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Rodriguez-Sevilla JJ, Colla S. T-cell dysfunctions in myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood 2024; 143:1329-1343. [PMID: 38237139 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023023166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Escape from immune surveillance is a hallmark of cancer. Immune deregulation caused by intrinsic and extrinsic cellular factors, such as altered T-cell functions, leads to immune exhaustion, loss of immune surveillance, and clonal proliferation of tumoral cells. The T-cell immune system contributes to the pathogenesis, maintenance, and progression of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Here, we comprehensively reviewed our current biological knowledge of the T-cell compartment in MDS and recent advances in the development of immunotherapeutic strategies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and T-cell- and antibody-based adoptive therapies that hold promise to improve the outcome of patients with MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simona Colla
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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2
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Kurioka A, Klenerman P. Aging unconventionally: γδ T cells, iNKT cells, and MAIT cells in aging. Semin Immunol 2023; 69:101816. [PMID: 37536148 PMCID: PMC10804939 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Unconventional T cells include γδ T cells, invariant Natural Killer T cells (iNKT) cells and Mucosal Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells, which are distinguished from conventional T cells by their recognition of non-peptide ligands presented by non-polymorphic antigen presenting molecules and rapid effector functions that are pre-programmed during their development. Here we review current knowledge of the effect of age on unconventional T cells, from early life to old age, in both mice and humans. We then discuss the role of unconventional T cells in age-associated diseases and infections, highlighting the similarities between members of the unconventional T cell family in the context of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Kurioka
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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3
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Zhao B, Wu B, Feng N, Zhang X, Zhang X, Wei Y, Zhang W. Aging microenvironment and antitumor immunity for geriatric oncology: the landscape and future implications. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:28. [PMID: 36945046 PMCID: PMC10032017 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) has been extensively investigated; however, it is complex and remains unclear, especially in elderly patients. Senescence is a cellular response to a variety of stress signals, which is characterized by stable arrest of the cell cycle and major changes in cell morphology and physiology. To the best of our knowledge, senescence leads to consistent arrest of tumor cells and remodeling of the tumor-immune microenvironment (TIME) by activating a set of pleiotropic cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and proteinases, which constitute the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). On the one hand, the SASP promotes antitumor immunity, which enhances treatment efficacy; on the other hand, the SASP increases immunosuppressive cell infiltration, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells (Tregs), M2 macrophages, and N2 neutrophils, contributing to TIME suppression. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the regulation of the SASP and components contributing to robust antitumor immunity in elderly individuals with different cancer types and the available therapies is necessary to control tumor cell senescence and provide greater clinical benefits to patients. In this review, we summarize the key biological functions mediated by cytokines and intercellular interactions and significant components of the TME landscape, which influence the immunotherapy response in geriatric oncology. Furthermore, we summarize recent advances in clinical practices targeting TME components and discuss potential senescent TME targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghao Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Nan Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yiping Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Wenxiong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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4
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Innate immunity dysregulation in aging eye and therapeutic interventions. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 82:101768. [PMID: 36280210 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of eye diseases increases considerably with age, resulting in significant vision impairment. Although the pathobiology of age-related eye diseases has been studied extensively, the contribution of immune-related changes due to aging remains elusive. In the eye, tissue-resident cells and infiltrating immune cells regulate innate responses during injury or infection. But due to aging, these cells lose their protective functions and acquire pathological phenotypes. Thus, dysregulated ocular innate immunity in the elderly increases the susceptibility and severity of eye diseases. Herein, we emphasize the impact of aging on the ocular innate immune system in the pathogenesis of infectious and non-infectious eye diseases. We discuss the role of age-related alterations in cellular metabolism, epigenetics, and cellular senescence as mechanisms underlying altered innate immune functions. Finally, we describe approaches to restore protective innate immune functions in the aging eye. Overall, the review summarizes our current understanding of innate immune functions in eye diseases and their dysregulation during aging.
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Sorrenti V, Benedetti F, Buriani A, Fortinguerra S, Caudullo G, Davinelli S, Zella D, Scapagnini G. Immunomodulatory and Antiaging Mechanisms of Resveratrol, Rapamycin, and Metformin: Focus on mTOR and AMPK Signaling Networks. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080912. [PMID: 35893737 PMCID: PMC9394378 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging results from the progressive dysregulation of several molecular pathways and mTOR and AMPK signaling have been suggested to play a role in the complex changes in key biological networks involved in cellular senescence. Moreover, multiple factors, including poor nutritional balance, drive immunosenescence progression, one of the meaningful aspects of aging. Unsurprisingly, nutraceutical and pharmacological interventions could help maintain an optimal biological response by providing essential bioactive micronutrients required for the development, maintenance, and the expression of the immune response at all stages of life. In this regard, many studies have provided evidence of potential antiaging properties of resveratrol, as well as rapamycin and metformin. Indeed, in vitro and in vivo models have demonstrated for these molecules a number of positive effects associated with healthy aging. The current review focuses on the mechanisms of action of these three important compounds and their suggested use for the clinical treatment of immunosenescence and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Largo Egidio Meneghetti, 2, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Bendessere® Study Center, Via Prima Strada 23/3, 35129 Padova, Italy;
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35100 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (D.Z.); (G.S.)
| | - Francesca Benedetti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (F.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Alessandro Buriani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (F.B.); (A.B.)
| | | | - Giada Caudullo
- Bendessere® Study Center, Via Prima Strada 23/3, 35129 Padova, Italy;
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Davide Zella
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (F.B.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (D.Z.); (G.S.)
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (D.Z.); (G.S.)
