1
|
Mitteldorf J. Biological Clocks: Why We Need Them, Why We Cannot Trust Them, How They Might Be Improved. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:356-366. [PMID: 38622101 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924020135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Late in life, the body is at war with itself. There is a program of self-destruction (phenoptosis) implemented via epigenetic and other changes. I refer to these as type (1) epigenetic changes. But the body retains a deep instinct for survival, and other epigenetic changes unfold in response to a perception of accumulated damage (type (2)). In the past decade, epigenetic clocks have promised to accelerate the search for anti-aging interventions by permitting prompt, reliable, and convenient measurement of their effects on lifespan without having to wait for trial results on mortality and morbidity. However, extant clocks do not distinguish between type (1) and type (2). Reversing type (1) changes extends lifespan, but reversing type (2) shortens lifespan. This is why all extant epigenetic clocks may be misleading. Separation of type (1) and type (2) epigenetic changes will lead to more reliable clock algorithms, but this cannot be done with statistics alone. New experiments are proposed. Epigenetic changes are the means by which the body implements phenoptosis, but they do not embody a clock mechanism, so they cannot be the body's primary timekeeper. The timekeeping mechanism is not yet understood, though there are hints that it may be (partially) located in the hypothalamus. For the future, we expect that the most fundamental measurement of biological age will observe this clock directly, and the most profound anti-aging interventions will manipulate it.
Collapse
|
2
|
Varela-López A, Romero-Márquez JM, Navarro-Hortal MD, Ramirez-Tortosa CL, Battino M, Forbes-Hernández TY, Quiles JL. Dietary antioxidants and lifespan: Relevance of environmental conditions, diet, and genotype of experimental models. Exp Gerontol 2023; 178:112221. [PMID: 37230336 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The rise of life expectancy in current societies is not accompanied, to date, by a similar increase in healthspan, which represents a great socio-economic problem. It has been suggested that aging can be manipulated and then, the onset of all age-associated chronic disorders can be delayed because these pathologies share age as primary underlying risk factor. One of the most extended ideas is that aging is consequence of the accumulation of molecular damage. According to the oxidative damage theory, antioxidants should slow down aging, extending lifespan and healthspan. The present review analyzes studies evaluating the effect of dietary antioxidants on lifespan of different aging models and discusses the evidence on favor of their antioxidant activity as anti-aging mechanisms. Moreover, possible causes for differences between the reported results are evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Varela-López
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento s/n, Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - José M Romero-Márquez
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento s/n, Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - María D Navarro-Hortal
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento s/n, Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain
| | | | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Tamara Y Forbes-Hernández
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento s/n, Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - José L Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento s/n, Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain; Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres, 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abdelhameed NG, Ahmed YH, Yasin NAE, Mahmoud MY, El-Sakhawy MA. Effects of Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles in the Cerebrum, Hippocampus, and Cerebellum of Male Wistar Rats and Potential Ameliorative Role of Melatonin. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:359-369. [PMID: 36689351 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) have been widely used in vaccine manufacture, food additives, human care products, and cosmetics. However, they also have adverse effects on different organs, including the liver, kidneys, and testes. Melatonin is a potent antioxidant, particularly against metals by forming melatonin-metal complexes. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of melatonin against Al2O3 NP-induced toxicity in the rat brain. Forty adult male Wistar rats were allocated to four groups: the untreated control (received standard diet and distilled water), Al2O3 NP-treated (received 30 mg/kg body weight Al2O3 NPs), melatonin and Al2O3 NP-treated (received 30 mg/kg body weight Al2O3 NPs + 10 mg/kg body weight melatonin), and melatonin-treated (received 10 mg/kg body weight melatonin) groups. All treatments were by oral gavages and administered daily for 28 days. Afterward, the rats were sacrificed, and samples from various brain regions (cerebrum, cerebellum, and hippocampus) were subjected to biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses. Al2O3 NPs substantially increased malondialdehyde, β-amyloid 1-42 peptide, acetylcholinesterase, and β-secretase-1 expression, whereas they markedly decreased glutathione levels. Furthermore, Al2O3 NPs induced severe histopathological alterations, including vacuolation of the neuropil, enlarged pericellular and perivascular spaces, vascular congestion, neuronal degeneration, and pyknosis. Al2O3 NP treatment also resulted in an intense positive caspase-3 immunostaining. Conversely, the administration of melatonin alleviated the adverse effects induced by Al2O3 NPs. Therefore, melatonin can diminish the neurotoxic effects induced by Al2O3 NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen G Abdelhameed
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Yasmine H Ahmed
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Noha A E Yasin
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Y Mahmoud
- Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Sakhawy
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu J, Chen H, Lin X, Zhu X, Huang J, Xu W, Tan M, Su J. Melatonin Suppresses Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase-Stimulator of Interferon Genes Signaling and Delays the Development of Hearing Loss in the C57BL/6J Presbycusis Mouse Model. Neuroscience 2023; 517:84-95. [PMID: 36702373 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin supplementation has been shown to delay age-related hearing loss (ARHL) progression. Previously, melatonin was found to inhibit neuronal mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release, as well as inhibit cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling, thereby delaying the onset of central nervous system diseases. Therefore, we hypothesized that melatonin may delay the progression of hearing loss in the C57BL/6J presbycusis mouse model by inhibiting cGAS-STING signaling in the auditory pathway. Oral melatonin at 10 mg/kg/d was administered to 3-month-old C57BL/6J mice until 12 months of age. The auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold was used to assess their hearing ability. By real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis, the levels of cytosolic mtDNA, cGAS/STING, and cytokines were examined in the mouse cochlea, inferior colliculus, and auditory cortex. We found that the 12-month-old control mice exhibited significant hearing loss, increased cytosolic mtDNA, increased expression of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-β, Cxcl10, and Ifit3, up-regulated cGAS and STING expression, and enhanced interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) phosphorylation in the C57BL/6J mouse cochlea, inferior colliculus, and auditory cortex. Melatonin treatment significantly improved hearing, decreased cytosolic mtDNA, suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-β, Ifit3, and Cxcl10, down-regulated cGAS and STING expression, and attenuated IRF3 phosphorylation in the C57BL/6J mouse cochlea, inferior colliculus, and auditory cortex. This study suggested that melatonin had a protective effect on auditory function in the C57BL/6J presbycusis mouse model, which may be mediated through reducing mtDNA release, inhibiting the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in the auditory pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinlan Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Afliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Huiying Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Afliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Afliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Afliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jialin Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Afliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenfeng Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Afliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ming Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Afliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiping Su
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Afliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hardeland R. Redox Biology of Melatonin: Discriminating Between Circadian and Noncircadian Functions. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:704-725. [PMID: 35018802 PMCID: PMC9587799 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin has not only to be seen as a regulator of circadian clocks. In addition to its chronobiotic functions, it displays other actions, especially in cell protection. This includes antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and mitochondria-protecting effects. Although protection is also modulated by the circadian system, the respective actions of melatonin can be distinguished and differ with regard to dose requirements in therapeutic settings. It is the aim of this article to outline these differences in terms of function, signaling, and dosage. Focus has been placed on both the nexus and the dissecting properties between circadian and noncircadian mechanisms. This has to consider details beyond the classic view of melatonin's role, such as widespread synthesis in extrapineal tissues, formation in mitochondria, effects on the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, and secondary signaling, for example, via upregulation of sirtuins and by regulating noncoding RNAs, especially microRNAs. The relevance of these findings, the differences and connections between circadian and noncircadian functions of melatonin shed light on the regulation of inflammation, including macrophage/microglia polarization, damage-associated molecular patterns, avoidance of cytokine storms, and mitochondrial functions, with numerous consequences to antioxidative protection, that is, aspects of high actuality with regard to deadly viral and bacterial diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 704-725.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Hardeland
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cachán-Vega C, Vega-Naredo I, Potes Y, Bermejo-Millo JC, Rubio-González A, García-González C, Antuña E, Bermúdez M, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez J, Boga JA, Coto-Montes A, Caballero B. Chronic Treatment with Melatonin Improves Hippocampal Neurogenesis in the Aged Brain and Under Neurodegeneration. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175543. [PMID: 36080336 PMCID: PMC9457692 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is altered during aging and under different neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Melatonin shows neurogenic and neuroprotective properties during aging and neuropathological conditions. In this study, we evaluated the effects of chronic treatment with melatonin on different markers of neurodegeneration and hippocampal neurogenesis using immunohistochemistry in the aged and neurodegenerative brains of SAMP8 mice, which is an animal model of accelerated senescence that mimics aging-related Alzheimer’s pathology. Neurodegenerative processes observed in the brains of aged SAMP8 mice at 10 months of age include the presence of damaged neurons, disorganization in the layers of the brain cortex, alterations in neural processes and the length of neuronal prolongations and β-amyloid accumulation in the cortex and hippocampus. This neurodegeneration may be associated with neurogenic responses in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of these mice, since we observed a neurogenic niche of neural stem and progenitor/precursors cells in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice. However, hippocampal neurogenesis seems to be compromised due to alterations in the cell survival, migration and/or neuronal maturation of neural precursor cells due to the neurodegeneration levels in these mice. Chronic treatment with melatonin for 9 months decreased these neurodegenerative processes and the neurodegeneration-induced neurogenic response. Noticeably, melatonin also induced recovery in the functionality of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in aged SAMP8 mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cachán-Vega
