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Nesci S, Algieri C, Tallarida MA, Stanzione R, Marchi S, Pietrangelo D, Trombetti F, D'Ambrosio L, Forte M, Cotugno M, Nunzi I, Bigi R, Maiuolo L, De Nino A, Pinton P, Romeo G, Rubattu S. Molecular mechanisms of naringenin modulation of mitochondrial permeability transition acting on F 1F O-ATPase and counteracting saline load-induced injury in SHRSP cerebral endothelial cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151398. [PMID: 38368729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Naringenin (NRG) was characterized for its ability to counteract mitochondrial dysfunction which is linked to cardiovascular diseases. The F1FO-ATPase can act as a molecular target of NRG. The interaction of NRG with this enzyme can avoid the energy transmission mechanism of ATP hydrolysis, especially in the presence of Ca2+ cation used as cofactor. Indeed, NRG was a selective inhibitor of the hydrophilic F1 domain displaying a binding site overlapped with quercetin in the inside surface of an annulus made by the three α and the three β subunits arranged alternatively in a hexamer. The kinetic constant of inhibition suggested that NRG preferred the enzyme activated by Ca2+ rather than the F1FO-ATPase activated by the natural cofactor Mg2+. From the inhibition type mechanism of NRG stemmed the possibility to speculate that NRG can prevent the activation of F1FO-ATPase by Ca2+. The event correlated to the protective role in the mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening by NRG as well as to the reduction of ROS production probably linked to the NRG chemical structure with antioxidant action. Moreover, in primary cerebral endothelial cells (ECs) obtained from stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rats NRG had a protective effect on salt-induced injury by restoring cell viability and endothelial cell tube formation while also rescuing complex I activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia 40064, Italy.
| | - Cristina Algieri
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia 40064, Italy
| | | | | | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | - Donatella Pietrangelo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00189, Italy
| | - Fabiana Trombetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia 40064, Italy
| | - Luca D'Ambrosio
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina 04100, Italy
| | | | | | - Ilaria Nunzi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | - Rachele Bigi
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Rome 00189, Italy
| | - Loredana Maiuolo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Cosenza 87036, Italy
| | - Antonio De Nino
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Cosenza 87036, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, Cotignola 48033, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Giovanni Romeo
- Medical Genetics Unit, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Speranza Rubattu
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli 86077, Italy; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00189, Italy
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Stanzione R, Forte M, Cotugno M, Oppedisano F, Carresi C, Marchitti S, Mollace V, Volpe M, Rubattu S. Beneficial Effects of Citrus Bergamia Polyphenolic Fraction on Saline Load-Induced Injury in Primary Cerebral Endothelial Cells from the Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Model. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061334. [PMID: 36986064 PMCID: PMC10056311 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
High salt load is a known noxious stimulus for vascular cells and a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in both animal models and humans. The stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) accelerates stroke predisposition upon high-salt dietary feeding. We previously demonstrated that high salt load causes severe injury in primary cerebral endothelial cells isolated from SHRSP. This cellular model offers a unique opportunity to test the impact of substances toward the mechanisms underlying high-salt-induced vascular damage. We tested the effects of a bergamot polyphenolic fraction (BPF) on high-salt-induced injury in SHRSP cerebral endothelial cells. Cells were exposed to 20 mM NaCl for 72 h either in the absence or the presence of BPF. As a result, we confirmed that high salt load increased cellular ROS level, reduced viability, impaired angiogenesis, and caused mitochondrial dysfunction with a significant increase in mitochondrial oxidative stress. The addition of BPF reduced oxidative stress, rescued cell viability and angiogenesis, and recovered mitochondrial function with a significant decrease in mitochondrial oxidative stress. In conclusion, BPF counteracts the key molecular mechanisms underlying high-salt-induced endothelial cell damage. This natural antioxidant substance may represent a valuable adjuvant to treat vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francesca Oppedisano
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Volpe
- IRCCS San Raffaele, 00163 Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Speranza Rubattu
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Mahal Z, Matsuo H, Zahid HM, Notsu Y, Ohara H, Okamoto K, Nabika T. Milk Fermented with Mushrooms Prevents Stroke in the Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Independently of Blood Pressure. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 31:106421. [PMID: 35255289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In a previous study, a mushroom was shown to digest milk protein to a mixture of oligopeptides and free amino acids. The aim of this study was to examine effects of this mixture, i.e., mushroom-fermented milk, on blood pressure and stroke susceptibility in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were fed mushroom-fermented milk with or without 1 % salt water. Blood pressure was monitored either by the tail-cuff method or the telemetry system. Symptoms of stroke were examined every day to determine the stroke latency. RESULTS Mushroom-fermented milk at 120 mg/Kg BW/day (estimated as a peptides/amino acids content) did not ameliorate hypertension in SHRSP. In contrast, mushroom-fermented milk significantly improved stroke susceptibility under salt-loading. The effects were replicated using milk fermented with three different mushrooms. To elucidate the effective components in mushroom-fermented milk, spermidine (3 mM), one of major components of mushroom-fermented milk, and a mixture of amino acids (0.8 g/L) was examined, both of which showed no significant effects on stroke susceptibility. Intake of mushroom-fermented milk did not affect sodium content significantly either in feces or in urine of the rats given 1% salt water. This observation indicated sodium absorption by the digestive system was not inhibited by intake of mushroom-fermented milk. CONCLUSION Despite that the mechanisms were not elucidated, intake of mushroom-fermented milk effectively prevented stroke in SHRSP. Mushroom-fermented milk would be a new candidate for a supplemental nutrient supporting the cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinat Mahal
- Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsuo
- Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; Institute of Animal Experiment, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
| | - Hasan M Zahid
- Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Notsu
- Central Clinical Laboratory, Shimane University Hospital. Izumo 693-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ohara
- Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Toru Nabika
- Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Japan.