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6
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Zhang H, Guan J, Lee H, Wu C, Dong K, Liu Z, Cui L, Song H, Ding Y, Meng R. Immunocytes Rapid Responses Post-ischemic Stroke in Peripheral Blood in Patients With Different Ages. Front Neurol 2022; 13:887526. [PMID: 35645988 PMCID: PMC9135975 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.887526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To explore the alterations in immune cell composition in peripheral blood in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) based on their age group. Methods Patients with imaging confirmed AIS were enrolled from April 2019 to January 2020 and were divided into three groups according to their ages: <55 years (group-A), 55–65 years (group-B), and >65 years (group-C). Blood samples were collected immediately when the patients were admitted to our ward prior to any intervention. Flow cytometry was used to analyze immune cell composition in peripheral blood. Results A total of 41 eligible patients were included for final analysis. Among the three groups, the proportions of CD56+ CD16dim NK cells were least to greatest in group-B, group-A, then group-C, respectively. With increasing age, there was a decrease in the proportion of CD3+ T-cells (group-A vs. group-C, P = 0.016) and CD3+CD4+ T-cells (group-C vs. group-A, P = 0.008; group-C vs. group-B P = 0.026). Meanwhile, no significant differences in proportions of monocytes and B cells were observed. Conclusions The compositions of immune cells in peripheral blood of AIS patients were distinct when divided by age groups. Differences in immune cell ratios may affect clinical outcomes and foreshadows possible need for customized treatment of AIS in different age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwei Guan
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hangil Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Chuanjie Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Dong
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zongjian Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Cui
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiqing Song
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Ran Meng
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ran Meng ; orcid.org/0000-0003-1190-4710
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7
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Khairallah C, Chu TH, Qiu Z, Imperato JN, Yang D, Sheridan BS. The accumulation of Vγ4 T cells with aging is associated with an increased adaptive Vγ4 T cell response after foodborne Listeria monocytogenes infection of mice. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:19. [PMID: 35501808 PMCID: PMC9063344 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is generally accepted that aging has detrimental effects on conventional T cell responses to systemic infections. However, most pathogens naturally invade the body through mucosal barriers. Although mucosal sites are highly enriched in unconventional immune sentinels like γδ T cells, little is currently known about the impact of aging on unconventional mucosal T cell responses. We previously established that foodborne infection with a mouse-adapted internalin A mutant Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) generates an adaptive intestinal memory CD44hi CD27neg Vγ4 T cells capable of co-producing IL-17A and IFNγ. Therefore, we used this model to evaluate the impact of aging on adaptive Vγ4 T cell responses elicited by foodborne infection. RESULTS Foodborne Lm infection of female Balb/c and C57BL/6 mice led to an increased adaptive CD44hi CD27neg Vγ4 T cell response associated with aging. Moreover, Lm-elicited CD44hi CD27neg Vγ4 T cells maintained diverse functional subsets despite some alterations favoring IL-17A production as mice aged. In contrast to the documented susceptibility of aged mice to intravenous Lm infection, mice contained bacteria after foodborne Lm infection suggesting that elevated bacterial burden was not a major factor driving the increased adaptive CD44hi CD27neg Vγ4 T cell response associated with mouse age. However, CD44hi CD27neg Vγ4 T cells accumulated in naïve mice as they aged suggesting that an increased precursor frequency contributes to the robust Lm-elicited mucosal response observed. Body mass did not appear to have a strong positive association with CD44hi CD27neg Vγ4 T cells within age groups. Although an increased adaptive CD44hi CD27neg Vγ4 T cell response may contribute to foodborne Lm resistance of C57BL/6 mice aged 19 or more months, neither anti-TCRδ or anti-IL-17A treatment impacted Lm colonization after primary infection. These results suggest that γδTCR signaling and IL-17A are dispensable for protection after primary foodborne Lm infection consistent with the role of conventional T cells during the early innate immune response to Lm. CONCLUSIONS Lm-elicited adaptive Vγ4 T cells appear resistant to immunosenescence and memory Vγ4 T cells could be utilized to provide protective immune functions during enteric infection of aged hosts. As such, oral immunization might offer an efficient therapeutic approach to generate unconventional memory T cells in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Khairallah
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 246 Centers for Molecular Medicine, Stony Brook, 11794 NY USA
| | - Timothy H. Chu
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 246 Centers for Molecular Medicine, Stony Brook, 11794 NY USA
| | - Zhijuan Qiu
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 246 Centers for Molecular Medicine, Stony Brook, 11794 NY USA
| | - Jessica N. Imperato
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 246 Centers for Molecular Medicine, Stony Brook, 11794 NY USA
| | - Daniella Yang
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 246 Centers for Molecular Medicine, Stony Brook, 11794 NY USA
| | - Brian S. Sheridan
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 246 Centers for Molecular Medicine, Stony Brook, 11794 NY USA
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8
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Zarobkiewicz MK, Bojarska-Junak AA. The Mysterious Actor-γδ T Lymphocytes in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL). Cells 2022; 11:cells11040661. [PMID: 35203309 PMCID: PMC8870520 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is the most common leukaemia among adults. It is the clonal expansion of B cells expressing CD19 and CD5. Despite significant progress in treatment, CLL is still incurable. γδ T cells comprise an important subset of the cytotoxic T cells. Although γδ T cells in CLL are dysfunctional, they still can possibly be used for immunotherapy. The current paper reviews our understanding of γδ T lymphocytes in CLL.
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9
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Abstract
Ageing leads to profound alterations in the immune system and increases susceptibility to some chronic, infectious and autoimmune diseases. In recent years, widespread application of single-cell techniques has enabled substantial progress in our understanding of the ageing immune system. These comprehensive approaches have expanded and detailed the current views of ageing and immunity. Here we review a body of recent studies that explored how the immune system ages using unbiased profiling techniques at single-cell resolution. Specifically, we discuss an emergent understanding of age-related alterations in innate and adaptive immune cell populations, antigen receptor repertoires and immune cell-supporting microenvironments of the peripheral tissues. Focusing on the results obtained in mice and humans, we describe the multidimensional data that align with established concepts of immune ageing as well as novel insights emerging from these studies. We further discuss outstanding questions in the field and highlight techniques that will advance our understanding of immune ageing in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis A. Mogilenko
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO USA
| | - Irina Shchukina
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO USA
| | - Maxim N. Artyomov
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO USA
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10
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Beatson RE, Parente-Pereira AC, Halim L, Cozzetto D, Hull C, Whilding LM, Martinez O, Taylor CA, Obajdin J, Luu Hoang KN, Draper B, Iqbal A, Hardiman T, Zabinski T, Man F, de Rosales RT, Xie J, Aswad F, Achkova D, Joseph CYR, Ciprut S, Adami A, Roider HG, Hess-Stumpp H, Győrffy B, Quist J, Grigoriadis A, Sommer A, Tutt AN, Davies DM, Maher J. TGF-β1 potentiates Vγ9Vδ2 T cell adoptive immunotherapy of cancer. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100473. [PMID: 35028614 PMCID: PMC8714942 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite its role in cancer surveillance, adoptive immunotherapy using γδ T cells has achieved limited efficacy. To enhance trafficking to bone marrow, circulating Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are expanded in serum-free medium containing TGF-β1 and IL-2 (γδ[T2] cells) or medium containing IL-2 alone (γδ[2] cells, as the control). Unexpectedly, the yield and viability of γδ[T2] cells are also increased by TGF-β1, when compared to γδ[2] controls. γδ[T2] cells are less differentiated and yet display increased cytolytic activity, cytokine release, and antitumor activity in several leukemic and solid tumor models. Efficacy is further enhanced by cancer cell sensitization using aminobisphosphonates or Ara-C. A number of contributory effects of TGF-β are described, including prostaglandin E2 receptor downmodulation, TGF-β insensitivity, and upregulated integrin activity. Biological relevance is supported by the identification of a favorable γδ[T2] signature in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Given their enhanced therapeutic activity and compatibility with allogeneic use, γδ[T2] cells warrant evaluation in cancer immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Marrow Cells/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Culture Media, Serum-Free/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice, SCID
- Prognosis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E. Beatson
- King’s College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy’s Cancer Centre, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ana C. Parente-Pereira
- King’s College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy’s Cancer Centre, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Leena Halim
- King’s College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy’s Cancer Centre, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Domenico Cozzetto
- Translational Bioinformatics, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Guy’s and St. Thomas’s NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Caroline Hull
- King’s College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy’s Cancer Centre, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Lynsey M. Whilding
- King’s College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy’s Cancer Centre, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Olivier Martinez
- King’s College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy’s Cancer Centre, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Chelsea A. Taylor
- King’s College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy’s Cancer Centre, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jana Obajdin
- King’s College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy’s Cancer Centre, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Kim Ngan Luu Hoang
- King’s College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy’s Cancer Centre, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Benjamin Draper
- King’s College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy’s Cancer Centre, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ayesha Iqbal