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ignacio Vega-Naredo
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Yaiza Potes
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Bermejo-Millo
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Adrian Rubio-González
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Claudia García-González
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Eduardo Antuña
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Manuel Bermúdez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Hospital Monte Naranco, 33012 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - José Gutiérrez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Hospital Monte Naranco, 33012 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - José Antonio Boga
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ana Coto-Montes
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Beatriz Caballero
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-98-510-2784
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sevilla A, Chéret J, Slominski RM, Slominski AT, Paus R. Revisiting the role of melatonin in human melanocyte physiology: A skin context perspective. J Pineal Res 2022; 72:e12790. [PMID: 35133682 PMCID: PMC8930624 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionarily ancient methoxyindoleamine, melatonin, has long perplexed investigators by its versatility of functions and mechanisms of action, which include the regulation of vertebrate pigmentation. Although first discovered through its potent skin-lightening effects in amphibians, melatonin's role in human skin and hair follicle pigmentation and its impact on melanocyte physiology remain unclear. Synthesizing our limited current understanding of this role, we specifically examine its impact on melanogenesis, oxidative biology, mitochondrial function, melanocyte senescence, and pigmentation-related clock gene activity, with emphasis on human skin, yet without ignoring instructive pointers from nonhuman species. Given the strict dependence of melanocyte functions on the epithelial microenvironment, we underscore that melanocyte responses to melatonin are best interrogated in a physiological tissue context. Current evidence suggests that melatonin and some of its metabolites inhibit both, melanogenesis (via reducing tyrosinase activity) and melanocyte proliferation by stimulating melatonin membrane receptors (MT1, MT2). We discuss whether putative melanogenesis-inhibitory effects of melatonin may occur via activation of Nrf2-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling, estrogen receptor-mediated and/or melanocortin-1 receptor- and cAMP-dependent signaling, and/or via melatonin-regulated changes in peripheral clock genes that regulate human melanogenesis, namely Bmal1 and Per1. Melatonin and its metabolites also accumulate in melanocytes where they exert net cyto- and senescence-protective as well as antioxidative effects by operating as free radical scavengers, stimulating the synthesis and activity of ROS scavenging enzymes and other antioxidants, promoting DNA repair, and enhancing mitochondrial function. We argue that it is clinically and biologically important to definitively clarify whether melanocyte cell culture-based observations translate into melatonin-induced pigmentary changes in a physiological tissue context, that is, in human epidermis and hair follicles ex vivo, and are confirmed by clinical trial results. After defining major open questions in this field, we close by suggesting how to begin answering them in clinically relevant, currently available preclinical in situ research models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alec Sevilla
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jérémy Chéret
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Radomir M. Slominski
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Andrzej T. Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Pathology Laboratory Service, Veteran Administration Medical Center at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL35294, USA
- Corresponding authors: Ralf Paus, MD, DSc: ; Andrzej T. Slominski, MD, PhD:
| | - Ralf Paus
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany
- CUTANEON – Skin & Hair Innovations, Hamburg, Germany
- Corresponding authors: Ralf Paus, MD, DSc: ; Andrzej T. Slominski, MD, PhD:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tabibzadeh S. Resolving Geroplasticity to the Balance of Rejuvenins and Geriatrins. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1664-1714. [DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
9
|
Liu D, Fan YB, Tao XH, Pan WL, Wu YX, Wang XH, He YQ, Xiao WF, Li YS. Mitochondrial Quality Control in Sarcopenia: Updated Overview of Mechanisms and Interventions. Aging Dis 2021; 12:2016-2030. [PMID: 34881083 PMCID: PMC8612607 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a common geriatric disorder characterized by decreased muscle strength, low muscle mass and poor physical performance. This aging-related skeletal muscle deterioration leads to adverse outcomes and severely impairs the quality of life of patients. The accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria with aging is an important factor in the occurrence and progression of sarcopenia. Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) fundamentally ensures the normal mitochondrial functions and is comprised of four main parts: proteostasis, biogenesis, dynamics and autophagy. Therefore, any pathophysiologic factors compromising the quality control of homeostasis in the skeletal muscle may lead to sarcopenia. However, the specific theoretical aspects of these processes have not been fully elucidated. Current therapeutic interventions using nutritional and pharmaceutical treatments show a modest therapeutic efficacy; however, only physical exercise is recommended as the first-line therapy for sarcopenia, which can ameliorate skeletal muscle deficiency by maintaining the homeostatic MQC. In this review, we summarized the known mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis of sarcopenia by impairing normal mitochondrial functions and described potential interventions that mitigate sarcopenia through improving MQC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Bin Fan
- 2Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang provincial people's hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Tao
- 2Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang provincial people's hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Wei-Li Pan
- 2Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang provincial people's hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Wu
- 3School of Kinesiology, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Wang
- 4Xiang Ya Nursing School, The Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yu-Qiong He
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Feng Xiao
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,5National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Li
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,5National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Teratani T, Kasahara N, Ijichi T, Fujimoto Y, Sakuma Y, Sata N, Kitayama J. Activation of whole body by high levels of polyamine intake in rats. Amino Acids 2021; 53:1695-1703. [PMID: 34654958 PMCID: PMC8592999 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines are important to the survival and activation of organs and tissues via a homeostatic cell-metabolic process, and the polyamine content in cytoplasm decreases with aging. Decreases in cellular polyamine have been known to augment mutagenesis and cell death. Thus, supplementary polyamine in food is important to the prevention of aging. Here we show the anti-aging effects of oral intake of polyamine using luciferase-transgenic rats. Healthy rats, 10–12 weeks old, were given foods containing 0.01% and 0.1% (w/w) of polyamine, as compared a control food without polyamine, for 4 weeks. Using a bioimaging system, the photon intensities seen in the whole bodies and livers of rats consuming 0.1% of polyamine in food were stronger than those in rats consuming 0.01% and 0% of polyamine. However, there were no differences between groups in other characteristics, such as liver damage and body weight. In conclusion, we found that polyamine intake can activate cells throughout the whole body, providing an anti-aging effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Teratani
- Division of Translational Research, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsukeshi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan. .,Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsukeshi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
| | - Naoya Kasahara
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsukeshi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ijichi
- Division of Translational Research, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsukeshi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Fujimoto
- Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-3-6 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobeshi, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Yasunaru Sakuma
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsukeshi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Naohiro Sata
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsukeshi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Joji Kitayama
- Division of Translational Research, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsukeshi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsukeshi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The Impact of Melatonin Supplementation and NLRP3 Inflammasome Deletion on Age-Accompanied Cardiac Damage. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081269. [PMID: 34439517 PMCID: PMC8389221 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiac aging, we evaluate here morphological and ultrastructural age-related changes of cardiac muscles fibers in wild-type and NLRP3-knockout mice, as well as studying the beneficial effect of melatonin therapy. The results clarified the beginning of the cardiac sarcopenia at the age of 12 months, with hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes, increased expression of β-MHC, appearance of small necrotic fibers, decline of cadiomyocyte number, destruction of mitochondrial cristae, appearance of small-sized residual bodies, and increased apoptotic nuclei ratio. These changes were progressed in the cardiac myocytes of 24 old mice, accompanied by excessive collagen deposition, higher expressions of IL-1α, IL-6, and TNFα, complete mitochondrial vacuolation and damage, myofibrils disorganization, multivesicular bodies formation, and nuclear fragmentation. Interestingly, cardiac myocytes of NLRP3-/- mice showed less detectable age-related changes compared with WT mice. Oral melatonin therapy preserved the normal cardiomyocytes structure, restored cardiomyocytes number, and reduced β-MHC expression of cardiac hypertrophy. In addition, melatonin recovered mitochondrial architecture, reduced apoptosis and multivesicular bodies' formation, and decreased expressions of β-MHC, IL-1α, and IL-6. Fewer cardiac sarcopenic changes and highly remarkable protective effects of melatonin treatment detected in aged cardiomyocytes of NLRP3-/- mice compared with aged WT animals, confirming implication of the NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiac aging. Thus, NLRP3 suppression and melatonin therapy may be therapeutic approaches for age-related cardiac sarcopenia.