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Odongoo B, Ohara H, Ngarashi D, Kaneko T, Kunihiro Y, Mashimo T, Nabika T. Pathophysiological significance of Stim1 mutation in sympathetic response to stress and cardiovascular phenotypes in SHRSP/Izm: In vivo evaluation by creation of a novel gene knock-in rat using CRISPR/Cas9. Clin Exp Hypertens 2020; 43:34-41. [PMID: 32700574 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2020.1797085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Genetic approach using rat congenic lines between SHRSP/Izm and WKY/Izm identified stromal interaction molecule 1 (Stim1), an essential component of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), as a promising candidate gene responsible for the exaggerated sympathetic response to stress in SHRSP. Since SHRSP has a nonsense mutation in Stim1 resulting in the expression of a truncated form of STIM1 that caused reduction of SOCE activity in primary cultured cerebral astrocytes, we created SHRSP/Izm knocked-in with the wild-type Stim1 (KI SHRSP) by the CRISPR/Cas9 method to investigate whether the functional recovery of STIM1 would mitigate sympatho-excitation to stress in vivo in SHRSP. No potential off-target nucleotide substitutions/deletions/insertions were found in KI SHRSP. Western blotting and fluorescent Ca2+ imaging of astrocytes confirmed wild-type STIM1 expression and restored SOCE activity in astrocytes from KI SHRSP, respectively. Blood pressure (BP) measured by the tail-cuff method at 12, 16, and 20 weeks of age did not significantly differ between SHRSP and KI SHRSP, while the heart rate of KI SHRSP at 16 and 20 weeks of age was significantly lower than that of age-matched SHRSP. Unexpectedly, the sympathetic response to stress (evaluated with urinary excretion of norepinephrine under cold stress and BP elevation under cold/restraint stress) did not significantly differ between SHRSP and KI SHRSP. The present results indicated that the functional deficit of STIM1 was not a genetic determinant of the exaggerated sympathetic response to stress in SHRSP and that it would be necessary to explore other candidates within the congenic fragment on chromosome 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batbayar Odongoo
- Department of Functional Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University , Izumo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ohara
- Department of Functional Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University , Izumo, Japan
| | - Davis Ngarashi
- Department of Functional Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University , Izumo, Japan.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences , Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Takehito Kaneko
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Development, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University , Morioka, Japan
| | - Yayoi Kunihiro
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Japan.,Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University , Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoji Mashimo
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Japan.,Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University , Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory Animal Research Center, the Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Nabika
- Department of Functional Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University , Izumo, Japan
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Nakagawa S, Ohara H, Niwa M, Yamagata K, Nabika T. Defective Function of the Blood-Brain Barrier in a Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat: Evaluation in an In Vitro Cell Culture Model. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020. [PMID: 32648236 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00917-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) comprises three cell types: brain capillary endothelial cells (BECs), astrocytes, and pericytes. Abnormal interaction among these cells may induce BBB dysfunction and lead to cerebrovascular diseases. The stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) harbors a defective BBB, so we designed the present study to examine the role of these three cell types in a functional disorder of the BBB in SHRSP in order to elucidate the role of these cells in the BBB more generally. To this end, we employed a unique in vitro model of BBB, in which various combinations of the cells could be tested. The three types of cells were prepared from both SHRSPs and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKYs). They were then co-cultured in various combinations to construct in vitro BBB models. The barrier function of the models was estimated by measuring transendothelial electrical resistance and the permeability of the endothelial monolayer to sodium fluorescein. The in vitro models revealed that (1) BECs from SHRSPs had an inherent lower barrier function, (2) astrocytes of SHRSPs had an impaired ability to induce barrier function in BECs, although (3) both pericytes and astrocytes of SHRSPs and WKYs could potentiate the barrier function of BECs under co-culture conditions. Furthermore, we found that claudin-5 expression was consistently lower in models that used BECs and/or SHRSP astrocytes. These results suggested that defective interaction among BBB cells-especially BECs and astrocytes-was responsible for a functional disorder of the BBB in SHRSPs.
