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Effect of celecoxib in treatment of burn-induced hypermetabolism. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:222637. [PMID: 32285919 PMCID: PMC7189361 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20191607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of prostanoid biosynthesis. Under pathologic conditions, COX-2 activity can produce reactive oxygen species and toxic prostaglandin metabolites that exacerbate injury and metabolic disturbance. The present study was performed to investigate the effect of Celecoxib (the inhibitor of COX-2) treatment on lipolysis in burn mice. Methods: One hundred male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into sham group, burn group, celecoxib group, and burn with celecoxib group (25 mice in each group). Thirty percent total body surface area (TBSA) full-thickness injury was made for mice to mimic burn injuries. Volume of oxygen uptake (VO2), volume of carbon dioxide output (VCO2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), energy expenditure (EE), COX-2 and uncoupled protein-1 (UCP-1) expression in brown adipose tissue (BAT) were measured for different groups. Results: Adipose tissue (AT) activation was associated with the augmentation of mitochondria biogenesis, and UCP-1 expression in isolated iBAT mitochondria. In addition, VO2, VCO2, EE, COX-2, and UCP-1 expression were significantly higher in burn group than in burn with celecoxib group (P<0.05). Conclusion: BAT plays important roles in burn injury-induced hypermetabolism through its morphological changes and elevating the expression of UCP-1. Celecoxib could improve lipolysis after burn injury.
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Reduced brain UCP2 expression mediated by microRNA-503 contributes to increased stroke susceptibility in the high-salt fed stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat. Cell Death Dis 2017. [PMID: 28640254 PMCID: PMC5520932 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UCP2 maps nearby the lod score peak of STR1-stroke QTL in the SHRSP rat strain. We explored the potential contribution of UCP2 to the high-salt diet (JD)-dependent increased stroke susceptibility of SHRSP. Male SHRSP, SHRSR, two reciprocal SHRSR/SHRSP-STR1/QTL stroke congenic lines received JD for 4 weeks to detect brain UCP2 gene/protein modulation as compared with regular diet (RD). Brains were also analyzed for NF-κB protein expression, oxidative stress level and UCP2-targeted microRNAs expression level. Next, based on knowledge that fenofibrate and Brassica Oleracea (BO) stimulate UCP2 expression through PPARα activation, we monitored stroke occurrence in SHRSP receiving JD plus fenofibrate versus vehicle, JD plus BO juice versus BO juice plus PPARα inhibitor. Brain UCP2 expression was markedly reduced by JD in SHRSP and in the (SHRsr.SHRsp-(D1Rat134-Mt1pa)) congenic line, whereas NF-κB expression and oxidative stress level increased. The opposite phenomenon was observed in the SHRSR and in the (SHRsp.SHRsr-(D1Rat134-Mt1pa)) reciprocal congenic line. Interestingly, the UCP2-targeted rno-microRNA-503 was significantly upregulated in SHRSP and decreased in SHRSR upon JD, with consistent changes in the two reciprocal congenic lines. Both fenofibrate and BO significantly decreased brain microRNA-503 level, upregulated UCP2 expression and protected SHRSP from stroke occurrence. In vitro overexpression of microRNA-503 in endothelial cells suppressed UCP2 expression and led to a significant increase of cell mortality with decreased cell viability. Brain UCP2 downregulation is a determinant of increased stroke predisposition in high-salt-fed SHRSP. In this context, UCP2 can be modulated by both pharmacological and nutraceutical agents. The microRNA-503 significantly contributes to mediate brain UCP2 downregulation in JD-fed SHRSP.