Collapse
|
12
|
Melatonin, Its Metabolites and Their Interference with Reactive Nitrogen Compounds. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134105. [PMID: 34279445 PMCID: PMC8271479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin and several of its metabolites are interfering with reactive nitrogen. With the notion of prevailing melatonin formation in tissues that exceeds by far the quantities in blood, metabolites come into focus that are poorly found in the circulation. Apart from their antioxidant actions, both melatonin and N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMK) downregulate inducible and inhibit neuronal NO synthases, and additionally scavenge NO. However, the NO adduct of melatonin redonates NO, whereas AMK forms with NO a stable product. Many other melatonin metabolites formed in oxidative processes also contain nitrosylatable sites. Moreover, AMK readily scavenges products of the CO2-adduct of peroxynitrite such as carbonate radicals and NO2. Protein AMKylation seems to be involved in protective actions.
Collapse
|
13
|
Li J, Wu G, Song W, Liu Y, Han Z, Shen Z, Li Y. Prophylactic Melatonin Treatment Ameliorated Propofol-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction in Aged Rats. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:227-239. [PMID: 33159663 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Considering the fact that melatonin acts as protective agent in various cognitive impairment, we decided to explore the precise effect of pretreatment with melatonin on cognitive function, mitochondrial activity, apoptosis and synaptic integrity in aged rats anesthetized by propofol. We first randomly allocated the thirty Sprague Dawley rats into three groups: Control vehicle-treated group (Con), Propofol-treated group (Pro) and Melatonin + Propofol group (Mel + Pro). The Barnes maze, open field and contextual fear conditioning test were employed to evaluate spatial memory, exploratory behavior and general locomotor activity, and hippocampus-dependent learning and memory ability, respectively. Moreover, mitochondrial function (including reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels) and apoptosis were detected in the regions of hippocampus (HIP) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). The results of behavioral tests suggested that melatonin improved propofol-induced memory impairment in aged rats. Melatonin mitigated mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased the apoptotic cell counts in the regions of HIP and PFC. Furthermore, prophylactic melatonin treatment also reversed the propofol-induced inactivation of PKA/CREB/BDNF signaling and synaptic dysfunction. On the whole, our results indicated that melatonin ameliorated the propofol-induced cognitive disorders via attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, inactivation of PKA/CREB/BDNF signaling and synaptic dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Laboratory of RNA and Major Diseases of Brain and Hearts, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Guiyun Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Laboratory of RNA and Major Diseases of Brain and Hearts, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Wen Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Laboratory of RNA and Major Diseases of Brain and Hearts, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yafang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Laboratory of RNA and Major Diseases of Brain and Hearts, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhixiao Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Laboratory of RNA and Major Diseases of Brain and Hearts, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhiwen Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Laboratory of RNA and Major Diseases of Brain and Hearts, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yujuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Laboratory of RNA and Major Diseases of Brain and Hearts, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fernández-Ortiz M, Sayed RKA, Fernández-Martínez J, Cionfrini A, Aranda-Martínez P, Escames G, de Haro T, Acuña-Castroviejo D. Melatonin/Nrf2/NLRP3 Connection in Mouse Heart Mitochondria during Aging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121187. [PMID: 33260800 PMCID: PMC7760557 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a major risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Age-related disorders include oxidative stress, mitochondria dysfunction, and exacerbation of the NF-κB/NLRP3 innate immune response pathways. Some of the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes, however, remain unclear. This study tested the hypothesis that NLRP3 inflammasome plays a role in cardiac aging and melatonin is able to counteract its effects. With the aim of investigating the impact of NLRP3 inflammasome and the actions and target of melatonin in aged myocardium, we analyzed the expression of proteins implied in mitochondria dynamics, autophagy, apoptosis, Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response and mitochondria ultrastructure in heart of wild-type and NLRP3-knockout mice of 3, 12, and 24 months-old, with and without melatonin treatment. Our results showed that the absence of NLRP3 prevented age-related mitochondrial dynamic alterations in cardiac muscle with minimal effects in cardiac autophagy during aging. The deficiency of the inflammasome affected Bax/Bcl2 ratio, but not p53 or caspase 9. The Nrf2-antioxidant pathway was also unaffected by the absence of NLRP3. Furthermore, NLRP3-deficiency prevented the drop in autophagy and mice showed less mitochondrial damage than wild-type animals. Interestingly, melatonin treatment recovered mitochondrial dynamics altered by aging and had few effects on cardiac autophagy. Melatonin supplementation also had an anti-apoptotic action in addition to restoring Nrf2-antioxidant capacity and improving mitochondria ultrastructure altered by aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Fernández-Ortiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-O.); (R.K.A.S.); (J.F.-M.); (A.C.); (P.A.-M.); (G.E.)
| | - Ramy K. A. Sayed
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-O.); (R.K.A.S.); (J.F.-M.); (A.C.); (P.A.-M.); (G.E.)
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - José Fernández-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-O.); (R.K.A.S.); (J.F.-M.); (A.C.); (P.A.-M.); (G.E.)
| | - Antonia Cionfrini
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-O.); (R.K.A.S.); (J.F.-M.); (A.C.); (P.A.-M.); (G.E.)
| | - Paula Aranda-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-O.); (R.K.A.S.); (J.F.-M.); (A.C.); (P.A.-M.); (G.E.)
| | - Germaine Escames
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-O.); (R.K.A.S.); (J.F.-M.); (A.C.); (P.A.-M.); (G.E.)
- CIBERfes, Ibs. Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Tomás de Haro
- UGC de Laboratorios Clínicos, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Darío Acuña-Castroviejo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-O.); (R.K.A.S.); (J.F.-M.); (A.C.); (P.A.-M.); (G.E.)
- CIBERfes, Ibs. Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- UGC de Laboratorios Clínicos, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958-241-000 (ext. 20169)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sayed RKA, Mokhtar DM, Fernández-Ortiz M, Fernández-Martínez J, Aranda-Martínez P, Escames G, Acuña-Castroviejo D. Lack of retinoid acid receptor-related orphan receptor alpha accelerates and melatonin supplementation prevents testicular aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:12648-12668. [PMID: 32644943 PMCID: PMC7377884 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The role of retinoid acid receptor-related orphan receptor alpha (RORα) on male reproductive functions during aging is unclear. Here, we analyze the morphological changes in the testis of both young and aged RORα-deficient mice, with and without melatonin supplementation. Young mutants showed vacuolation, degeneration and pyknosis of spermatogenic epithelium and Sertoli cells. Aged mutants showed atrophy of the seminiferous tubules and absence of mitotic spermatogenic cells. Absence of sperms in many tubules, loss of acrosomal cap, vacuolation and hypertrophy of Sertoli cells were detected in aged mice, with a significant reduction in the number of seminiferous tubules and a significant increase in the number of Leydig cells and telocytes. Repair in seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissues with enhancement of spermatogenesis was observed in melatonin-treated aged mice. Young mutants overexpressed VEGF that was weaker in aged animals and observed only in the spermatocytes, while melatonin increased VEGF expression in spermatocytes and spermatids. Caspase 3 increased in both young and aged mutant mice in all seminiferous tubules and interstitium; caspase 3 immunostaining in seminiferous tubules, however, showed a normal pattern of apoptosis with melatonin supplementation. The present study reports that age-dependent testicular changes in RORα mutant mice were recovered by melatonin treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramy K A Sayed
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Doaa M Mokhtar
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Marisol Fernández-Ortiz
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - José Fernández-Martínez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Paula Aranda-Martínez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Germaine Escames
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain.,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento, Ibs. Granada, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Laboratorios Clínicos, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Darío Acuña-Castroviejo
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain.,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento, Ibs. Granada, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Laboratorios Clínicos, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada 18016, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sayed RKA, Fernández-Ortiz M, Diaz-Casado ME, Aranda-Martínez P, Fernández-Martínez J, Guerra-Librero A, Escames G, López LC, Alsaadawy RM, Acuña-Castroviejo D. Lack of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Reduces Age-Dependent Sarcopenia and Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Favoring the Prophylactic Effect of Melatonin. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:1699-1708. [PMID: 30869745 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in muscular aging, we evaluated here the morphological and functional markers of sarcopenia in the NLRP3-knockout mice, as well as the beneficial effect of melatonin supplementation. The gastrocnemius muscles of young (3 months), early-aged (12 months), and old-aged (24 months) NLRP3-knockout female mice were examined. Moreover, locomotor activity and apoptosis were assessed. The results revealed early markers of sarcopenia at the age of 12 months, including reduction of lactate, ratio of muscle weight to body weight, muscle fibers number, and mitochondrial number. Increased interstitial tissues, apoptosis, and muscle fibers area, as well as mitochondrial damage were detected, with little muscular activity effects. In the old-aged, these alterations progressed with a reduction in locomotor activity, mitochondrial cristae destruction, nuclear fragmentation, tubular aggregates (TAs) formation, and increased frailty index. Oral melatonin supplementation preserved the normal muscular structure, muscle fibers number, and muscular activity in old age. Melatonin enhanced lactate production, recovered mitochondria, inhibited TAs formation, reduced apoptosis, and normalized frailty index. The fewer sarcopenic changes as well as the highly detectable prophylactic effects of melatonin treatment reported here in the muscle of NLRP3-knockout mice comparing with that previously detected in wild-type mice, confirming NLRP3 inflammasome implication in muscular aging and sarcopenia onset and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramy K A Sayed
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Spain.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt
| | - Marisol Fernández-Ortiz
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - María E Diaz-Casado
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Paula Aranda-Martínez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - José Fernández-Martínez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Guerra-Librero
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Germaine Escames