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Inoue T, Hagiyama M, Maenishi O, Kimura M, Mizuguchi N, Mine Y, Kimura R, Chikugo T, Itoh T, Satou T, Ito A. Ectopic TWEAKR expression in type I fiber of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats is related to slow muscle-specific hypotrophy. Life Sci 2019; 237:116919. [PMID: 31610200 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) show significantly lower body weight than normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Our hypotheses are as follows: weight loss of the skeletal muscle is related to hypertension-related diseases, and muscle hypotrophy is useful as a therapeutic target for hypertension and hypertension-related diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the pathophysiological characteristics of muscle hypotrophy in SHRSP to determine the therapeutic target molecule(s). MAIN METHODS The difference in skeletal muscles in the lower leg between WKY and SHRSP was evaluated mainly through weight/tibial length, histological, gene expression, and protein expression analyses. KEY FINDINGS SHRSP had a significantly lower weight/tibial length in soleus and gastrocnemius, but not in plantaris and tibialis anterior, indicating that muscles consisting of a relatively high amount of slow muscle fiber were affected. This result was confirmed by the histological analysis of soleus, showing that type I fiber mainly decreased the fiber size. Microarray and protein expression analyses showed that the muscle-specific ubiquitin ligase, muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF1), but not atrogin-1, was highly expressed in soleus, but not in plantaris, in SHRSP. TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis receptor (TWEAKR) was predicted as a MuRF1 up-regulator by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and immunostained only in type II fiber in WKY but in both type I and II fibers in SHRSP. SIGNIFICANCE TWEAKR is a type II-specific receptor in the skeletal muscle. Ectopic TWEAKR expression in type I fiber of SHRSP is most likely involved in slow muscle-specific hypotrophy through MuRF1 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Inoue
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Man Hagiyama
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Osamu Maenishi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatomo Kimura
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Yoshihiro Mine
- Kindai University Life Science Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Kimura
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takaaki Chikugo
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Itoh
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
| | - Takao Satou
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ito
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
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Dhande IS, Kneedler SC, Joshi AS, Zhu Y, Hicks MJ, Wenderfer SE, Braun MC, Doris PA. Germ-line genetic variation in the immunoglobulin heavy chain creates stroke susceptibility in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Physiol Genomics 2019; 51:578-585. [PMID: 31608789 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00054.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of cerebrovascular disease in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-A3/SHRSP) arises from naturally occurring genetic variation. In the present study we show the involvement of SHR genetic variation that affects antibody formation and function in the pathogenesis of stroke. We have tested the involvement in susceptibility to stroke of genetic variation in IgH, the gene encoding the immunoglobulin heavy chain by congenic substitution. This gene contains functional natural variation in SHR-A3 that diverges from stroke-resistant SHR-B2. We created a SHR-A3 congenic line in which the IgH gene was substituted with the corresponding haplotype from SHR-B2. Compared with SHR-A3 rats, congenic substitution of the IgH locus [SHR-A3(IgH-B2)] markedly reduced cerebrovascular disease. Given the role in antibody formation of the IgH gene, we investigated the presence of IgG and IgM autoantibodies and their targets using a high-density protein array containing ~20,000 recombinant proteins. High titers of autoantibodies to key cerebrovascular stress proteins were detected, including FABP4, HSP70, and Wnt signaling proteins. Serum levels of these autoantibodies were reduced in the SHR-A3(IgH-B2) congenic line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha S Dhande
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Sterling C Kneedler
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Aniket S Joshi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Yaming Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - M John Hicks
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston
| | - Scott E Wenderfer
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael C Braun
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Peter A Doris
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
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Tomari HS, Uchikawa M, Yamazaki A, Hirabayashi S, Yamakawa S, Kitagawa M, Yamada M, Itou S, Yamamoto T, Uehara Y. Newly manufactured Marukome MK-34-1 miso with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity and its antihypertensive effects in genetic hypertensive rat models. Hypertens Res 2019; 42:790-800. [PMID: 30631160 PMCID: PMC8075913 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0197-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We newly manufactured miso rich in angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity (Marukome MK-34-1, shinki miso) and investigated its antihypertensive properties in rat models of genetic hypertension. ACE inhibitory activity was tenfold higher in shinki miso than in commercially available Marukome Nenrin miso (nenrin miso). The inhibitory activity of shinki miso was confined to <3 kDa fractions and was detected in several fractions with high polarity by C18 high-performance liquid chromatography. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) increased age-dependently in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP/Izm) given a 0.6% (w/v) NaCl solution (salt solution group) that matched the salt content of the miso solutions. This SBP increase was attenuated in both the 5% nenrin and 5% shinki miso solution groups compared to the salt solution group. The reduction in SBP was greater in rats fed shinki than in rats fed nenrin miso. Similarly, in a salt-induced hypertension model with Dahl rats, the 5% nenrin miso solution attenuated the rising SBP observed in the salt solution group. Moreover, combining 5% nenrin miso with 5% shinki miso (2:1, v/v) (awase miso group) significantly decreased the SBP per gram salt intake by 8% compared with the nenrin miso treatment. However, there were no differences in urinary Na excretion between the nenrin and awase miso groups. In conclusion, we produced a new miso with potent ACE inhibitory activity that reduced spontaneous and salt-induced hypertension. These results suggest that salt sensitivity is decreased by the addition of shinki miso to nenrin miso.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroe Sakuyama Tomari
