuño-Lizarán I, Sánchez-Sáez X, Kutsyr O, Albertos-Arranz H, Fernández-Sánchez L, Martínez-Gil N, Noailles A, López-Garrido JA, López-Gálvez M, Lax P, Maneu V, Pinilla I. Interpretation of OCT and OCTA images from a histological approach: Clinical and experimental implications. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 77:100828. [PMID: 31911236 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.100828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) have been a technological breakthrough in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of many retinal diseases, thanks to its resolution and its ability to inform of the retinal state in seconds, which gives relevant information about retinal degeneration. In this review, we present an immunohistochemical description of the human and mice retina and we correlate it with the OCT bands in health and pathological conditions. Here, we propose an interpretation of the four outer hyperreflective OCT bands with a correspondence to retinal histology: the first and innermost band as the external limiting membrane (ELM), the second band as the cone ellipsoid zone (EZ), the third band as the outer segment tips phagocytosed by the pigment epithelium (PhaZ), and the fourth band as the mitochondria in the basal portion of the RPE (RPEmitZ). The integrity of these bands would reflect the health of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium. Moreover, we describe how the vascular plexuses vary in different regions of the healthy human and mice retina, using OCTA and immunohistochemistry. In humans, four, three, two or one plexuses can be observed depending on the distance from the fovea. Also, specific structures such as vascular loops in the intermediate capillary plexus, or spider-like structures of interconnected capillaries in the deep capillary plexus are found. In mice, three vascular plexuses occupy the whole retina, except in the most peripheral retina where only two plexuses are found. These morphological issues should be considered when assessing a pathology, as some retinal diseases are associated with structural changes in blood vessels. Therefore, the analysis of OCT bands and OCTA vascular plexuses may be complementary for the diagnosis and prognosis of retinal degenerative processes, useful to assess therapeutic approaches, and it is usually correlated to visual acuity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Cuenca
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Spain; Institute Ramón Margalef, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
| | | | - Xavier Sánchez-Sáez
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Spain
| | - Oksana Kutsyr
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Spain
| | | | | | - Natalia Martínez-Gil
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Spain
| | - Agustina Noailles
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Spain
| | | | | | - Pedro Lax
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Spain
| | - Victoria Maneu
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, Spain
| | - Isabel Pinilla
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lozano Blesa, University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
En Face Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging Ellipsoid Zone Regeneration in Laser-Induced and Solar Maculopathies. Case Rep Ophthalmol Med 2019; 2019:3849871. [PMID: 31885977 PMCID: PMC6925683 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3849871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to analyze imaging findings in spectral domain en face optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) in patients with laser-induced and solar maculopathies focusing on the possible regeneration of the ellipsoid zone. In a retrospective case series of 3 patients (4 eyes) with solar maculopathy and 2 patients (3 eyes) with laser-induced maculopathy who underwent a comprehensive ocular examination, ellipsoid zone (EZ) was segmented from SD OCT data. Evaluation of EZ in en face OCT revealed a hyporeflective lesion surrounded by a hyperreflective border. The area of EZ alteration was measured manually in en face OCT. All patients showed partial EZ regeneration. Mean EZ alteration decreased from 0.12 mm2 (range: 0.05-0.32) at baseline to 0.07 mm2 (range: 0.01-0.22) at last follow-up (p = 0.018, mean follow-up: 372 days; range: 115-592). Mean best visual acuity (BVA) improved from 20/36 at baseline to 20/30 (p = 0.018). In conclusion, en face OCT imaging clearly delineated the area of EZ alteration in patients with laser-induced and solar maculopathies. Follow-up showed significant reformation of the EZ as well as improvement of BVA.