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain.,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento, Ibs. Granada, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Laboratorios Clínicos, Complejo Hospitalario de Granada, Spain
| | - Luis C López
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain.,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento, Ibs. Granada, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Laboratorios Clínicos, Complejo Hospitalario de Granada, Spain
| | - Reem M Alsaadawy
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Darío Acuña-Castroviejo
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain.,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento, Ibs. Granada, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Laboratorios Clínicos, Complejo Hospitalario de Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hosseini L, Farokhi-Sisakht F, Badalzadeh R, Khabbaz A, Mahmoudi J, Sadigh-Eteghad S. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide and Melatonin Alleviate Aging-induced Cognitive Impairment via Modulation of Mitochondrial Function and Apoptosis in the Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus. Neuroscience 2019; 423:29-37. [PMID: 31678348 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Given the fact that both melatonin and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) act as pleiotropic agents in various age-related cognitive disorders, we aimed to investigate the effect of these compounds separately and together on the cognitive outcomes, mitochondrial function, and apoptosis in aged rats. Forty old and ten young (24 and 3 months old, respectively) male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into five groups: Young+Normal saline (NS), Aged+NS, Aged+Melatonin, Aged+NMN, and Aged+melatonin+NMN. Melatonin (10 mg/kg) and NMN (100 mg/kg) were administered, separately or in combination for 28 every other day in aged animals. The Barnes maze and novel object recognition test were used to assess spatial and episodic-like memories, respectively. Also, apoptosis and alterations in mitochondrial function including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ATP levels as well as mitochondrial membrane potential were assessed in both prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIP) regions. Behavioral results revealed that NMN and melatonin separately or in combination, alleviate aging-induced memory impairment. Moreover, agents' co-administration declined mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptotic cell count both in PFC and HIP regions. The agents separately or in combination (more potent) could induce neuroprotective effect and improve learning and memory in aged animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Hosseini
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Reza Badalzadeh
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Molecular Medicine Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aytak Khabbaz
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mortezaee K, Potes Y, Mirtavoos-Mahyari H, Motevaseli E, Shabeeb D, Musa AE, Najafi M, Farhood B. Boosting immune system against cancer by melatonin: A mechanistic viewpoint. Life Sci 2019; 238:116960. [PMID: 31629760 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a disease of high complexity. Resistance to therapy is a major challenge in cancer targeted therapies. Overcoming this resistance requires a deep knowledge of the cellular interactions within tumor. Natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are the main anti-cancer immune cells, while T regulatory cells (Tregs) and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) facilitate immune escape of cancer cells. Melatonin is a natural agent with anti-cancer functions that has also been suggested as an adjuvant in combination with cancer therapy modalities such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and tumor vaccination. One of the main effects of melatonin is regulation of immune responses against cancer cells. Melatonin has been shown to potentiate the activities of anti-cancer immune cells, as well as attenuating the activities of Tregs and CAFs. It also has a potent effect on the mitochondria, which may change immune responses against cancer. In this review, we explain the mechanisms of immune regulation by melatonin involved in its anti-cancer effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Yaiza Potes
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Hanifeh Mirtavoos-Mahyari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dheyauldeen Shabeeb
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Eleojo Musa
- Department of Medical Physics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Stakišaitis D, Juknevičienė M, Damanskienė E, Valančiūtė A, Balnytė I, Alonso MM. The Importance of Gender-Related Anticancer Research on Mitochondrial Regulator Sodium Dichloroacetate in Preclinical Studies In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081210. [PMID: 31434295 PMCID: PMC6721567 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) is an investigational medicinal product which has a potential anticancer preparation as a metabolic regulator in cancer cells’ mitochondria. Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases by DCA keeps the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in the active form, resulting in decreased lactic acid in the tumor microenvironment. This literature review displays the preclinical research data on DCA’s effects on the cell pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency, pyruvate mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, reactive oxygen species generation, and the Na+–K+–2Cl− cotransporter expression regulation in relation to gender. It presents DCA pharmacokinetics and the hepatocarcinogenic effect, and the safety data covers the DCA monotherapy efficacy for various human cancer xenografts in vivo in male and female animals. Preclinical cancer researchers report the synergistic effects of DCA combined with different drugs on cancer by reversing resistance to chemotherapy and promoting cell apoptosis. Researchers note that female and male animals differ in the mechanisms of cancerogenesis but often ignore studying DCA’s effects in relation to gender. Preclinical gender-related differences in DCA pharmacology, pharmacological mechanisms, and the elucidation of treatment efficacy in gonad hormone dependency could be relevant for individualized therapy approaches so that gender-related differences in treatment response and safety can be proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donatas Stakišaitis
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, 08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Milda Juknevičienė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Eligija Damanskienė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Angelija Valančiūtė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ingrida Balnytė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Marta Maria Alonso
- Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, 55 Pamplona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yurova MN, Tyndyk ML, Popovich IG, Golubev AG, Anisimov VN. Gender Specificity of the Effect of Neonatal Melatonin Administration on Lifespan and Age-Associated Pathology in 129/Sv Mice. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057019030184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
21
|
Griñán-Ferré C, Corpas R, Puigoriol-Illamola D, Palomera-Ávalos V, Sanfeliu C, Pallàs M. Understanding Epigenetics in the Neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's Disease: SAMP8 Mouse Model. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:943-963. [PMID: 29562529 PMCID: PMC5870033 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics is emerging as the missing link among genetic inheritance, environmental influences, and body and brain health status. In the brain, specific changes in nucleic acids or their associated proteins in neurons and glial cells might imprint differential patterns of gene activation that will favor either cognitive enhancement or cognitive loss for more than one generation. Furthermore, derangement of age-related epigenetic signaling is appearing as a significant risk factor for illnesses of aging, including neurodegeneration and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In addition, better knowledge of epigenetic mechanisms might provide hints and clues in the triggering and progression of AD. Intense research in experimental models suggests that molecular interventions for modulating epigenetic mechanisms might have therapeutic applications to promote cognitive maintenance through an advanced age. The SAMP8 mouse is a senescence model with AD traits in which the study of epigenetic alterations may unveil epigenetic therapies against the AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Griñán-Ferré
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry (Pharmacology Section) and Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona and CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Corpas
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, IDIBAPS and CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Puigoriol-Illamola
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry (Pharmacology Section) and Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona and CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica Palomera-Ávalos
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry (Pharmacology Section) and Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona and CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Coral Sanfeliu
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, IDIBAPS and CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry (Pharmacology Section) and Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona and CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Boga JA, Caballero B, Potes Y, Perez-Martinez Z, Reiter RJ, Vega-Naredo I, Coto-Montes A. Therapeutic potential of melatonin related to its role as an autophagy regulator: A review. J Pineal Res 2019; 66:e12534. [PMID: 30329173 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There are several pathologies, syndromes, and physiological processes in which autophagy is involved. This process of self-digestion that cells trigger as a survival mechanism is complex and tightly regulated, according to the homeostatic conditions of the organ. However, in all cases, its relationship with oxidative stress alterations is evident, following a pathway that suggests endoplasmic reticulum stress and/or mitochondrial changes. There is accumulating evidence of the beneficial role that melatonin has in the regulation and restoration of damaged autophagic processes. In this review, we focus on major physiological changes such as aging and essential pathologies including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, viral infections and obesity, and document the essential role of melatonin in the regulation of autophagy in each of these different situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Boga
- Service of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Caballero
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Yaiza Potes
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Zulema Perez-Martinez
- Service of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ignacio Vega-Naredo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Coto-Montes