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, Kyoritsu Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misa Uchikawa
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, Kyoritsu Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aki Yamazaki
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, Kyoritsu Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satomi Hirabayashi
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, Kyoritsu Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoko Yamakawa
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, Kyoritsu Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Yoshio Uehara
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, Kyoritsu Women's University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Raz L, Bhaskar K, Weaver J, Marini S, Zhang Q, Thompson JF, Espinoza C, Iqbal S, Maphis NM, Weston L, Sillerud LO, Caprihan A, Pesko JC, Erhardt EB, Rosenberg GA. Hypoxia promotes tau hyperphosphorylation with associated neuropathology in vascular dysfunction. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 126:124-136. [PMID: 30010004 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension-induced microvascular brain injury is a major vascular contributor to cognitive impairment and dementia. We hypothesized that chronic hypoxia promotes the hyperphosphorylation of tau and cell death in an accelerated spontaneously hypertensive stroke prone rat model of vascular cognitive impairment. METHODS Hypertensive male rats (n = 13) were fed a high salt, low protein Japanese permissive diet and were compared to Wistar Kyoto control rats (n = 5). RESULTS Using electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry to measure in vivo tissue oxygen levels and magnetic resonance imaging to assess structural brain damage, we found compromised gray (dorsolateral cortex: p = .018) and white matter (corpus callosum: p = .016; external capsule: p = .049) structural integrity, reduced cerebral blood flow (dorsolateral cortex: p = .005; hippocampus: p < .001; corpus callosum: p = .001; external capsule: p < .001) and a significant drop in cortical oxygen levels (p < .05). Consistently, we found reduced oxygen carrying neuronal neuroglobin (p = .008), suggestive of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in high salt-fed rats. We also observed a corresponding increase in free radicals (NADPH oxidase: p = .013), p-Tau (pThr231) in dorsolateral cortex (p = .011) and hippocampus (p = .003), active interleukin-1β (p < .001) and neurodegeneration (dorsolateral cortex: p = .043, hippocampus: p = .044). Human patients with subcortical ischemic vascular disease, a type of vascular dementia (n = 38; mean age = 68; male/female ratio = 23/15) showed reduced hippocampal volumes and cortical shrinking (p < .05) consistent with the neuronal cell death observed in our hypertensive rat model as compared to healthy controls (n = 47; mean age = 63; male/female ratio = 18/29). CONCLUSIONS Our data support an association between hypertension-induced vascular dysfunction and the sporadic occurrence of phosphorylated tau and cell death in the rat model, correlating with patient brain atrophy, which is relevant to vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limor Raz
- Department of Neurology, 1 University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
| | - Kiran Bhaskar
- Department of Neurology, 1 University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, 1 University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
| | - John Weaver
- BRaIN Imaging Center, 1 University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
| | - Sandro Marini
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, United States.
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurology, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, United States.
| | - Jeffery F Thompson
- Department of Neurology, 1 University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
| | - Candice Espinoza
- Department of Neurology, 1 University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
| | - Sulaiman Iqbal
- Department of Neurology, 1 University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
| | - Nicole M Maphis
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, 1 University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
| | - Lea Weston
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, 1 University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
| | - Laurel O Sillerud
- Department of Neurology, 1 University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States; MIND Research Network, 1 University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
| | - Arvind Caprihan
- MIND Research Network, 1 University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
| | - John C Pesko
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, 1 University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - Erik B Erhardt
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, 1 University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
| | - Gary A Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology, 1 University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
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Bailey EL, McBride MW, McClure JD, Beattie W, Graham D, Dominiczak AF, Smith C, Wardlaw JM. Effects of dietary salt on gene and protein expression in brain tissue of a model of sporadic small vessel disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:1315-28. [PMID: 29632138 DOI: 10.1042/CS20171572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of salt on cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is poorly understood. We assessed the effect of dietary salt on cerebral tissue of the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) - a relevant model of sporadic SVD - at both the gene and protein level. Methods: Brains from 21-week-old SHRSP and Wistar-Kyoto rats, half additionally salt-loaded (via a 3-week regime of 1% NaCl in drinking water), were split into two hemispheres and sectioned coronally - one hemisphere for mRNA microarray and qRT-PCR, the other for immunohistochemistry using a panel of antibodies targeting components of the neurovascular unit. Results: We observed differences in gene and protein expression affecting the acute phase pathway and oxidative stress (ALB, AMBP, APOH, AHSG and LOC100129193, up-regulated in salt-loaded WKY versus WKY, >2-fold), active microglia (increased Iba-1 protein expression in salt-loaded SHRSP versus salt-loaded WKY, p<0.05), vascular structure (ACTB and CTNNB, up-regulated in salt-loaded SHRSP versus SHRSP, >3-fold; CLDN-11, VEGF and VGF down-regulated >2-fold in salt-loaded SHRSP versus SHRSP) and myelin integrity (MBP down-regulated in salt loaded WKY rats versus WKY, >2.5-fold). Changes of salt-loading were more pronounced in SHRSP and occurred without an increase in blood pressure in WKY rats. CONCLUSION Salt exposure induced changes in gene and protein expression in an experimental model of SVD and its parent rat strain in multiple pathways involving components of the glio-vascular unit. Further studies in pertinent experimental models at different ages would help clarify the short- and long-term effect of dietary salt in SVD.