- King’s College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy’s Cancer Centre, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Cancer Bioinformatics, King’s College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy’s Cancer Centre, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Tom Hardiman
- King’s College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy’s Cancer Centre, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Cancer Bioinformatics, King’s College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy’s Cancer Centre, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Tomasz Zabinski
- King’s College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy’s Cancer Centre, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Francis Man
- King’s College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Rafael T.M. de Rosales
- King’s College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Jinger Xie
- Bayer Healthcare Innovation Center, Mission Bay, 455 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Fred Aswad
- Bayer Healthcare Innovation Center, Mission Bay, 455 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Daniela Achkova
- King’s College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy’s Cancer Centre, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Chung-Yang Ricardo Joseph
- King’s College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy’s Cancer Centre, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sara Ciprut
- King’s College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy’s Cancer Centre, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Antonella Adami
- King’s College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy’s Cancer Centre, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | | | - Balázs Győrffy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Budapest H1085, Hungary
- Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Center for Natural Science, Budapest H1117, Hungary
| | - Jelmar Quist
- King’s College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy’s Cancer Centre, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Cancer Bioinformatics, King’s College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy’s Cancer Centre, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Anita Grigoriadis
- King’s College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy’s Cancer Centre, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Cancer Bioinformatics, King’s College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy’s Cancer Centre, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | - Andrew N.J. Tutt
- King’s College London, Breast Cancer Now Unit, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy’s Cancer Centre, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - David M. Davies
- King’s College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy’s Cancer Centre, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - John Maher
- King’s College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy’s Cancer Centre, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Department of Immunology, Eastbourne Hospital, Kings Drive, Eastbourne, East Sussex BN21 2UD, UK
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
- Leucid Bio, Guy’s Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
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11
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Brigas HC, Ribeiro M, Coelho JE, Gomes R, Gomez-Murcia V, Carvalho K, Faivre E, Costa-Pereira S, Darrigues J, de Almeida AA, Buée L, Dunot J, Marie H, Pousinha PA, Blum D, Silva-Santos B, Lopes LV, Ribot JC. IL-17 triggers the onset of cognitive and synaptic deficits in early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109574. [PMID: 34469732 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related mouse models has been recognized for decades, but the contribution of the recently described meningeal immune population to AD pathogenesis remains to be addressed. Here, using the 3xTg-AD model, we report an accumulation of interleukin-17 (IL-17)-producing cells, mostly γδ T cells, in the brain and the meninges of female, but not male, mice, concomitant with the onset of cognitive decline. Critically, IL-17 neutralization into the ventricles is sufficient to prevent short-term memory and synaptic plasticity deficits at early stages of disease. These effects precede blood-brain barrier disruption and amyloid-beta or tau pathology, implying an early involvement of IL-17 in AD pathology. When IL-17 is neutralized at later stages of disease, the onset of short-memory deficits and amyloidosis-related splenomegaly is delayed. Altogether, our data support the idea that cognition relies on a finely regulated balance of "inflammatory" cytokines derived from the meningeal immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena C Brigas
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Ribeiro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana E Coelho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui Gomes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Victoria Gomez-Murcia
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France; Alzheimer & Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Kevin Carvalho
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France; Alzheimer & Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Emilie Faivre
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France; Alzheimer & Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Sara Costa-Pereira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Julie Darrigues
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Afonso Antunes de Almeida
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luc Buée
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France; Alzheimer & Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Jade Dunot
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 7275, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), Valbonne, France
| | - Hélène Marie
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 7275, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), Valbonne, France
| | - Paula A Pousinha
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 7275, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), Valbonne, France
| | - David Blum
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France; Alzheimer & Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Bruno Silva-Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luísa V Lopes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Julie C Ribot
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Galletti JG, de Paiva CS. The ocular surface immune system through the eyes of aging. Ocul Surf 2021; 20:139-162. [PMID: 33621658 PMCID: PMC8113112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the last century, advances in healthcare, housing, and education have led to an increase in life expectancy. Longevity is accompanied by a higher prevalence of age-related diseases, such as cancer, autoimmunity, diabetes, and infection, and part of this increase in disease incidence relates to the significant changes that aging brings about in the immune system. The eye is not spared by aging either, presenting with age-related disorders of its own, and interestingly, many of these diseases have immune pathophysiology. Being delicate organs that must be exposed to the environment in order to capture light, the eyes are endowed with a mucosal environment that protects them, the so-called ocular surface. As in other mucosal sites, immune responses at the ocular surface need to be swift and potent to eliminate threats but are at the same time tightly controlled to prevent excessive inflammation and bystander damage. This review will detail how aging affects the mucosal immune response of the ocular surface as a whole and how this process relates to the higher incidence of ocular surface disease in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremias G Galletti
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Medicine (IMEX), CONICET-National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Cintia S de Paiva
- Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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13
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Hagen KM, Ousman SS. The Neuroimmunology of Guillain-Barré Syndrome and the Potential Role of an Aging Immune System. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 12:613628. [PMID: 33584245 PMCID: PMC7873882 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.613628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a paralyzing autoimmune condition affecting the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Within GBS there are several variants affecting different aspects of the peripheral nerve. In general, there appears to be a role for T cells, macrophages, B cells, and complement in initiating and perpetuating attacks on gangliosides of Schwann cells and axons. Of note, GBS has an increased prevalence and severity with increasing age. In addition, there are alterations in immune cell functioning that may play a role in differences in GBS with age alongside general age-related declines in reparative processes (e.g., delayed de-differentiation of Schwann cells and decline in phagocytic ability of macrophages). The present review will explore the immune response in GBS as well as in animal models of several variants of the disorder. In addition, the potential involvement of an aging immune system in contributing to the increased prevalence and severity of GBS with age will be theorized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M. Hagen
- Department of Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Shalina S. Ousman
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Fane M, Weeraratna AT. Normal Aging and Its Role in Cancer Metastasis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020; 10:cshperspect.a037341. [PMID: 31615864 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the most common cause of death, with treatments failing to provide a durable response. Aging is a key prognostic factor in many cancers. Emerging data suggest that normal age-related changes in the tumor microenvironment can contribute to metastatic progression. These changes encompass secreted factors, biophysical changes, and changes in both stromal and immune cell populations. These data also highlight the importance of conducting studies in preclinical models of appropriate age. Ultimately, therapies may also need to be tailored to reflect patient age, as markers of metastatic disease differ in young and aged populations. In this review, we will discuss some of the changes that occur during aging that increase the metastatic capacity of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Fane
- The Wistar Institute, Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Ashani T Weeraratna
- The Wistar Institute, Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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15