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nehela Y, Killiny N. Infection with phytopathogenic bacterium inhibits melatonin biosynthesis, decreases longevity of its vector, and suppresses the free radical-defense. J Pineal Res 2018; 65:e12511. [PMID: 29786865 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Vector-borne phytopathogenic bacteria may alter the reproductive fitness, survival, behavior, and metabolism of their vectors. Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) is associated with the Huanglongbing (also known as citrus greening disease), one of the most destructive citrus diseases worldwide, and transmitted by Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Insecta, Hemiptera, Liviidae). The genome sequencing of CLas revealed that it does not have the ability to synthesize tryptophan, the precursor of melatonin, and it must acquire it from its host plant or insect vector to achieve its biologic processes, such as growth and multiplication. Herein, we aimed to develop a GC-MS-SIM-based method to detect the endogenous melatonin from small insects such as D. citri, and to explore the hidden relationship between melatonin content and D. citri-adult survival. Then, we studied the ability of exogenous melatonin supplementation to reverse the negative effects of CLas-infection. Our findings showed that CLas-infection reduced the levels of melatonin and its biosynthetic genes (DcTPHs, DcAAAD, DcSNAT, and DcASMT) of D. citri compared to uninfected insects. In addition, CLas decreased the longevity of its vector, D. citri via the suppression of the free radical-defense associated genes (SODs, GSTs, PODs, and PHGPXs). On the other hand, melatonin supplementation could reverse the negative effects of CLas-infection. Melatonin supplementation enhanced the endogenous melatonin content, melatonin biosynthetic genes, free radical-defense associated genes, and the longevity of both healthy and CLas-infected D. citri. Furthermore, melatonin supplementation decreased the CLas bacterial population within the D. citri psyllids. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that melatonin plays multi-layered defensive roles in D. citri. These roles include acting as a natural antioxidant or as an antibacterial compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Nehela
- Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
| | - Nabil Killiny
- Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Odinokov D, Hamblin MR. Aging of lymphoid organs: Can photobiomodulation reverse age-associated thymic involution via stimulation of extrapineal melatonin synthesis and bone marrow stem cells? JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201700282. [PMID: 29227581 PMCID: PMC5995606 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Thymic atrophy and the subsequent reduction in T-cell production are the most noticeable age-related changes affecting lymphoid organs in the immune system. In fact, thymic involution has been described as "programmed aging." New therapeutic approaches, such as photobiomodulation (PBM), may reduce or reverse these changes. PBM (also known as low-level laser therapy) involves the delivery of non-thermal levels of red or near-infrared light that are absorbed by mitochondrial chromophores, in order to prevent tissue death and stimulate healing and regeneration. PBM may reverse or prevent thymic involution due to its ability to induce extrapineal melatonin biosynthesis via cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) or NF-kB activation, or alternatively by stimulating bone marrow stem cells that can regenerate the thymus. This perspective puts forward a hypothesis that PBM can alter thymic involution, improve immune functioning in aged people and even extend lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Odinokov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sayed RKA, Fernández-Ortiz M, Diaz-Casado ME, Rusanova I, Rahim I, Escames G, López LC, Mokhtar DM, Acuña-Castroviejo D. The Protective Effect of Melatonin Against Age-Associated, Sarcopenia-Dependent Tubular Aggregate Formation, Lactate Depletion, and Mitochondrial Changes. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2018; 73:1330-1338. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ramy K A Sayed
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt
| | - Marisol Fernández-Ortiz
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - María E Diaz-Casado
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Iryna Rusanova
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento, Ibs. Granada, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Laboratorios Clínicos, Complejo Hospitalario de Granada, Spain
| | - Ibtissem Rahim
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Spain
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science Biologiques, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumedienne (USTHB), Algeria
| | - Germaine Escames
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento, Ibs. Granada, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Laboratorios Clínicos, Complejo Hospitalario de Granada, Spain
| | - Luis C López
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento, Ibs. Granada, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Laboratorios Clínicos, Complejo Hospitalario de Granada, Spain
| | - Doaa M Mokhtar
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Darío Acuña-Castroviejo
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento, Ibs. Granada, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Laboratorios Clínicos, Complejo Hospitalario de Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Barquissau V, Capel F, Dardevet D, Feillet-Coudray C, Gallinier A, Chauvin MA, Rieusset J, Morio B. Reactive oxygen species enhance mitochondrial function, insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle of senescence accelerated prone mice SAMP8. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 113:267-279. [PMID: 29024807 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Whereas reactive oxygen species (ROS) can have opposite impacts on insulin signaling, they have mainly been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle. We analyzed the relationship between these three features in skeletal muscle of senescence accelerated mice (SAM) prone (P8), which are characterized by enhanced oxidative stress compared to SAM resistant (R1). Oxidative stress, ROS production, antioxidant system, mitochondrial content and functioning, as well as in vitro and in vivo insulin signaling were investigated in gastrocnemius and quadriceps muscles. In SAMP8 compared to SAMR1, muscle content in carbonylated proteins was two-fold (p < 0.01) and ROS production by xanthine oxidase 70% (p < 0.05) higher. Furthermore, insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation measured in vivo and ex vivo as well as muscle glucose uptake measured ex vivo were significantly higher (p < 0.05). Mitochondrial respiration evidenced uncoupling and higher respiration rates with substrates of complexes II and IV, in agreement with higher maximal activity of complexes II and IV (+ 18% and 62%, respectively, p < 0.05). By contrast, maximal activity of complex I was 22% lower (p < 0.05). All strain differences were corrected after 6 months of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment, thus supporting the involvement of high ROS production in these differences. In conclusion in muscle of SAMP8 compared to SAMR1, high ROS production is associated to higher insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake but to lower mitochondrial complex I activity. These conflicting adaptations, with regards to the resulting imbalance between NADH production and use, were associated with intrinsic adjustments in the mitochondrial respiration chain (mitochondrial uncoupling, enhanced complexes II and IV activity). We propose that these bioenergetics adaptations may help at preserving muscle metabolic flexibility of SAMP8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Barquissau
- INRA UMR1019 Nutrition Humaine, Laboratoire de Nutrition Humaine, Université d'Auvergne, CRNH, 58 rue Montalembert BP321, 63009 Clermont Ferrand Cedex 1, France
| | - Frédéric Capel
- INRA UMR1019 Nutrition Humaine, Laboratoire de Nutrition Humaine, Université d'Auvergne, CRNH, 58 rue Montalembert BP321, 63009 Clermont Ferrand Cedex 1, France
| | - Dominique Dardevet
- INRA UMR1019 Nutrition Humaine, Laboratoire de Nutrition Humaine, Université d'Auvergne, CRNH, 58 rue Montalembert BP321, 63009 Clermont Ferrand Cedex 1, France
| | | | - Anne Gallinier
- 4STROMALab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS ERL5311, EFS, INP-ENVT, Inserm U1031, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Chauvin
- INRA UMR1397, Laboratoire CarMeN, Inserm UMR1060, Université Lyon 1, INSA de Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, BP 12, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69921 Oullins Cedex, France
| | - Jennifer Rieusset
- INRA UMR1397, Laboratoire CarMeN, Inserm UMR1060, Université Lyon 1, INSA de Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, BP 12, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69921 Oullins Cedex, France
| | - Béatrice Morio
- INRA UMR1019 Nutrition Humaine, Laboratoire de Nutrition Humaine, Université d'Auvergne, CRNH, 58 rue Montalembert BP321, 63009 Clermont Ferrand Cedex 1, France; INRA UMR1397, Laboratoire CarMeN, Inserm UMR1060, Université Lyon 1, INSA de Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, BP 12, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69921 Oullins Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hardeland R. Melatonin and the electron transport chain. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3883-3896. [PMID: 28785805 PMCID: PMC11107625 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2615-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin protects the electron transport chain (ETC) in multiple ways. It reduces levels of ·NO by downregulating inducible and inhibiting neuronal nitric oxide synthases (iNOS, nNOS), thereby preventing excessive levels of peroxynitrite. Both ·NO and peroxynitrite-derived free radicals, such as ·NO2, hydroxyl (·OH) and carbonate radicals (CO3·-) cause blockades or bottlenecks in the ETC, by ·NO binding to irons, protein nitrosation, nitration and oxidation, changes that lead to electron overflow or even backflow and, thus, increased formation of superoxide anions (O2·-). Melatonin improves the intramitochondrial antioxidative defense by enhancing reduced glutathione levels and inducing glutathione peroxidase and Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) in the matrix and Cu,Zn-SOD in the intermembrane space. An additional action concerns the inhibition of cardiolipin peroxidation. This oxidative change in the membrane does not only initiate apoptosis or mitophagy, as usually considered, but also seems to occur at low rate, e.g., in aging, and impairs the structural integrity of Complexes III and IV. Moreover, elevated levels of melatonin inhibit the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and shorten its duration. Additionally, high-affinity binding sites in mitochondria have been described. The assumption of direct binding to the amphipathic ramp of Complex I would require further substantiation. The mitochondrial presence of the melatonin receptor MT1 offers the possibility that melatonin acts via an inhibitory G protein, soluble adenylyl cyclase, decreased cAMP and lowered protein kinase A activity, a signaling pathway shown to reduce Complex I activity in the case of a mitochondrial cannabinoid receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Hardeland
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Bürgerstr. 50, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Melatonin Treatment Reduces Oxidative Damage and Normalizes Plasma Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients Suffering from Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathy: A Pilot Study in Three Children. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101728. [PMID: 29036910 PMCID: PMC6151441 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy (CMT) is a motor and sensory neuropathy comprising a heterogeneous group of inherited diseases. The CMT1A phenotype is predominant in the 70% of CMT patients, with nerve conduction velocity reduction and hypertrophic demyelination. These patients have elevated oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Currently, there is no effective cure for CMT; herein, we investigated whether melatonin treatment may reduce the inflammatory and oxidative damage in CMT1A patients. Three patients, aged 8–10 years, were treated with melatonin (60 mg at 21:00 h plus 10 mg at 09:00 h), and plasma levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitrites (NOx), IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, INF-γ, oxidized to reduced glutathione (GSSG/GSH) ratio, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and reductase (GRd), were determined in erythrocytes at 3 and 6 months of treatment. Healthy age- and sex-matched subjects were used as controls. The results showed increased activities of SOD, GST, GPx, and GRd in CMT1A patients, which were reduced at 3 and 6 months of treatment. The GSSG/GSH ratio significantly increased in the patients, returning to control values after melatonin treatment. The inflammatory process was confirmed by the elevation of all proinflammatory cytokines measured, which were also normalized by melatonin. LPO and NOx, which also were elevated in the patients, were normalized by melatonin. The results document beneficial effects of the use of melatonin in CMT1A patients to reduce the hyperoxidative and inflammatory condition, which may correlate with a reduction of the degenerative process.