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11
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Wynne BM, Labazi H, Lima VV, Carneiro FS, Webb RC, Tostes RC, Giachini FR. Mesenteric arteries from stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats exhibit an increase in nitric-oxide-dependent vasorelaxation. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:719-727. [PMID: 29430946 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The endothelium is crucial for the maintenance of vascular tone by releasing several vasoactive substances, including nitric oxide (NO). Systemic mean arterial pressure is primarily regulated by the resistance vasculature, which has been shown to exhibit increased vascular reactivity, and decreased vasorelaxation during hypertension. Here, we aimed to determine the mechanism for mesenteric artery vasorelaxation of the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP). We hypothesized that endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) is upregulated in SHRSP vessels, increasing NO production to compensate for the endothelial dysfunction. Concentration-response curves to acetylcholine (ACh) were performed in second-order mesenteric arteries; we observed decreased relaxation responses to ACh (maximum effect elicited by the agonist) as compared with Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) controls. Vessels from SHRSP incubated with Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester and (or) indomethacin exhibited decreased ACh-mediated relaxation, suggesting a primary role for NO-dependent relaxation. Vessels from SHRSP exhibited a significantly decreased relaxation response with inducible NO synthase (iNOS) inhibition, as compared with WKY vessels. Western blot analysis showed increased total phosphorylated NF-κB, and phosphorylated and total eNOS in SHRSP vessels. Overall, these data suggest a compensatory role for NO by increased eNOS activation. Moreover, we believe that iNOS, although increasing NO bioavailability to compensate for decreased relaxation, leads to a cycle of further endothelial dysfunction in SHRSP mesenteric arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi M Wynne
- a Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.,b Department of Medicine, Nephrology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hicham Labazi
- a Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.,c Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Victor V Lima
- a Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.,d Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso - Barra do Garças - MT - Brazil; 78600-000
| | - Fernando S Carneiro
- a Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.,e Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; 14049-900
| | - R Clinton Webb
- a Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Rita C Tostes
- a Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.,e Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; 14049-900
| | - Fernanda R Giachini
- a Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.,d Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso - Barra do Garças - MT - Brazil; 78600-000
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12
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Watanabe H, Sasatani M, Doi T, Masaki T, Satoh K, Yoshizumi M. Protective Effects of Japanese Soybean Paste (Miso) on Stroke in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ( SHRSP). Am J Hypertens 2017; 31:43-47. [PMID: 28985324 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpx129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOSESIS Soybean isoflavones have been shown to reduce the risk of cerebral infarction in humans according to epidemiological studies. However, whether intake of miso can reduce the incidence of stroke in animal models remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of soybean paste (miso) in an animal model of stroke. METHODS Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) were fed a miso diet (normal diet 90%, miso 10%; final NaCl content 2.8%), a high salt diet (normal diet and NaCl 2.5%; final NaCl content 2.8%), or a low salt diet (normal diet; final NaCl content 0.3%). RESULTS Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed a significantly lower survival rate in the high salt group compared to the miso group (P = 0.002) and the low salt group (P ≤ 0.001). Large hemorrhagic macules were found in the cerebrum in the high salt group, whereas none were found in the other 2 groups. There were also fewer histological and immunohistochemical changes in the brain and kidneys in the miso group compared to the high salt group. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that miso may have protective effects against stroke despite its high salt content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Megumi Sasatani
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Toshiki Doi
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Takao Masaki
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Kenichi Satoh
- Department of Environmetrics and Biometrics Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Masao Yoshizumi
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
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13
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Yamagata K, Takahashi N, Akita N, Nabika T. Arginine vasopressin altered the expression of monocarboxylate transporters in cultured astrocytes isolated from stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats and congenic SHRpch1_18 rats. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:176. [PMID: 28865453 PMCID: PMC5581459 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0949-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Astrocytes support a range of brain functions as well as neuronal survival, but their detailed relationship with stroke-related edema is not well understood. We previously demonstrated that the release of lactate from astrocytes isolated from stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP/Izm) was attenuated under stroke conditions. The supply of lactate to neurons is regulated by astrocytic monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs). The purpose of this study was to examine the contributions of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and/or hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R) to the regulation of MCTs and neurotrophic factor in astrocytes obtained from SHRSP/Izm and congenic SHRpch1_18 rats. Methods We compared AVP-induced lactate levels, MCTs, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in astrocytes isolated from SHRSP/Izm, SHRpch1_18, and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY/Izm). The expression levels of genes and proteins were determined by PCR and Western blotting (WB). Results The production of lactate induced by AVP was increased in astrocytes from all three strains. However, the levels of lactate were lower in SHRSP/Izm and SHRpch1_18 animals compared with the WKY/Izm strain. Gene expression levels of Slc16a1, Slc16a4, and Bdnf were lowered by AVP in SHRSP/Izm and SHRpch1_18 rats compared with WKY/Izm. The increase of MCT4 that was induced by AVP was blocked by the addition of a specific nitric oxide (NO) chelator, 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (CPTIO). Furthermore, AVP increased the expression of iNOS and eNOS proteins in WKY/Izm and SHRSP/Izm rat astrocytes. However, the iNOS expression levels in SHRSP astrocytes differed from those of WKY/Izm astrocytes. The increase of MCT4 protein expression during AVP treatment was blocked by the addition of a specific NF-kB inhibitor, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC). The induction of MCT4 by AVP may be regulated by NO through NF-kB. Conclusions These results suggest that the expression of MCTs mediated by AVP may be regulated by NO. The data suggest that AVP attenuated the expression of MCTs in SHRSP/Izm and SHRpch1_18 astrocytes. Reduced expression of MCTs may be associated with decreased lactate production in SHRSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Yamagata
- Laboratory of Molecular Health of Food, Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University (NUBS), 1866, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-8510, Japan.