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Marchetti C, Borghetti P, Cacchioli A, Ferrari L, Armando F, Corradi A, Cantoni AM. Profile of gamma-delta (γδ) T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of crossbreed dogs during stages of life and implication in aging. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:278. [PMID: 32771003 PMCID: PMC7414535 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Data on gamma-delta (γδ) T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of dogs are scant, related only to healthy pure breed dogs and limited to a restricted age range. The aim of the study was to investigate the modulation of the γδ T lymphocyte (TCRγδ+) subpopulation in peripheral blood of crossbreed healthy dogs according to five identified stages of life: Puppy, Junior, Adult, Mature, Senior and to determine its implication in aging. A rigorous method of recruitment was used to minimize the influence of internal or external pressure on the immune response. Twenty-three intact female and twenty-four intact male dogs were enrolled. Blood samples were collected and immunophenotyping of peripheral blood T lymphocytes and γδ T cell subpopulations was performed. Results The percentage of γδ T cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes was comparable with the value of 2.5% published by Faldyna and co-workers (2001), despite the percentage reported was investigated in less arranged age range groups and coming from four different dog pure breeds, whereas our data were recorded on wider age range groups and coming from crossbreed dogs. Therefore, the γδ T cell percentage (2.5%) is consistent and points out that such value is breed-independent. Statistical analysis highlighted differences in both percentage and absolute γδ T cells according to the stage of life. γδ T cells decreased significantly in the peripheral blood of elder dogs (Senior group) in comparison with previous stages of life (Puppy, Junior, and Adult groups). Differences in γδ T cells are significant and they are reported, for the first time, related to dog aging. Conclusions The study confirms dogs to be among the animals with a low TCRγδ+ cell profile. A decrease of the TCRγδ+ subpopulation percentage was observed in elder dogs. TCRγδ+ cells of group S were different from those of groups P, J, and A. The differences are reported for the first time in dog aging. Identifying the stage of life when the decrease of γδ T lymphocytes starts can be useful for providing a rationale for drafting a wellness plan trial to support thymus immune functions and mitigate its functional exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Marchetti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Borghetti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Antonio Cacchioli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Ferrari
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Federico Armando
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Attilio Corradi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Cantoni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
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16
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Xu W, Lau ZWX, Fulop T, Larbi A. The Aging of γδ T Cells. Cells 2020; 9:E1181. [PMID: 32397491 PMCID: PMC7290956 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the coming decades, many developed countries in the world are expecting the "greying" of their populations. This phenomenon poses unprecedented challenges to healthcare systems. Aging is one of the most important risk factors for infections and a myriad of diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. A common denominator that is implicated in these diseases is the immune system. The immune system consists of the innate and adaptive arms that complement each other to provide the host with a holistic defense system. While the diverse interactions between multiple arms of the immune system are necessary for its function, this complexity is amplified in the aging immune system as each immune cell type is affected differently-resulting in a conundrum that is especially difficult to target. Furthermore, certain cell types, such as γδ T cells, do not fit categorically into the arms of innate or adaptive immunity. In this review, we will first introduce the human γδ T cell family and its ligands before discussing parallels in mice. By covering the ontogeny and homeostasis of γδ T cells during their lifespan, we will better capture their evolution and responses to age-related stressors. Finally, we will identify knowledge gaps within these topics that can advance our understanding of the relationship between γδ T cells and aging, as well as age-related diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Xu
- Biology of Aging Program and Immunomonitoring Platform, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore; (W.X.); (Z.W.X.L.)
| | - Zandrea Wan Xuan Lau
- Biology of Aging Program and Immunomonitoring Platform, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore; (W.X.); (Z.W.X.L.)
| | - Tamas Fulop
- Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada;
| | - Anis Larbi
- Biology of Aging Program and Immunomonitoring Platform, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore; (W.X.); (Z.W.X.L.)
- Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada;
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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Abstract
Most cancers arise in individuals over the age of 60. As the world population is living longer and reaching older ages, cancer is becoming a substantial public health problem. It is estimated that, by 2050, more than 20% of the world's population will be over the age of 60 - the economic, healthcare and financial burdens this may place on society are far from trivial. In this Review, we address the role of the ageing microenvironment in the promotion of tumour progression. Specifically, we discuss the cellular and molecular changes in non-cancerous cells during ageing, and how these may contribute towards a tumour permissive microenvironment; these changes encompass biophysical alterations in the extracellular matrix, changes in secreted factors and changes in the immune system. We also discuss the contribution of these changes to responses to cancer therapy as ageing predicts outcomes of therapy, including survival. Yet, in preclinical studies, the contribution of the aged microenvironment to therapy response is largely ignored, with most studies designed in 8-week-old mice rather than older mice that reflect an age appropriate to the disease being modelled. This may explain, in part, the failure of many successful preclinical therapies upon their translation to the clinic. Overall, the intention of this Review is to provide an overview of the interplay that occurs between ageing cell types in the microenvironment and cancer cells and how this is likely to impact tumour metastasis and therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Fane
- The Wistar Institute, Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Ashani T Weeraratna
- The Wistar Institute, Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Finamore A, Roselli M, Donini L, Brasili DE, Rami R, Carnevali P, Mistura L, Pinto A, Giusti A, Mengheri E. Supplementation with Bifidobacterium longum Bar33 and Lactobacillus helveticus Bar13 mixture improves immunity in elderly humans (over 75 years) and aged mice. Nutrition 2019; 63-64:184-192. [PMID: 31029046 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aging induces several physiologic and immune changes. The usefulness of probiotics in ameliorating age-related disorders remains largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a Bifidobacterium longum Bar33 and Lactobacillus helveticus Bar13 mixture in improving the physiologic status and immunity of older adults (over 75 years). Furthermore, the possible role of such mixture in ameliorating gut immunity in aged mice was investigated. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted with 98 adults (84.6 ± 7.8 y), supplemented for 30 d with a biscuit containing a probiotic mixture of B. longum Bar33 and L. helveticus Bar13 (1:1), or no probiotics, as placebo. Blood was collected for analysis of biochemical parameters, lymphocyte subpopulations, natural killer activity, and cytokine release. Aged Balb/c mice received the same probiotic mixture or placebo daily for 28 d, then blood and intestinal lymphocyte subpopulations were analyzed. RESULTS The probiotic mixture ameliorated immune response in older adults by increasing naive, activated memory, regulatory T cells, B cells, and natural killer activity and decreasing memory T cells compared with placebo (P < 0.05). The biochemical parameters did not change after probiotic supplementation. In the gut of old mice, the two probiotics modulated cells crucial for gut immune homeostasis by increasing regulatory T (Treg and Tr1) and decreasing γδ T cells compared with control mice (P < 0.05). In addition, B cells increased in the gut and blood of probiotic-treated mice. CONCLUSION Results from the present study data indicated that B. longum Bar33 and L. helveticus Bar13 improve immune function at intestinal and peripheral sites in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rita Rami
- CREA Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Carnevali
- R&D Advanced Research Microbiology, Barilla G&R f.lli SpA, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Pinto
- Sapienza University, Department of Experimental Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - AnnaMaria Giusti
- Sapienza University, Department of Experimental Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Mengheri
- CREA Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
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19
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Rubino G, Bulati M, Aiello A, Aprile S, Gambino CM, Gervasi F, Caruso C, Accardi G. Sicilian centenarian offspring are more resistant to immune ageing. Aging Clin Exp Res 2019; 31:125-133. [PMID: 29594822 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-018-0936-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunosenescence constitutes a major indirect cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Previous analysis of immune signatures in a cohort of centenarian offspring showed an intermediate immunophenotype between age-matched and younger controls. AIMS To confirm and extend the previous studies performing further phenotypical analysis in centenarian offspring and controls. METHODS Analysis of Treg cells, γδ T cells, mucosal-associated invariant T cells, and senescent immune T cells was performed in centenarian offspring and controls. RESULTS We report significant differences between elderly and centenarian offspring in most of the studied subsets, showing that centenarian offspring subsets present an intermediate phenotyping between elderly and younger people. CONCLUSION The whole present data confirm and extend the previous results showing that centenarian offspring retain more youthful immunological parameters and that the exhaustion of the immune system is less evident than in elderly without centenarian parents, though further investigations are warranted.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies demonstrated the significant loss of gamma delta T (γδ T) cells in patients with sepsis. Given the distinct functions of γδ T cells in human anti-infection immunity, we are interested in evaluating the phenotype and function of peripheral γδ T cells in septic patients and determining their prognostic implication. METHOD This prospective study has been conducted in three intensive care units of a university hospital. During the period from October 2014 to June 2015, we enrolled 107 patients who were consecutively admitted and diagnosed with severe sepsis or septic shock (excluding previous immunosuppression) and 45 healthy controls. Using flow cytometry, we analyzed the in vivo percentage of γδ T cells in cluster of differentiation (CD)3 cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells as well as their expression of surface markers (CD69, natural-killer group 2 member D [NKG2D], programmed death receptor 1 [PD-1]) and intracellular cytokines (interferon-γ [IFN-γ], interleukin [IL]-17, IL-10, transforming growth factor-β [TGF-β]). Then we further evaluated the different responses of γδ T cells after the antigen stimulation ex vivo by measuring CD69 and IFN-γ expression. Lastly, we conducted the multiple logistic regressions to analyze the risk factor for prognosis. RESULTS Compared with control group, γδ T cells in septic patients displayed a decrease in percentage, increase in CD69, decrease in NKG2D, and increase in cytokine expression (pro-inflammatory IFN-γ, IL-17, anti-inflammatory IL-10, TGF-β) in vivo. After the antigen stimulation ex vivo, both CD69 and IFN-γ expression in γδ T cells were significantly lower in septic patients than control group. Importantly, the decrease in CD69 and IFN-γ expression was more pronounced in non-survivors than survivors. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that lower expression of IFN-γ after stimulation is a dependent risk factor that associated with patient 28-day death in septic patients (OR: 0.908 [95% CI: 0.853-0.966]). CONCLUSION Septic patients showed altered phenotype and function of γδ T cells. The impaired IFN-γ expression by γδ T cells after the antigen stimulation is associated with mortality in septic patients.