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Dhamrait SS, Maubaret C, Pedersen-Bjergaard U, Brull DJ, Gohlke P, Payne JR, World M, Thorsteinsson B, Humphries SE, Montgomery HE. Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins regulate angiotensin-converting enzyme expression: crosstalk between cellular and endocrine metabolic regulators suggested by RNA interference and genetic studies. Bioessays 2016; 38 Suppl 1:S107-18. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201670909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbir S. Dhamrait
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, BHF Laboratories; University College London; London UK
- Department of Cardiology; Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust; West Sussex UK
| | - Cecilia Maubaret
- Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique; Bordeaux France
| | - Ulrik Pedersen-Bjergaard
- Department of Cardiology, Nephrology and Endocrinology; Hillerød Hospital; Hillerød Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - David J. Brull
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, BHF Laboratories; University College London; London UK
- Department of Cardiology; The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust; London UK
| | - Peter Gohlke
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology; University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein; Kiel Germany
| | - John R. Payne
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, BHF Laboratories; University College London; London UK
- Scottish National Advanced Heart Failure Service; Golden Jubilee National Hospital; Clydebank UK
| | - Michael World
- Royal Centre for Defence Medicine; Queen Elizabeth Hospital; Birmingham UK
| | - Birger Thorsteinsson
- Department of Cardiology, Nephrology and Endocrinology; Hillerød Hospital; Hillerød Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Steve E. Humphries
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, BHF Laboratories; University College London; London UK
| | - Hugh E. Montgomery
- UCL and National Centre for Sport, Exercise & Health; University College London; London UK
- UCL Institute for Human Health and Performance; University College London; London UK
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Rubattu S, Bianchi F, Busceti CL, Cotugno M, Stanzione R, Marchitti S, Di Castro S, Madonna M, Nicoletti F, Volpe M. Differential modulation of AMPK/PPARα/UCP2 axis in relation to hypertension and aging in the brain, kidneys and heart of two closely related spontaneously hypertensive rat strains. Oncotarget 2015; 6:18800-18. [PMID: 26023797 PMCID: PMC4662457 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined expression protein of AMPK/SIRT1/PGC1α/PhoxO3a/PPARα/UCP2 pathway in brain, kidneys and heart of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) vs stroke-resistant SHR (SHRSR) at different weeks of age, up to one year, in order to test the hypothesis that abnormalities within this pathway could associate with higher susceptibility of SHRSP to develop hypertension-related vascular damage. BACKGROUND SHRSP develops severe hypertension and related target organ damage. Marked reduction of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) expression upon high salt-low potassium diet associates with increased renal injury in SHRSP. UCP2 may represent a key mitochondrial protein involved in cardiovascular damage. RESULTS At 2 months of age a significant down-regulation of UCP2 expression at both mRNA and protein levels was found, along with reduced protein expression of all components of UCP2 regulatory pathway, in tissues of SHRSP but not of SHRSR, that progressed with hypertension development and aging. A significant increase of both oxidative stress and inflammation was detected in tissues of SHRSP as a function of age. SBP levels were significantly higher in SHRSP than SHRSR at 3 months of age and thereafter. At one year of age, higher degree of renal damage, with proteinuria and severe glomerular and tubulo-interstitial fibrosis, of cerebral damage, with significant vessel extravasation and stroke occurrence, and of myocardial damage was detected in SHRSP than SHRSR. CONCLUSIONS The early significant reduced expression of the antioxidant AMPK/PPARα/UCP2 pathway that progressed throughout lifetime may contribute to explain higher predisposition of SHRSP to oxidative stress dependent target organ damage in the context of severe hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Speranza Rubattu
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Ospedale S. Andrea, Rome
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Località Camerelle, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Franca Bianchi
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Località Camerelle, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Carla Letizia Busceti
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Località Camerelle, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Maria Cotugno
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Località Camerelle, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Rosita Stanzione
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Località Camerelle, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Simona Marchitti
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Località Camerelle, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Sara Di Castro
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Località Camerelle, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Michele Madonna
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Località Camerelle, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Località Camerelle, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Volpe
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Ospedale S. Andrea, Rome
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Località Camerelle, Pozzilli, Italy