| | - Natsumi Takahashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Health of Food, Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University (NUBS), 1866, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-8510, Japan
| | - Nozomi Akita
- Laboratory of Molecular Health of Food, Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University (NUBS), 1866, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-8510, Japan
| | - Toru Nabika
- Department of Functional Pathology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Matsue, Japan
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14
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Dhande IS, Zhu Y, Braun MC, Hicks MJ, Wenderfer SE, Doris PA. Mycophenolate mofetil prevents cerebrovascular injury in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Physiol Genomics 2016; 49:132-140. [PMID: 28011882 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00110.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-A3) develop strokes and progressive kidney disease as a result of naturally occurring genetic variations. We recently identified genetic variants in immune signaling pathways that contribute to end-organ injury. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that a dysregulated immune response promotes stroke susceptibility. We salt-loaded 20 wk old male SHR-A3 rats and treated them with the immunosuppressant mycophenolate mofetil (MMF, 25 mg/kg/day po) (n = 8) or vehicle (saline) (n = 9) for 8 wk. Blood pressure (BP) was measured weekly by telemetry. Compared with vehicle-treated controls, MMF-treated SHR-A3 rats had improved survival and lower neurological deficit scores (1.44 vs. 0.125; P < 0.02). Gross morphology of the brain revealed cerebral edema in 8 of 9, and microbleeds and hemorrhages in 5 of 9 vehicle-treated rats. These lesions were absent in MMF-treated rats. Brain CD68 expression, indicating macrophage/microglial activation, was upregulated in vehicle-treated rats with microbleeds and hemorrhages but was undetectable in the brains of MMF-treated rats. MMF also prevented renal injury in SHR-A3 rats, evidenced by reduced proteinuria (albumin:creatinine) from 7.52 to 1.05 mg/mg (P < 0.03) and lower tubulointerstitial injury scores (2.46 vs. 1.43; P < 0.01). Salt loading resulted in a progressive increase in BP, which was blunted in rats receiving MMF. Our findings provide evidence that abnormal immune activation predisposes to cerebrovascular and renal injury in stroke-prone SHR-A3 rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha S Dhande
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas; and
| | - Yaming Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas; and
| | - Michael C Braun
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - M John Hicks
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Scott E Wenderfer
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Peter A Doris
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas; and
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15
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Ahmeda AF, Rae MG, Al Otaibi MF, Anweigi LM, Johns EJ. Effect of tempol and tempol plus catalase on intra-renal haemodynamics in spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone (SHSP) and Wistar rats. J Physiol Biochem 2017; 73:207-14. [PMID: 27933463 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0541-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vasoconstriction within the renal medulla contributes to the development of hypertension. This study investigated the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in regulating renal medullary and cortical blood perfusion (MBP and CBP respectively) in both stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) and Wistar rats. CBP and MBP were measured using a laser-Doppler flow meter before and after intra-renal infusion of tempol, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic or tempol plus catalase, the hydrogen peroxide-degrading enzyme. Tempol infusion significantly elevated blood perfusion within the renal medulla (MBP) in both SHRSP (by 43 ± 7%, P < 0.001) and Wistar rats (by 17 ± 2%, P < 0.05) but the magnitude of the increase was significantly greater in the SHRSP (P < 0.01). When the enzyme catalase and tempol were co-infused, MBP was again significantly increased in SHRSP (by 57 ± 6%, P < 0.001) and Wistar rats (by 33 ± 6%, P < 0.001), with a significantly greater increase in perfusion being induced in the SHRSP relative to the Wistar rats (P < 0.01). Notably, this increase was significantly greater than in those animals infused with tempol alone (P < 0.01). These results suggest that ROS plays a proportionally greater role in reducing renal vascular compliance, particularly within the renal medulla, in normotensive and hypertensive animals, with effects being greater in the hypertensive animals. This supports the hypothesis that SHRSP renal vasculature might be subjected to elevated level of oxidative stress relative to normotensive animals.