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Shukla M, Govitrapong P, Boontem P, Reiter RJ, Satayavivad J. Mechanisms of Melatonin in Alleviating Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 15:1010-1031. [PMID: 28294066 PMCID: PMC5652010 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170313123454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic, progressive and prevalent neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of higher cognitive functions and an associated loss of memory. The thus far "incurable" stigma for AD prevails because of variations in the success rates of different treatment protocols in animal and human studies. Among the classical hypotheses explaining AD pathogenesis, the amyloid hypothesis is currently being targeted for drug development. The underlying concept is to prevent the formation of these neurotoxic peptides which play a central role in AD pathology and trigger a multispectral cascade of neurodegenerative processes post-aggregation. This could possibly be achieved by pharmacological inhibition of β- or γ-secretase or stimulating the nonamyloidogenic α-secretase. Melatonin the pineal hormone is a multifunctioning indoleamine. Production of this amphiphilic molecule diminishes with advancing age and this decrease runs parallel with the progression of AD which itself explains the potential benefits of melatonin in line of development and devastating consequences of the disease progression. Our recent studies have revealed a novel mechanism by which melatonin stimulates the nonamyloidogenic processing and inhibits the amyloidogenic processing of β-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) by stimulating α -secretases and consequently down regulating both β- and γ-secretases at the transcriptional level. In this review, we discuss and evaluate the neuroprotective functions of melatonin in AD pathogenesis, including its role in the classical hypotheses in cellular and animal models and clinical interventions in AD patients, and suggest that with early detection, melatonin treatment is qualified to be an anti-AD therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Shukla
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Lak Si, Bangkok10210, Thailand
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Lak Si, Bangkok10210, Thailand
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Parichart Boontem
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Lak Si, Bangkok10210, Thailand
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jutamaad Satayavivad
- Chulabhorn Research Institute and Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok10210, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Vaiserman AM, Lushchak OV, Koliada AK. Anti-aging pharmacology: Promises and pitfalls. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 31:9-35. [PMID: 27524412 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Life expectancy has grown dramatically in modern times. This increase, however, is not accompanied by the same increase in healthspan. Efforts to extend healthspan through pharmacological agents targeting aging-related pathological changes are now in the spotlight of geroscience, the main idea of which is that delaying of aging is far more effective than preventing the particular chronic disorders. Currently, anti-aging pharmacology is a rapidly developing discipline. It is a preventive field of health care, as opposed to conventional medicine which focuses on treating symptoms rather than root causes of illness. A number of pharmacological agents targeting basic aging pathways (i.e., calorie restriction mimetics, autophagy inducers, senolytics etc.) are now under investigation. This review summarizes the literature related to advances, perspectives and challenges in the field of anti-aging pharmacology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Oleh V Lushchak
- Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Preliminary evidence suggesting that nonmetallic and metallic nanoparticle devices protect against the effects of environmental electromagnetic radiation by reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory status. Eur J Integr Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
33
|
Kabir M, Iyer MS, Richey JM, Woolcott OO, Asare Bediako I, Wu Q, Kim SP, Stefanovski D, Kolka CM, Hsu IR, Catalano KJ, Chiu JD, Ionut V, Bergman RN. CB1R antagonist increases hepatic insulin clearance in fat-fed dogs likely via upregulation of liver adiponectin receptors. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E747-58. [PMID: 26306598 PMCID: PMC4609878 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00196.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The improvement of hepatic insulin sensitivity by the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) antagonist rimonabant (RIM) has been recently been reported to be due to upregulation of adiponectin. Several studies demonstrated that improvement in insulin clearance accompanies the enhancement of hepatic insulin sensitivity. However, the effects of RIM on hepatic insulin clearance (HIC) have not been fully explored. The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanism(s) by which RIM affects HIC, specifically to determine whether upregulation of liver adiponectin receptors (ADRs) and other key genes regulated by adiponectin mediate the effects. To induce insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and liver, dogs were fed a hypercaloric high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 wk. Thereafter, while still maintained on a HFD, animals received RIM (HFD+RIM; n = 11) or placebo (HFD+PL; n = 9) for an additional 16 wk. HIC, calculated as the metabolic clearance rate (MCR), was estimated from the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. The HFD+PL group showed a decrease in MCR; in contrast, the HFD+RIM group increased MCR. Consistently, the expression of genes involved in HIC, CEACAM-1 and IDE, as well as gene expression of liver ADRs, were increased in the HFD+RIM group, but not in the HFD+PL group. We also found a positive correlation between CEACAM-1 and the insulin-degrading enzyme IDE with ADRs. Interestingly, expression of liver genes regulated by adiponectin and involved in lipid oxidation were increased in the HFD+RIM group. We conclude that in fat-fed dogs RIM enhances HIC, which appears to be linked to an upregulation of the adiponectin pathway.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/drug effects
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/drug effects
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat
- Dogs
- Glucose Clamp Technique
- Insulin/metabolism
- Insulin Resistance
- Insulysin/drug effects
- Insulysin/metabolism
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Male
- Metabolic Clearance Rate
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Adiponectin/drug effects
- Receptors, Adiponectin/genetics
- Receptors, Adiponectin/metabolism
- Rimonabant
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morvarid Kabir
- Cedars-Sinai Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Malini S Iyer
- Cedars-Sinai Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Joyce M Richey
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Orison O Woolcott
- Cedars-Sinai Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Isaac Asare Bediako
- Cedars-Sinai Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Qiang Wu
- Cedars-Sinai Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Stella P Kim
- Cedars-Sinai Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Darko Stefanovski
- Cedars-Sinai Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Cathryn M Kolka
- Cedars-Sinai Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Isabel R Hsu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Karyn J Catalano
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jenny D Chiu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Viorica Ionut
- Cedars-Sinai Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Richard N Bergman
- Cedars-Sinai Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, California; and
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Paradies G, Paradies V, Ruggiero FM, Petrosillo G. Protective role of melatonin in mitochondrial dysfunction and related disorders. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:923-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1475-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
35
|
Escames G, Díaz-Casado ME, Doerrier C, Luna-Sánchez M, López LC, Acuña-Castroviejo D. Early gender differences in the redox status of the brain mitochondria with age: effects of melatonin therapy. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2015; 16:91-100. [PMID: 25436750 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2013-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative/nitrosative stress are common features of senescence, and they explain some of the pathophysiological events during aging. In different animal models of aging, the existence of oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported. There is no information, however, regarding the age when these symptoms begin and if they account for gender differences in aging. Here we analyzed oxidative/nitrosative stress markers and bioenergetics in the brain mitochondria of normal mice during the first 10 months of life, looking for early signs of senescence. Male and female mice were treated with vehicle or melatonin during the first 9 months of life, starting at weaning. Mice were sacrificed at 5 and 10 months of life, and pure brain mitochondria were prepared and assayed for respiratory chain activity, ATP production, and oxidative/nitrosative stress status. The results showed that the brain mitochondria from male mice have a better glutathione cycle than female mice, whereas female mice have higher electron transport chain activity and ATP production at 5 months old. Five months later, however, oxidative/nitrosative stress markers increased in both male and female mice, thus eliminating the differences between the genders. More importantly, these changes were prevented by chronic melatonin administration, which also restored the gender differences found in 5-month-old mice. Thus, melatonin administration as a single therapy can maintain the full function of the brain mitochondria during the early events of aging, a finding that has important consequences in the pathophysiology of brain senescence.