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21
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Campbell JP, Turner JE. Debunking the Myth of Exercise-Induced Immune Suppression: Redefining the Impact of Exercise on Immunological Health Across the Lifespan. Front Immunol 2018; 9:648. [PMID: 29713319 PMCID: PMC5911985 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence indicates that regular physical activity and/or frequent structured exercise reduces the incidence of many chronic diseases in older age, including communicable diseases such as viral and bacterial infections, as well as non-communicable diseases such as cancer and chronic inflammatory disorders. Despite the apparent health benefits achieved by leading an active lifestyle, which imply that regular physical activity and frequent exercise enhance immune competency and regulation, the effect of a single bout of exercise on immune function remains a controversial topic. Indeed, to this day, it is perceived by many that a vigorous bout of exercise can temporarily suppress immune function. In the first part of this review, we deconstruct the key pillars which lay the foundation to this theory-referred to as the "open window" hypothesis-and highlight that: (i) limited reliable evidence exists to support the claim that vigorous exercise heightens risk of opportunistic infections; (ii) purported changes to mucosal immunity, namely salivary IgA levels, after exercise do not signpost a period of immune suppression; and (iii) the dramatic reductions to lymphocyte numbers and function 1-2 h after exercise reflects a transient and time-dependent redistribution of immune cells to peripheral tissues, resulting in a heightened state of immune surveillance and immune regulation, as opposed to immune suppression. In the second part of this review, we provide evidence that frequent exercise enhances-rather than suppresses-immune competency, and highlight key findings from human vaccination studies which show heightened responses to bacterial and viral antigens following bouts of exercise. Finally, in the third part of this review, we highlight that regular physical activity and frequent exercise might limit or delay aging of the immune system, providing further evidence that exercise is beneficial for immunological health. In summary, the over-arching aim of this review is to rebalance opinion over the perceived relationships between exercise and immune function. We emphasize that it is a misconception to label any form of acute exercise as immunosuppressive, and, instead, exercise most likely improves immune competency across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Campbell
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - James E Turner
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
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22
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Zinger A, Cho WC, Ben-Yehuda A. Cancer and Aging - the Inflammatory Connection. Aging Dis 2017; 8:611-627. [PMID: 28966805 PMCID: PMC5614325 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2016.1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging and cancer are highly correlated biological phenomena. Various cellular processes such as DNA damage responses and cellular senescence that serve as tumor suppressing mechanisms throughout life result in degenerative changes and contribute to the aging phenotype. In turn, aging is considered a pro-tumorigenic state, and constitutes the single most important risk factor for cancer development. However, the causative relations between aging and cancer is not straight forward, as these processes carry contradictory hallmarks; While aging is characterized by tissue degeneration and organ loss of function, cancer is a state of sustained cellular proliferation and gain of new functions. Here, we review the molecular and cellular pathways that stand in the base of aging related cancer. Specifically, we deal with the inflammatory perspective that link these two processes, and suggest possible molecular targets that may be exploited to modify their courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adar Zinger
- 1Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - William C Cho
- 2Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Arie Ben-Yehuda
- 1Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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23
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Barber BE, Grigg MJ, William T, Piera KA, Boyle MJ, Yeo TW, Anstey NM. Effects of Aging on Parasite Biomass, Inflammation, Endothelial Activation, Microvascular Dysfunction and Disease Severity in Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium falciparum Malaria. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:1908-1917. [PMID: 28863470 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In populations pauci-immune to malaria, risk of severe malaria increases with age. This is particularly apparent in Plasmodium knowlesi malaria. However, pathophysiological mechanisms underlying knowlesi malaria, and of the age-related increase in risk of severe malaria in general, are poorly understood. Methods In Malaysian patients aged ≥12 years with severe (n = 47) and nonsevere (n = 99) knowlesi malaria, severe (n = 21) and nonsevere (n = 109) falciparum malaria, and healthy controls (n = 50), we measured parasite biomass, systemic inflammation (interleukin 6 [IL-6]), endothelial activation (angiopoietin-2), and microvascular function, and evaluated the effects of age. Results Plasmodium knowlesi parasitemia correlated with age (Spearman's correlation coefficient [rs] = 0.36; P < .0001). In knowlesi malaria, IL-6, angiopoietin-2, and microvascular dysfunction were increased in severe compared to nonsevere disease, and all correlated with age, independent of parasitemia. In falciparum malaria, angiopoietin-2 increased with age, independent of parasite biomass (histidine-rich protein 2 [HRP2]). Independent risk factors for severe malaria included parasitemia and angiopoietin-2 in knowlesi malaria, and HRP2, angiopoietin-2, and microvascular dysfunction in falciparum malaria. Conclusions Parasite biomass, endothelial activation, and microvascular dysfunction are associated with severe disease in knowlesi malaria and likely contribute to pathogenesis. The association of each of these processes with aging may account for the greater severity of malaria observed in older adults in low-endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget E Barber
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Society, Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital
| | - Matthew J Grigg
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Society, Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital
| | - Timothy William
- Infectious Diseases Society, Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital.,Jesselton Medical Centre, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Kim A Piera
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Michelle J Boyle
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory, Australia.,Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tsin W Yeo
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Society, Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Nicholas M Anstey
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Society, Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital
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Ageing and latent CMV infection impact on maturation, differentiation and exhaustion profiles of T-cell receptor gammadelta T-cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5509. [PMID: 28710491 PMCID: PMC5511140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05849-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is a broad cellular process, largely affecting the immune system, especially T-lymphocytes. Additionally to immunosenescence alone, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is thought to have major impacts on T-cell subset composition and exhaustion. These impacts have been studied extensively in TCRαβ+ T-cells, with reduction in naive, increase in effector (memory) subsets and shifts in CD4/CD8-ratios, in conjunction with morbidity and mortality in elderly. Effects of both ageing and CMV on the TCRγδ+ T-cell compartment remain largely elusive. In the current study we investigated Vγ- and Vδ-usage, maturation, differentiation and exhaustion marker profiles of both CD4 and CD8 double-negative (DN) and CD8+TCRγδ+ T-cells in 157 individuals, age range 20–95. We observed a progressive decrease in absolute numbers of total TCRγδ+ T-cells in blood, affecting the predominant Vγ9/Vδ2 population. Aged TCRγδ+ T-cells appeared to shift from naive to more (late-stage) effector phenotypes, which appeared more prominent in case of persistent CMV infections. In addition, we found effects of both ageing and CMV on the absolute counts of exhausted TCRγδ+ T-cells. Collectively, our data show a clear impact of ageing and CMV persistence on DN and CD8+TCRγδ+ T-cells, similar to what has been reported in CD8+TCRαβ+ T-cells, indicating that they undergo similar ageing processes.