Collapse
|
23
|
Peng J, Zhong L, Ma L, Jin J, Zheng Y, Jin C. Comparison of vascular parameters between normal cynomolgus macaques and healthy humans by optical coherence tomography angiography. BMC Ophthalmol 2019; 19:204. [PMID: 31601186 PMCID: PMC6788001 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-019-1207-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolic activity of retina is higher than other human tissues and is crucial to the vision. Cynomolgus macaques is widely used in ophthalmic disease research. The evaluation and comparison of macular and optic disc vascular circulation parameters between normal adult cynomolgus macaques and healthy adult humans using OCT-A can promote better use of nonhuman primate models in studies of ophthalmic vascular disease. METHODS Twelve normal adult cynomolgus macaques with a mean age of 4.91 ± 0.43 years were studied for data collection. The macula of 28 adult healthy humans (14 males and 14 females), with a mean age of 25.11 ± 6.21 years and the optic discs of 9 adult healthy humans (4 males and 5 females) with a mean age of 28.56 ± 6.78 years were measured. The vessel density (VD) was measured using an RTVue XR with AngioVue. The scan sizes of the macular and optic discs were 3 × 3 mm and 4.5 × 4.5 mm, respectively. RESULTS OCT-A can image the superficial and deep capillary plexuses and radial peripapillary capillary network. In RPC layer of the optic disc, the VD in the nasal quadrant was lower than the VD in the inferior temporal quadrant. Similarities and significant differences in VD between healthy humans and cynomolgus macaques were obtained using OCT-A. CONCLUSIONS This study provides normal vascular parameters for adult cynomolgus macaques using OCT-A to help establish an optical parameter database for cynomolgus macaques and compare VD between healthy humans and cynomolgus macaques to promote choroid-retinopathy research. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials NCT03692169 , retrospectively registered on 26 sept 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Liuxueying Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jiayi Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yongxin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Chenjin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yiu G, Welch RJ, Wang Y, Wang Z, Wang PW, Haskova Z. Spectral-Domain OCT Predictors of Visual Outcomes after Ranibizumab Treatment for Macular Edema Resulting from Retinal Vein Occlusion. Ophthalmol Retina 2019; 4:67-76. [PMID: 31669329 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate spectral-domain (SD)-OCT features associated with baseline vision and visual outcomes in the prospective, multicenter Study Evaluating Dosing Regimens for Treatment with Intravitreal Ranibizumab Injections in Subjects with Macular Edema following Retinal Vein Occlusion (SHORE). DESIGN Post hoc analysis of prospective clinical trial data. PARTICIPANTS Two hundred two participants in the 15-month, phase 4 SHORE study comparing monthly versus pro re nata ranibizumab after 7 monthly doses in eyes with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) with macular edema. METHODS Baseline SD-OCT images were assessed for (1) central subfield thickness (CST); (2) presence of vitreomacular adhesion, vitreomacular traction, or epiretinal membrane; (3) presence, location, and amount of intraretinal fluid or subretinal fluid (SRF); (4) presence, location, and amount of hyperreflective foci (HF); (5) disorganization of retinal inner layers (DRIL); and (6) disruption of external limiting membrane (ELM), ellipsoid zone (EZ), and interdigitation zone (IZ). Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association of these features with baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and change in BCVA after 7 monthly ranibizumab injections. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Association of SD-OCT features with baseline BCVA and change in BCVA after 7 monthly ranibizumab injections. RESULTS Before therapy, worse baseline BCVA was associated with ERM presence (P = 0.0045), thicker SRF (P = 0.0006), larger intraretinal cysts (P = 0.0015), and higher percentage of DRIL (P < 0.0001), percentage of ELM disruption (P < 0.0001), percentage of EZ disruption (P = 0.0003), and percentage of IZ disruption (P = 0.0018). In multivariate models, only percentage of ELM disruption independently impacted baseline BCVA (P < 0.0001). After 7 monthly ranibizumab injections, mean BCVA improved by 18.3±12.6 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters in treated eyes. The only factors independently associated with BCVA gain after 7 monthly ranibizumab treatments were younger age (P < 0.0001) and worse baseline BCVA (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Although SD-OCT features may be associated with presenting vision in eyes with macular edema and RVO, most eyes treated with ranibizumab achieve substantial vision gains, and only older age and better baseline BCVA limited visual improvements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Yiu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California.
| | - R Joel Welch
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Yinwen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Long-term natural history of idiopathic epiretinal membranes with good visual acuity. Eye (Lond) 2019; 33:714-723. [PMID: 31000833 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-019-0397-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES To evaluate the long-term progression of idiopathic epiretinal membranes (iERMs) with good baseline visual acuity, and to identify predictors of visual decline. DESIGN Retrospective case series SUBJECTS METHODS: We reviewed records of 145 eyes with iERM and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/40 or greater at presentation, including BCVA, lens status, and central macular thickness (CMT) at yearly visits; as well as anatomic biomarkers including vitreomacular adhesion, pseudohole, lamellar hole, intraretinal cysts, disorganization of the inner retinal layers (DRIL), and disruption of outer retinal layers. Linear mixed effects and mixed-effects Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify clinical and anatomic predictors of vision change and time to surgery. RESULTS At presentation, mean BCVA was 0.17 ± 0.10 logMAR units (Snellen 20/30) and mean CMT was 353.3 ± 75.4 μm. After a median follow-up of 3.7 years (range 1-7 years), BCVA declined slowly at 0.012 ± 0.003 logMAR units/year, with phakic eyes declining more rapidly than pseudophakic eyes (0.019 ± 0.003 vs. 0.010 ± 0.004 logMAR units/year). Metamorphopsia, phakic lens status, lamellar hole, and inner nuclear layer cysts were associated with faster visual decline. Cumulative rates of progression to surgery were 2.9, 5.6, 12.2, and 21.1% at years 1-4. Visual symptoms, metamorphopsia, greater CMT, and disruption of outer retinal layers were associated with greater hazard for surgery. CONCLUSION Eyes with iERM and visual acuity ≥ 20/40 experience slow visual decline, with 21% of eyes requiring surgery after 4 years. Clinical and anatomic predictors of vision loss may be distinct from factors associated with earlier surgical intervention.