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Dhamrait SS, Maubaret C, Pedersen-Bjergaard U, Brull DJ, Gohlke P, Payne JR, World M, Thorsteinsson B, Humphries SE, Montgomery HE. Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins regulate angiotensin-converting enzyme expression: crosstalk between cellular and endocrine metabolic regulators suggested by RNA interference and genetic studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 1:70-81. [PMID: 27347560 PMCID: PMC4915277 DOI: 10.1002/icl3.1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) regulate mitochondrial function, and thus cellular metabolism. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) is the central component of endocrine and local tissue renin–angiotensin systems (RAS), which also regulate diverse aspects of whole‐body metabolism and mitochondrial function (partly through altering mitochondrial UCP expression). We show that ACE expression also appears to be regulated by mitochondrial UCPs. In genetic analysis of two unrelated populations (healthy young UK men and Scandinavian diabetic patients) serum ACE (sACE) activity was significantly higher amongst UCP3‐55C (rather than T) and UCP2 I (rather than D) allele carriers. RNA interference against UCP2 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells reduced UCP2 mRNA sixfold (P < 0·01) whilst increasing ACE expression within a physiological range (<1·8‐fold at 48 h; P < 0·01). Our findings suggest novel hypotheses. Firstly, cellular feedback regulation may occur between UCPs and ACE. Secondly, cellular UCP regulation of sACE suggests a novel means of crosstalk between (and mutual regulation of) cellular and endocrine metabolism. This might partly explain the reduced risk of developing diabetes and metabolic syndrome with RAS antagonists and offer insight into the origins of cardiovascular disease in which UCPs and ACE both play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbir S Dhamrait
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, BHF Laboratories University College London London UK; Department of Cardiology Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust West Sussex UK
| | | | - Ulrik Pedersen-Bjergaard
- Department of Cardiology, Nephrology and Endocrinology Hillerød Hospital Hillerød Denmark; Faculty of Health Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - David J Brull
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, BHF Laboratories University College London London UK; Department of Cardiology The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust London UK
| | - Peter Gohlke
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein Kiel Germany
| | - John R Payne
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, BHF Laboratories University College London London UK; Scottish National Advanced Heart Failure Service Golden Jubilee National Hospital Clydebank UK
| | - Michael World
- Royal Centre for Defence Medicine Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham UK
| | - Birger Thorsteinsson
- Department of Cardiology, Nephrology and Endocrinology Hillerød Hospital Hillerød Denmark; Faculty of Health Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Steve E Humphries
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, BHF Laboratories University College London London UK
| | - Hugh E Montgomery
- UCL and National Centre for Sport, Exercise & Health University College London London UK; UCL Institute for Human Health and Performance University College London London UK
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Bereiter-Hahn J, Bernd A, Beschmann H, Eberle I, Kippenberger S, Rossberg M, Strecker V, Zöller N. Cellular responses to egg-oil (charismon©). ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ) 2014; 57:41-8. [PMID: 25257149 DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2014.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Egg-oil (Charismon©) is known for its beneficial action in wound healing and other skin irritancies and its antibacterial activity. The physiological basis for these actions has been investigated using cells in culture: HaCaT-cells (immortalized human keratinocytes), human endothelial cells in culture (HUVEC), peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocytes (PBML) and a full thickness human skin model (FTSM). Emphasis was on the influence of egg-oil on cell migration and IL-8 production in HaCaT cells, respiration, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen (ROS) production and proliferation in HUVEC and HaCaT cells, cytokine and interleukin production in PBML and UV-light induced damage of FTSM. IL-8 production by HaCaT cells is stimulated by egg-oil whilst in phythemagglutin in-activated PBMLs production of the interleukins IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-γ and TFN-α is reduced. ROS-production after H(2)O(2) stimulation first is enhanced but later on reduced. Respiration becomes activated due to partial uncoupling of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and proliferation of HaCaT and HUVEC is reduced. Recovery of human epidermis cells in FTSM after UV-irradiation is strongly supported by egg-oil. These results support the view that egg-oil acts through reduction of inflammatory processes and ROS production. Both these processes are equally important in cellular aging as in healing of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Bereiter-Hahn
- Kinematic Cell Research Group, Institute for Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - August Bernd
- Zentrum der Dermatologie und Venerologie, Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Heike Beschmann
- Zentrum der Dermatologie und Venerologie, Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Irina Eberle
- Kinematic Cell Research Group, Institute for Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Kippenberger
- Zentrum der Dermatologie und Venerologie, Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maila Rossberg
- Kinematic Cell Research Group, Institute for Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Valentina Strecker
- Kinematic Cell Research Group, Institute for Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nadja Zöller