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
The herbal extract 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) is used in clinical practice for ischemic patients in China. It has been shown to have various neuroprotective effects both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, the effects of NBP on learning and memory decline in the senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8 (SAMP8) animal model were investigated. Intragastric NBP administration to 4-month-old SAMP8 mice for 2 months significantly improved spatial learning and memory ability. Moreover, the loss of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-positive neurons in the medial septal nucleus and the vertical limb of the diagonal band in SAMP8 mice was slowed down, as was the decline in the protein and mRNA expression of ChAT in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and forebrain. These results demonstrated that NBP treatment starting at the age of 4 months protected from the learning/memory deficits with aging of SAMP8 mice, and that this effect might be mediated by preventing the decline of the central cholinergic system.
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhang HM, Zhang Y. Melatonin: a well-documented antioxidant with conditional pro-oxidant actions. J Pineal Res 2014; 57:131-46. [PMID: 25060102 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 576] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), an indoleamine produced in many organs including the pineal gland, was initially characterized as a hormone primarily involved in circadian regulation of physiological and neuroendocrine function. Subsequent studies found that melatonin and its metabolic derivatives possess strong free radical scavenging properties. These metabolites are potent antioxidants against both ROS (reactive oxygen species) and RNS (reactive nitrogen species). The mechanisms by which melatonin and its metabolites protect against free radicals and oxidative stress include direct scavenging of radicals and radical products, induction of the expression of antioxidant enzymes, reduction of the activation of pro-oxidant enzymes, and maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis. In both in vitro and in vivo studies, melatonin has been shown to reduce oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and DNA under a very wide set of conditions where toxic derivatives of oxygen are known to be produced. Although the vast majority of studies proved the antioxidant capacity of melatonin and its derivatives, a few studies using cultured cells found that melatonin promoted the generation of ROS at pharmacological concentrations (μm to mm range) in several tumor and nontumor cells; thus, melatonin functioned as a conditional pro-oxidant. Mechanistically, melatonin may stimulate ROS production through its interaction with calmodulin. Also, melatonin may interact with mitochondrial complex III or mitochondrial transition pore to promote ROS production. Whether melatonin functions as a pro-oxidant under in vivo conditions is not well documented; thus, whether the reported in vitro pro-oxidant actions come into play in live organisms remains to be established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Mei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Navarro-Alarcón M, Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Blanca-Herrera RM, A-Serrano MM, Acuña-Castroviejo D, Fernández-Vázquez G, Agil A. Melatonin and metabolic regulation: a review. Food Funct 2014; 5:2806-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00317a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
39
|
Effect of antioxidants supplementation on aging and longevity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:404680. [PMID: 24783202 PMCID: PMC3982418 DOI: 10.1155/2014/404680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
If aging is due to or contributed by free radical reactions, as postulated by the free radical theory of aging, lifespan of organisms should be extended by administration of exogenous antioxidants. This paper reviews data on model organisms concerning the effects of exogenous antioxidants (antioxidant vitamins, lipoic acid, coenzyme Q, melatonin, resveratrol, curcumin, other polyphenols, and synthetic antioxidants including antioxidant nanoparticles) on the lifespan of model organisms. Mechanisms of effects of antioxidants, often due to indirect antioxidant action or to action not related to the antioxidant properties of the compounds administered, are discussed. The legitimacy of antioxidant supplementation in human is considered.
Collapse
|
40
|
Cheng XR, Zhou WX, Zhang YX. The behavioral, pathological and therapeutic features of the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 strain as an Alzheimer's disease animal model. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 13:13-37. [PMID: 24269312 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a widespread and devastating progressive neurodegenerative disease. Disease-modifying treatments remain beyond reach, and the etiology of the disease is uncertain. Animal model are essential for identifying disease mechanisms and developing effective therapeutic strategies. Research on AD is currently being carried out in rodent models. The most common transgenic mouse model mimics familial AD, which accounts for a small percentage of cases. The senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) strain is a spontaneous animal model of accelerated aging. Many studies indicate that SAMP8 mice harbor the behavioral and histopathological signatures of AD, namely AD-like cognitive and behavioral alterations, neuropathological phenotypes (neuron and dendrite spine loss, spongiosis, gliosis and cholinergic deficits in the forebrain), β-amyloid deposits resembling senile plaques, and aberrant hyperphosphorylation of Tau-like neurofibrillary tangles. SAMP8 mice are useful in the development of novel therapies, and many pharmacological agents and approaches are effective in SAMP8 mice. SAMP8 mice are considered a robust model for exploring the etiopathogenesis of sporadic AD and a plausible experimental model for developing preventative and therapeutic treatments for late-onset/age-related AD, which accounts for the vast majority of cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-rui Cheng
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Wen-xia Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Yong-xiang Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hardeland R. Melatonin and the theories of aging: a critical appraisal of melatonin's role in antiaging mechanisms. J Pineal Res 2013; 55:325-56. [PMID: 24112071 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The classic theories of aging such as the free radical theory, including its mitochondria-related versions, have largely focused on a few specific processes of senescence. Meanwhile, numerous interconnections have become apparent between age-dependent changes previously thought to proceed more or less independently. Increased damage by free radicals is not only linked to impairments of mitochondrial function, but also to inflammaging as it occurs during immune remodeling and by release of proinflammatory cytokines from mitotically arrested, DNA-damaged cells that exhibit the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Among other effects, SASP can cause mutations in stem cells that reduce the capacity for tissue regeneration or, in worst case, lead to cancer stem cells. Oxidative stress has also been shown to promote telomere attrition. Moreover, damage by free radicals is connected to impaired circadian rhythmicity. Another nexus exists between cellular oscillators and metabolic sensing, in particular to the aging-suppressor SIRT1, which acts as an accessory clock protein. Melatonin, being a highly pleiotropic regulator molecule, interacts directly or indirectly with all the processes mentioned. These influences are critically reviewed, with emphasis on data from aged organisms and senescence-accelerated animals. The sometimes-controversial findings obtained either in a nongerontological context or in comparisons of tumor with nontumor cells are discussed in light of evidence obtained in senescent organisms. Although, in mammals, lifetime extension by melatonin has been rarely documented in a fully conclusive way, a support of healthy aging has been observed in rodents and is highly likely in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Hardeland
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Porquet D, Casadesús G, Bayod S, Vicente A, Canudas AM, Vilaplana J, Pelegrí C, Sanfeliu C, Camins A, Pallàs M, del Valle J. Dietary resveratrol prevents Alzheimer's markers and increases life span in SAMP8. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:1851-65. [PMID: 23129026 PMCID: PMC3776096 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9489-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a polyphenol that is mainly found in grapes and red wine and has been reported to be a caloric restriction (CR) mimetic driven by Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activation. Resveratrol increases metabolic rate, insulin sensitivity, mitochondrial biogenesis and physical endurance, and reduces fat accumulation in mice. In addition, resveratrol may be a powerful agent to prevent age-associated neurodegeneration and to improve cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Moreover, different findings support the view that longevity in mice could be promoted by CR. In this study, we examined the role of dietary resveratrol in SAMP8 mice, a model of age-related AD. We found that resveratrol supplements increased mean life expectancy and maximal life span in SAMP8 and in their control, the related strain SAMR1. In addition, we examined the resveratrol-mediated neuroprotective effects on several specific hallmarks of AD. We found that long-term dietary resveratrol activates AMPK pathways and pro-survival routes such as SIRT1 in vivo. It also reduces cognitive impairment and has a neuroprotective role, decreasing the amyloid burden and reducing tau hyperphosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Porquet
- />Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Av. Joan XXIII s/n., 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Casadesús
- />Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Sergi Bayod
- />Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Av. Joan XXIII s/n., 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Vicente
- />Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Av. Joan XXIII s/n., 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna M. Canudas
- />Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Av. Joan XXIII s/n., 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Vilaplana
- />Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n., 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Pelegrí
- />Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n., 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Coral Sanfeliu
- />Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- />Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Av. Joan XXIII s/n., 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- />Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Av. Joan XXIII s/n., 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- />Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avd. Diagonal, 643-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume del Valle
- />Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Av. Joan XXIII s/n., 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- />Grup de Neuroplasticitat i Regeneració, Institut de Neurociències i Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
López LC, Cabrera-Vique C, Venegas C, García-Corzo L, Luna-Sánchez M, Acuña-Castroviejo D, Escames G. Argan Oil-contained Antioxidants for Human Mitochondria. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300800111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The powerful antioxidant capacity of virgin argan oil is attributed to its content of antioxidant molecules. Recent investigations have identified CoQ10 and melatonin as some of these antioxidant molecules. In this review, we summarize the most recent data about the content of CoQ10 and melatonin in virgin argan oil and the differences found in samples extracted by the traditional and half-industrialized methods. We also emphasize the importance of these two molecules for human health, focusing on their actions in mitochondria. Finally, we refer to other abundant antioxidants in virgin argan oil: tocopherols and polyphenols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis C. López