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16
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Pirici D, Stanaszek L, Garz C, Niklass S, Heinze HJ, Kalinski T, Attems J, Schreiber S. Common Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease and Brain Microhemorrhages on Cerebral Aβ Pathology in SHRSP. Brain Pathol 2016; 27:169-180. [PMID: 27062392 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
While chronic kidney disease seems to be an independent risk factor for cognitive decline, its impact on cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) depositions, one hallmark of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathology, has not been investigated. Utilizing 80 male nontransgenic spontaneously hypertensive stroke prone rats (SHRSP) at various ages (12 to 44 weeks), tubulointerstitial renal damage, prevalence of cerebral microhemorrhages and Aβ accumulations were quantified. Using age-adjusted general linear models we investigated the main and interaction effects of renal damage and cerebral microhemorrhages on cerebral Aβ load. In addition, using post mortem human brain tissue of 16 stroke patients we examined the co-localization of perivascular Aβ deposits and small vessel wall damage. Statistical models revealed an age-independent main effect of tubulointerstitial kidney damage on brain Aβ accumulations, which was reinforced by the consecutive presence of cerebral microhemorrhages. Moreover, cerebral microhemorrhages independently predicted brain Aβ burden in SHRSP. In up to 69% of all human cases perivascular Aβ deposits were detected in the direct vicinity of small vessel wall damage. Our results support the associations between vascular pathology and Aβ deposition, and demonstrate a relationship between chronic kidney disease and cerebral Aβ pathology. Hence, our data suggest that prevention of chronic renal damage may reduce cerebral Aβ pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pirici
- Department of Research Methodology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Petru Rares Street 2, Craiova, 200349, Romania
| | - Luiza Stanaszek
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Strasse 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany.,Mossakowski Medical Research Centre PAS, Pawińskiego 5, Warsaw, 02-106, Poland
| | - Cornelia Garz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Strasse 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Strasse 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - Solveig Niklass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Strasse 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Strasse 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - Hans-Jochen Heinze
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Strasse 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Strasse 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - Thomas Kalinski
- Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Strasse 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - Johannes Attems
- Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Institute of Neuroscience and Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Stefanie Schreiber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Strasse 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Strasse 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
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Yamagata K, Sone N, Suguyama S, Nabika T. Different effects of arginine vasopressin on high-mobility group box 1 expression in astrocytes isolated from stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats and congenic SHRpch1_18 rats. Int J Exp Pathol 2016; 97:97-106. [PMID: 27126918 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP/Izm) develop severe hypertension and astrocytic oedema following ischaemic stimulation. During ischaemic stress high-mobility group box 1 (Hmgb1) expression in astrocytes is induced, and subsequently potentiates deterioration of the brain due to ischaemic injury, which manifests as both cerebral inflammation and astrocytic oedema. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) induces brain injury and increases astrocytic swelling. After stroke, Hmgb1 and peroxiredoxin (Prx) are released at different times and activate macrophages in the brain via Toll-like receptors (Tlr2s). The purpose of this study was to examine whether AVP and/or hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R) contribute to Hmgb1 regulation following ischaemic stroke. Thus, Hmgb1, Prx2 and Tlr2 expression levels in astrocytes isolated from Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY/Izm), spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR/Izm), SHRSP/Izm and congenic rat strain SHRpch1_18 treated with AVP and/or H/R were compared. Gene and protein expression levels were determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time quantitative PCR, and Western blot. mRNA expression of Hmgb1, Prx2 and Tlr2 induced by AVP was dose-dependent, and Hmgb1 and Prx2 expression was higher in SHR/Izm, SHRSP/Izm and SHRch1_18 than in WKY/Izm. Tlr2 expression with AVP was reduced in SHR/Izm compared to WKY/Izm. In SHRpch1_18, Hmgb1 expression increased after AVP plus H/R. AVP-modulated expression of Hmgb1 protein was reduced by the addition of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). These results suggest that oxidative stress by AVP enhanced expression of Hmgb1, Prx2 and Tlr2 in astrocytes. We hypothesize that regulation of Hmgb1 by AVP during H/R might be related to induction of inflammation and stroke in SHRSP/Izm and SHRpch1_18 rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Yamagata
- Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University (NUBS), Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Natumi Sone
- Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University (NUBS), Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Sari Suguyama
- Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University (NUBS), Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Toru Nabika
- Department of Functional Pathology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
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18