Collapse
|
26
|
Evaluation of focal damage in the retinal pigment epithelium layer in serous retinal pigment epithelium detachment. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3278. [PMID: 30824736 PMCID: PMC6397318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39688-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate focal damage in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer in serous retinal pigment epithelium detachment (PED) with multi-contrast optical coherence tomography (OCT), which is capable of simultaneous measurement of OCT angiography, polarization-sensitive OCT and standard OCT images. We evaluated 37 eyes with age-related macular degeneration that had serous PED. Focal RPE damage was indicated by hyper-transmission beneath the RPE-Bruch’s membrane band in standard OCT images. Distribution of RPE melanin was calculated using the dataset from multi-contrast OCT. Twenty-four points with hyper-transmission were detected in 21 of the 37 eyes. Standard OCT images failed to show disruption of the RPE-Bruch’s membrane band at 5 of the 24 hyper-transmission points. Conversely, multi-contrast OCT images clearly showed melanin defects in the RPE-Bruch’s membrane band at all points. Areas of melanin defects with disruption of the RPE-Bruch’s membrane band were significantly larger than those without disruption. The volume of intraretinal hyper-reflective foci was significantly larger in eyes with hyper-transmission than that in eyes without hyper-transmission. Multi-contrast OCT is more sensitive than standard OCT for displaying changes at the RPE-Bruch’s membrane band when there are small areas of RPE damage.
Collapse
|
27
|
Abitbol MM. Requirement of age-dependent normalization of spectral-domain optical coherent tomography parameters in non-human primates for translational studies. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019; 257:453-454. [PMID: 30661114 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-019-04238-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marc M Abitbol
- Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, UMR-S INSERM no.1138 Team 17, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, 75015, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Curcio CA. Antecedents of Soft Drusen, the Specific Deposits of Age-Related Macular Degeneration, in the Biology of Human Macula. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59:AMD182-AMD194. [PMID: 30357337 PMCID: PMC6733529 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AMD pathobiology was irreversibly changed by the recent discovery of extracellular cholesterol-containing deposits in the subretinal space, between the photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), called subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDDs). SDDs strikingly mirror the topography of rod photoreceptors in human macula, raising the question of whether an equivalent process results in a deposition related to foveal cones. Herein we propose that AMD's pathognomonic lesion-soft drusen and basal linear deposit (BLinD, same material, diffusely distributed)-is the leading candidate. Epidemiologic, clinical, and histologic data suggest that these deposits are most abundant in the central macula, under the fovea. Strong evidence presented in a companion article supports the idea that the dominant ultrastructural component is large apolipoprotein B,E-containing lipoproteins, constitutively secreted by RPE. Lipoprotein fatty acids are dominated by linoleate (implicating diet) rather than docosahexaenoate (implicating photoreceptors); we seek within the retina cellular relationships and dietary drivers to explain soft druse topography. The delivery of xanthophyll pigments to highly evolved and numerous Müller cells in the human fovea, through RPE, is one strong candidate, because Müller cells are the main reservoir of these pigments, which replenish from diet. We propose that the evolution of neuroglial relations and xanthophyll delivery that underlie exquisite human foveal vision came with a price, that is, soft drusen and sequela, long after our reproductive years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Curcio
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Xie W, Zhao M, Tsai SH, Burkes WL, Potts LB, Xu W, Payne HR, Hein TW, Kuo L, Rosa RH. Correlation of spectral domain optical coherence tomography with histology and electron microscopy in the porcine retina. Exp Eye Res 2018; 177:181-190. [PMID: 30120928 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is used as a non-invasive tool for retinal morphological assessment in vivo. Information on the correlation of SD-OCT with retinal histology in the porcine retina, a model resembling the human retina, is limited. Herein, we correlated the hypo- and hyper-reflective bands on SD-OCT with histology of the lamellar architecture and cellular constituents of the porcine retina. SD-OCT images were acquired with the Heidelberg Spectralis HRA + OCT. Histological analysis was performed using epoxy resin embedded tissue and transmission electron microscopy. Photomicrographs from the histologic sections were linearly scaled to correct for tissue shrinkage and correlated with SD-OCT images. SD-OCT images correlated well with histomorphometric data. A hyper-reflective band in the mid-to-outer inner nuclear layer correlated with the presence of abundant mitochondria in horizontal cell processes and adjacent bipolar cells. A concentration of cone nuclei corresponded to a relative hypo-reflective band in the outer portion of the outer nuclear layer. The presence of 3 hyper-reflective bands in the outer retina corresponded to: 1) the external limiting membrane; 2) the cone and rod ellipsoid zones; and 3) the interdigitation zone of photoreceptor outer segments/retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) apical cell processes and the RPE. These correlative and normative SD-OCT data may be employed to characterize and assess the in vivo histologic changes in retinal vascular and degenerative diseases and the responses to novel therapeutic interventions in this large animal model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wankun Xie
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Ophthalmic Vascular Research Program, Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Ophthalmic Vascular Research Program, Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Shu-Huai Tsai
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA
| | - William L Burkes
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Luke B Potts
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ophthalmic Vascular Research Program, Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA
| | - H Ross Payne
- Image Analysis Laboratory, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Travis W Hein
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Ophthalmic Vascular Research Program, Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Lih Kuo
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Ophthalmic Vascular Research Program, Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Robert H Rosa
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Ophthalmic Vascular Research Program, Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|