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Cabrera-Vique
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Venegas
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Laura García-Corzo
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Marta Luna-Sánchez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Darío Acuña-Castroviejo
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Germaine Escames
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Pallàs M. Senescence-Accelerated Mice P8: A Tool to Study Brain Aging and Alzheimer's Disease in a Mouse Model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5402/2012/917167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The causes of aging remain unknown, but they are probably intimately linked to a multifactorial process that affects cell networks to varying degrees. Although a growing number of aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) animal models are available, a more comprehensive and physiological mouse model is required. In this context, the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) has a number of advantages, since its rapid physiological senescence means that it has about half the normal lifespan of a rodent. In addition, according to data gathered over the last five years, some of its behavioral traits and histopathology resemble AD human dementia. SAMP8 has remarkable pathological similarities to AD and may prove to be an excellent model for acquiring more in-depth knowledge of the age-related neurodegenerative processes behind brain senescence and AD in particular. We review these facts and particularly the data on parameters related to neurodegeneration. SAMP8 also shows signs of aging in the immune, vascular, and metabolic systems, among others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mercè Pallàs
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòosia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona y Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Nucli Universitari de Pedralbes, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Song N, Kim AJ, Kim HJ, Jee HJ, Kim M, Yoo YH, Yun J. Melatonin suppresses doxorubicin-induced premature senescence of A549 lung cancer cells by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction. J Pineal Res 2012; 53:335-43. [PMID: 22536785 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2012.01003.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is an indolamine that is synthesized in the pineal gland and shows a wide range of physiological functions. Although the anti-aging properties of melatonin have been reported in a senescence-accelerated mouse model, whether melatonin modulates cellular senescence has not been determined. In this study, we examined the effect of melatonin on anticancer drug-induced cellular premature senescence. We found that the doxorubicin (DOX)-induced senescence of A549 human lung cancer cells and IMR90 normal lung cells was substantially inhibited by cotreatment with melatonin in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, the DOX-induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and the decrease in cyclinB and cdc2 expression were not affected by melatonin. However, the DOX-induced increase in intracellular levels of ROS, which is necessary for premature senescence, was completely abolished upon melatonin cotreatment. In addition, the reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential that occurs upon DOX treatment was inhibited by melatonin. An aberrant increase in mitochondrial respiration was also significantly suppressed by melatonin, indicating that melatonin ameliorates the mitochondrial dysfunction induced by DOX treatment. The treatment of A549 cells with luzindole, a potent inhibitor of melatonin receptors, failed to prevent the effects of melatonin treatment on mitochondrial functions and premature senescence in cells also treated with DOX; this suggests that melatonin suppresses DOX-induced senescence in a melatonin receptor-independent manner. Together, these results reveal that melatonin has an inhibitory effect of melatonin on premature senescence at the cellular level and that melatonin protects A549 cells from DOX-induced senescence. Thus, melatonin might have the therapeutic potential to prevent the side effects of anticancer drug therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naree Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Age-related changes in the rat brain mitochondrial antioxidative enzyme ratios: modulation by melatonin. Exp Gerontol 2012; 47:706-11. [PMID: 22796061 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Revised: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important factor for aging. The antioxidative enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRd) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) play a crucial role protecting the organism against the age-dependent oxidative stress. Glutathione (GSH) is present in nearly all living cells. GSH is one of the main antioxidants in the cell and it serves several physiological functions. Our purpose was to evaluate the age-related changes in mitochondrial GPx, GRd and SOD activities, and mitochondrial GSH pool in the brains of young (3 months) and aged rats (24 months). We also investigated whether melatonin administration influences these brain mitochondrial enzyme activities and GSH levels in young and aged rats. The results showed that GPx activity increased with age, whereas melatonin treatment decreased GPx activity in the aged rats at levels similar to those in young and young+melatonin groups. The activities of GRd and SOD, however, did not change with age. But, melatonin treatment increased SOD activity in the aged rats. GSH levels, which also increased with age, were not modified by melatonin treatment. The reduction in the SOD/GPx and GR/GPx ratios with age was prevented by melatonin administration. Together, our results suggest that the age-related oxidative stress in rat brain mitochondria is more apparent when the antioxidant enzyme ratios are analyzed instead of their absolute values. The antioxidative effects of melatonin were also supported by the recovery of the enzyme ratios during aging.
Collapse
|
47
|
Schmitt K, Grimm A, Kazmierczak A, Strosznajder JB, Götz J, Eckert A. Insights into mitochondrial dysfunction: aging, amyloid-β, and tau-A deleterious trio. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 16:1456-66. [PMID: 22117646 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related progressive neurodegenerative disorder mainly affecting elderly individuals. The pathology of AD is characterized by amyloid plaques (aggregates of amyloid-β [Aβ]) and neurofibrillary tangles (aggregates of tau), but the mechanisms underlying this dysfunction are still partially unclear. RECENT ADVANCES A growing body of evidence supports mitochondrial dysfunction as a prominent and early, chronic oxidative stress-associated event that contributes to synaptic abnormalities and, ultimately, selective neuronal degeneration in AD. CRITICAL ISSUES In this review, we discuss on the one hand whether mitochondrial decline observed in brain aging is a determinant event in the onset of AD and on the other hand the close interrelationship of this organelle with Aβ and tau in the pathogenic process underlying AD. Moreover, we summarize evidence from aging and Alzheimer models showing that the harmful trio "aging, Aβ, and tau protein" triggers mitochondrial dysfunction through a number of pathways, such as impairment of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), elevation of reactive oxygen species production, and interaction with mitochondrial proteins, contributing to the development and progression of the disease. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The aging process may weaken the mitochondrial OXPHOS system in a more general way over many years providing a basis for the specific and destructive effects of Aβ and tau. Establishing strategies involving efforts to protect cells at the mitochondrial level by stabilizing or restoring mitochondrial function and energy homeostasis appears to be challenging, but very promising route on the horizon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Schmitt
- Neurobiology Laboratory for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Acuña-Castroviejo D, Carretero M, Doerrier C, López LC, García-Corzo L, Tresguerres JA, Escames G. Melatonin protects lung mitochondria from aging. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 34:681-692. [PMID: 21614449 PMCID: PMC3337938 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We assessed whether melatonin administration would prevent the hyperoxidative status that occurs in lung mitochondria with age. Mitochondria from lungs of male and female senescent prone mice at 5 and 10 months of age were studied. Age-dependent mitochondrial oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring the levels of lipid peroxidation and nitrite, glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratio, and glutathione peroxidase and reductase activities. Mitochondrial respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation capability were also measured. Age induces a significant oxidative/nitrosative status in lung mitochondria, which exhibited a significantly reduced activity of the respiratory chain and ATP production. These manifestations of age were more pronounced in males than in females. After 9 months of melatonin administration in the drinking water, the hyperoxidative status and functional deficiency of aged lung mitochondria were totally counteracted, and had increased ATP production. The beneficial effects of melatonin were generally similar in both mice genders. Thus, melatonin administration, as a single therapy, maintained fully functioning lung mitochondria during aging, a finding with important consequences in the pathophysiology of lung aging. In view of these data melatonin, the production of which decreases with age, should be considered a preventive therapy against the hyperoxidative status of the aged lungs, and its use may lead to the avoidance of respiratory complications in the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darío Acuña-Castroviejo
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Carretero
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carolina Doerrier
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis C. López
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Laura García-Corzo
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús A. Tresguerres
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Germaine Escames
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hardeland R. Neurobiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of melatonin deficiency and dysfunction. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:640389. [PMID: 22629173 PMCID: PMC3354573 DOI: 10.1100/2012/640389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a highly pleiotropic signaling molecule, which is released as a hormone of the pineal gland predominantly during night. Melatonin secretion decreases during aging. Reduced melatonin levels are also observed in various diseases, such as types of dementia, some mood disorders, severe pain, cancer, and diabetes type 2. Melatonin dysfunction is frequently related to deviations in amplitudes, phasing, and coupling of circadian rhythms. Gene polymorphisms of melatonin receptors and circadian oscillator proteins bear risks for several of the diseases mentioned. A common symptom of insufficient melatonin signaling is sleep disturbances. It is necessary to distinguish between symptoms that are curable by short melatonergic actions and others that require extended actions during night. Melatonin immediate release is already effective, at moderate doses, for reducing difficulties of falling asleep or improving symptoms associated with poorly coupled circadian rhythms, including seasonal affective and bipolar disorders. For purposes of a replacement therapy based on longer-lasting melatonergic actions, melatonin prolonged release and synthetic agonists have been developed. Therapies with melatonin or synthetic melatonergic drugs have to consider that these agents do not only act on the SCN, but also on numerous organs and cells in which melatonin receptors are also expressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Hardeland
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Georg August University, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Morley JE, Armbrecht HJ, Farr SA, Kumar VB. The senescence accelerated mouse (SAMP8) as a model for oxidative stress and Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012; 1822:650-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|