- Zentrum der Dermatologie und Venerologie, Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Giancaspero TA, Locato V, Barile M. A regulatory role of NAD redox status on flavin cofactor homeostasis in S. cerevisiae mitochondria. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:612784. [PMID: 24078860 PMCID: PMC3774037 DOI: 10.1155/2013/612784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) are two redox cofactors of pivotal importance for mitochondrial functionality and cellular redox balance. Despite their relevance, the mechanism by which intramitochondrial NAD(H) and FAD levels are maintained remains quite unclear in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We investigated here the ability of isolated mitochondria to degrade externally added FAD and NAD (in both its reduced and oxidized forms). A set of kinetic experiments demonstrated that mitochondrial FAD and NAD(H) destroying enzymes are different from each other and from the already characterized NUDIX hydrolases. We studied here, in some detail, FAD pyrophosphatase (EC 3.6.1.18), which is inhibited by NAD(+) and NADH according to a noncompetitive inhibition, with Ki values that differ from each other by an order of magnitude. These findings, together with the ability of mitochondrial FAD pyrophosphatase to metabolize endogenous FAD, presumably deriving from mitochondrial holoflavoproteins destined to degradation, allow for proposing a novel possible role of mitochondrial NAD redox status in regulating FAD homeostasis and/or flavoprotein degradation in S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vittoria Locato
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Barile
- Istituto di Biomembrane e Bioenergetica, CNR, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Contreras-Shannon V, Heart DL, Paredes RM, Navaira E, Catano G, Maffi SK, Walss-Bass C. Clozapine-induced mitochondria alterations and inflammation in brain and insulin-responsive cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59012. [PMID: 23527073 PMCID: PMC3604003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of factors including abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemias, and hypertension that increase morbidity and mortality from diabetes and cardiovascular diseases and affects more than a third of the population in the US. Clozapine, an atypical antipsychotic used for the treatment of schizophrenia, has been found to cause drug-induced metabolic syndrome (DIMS) and may be a useful tool for studying cellular and molecular changes associated with MetS and DIMS. Mitochondria dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation are mechanisms proposed for the development of clozapine-related DIMS. In this study, the effects of clozapine on mitochondrial function and inflammation in insulin responsive and obesity-associated cultured cell lines were examined. Methodology/Principal Findings Cultured mouse myoblasts (C2C12), adipocytes (3T3-L1), hepatocytes (FL-83B), and monocytes (RAW 264.7) were treated with 0, 25, 50 and 75 µM clozapine for 24 hours. The mitochondrial selective probe TMRM was used to assess membrane potential and morphology. ATP levels from cell lysates were determined by bioluminescence assay. Cytokine levels in cell supernatants were assessed using a multiplex array. Clozapine was found to alter mitochondria morphology, membrane potential, and volume, and reduce ATP levels in all cell lines. Clozapine also significantly induced the production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, GM-CSF and IL12-p70, and this response was particularly robust in the monocyte cell line. Conclusions/Significance Clozapine damages mitochondria and promotes inflammation in insulin responsive cells and obesity-associated cell types. These phenomena are closely associated with changes observed in human and animal studies of MetS, obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. Therefore, the use of clozapine in DIMS may be an important and relevant tool for investigating cellular and molecular changes associated with the development of these diseases in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verόnica Contreras-Shannon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Saint Mary's University, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dylan L. Heart
- Department of Biological Sciences, Saint Mary's University, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - R. Madelaine Paredes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Erica Navaira
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gabriel Catano
- Department of Medicine, and the Veterans Administration Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shivani Kaushal Maffi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Medical Research Division, Regional Academic Health Center-Edinburg, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Consuelo Walss-Bass
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Is There a Link between Mitochondrial Reserve Respiratory Capacity and Aging? J Aging Res 2012; 2012:192503. [PMID: 22720157 PMCID: PMC3375017 DOI: 10.1155/2012/192503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative phosphorylation is an indispensable resource of ATP in tissues with high requirement of energy. If the ATP demand is not met, studies suggest that this will lead to senescence and cell death in the affected tissue. The term reserve respiratory capacity or spare respiratory capacity is used to describe the amount of extra ATP that can be produced by oxidative phosphorylation in case of a sudden increase in energy demand. Depletion of the reserve respiratory capacity has been related to a range of pathologies affecting high energy requiring tissues. During aging of an organism, and as a result of mitochondrial dysfunctions, the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation declines. Based on examples from the energy requiring tissues such as brain, heart, and skeletal muscle, we propose that the age-related decline of oxidative phosphorylation decreases the reserve respiratory capacity of the affected tissue, sensitizes the cells to surges in ATP demand, and increases the risk of resulting pathologies.
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Gigante A, Andreazza A, Lafer B, Yatham L, Beasley C, Young L. Decreased mRNA expression of uncoupling protein 2, a mitochondrial proton transporter, in post-mortem prefrontal cortex from patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Neurosci Lett 2011; 505:47-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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