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25
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Montgomery RR. Age-related alterations in immune responses to West Nile virus infection. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 187:26-34. [PMID: 27612657 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is the most important causative agent of viral encephalitis worldwide and an important public health concern in the United States due to its high prevalence, severe disease, and the absence of effective treatments. Infection with WNV is mainly asymptomatic, but some individuals develop severe, possibly fatal, neurological disease. Individual host factors play a role in susceptibility to WNV infection, including genetic polymorphisms in key anti-viral immune genes, but age is the most well-defined risk factor for susceptibility to severe disease. Ageing is associated with distinct changes in immune cells and a decline in immune function leading to increased susceptibility to infection and reduced responses to vaccination. WNV is detected by pathogen recognition receptors including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which show reduced expression and function in ageing. Neutrophils, monocyte/macrophages and dendritic cells, which first recognize and respond to infection, show age-related impairment of many functions relevant to anti-viral responses. Natural killer cells control many viral infections and show age-related changes in phenotype and functional responses. A role for the regulatory receptors Mertk and Axl in blood-brain barrier permeability and in facilitating viral uptake through phospholipid binding may be relevant for susceptibility to WNV, and age-related up-regulation of Axl has been noted previously in human dendritic cells. Understanding the specific immune parameters and mechanisms that influence susceptibility to symptomatic WNV may lead to a better understanding of increased susceptibility in elderly individuals and identify potential avenues for therapeutic approaches: an especially relevant goal, as the world's populating is ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Montgomery
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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26
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Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) can cause severe neuroinvasive disease in humans and currently no vaccine or specific treatments are available. As aging is the most prominent risk factor for WNV, age-related immune dysregulation likely plays an essential role in host susceptibility to infection with WNV. In this review, we summarize recent findings in effects of aging on immune responses to WNV infection. In particular, we focus on the age-dependent dysregulation of innate immune cell types-neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells-in response to WNV infection, as well as age-related alterations in NK cells and γδ T cells that may associate with increased WNV susceptibility in older people. We also highlight two advanced technologies, i.e., mass cytometry and microRNA profiling, which significantly contribute to systems-level study of immune dysregulation in aging and should facilitate new discoveries for therapeutic intervention against WNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Ruth R Montgomery
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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Vasudev A, Ying CTT, Ayyadhury S, Puan KJ, Andiappan AK, Nyunt MSZ, Shadan NB, Mustafa S, Low I, Rotzschke O, Fulop T, Ng TP, Larbi A. γ/δ T cell subsets in human aging using the classical α/β T cell model. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 96:647-55. [PMID: 25001861 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5a1213-650rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with an increased susceptibility to infections and diseases. It has also been associated with reduced functionality and altered distribution of immune cells, especially T cells. Whereas classical α/β T cells, especially CD8(+) T cells, were shown to be highly susceptible to aging, the effects of viral persistent stimulations on the fate of γ/δ T cells are much less documented. Healthy, elderly individuals of Chinese ethnical background were recruited under the aegis of SLAS-II. In this observational study, γ/δ T cell populations were characterized by flow cytometry and compared with the α/β CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in elderly and young controls. In our study, we identified a reduced frequency of γ/δ T cells but not α/β T cells with aging. The classical markers of α/β T cell aging, including CD28, CD27, and CD57, did not prove significant for γ/δ T cells. The extreme range of expression of these markers in γ/δ T cells was responsible for the lack of relationship between γ/δ T cell subsets, CD4/CD8 ratio, and anti-CMV titers that was significant for α/β T cells and, especially, CD8(+) T cells. Although markers of aging for γ/δ T cells are not clearly identified, our data collectively suggest that the presence of CD27 γ/δ T cells is associated with markers of α/β T cell aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Vasudev
- Singapore Immunology Network, Biopolis, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Crystal Tan Tze Ying
- Singapore Immunology Network, Biopolis, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Shamini Ayyadhury
- Singapore Immunology Network, Biopolis, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Kia Joo Puan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Biopolis, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Anand Kumar Andiappan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Biopolis, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Ma Shwe Zin Nyunt
- Gerontological Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; and
| | - Nurhidaya Binte Shadan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Biopolis, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Seri Mustafa
- Singapore Immunology Network, Biopolis, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Ivy Low
- Singapore Immunology Network, Biopolis, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Olaf Rotzschke
- Singapore Immunology Network, Biopolis, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Tamas Fulop
- Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine, Québec, Canada
| | - Tze Pin Ng
- Gerontological Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; and
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network, Biopolis, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore;
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Abstract
With the improvement of medical care and hygienic conditions, there has been a tremendous increment in human lifespan. However, many of the elderly (>65 years) display chronic illnesses, and a majority requires frequent and longer hospitalization. The robustness of the immune system to eliminate or control infections is often eroded with advancing age. Nevertheless, some elderly individuals do cope better than others. The origin of these inter-individual differences may come from genetic, lifestyle conditions (nutrition, socio-economic parameters), as well as the type, number and recurrence of pathogens encountered during life. The theory we are supporting is that chronic infections, through life, will induce profound changes in the immune system probably due to unbalanced inflammatory profiles. Persistent viruses such a cytomegalovirus are not eliminated and are a driven force to immune exhaustion. Because of their age, elderly individuals may have seen more of these chronic stimulators and have experienced more reactivation episodes ultimately leading to shrinkage of their repertoire and overall immune robustness. This review integrates updates on immunity with advancing age and its impact on associated clinical conditions.
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Mazzoccoli G, Vendemiale G, De Cata A, Tarquini R. Change of γδTCR-Expressing T Cells in Healthy Aging. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24:201-9. [DOI: 10.1177/039463201102400124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A mature T-cell lineage with the capacity to proliferate in response to receptor-mediated signals and to display non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted cytolysis expresses a CD3-associated heterodimer made up of the protein encoded by the T-cell receptor (TCR) gamma-gene. We investigated the possible differences in lymphocyte subpopulations between healthy young-middle-aged and elderly subjects, focusing attention on y8-TCR-expressing cells. The study was carried out on fifteen healthy young-middle-aged male subjects (age range 36–55 years) and fifteen healthy elderly male subjects (age range 67–79 years). Lymphocyte subpopulations were analyzed in blood samples collected every four hours for 24 hours. The presence of circadian rhythmicity on absolute counts was validated to evaluate the periodicity of variation, and the fractional variation between single time point values was calculated to evaluate the dynamics of variation. In the group of young and middle-aged subjects a clear circadian rhythm was validated for the time-qualified changes of all the lymphocyte subpopulations (CD3, CD4, CD4/CD8 ratio, CD20, CD25 and HLA-DR with acrophase at night, CD8, CD16 and TcRγδ with acrophase at noon). In the group of elderly subjects a clear circadian rhythm was validated for the nyctohemeral changes of CD3, CD8, CD4/CD8 ratio, CD 16, CD25. There was a statistically significant difference for the Midline Estimating Statistic of Rhythm (MESOR) of CD3 (p=0.001), CD25 (p=0.003) and γδ-TCR- expressing cells (p=0.004), higher in the elderly, and for the MESOR of HLA-DR (p=0.002) and CD20 (p=0.002) higher in the young and middle-aged subjects. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in the fractional variation of TcRγδ-expressing cells between 18:00h and 22:00h values (higher in elderly subjects, p=0.007). In conclusion, specific lymphocyte subsets present different levels and different profiles of nyctohemeral changes in healthy young-middle aged in respect to elderly subjects, since B cells are decreased, whereas CD25 and γδ-TCR-bearing cells are higher in the elderly, but the rhythm and the dynamics of variation of this lymphocyte subset is severely altered and this phenomenon might contribute to the onset of age-related variations of the immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Mazzoccoli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, S. Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia
| | - G. Vendemiale
- Department of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, S. Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Medical Science, University of Foggia, Foggia
| | - A. De Cata
- Department of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, S. Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia
| | - R. Tarquini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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30
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Gomez-Lopez N, Guilbert LJ, Olson DM. Invasion of the leukocytes into the fetal-maternal interface during pregnancy. J Leukoc Biol 2010; 88:625-33. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1209796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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31
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Wang WN, Zhou J, Wang P, Tian TT, Zheng Y, Liu Y, Mai WJ, Wang AL. Oxidative stress, DNA damage and antioxidant enzyme gene expression in the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei when exposed to acute pH stress. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 150:428-35. [PMID: 19573624 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2009.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Revised: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ROS production, the percentage of dead and damaged haemocytes, the DNA Olive Tail Moment (OTM) value and the gene expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and thioredoxin (TRx), were studied in the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, when exposed to acute pH stress. The increased ROS production in haemocytes and the increased OTM value in both the haemocytes and the hepatopancreas cells suggest that oxidative damage occurred in shrimp exposed to pH 5.6 and pH 9.3, with apoptosis, mainly being associated with excess Ca(2+)influx and changes in cell viability. Acid and alkaline pH-induced DNA damage was time dependent in the haemocytes and the hepatopancreas cells. The concentration of intracellular free calcium [Ca(2+)] (i) after different pH treatments increased significantly over time, reaching its highest concentration after 12 h, but decreasing gradually to normal levels after 24 h. The [Ca(2+)] (i) content in shrimp cells when exposed to pH 9.3 and pH 5.6 for 12 h had increased by 58%-81%, compared with exposure to pH 7.4 (control). In addition, the gene expression of cMnSOD, CAT, GPx and TRx in the hepatopancreas of L. vannamei was induced by acid and alkaline pH stress, although there were differences in the expression response with respect to the duration of induction and the different pH treatments (acid or alkaline). Our results show that acidic or alkaline-induced oxidative stress may cause DNA damage, and cooperatively activate expression of CAT, GPx and TRx mRNA. Calcium ions appear to be important in mediating shrimp responses to pH stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
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Malaguarnera L, Cristaldi E, Malaguarnera M. The role of immunity in elderly cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2009; 74:40-60. [PMID: 19577481 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2008] [Revised: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased incidence of malignancies in elderly patients living in industrialized countries has led to both identify the causes that alter the normal homeostatic balance in elderly and designate the specific treatments. The progressive decline of the immune system (immunosenescence) involving cellular and molecular alterations impact both innate and adaptive immunity. The immunosenescence leads to increased incidence of infectious diseases morbidity and mortality as well as heightened rates of other immune disorders such as autoimmunity, cancer, and inflammatory conditions. Here, we summarize the knowledge on the major changes in the immune system associated with aging in primary lymphoid organs as well as a description of molecular mechanisms, and the impact on cancer development.
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33
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Bom AT, Pinto AM. Allergic respiratory diseases in the elderly. Respir Med 2009; 103:1614-22. [PMID: 19570668 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Revised: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In industrialized countries there has been a significant increase in life expectancy, but chronic diseases are still important causes of death and disability in the elderly. Individuals over 65 years of age have a decrease in organic functions and lungs can lose more than 40% of their capacity. Although asthma and allergic rhinitis are more common in young people their prevalence in the elderly is increasing and the mortality reported in these patients is high. Asthmatic airways show an accumulation of activated eosinophils and lymphocytes determining structural changes of the bronchi. Local allergic inflammation, changes in T cell phenotypes and in apoptosis contribute to systemic inflammation. An increased risk of respiratory infections and neoplasic diseases has been recognized. These patients have increased susceptibility to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Metabolic diseases are associated with an impairment of lung function and with systemic inflammation. Summing up older asthmatic patients have an increased risk to premature disability and death. A proper therapeutic approach to asthma can minimize this evolution. To identify the triggers is an important goal that allows reducing medication needs. Corticosteroids dampen allergic inflammation; therefore, they are the first choice in the treatment of patients with persistent asthma and rhinitis. Second-generation H1 receptor antagonists have reduced side effects and can be used if necessary. The elderly may have difficult access to health care. They should be educated about their disease and receive a written treatment plan. This information improves the quality of life, socialization and disease outcome in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Todo Bom
- Immuno Allergology Department, Coimbra University Hospital, Portugal.
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34
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Derhovanessian E, Solana R, Larbi A, Pawelec G. Immunity, ageing and cancer. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2008; 5:11. [PMID: 18816370 PMCID: PMC2564902 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-5-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Compromised immunity contributes to the decreased ability of the elderly to control infectious disease and to their generally poor response to vaccination. It is controversial as to how far this phenomenon contributes to the well-known age-associated increase in the occurrence of many cancers in the elderly. However, should the immune system be important in controlling cancer, for which there is a great deal of evidence, it is logical to propose that dysfunctional immunity in the elderly would contribute to compromised immunosurveillance and increased cancer occurrence. The chronological age at which immunosenescence becomes clinically important is known to be influenced by many factors, including the pathogen load to which individuals are exposed throughout life. It is proposed here that the cancer antigen load may have a similar effect on "immune exhaustion" and that pathogen load and tumor load may act additively to accelerate immunosenescence. Understanding how and why immune responsiveness changes in humans as they age is essential for developing strategies to prevent or restore dysregulated immunity and assure healthy longevity, clearly possible only if cancer is avoided. Here, we provide an overview of the impact of age on human immune competence, emphasizing T-cell-dependent adaptive immunity, which is the most sensitive to ageing. This knowledge will pave the way for rational interventions to maintain or restore appropriate immune function not only in the elderly but also in the cancer patient.
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35
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Gorczynski RM, Terzioglu E. Aging and the immune system. Int Urol Nephrol 2008; 40:1117-25. [PMID: 18683074 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-008-9412-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2008] [Accepted: 05/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with many physiological changes in a variety of organ systems. Nevertheless, considerable interest has centred on the possibility that age-related immunological changes may play a key "master" role in regulating many, if not all, subsequent events. A growing body of data, some of it highlighted in this review, supports the notion that host resistance in general is changed in both a qualitative and quantitative manner with age, though the biochemical mechanism(s) underlying such changes are not unique to the immune system per se. Moreover, interventions designed to explore treatments which may reverse some or all of those age-related changes have pointed out a fundamentally important role for nutrition, and the way(s) in which this impacts on host resistance mechanism(s), as having a hitherto unappreciated importance in immunosenescence in general.
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TANAKA S, MIYAZAWA K, KUWANO A, WATANABE K, OHWADA S, ASO H, NISHIDA S, YAMAGUCHI T. Age-related changes in leukocytes and T cell subsets in peripheral blood of Japanese Black cattle. Anim Sci J 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2008.00539.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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37
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Abstract
Aging is associated with a dysregulation of the immune system known as immunosenescence. Immunosenescence involves cellular and molecular alterations that impact both innate and adaptive immunity, leading to increased incidences of infectious disease morbidity and mortality as well as heightened rates of other immune disorders such as autoimmunity, cancer, and inflammatory conditions. While current data suggests physical activity may be an effective and logistically easy strategy for counteracting immunosenescence, it is currently underutilized in clinical settings. Long-term, moderate physical activity interventions in geriatric populations appear to be associated with several benefits including reduction in infectious disease risk, increased rates of vaccine efficacy, and improvements in both physical and psychosocial aspects of daily living. Exercise may also represent a viable therapy in patients for whom pharmacological treatment is unavailable, ineffective, or inappropriate. The effects of exercise impact multiple aspects of immune response including T cell phenotype and proliferation, antibody response to vaccination, and cytokine production. However, an underlying mechanism by which exercise affects numerous cell types and responses remains to be identified. Given this evidence, an increase in the use of physical activity programs by the healthcare community may result in improved health of geriatric populations.
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Morita CT, Jin C, Sarikonda G, Wang H. Nonpeptide antigens, presentation mechanisms, and immunological memory of human Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells: discriminating friend from foe through the recognition of prenyl pyrophosphate antigens. Immunol Rev 2007; 215:59-76. [PMID: 17291279 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2006.00479.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Human Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells play important roles in mediating immunity against microbial pathogens and have potent anti-tumor activity. Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells recognize the pyrophosphorylated isoprenoid intermediates (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP), an intermediate in the foreign 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway, and isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), an intermediate in the self-mevalonate pathway. Infection with bacteria and protozoa using the MEP pathway leads to the rapid expansion of Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells to very high numbers through preferential recognition of HMBPP. Activated Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells produce proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, kill infected cells, secrete growth factors for epithelial cells, and present antigens to alphabeta T cells. Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells can also recognize high levels of IPP in certain tumors and in cells treated with pharmacological agents, such as bisphosphonates and alkylamines, that block farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase. Activated Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells are able to kill most tumor cells because of recognition by T-cell receptor and natural killer receptors. The ubiquitous nature of the antigens converts essentially all Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells to memory cells at an early age. Thus, primary infections with HMBPP-producing bacteria are perceived by Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells as a repeat infection. Extensive efforts are underway to harness these cells to treat a variety of cancers and to provide microbial immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig T Morita
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Brem H, Sheehan P, Rosenberg HJ, Schneider JS, Boulton AJM. Evidence-Based Protocol for Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006; 117:193S-209S; discussion 210S-211S. [PMID: 16799388 DOI: 10.1097/01.prs.0000225459.93750.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic foot ulcers are the single biggest risk factor for nontraumatic foot amputations in persons with diabetes. Foot ulcers occur in 12 to 25 percent of persons with diabetes and precede 84 percent of all nontraumatic amputations in this growing population. Because of the high incidence of foot ulcers, amputations remain a source of morbidity and mortality in persons with diabetes. Strict adherence to evidence-based protocols as described herein will prevent the majority of these amputations. METHODS The collective experience of treating patients with neuropathic diabetic foot ulcers in four major diabetic foot programs in the United States and Europe was analyzed. RESULTS The following protocol was developed for patients with diabetic foot ulcers: (1) establishment of good communication among the patient, the wound healing team, and the primary medical doctor; (2) comprehensive, protocol-driven care of the entire patient, including hemoglobin A1c, microalbuminuria, and cholesterol as well as early treatment of retinopathy, nephropathy, and cardiac disease; (3) weekly objective measurement of the wound with digital photography, planimetry, and documentation of the wound-healing process using the Wound Electronic Medical Record, if available; (4) objective evaluation of blood flow in the lower extremities (e.g., noninvasive flow studies); (5) débridement of hyperkeratotic, infected, and nonviable tissue; (6) use of systemic antibiotics for deep infection, drainage, and cellulitis; (7) off-loading; (8) maintenance of a moist wound bed; (9) use of growth factor and/or cellular therapy if the wound is not healing after 3 weeks with this protocol; and (10) consideration of the use of vacuum-assisted therapy in complex wounds. CONCLUSIONS In diabetic foot ulcers, availability of the above modalities, in combination with early recognition and comprehensive treatment, ensures rapid healing, minimizes morbidity and mortality rates, and eliminates toe and limb amputations in the absence of ischemia and osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Brem
- Department of Surgery, Wound Healing Program, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
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Venet F, Bohé J, Debard AL, Bienvenu J, Lepape A, Monneret G. Both percentage of gammadelta T lymphocytes and CD3 expression are reduced during septic shock. Crit Care Med 2006; 33:2836-40. [PMID: 16352967 DOI: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000189745.66585.ae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mechanisms involved during sepsis-induced immunosuppression are far from being extensively established. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether two characteristics of T cells were altered in this situation: the percentage of circulating gammadelta T lymphocytes and the level of CD3 expression on T lymphocytes. DESIGN Observational study. SETTING Adult intensive care units in a university hospital. PATIENTS Patients with septic shock (n = 21) and healthy individuals (n = 21). INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In patients, we first observed the decreased percentage of gammadelta T lymphocytes in peripheral blood (1% [0.7-3.1], median [interquartile range]) in comparison with healthy individuals (3.5% [2.1-4.8]). Regarding CD3, we measured a highly significant decrease of its expression on both alphabeta and gammadelta T lymphocytes from patients (p < .005), whereas the CD3 mean fluorescence intensities ratio (gammadelta/alphabeta) was not affected: 2.2 [2.1-2.4] and 2.1 [1.9-2.3] in healthy individuals and septic patients, respectively. The magnitude in the decrease of CD3 expression was thus similar in alphabeta and gammadelta cells, suggesting a common down-regulation mechanism for both T-cell lineages. CONCLUSIONS Combined with a reduced percentage of monocytes expressing human leukocyte antigen-DR, a reduced CD3 expression may be involved in the failure of antigen presentation depicted after septic shock, whereas the diminished percentage of circulating gammadelta T cells could be partly responsible for the elevated incidence of secondary infections. These two observations constitute additional pieces of the complex puzzle of sepsis-induced immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Venet
- Immunology Laboratory, Lyon-Sud University Hospital, France
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