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Small HY, Morgan H, Beattie E, Griffin S, Indahl M, Delles C, Graham D. Abnormal uterine artery remodelling in the stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rat. Placenta 2015; 37:34-44. [PMID: 26612342 PMCID: PMC4721537 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) is an established model of human cardiovascular risk. We sought to characterise the uteroplacental vascular response to pregnancy in this model and determine whether this is affected by the pre-existing maternal hypertension. METHODS Doppler ultrasound and myography were utilised to assess uterine artery functional and structural changes pre-pregnancy and at gestational day 18 in SHRSP (untreated and nifedipine treated) and in the normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat. Maternal adaptations to pregnancy were also assessed along with histology and expression of genes involved in oxidative stress in the placenta. RESULTS SHRSP uterine arteries had a pulsatile blood flow and were significantly smaller (70906 ± 3903 μm(2) vs. 95656 ± 8524 μm(2) cross-sectional area; p < 0.01), had a significant increase in contractile response (57.3 ± 10.5 kPa vs 27.7 ± 1.9 kPa; p < 0.01) and exhibited impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation (58.0 ± 5.9% vs 13.9 ± 4.6%; p < 0.01) compared to WKY. Despite significant blood pressure lowering, nifedipine did not improve uterine artery remodelling, function or blood flow in SHRSP. Maternal plasma sFLT-1/PlGF ratio (5.3 ± 0.3 vs 4.6 ± 0.1; p < 0.01) and the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (1.9 ± 0.2 vs 0.6 ± 0.1; p < 0.01) was increased in SHRSP vs WKY. The SHRSP placenta had a significant reduction in glycogen cell content and an increase in Hif1α, Sod1 and Vegf. DISCUSSION We conclude that the SHRSP exhibits a number of promising characteristics as a model of spontaneous deficient uteroplacental remodelling that adversely affect pregnancy outcome, independent of pre-existing hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Y Small
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Hannah Morgan
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Elisabeth Beattie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sinead Griffin
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Marie Indahl
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christian Delles
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Delyth Graham
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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19
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Sweet JG, Chan SL, Cipolla MJ. Effect of hypertension and carotid occlusion on brain parenchymal arteriole structure and reactivity. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 119:817-23. [PMID: 26294749 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00467.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the effect of hypertension and chronic hypoperfusion on brain parenchymal arteriole (PA) structure and function. PAs were studied isolated and pressurized from 18-wk-old Wistar-Kyoto (WKY18; n = 8) and spontaneously hypertensive stroke prone (SHRSP18; n = 8) and 5-wk-old prehypertensive (SHRSP5; n = 8) rats. In separate groups, unilateral common carotid artery occlusion (UCCAo) was performed for 4 wk to cause chronic hypoperfusion in 18-wk-old WKY (WKY18-CH; n = 8) and SHRSP (SHRSP18-CH; n = 8). UCCAo caused PAs to have significantly diminished myogenic tone (31 ± 3 vs. 14 ± 6% at 60 mmHg; P < 0.05) and reactivity to pressure from WKY18-CH vs. WKY18 animals. The effect of UCCAo was limited to normotensive animals, as there was little effect of chronic hypoperfusion on vascular reactivity or percent tone in PAs from SHRSP18 vs. SHRSP18-CH animals (53 ± 4 vs. 41 ± 3%; P > 0.05). However, PAs from SHRSP18 and SHRSP5 animals had significantly greater tone compared with WKY18, suggesting an effect of strain and not hypertension per se on PA vasoconstriction. Structurally, PAs from SHRSP18 and SHRSP5 animals had similar sized lumen diameters, but increased wall thickness and distensibility compared with WKY18. Interestingly, chronic hypoperfusion did not affect the structure of PAs from either WKY18-CH or SHRSP18-CH animals. Thus PAs responded to UCCAo with active vasodilation, but not structural remodeling, an effect that was absent in SHRSP. The increased tone of PAs from SHRSP animals, combined with lack of response to chronic hypoperfusion, may contribute to the propensity for ischemic lesions and increased perfusion deficit during hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie G Sweet
- Departments of Neurological Sciences, Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, and Pharmacology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Siu-Lung Chan
- Departments of Neurological Sciences, Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, and Pharmacology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Marilyn J Cipolla
- Departments of Neurological Sciences, Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, and Pharmacology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
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Rubattu S, Bianchi F, Busceti CL, Cotugno M, Stanzione R, Marchitti S, Di Castro S, Madonna M, Nicoletti F, Volpe M. Differential modulation of AMPK/PPARα/UCP2 axis in relation to hypertension and aging in the brain, kidneys and heart of two closely related spontaneously hypertensive rat strains. Oncotarget 2015; 6:18800-18. [PMID: 26023797 PMCID: PMC4662457 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined expression protein of AMPK/SIRT1/PGC1α/PhoxO3a/PPARα/UCP2 pathway in brain, kidneys and heart of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) vs stroke-resistant SHR (SHRSR) at different weeks of age, up to one year, in order to test the hypothesis that abnormalities within this pathway could associate with higher susceptibility of SHRSP to develop hypertension-related vascular damage. BACKGROUND SHRSP develops severe hypertension and related target organ damage. Marked reduction of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) expression upon high salt-low potassium diet associates with increased renal injury in SHRSP. UCP2 may represent a key mitochondrial protein involved in cardiovascular damage. RESULTS At 2 months of age a significant down-regulation of UCP2 expression at both mRNA and protein levels was found, along with reduced protein expression of all components of UCP2 regulatory pathway, in tissues of SHRSP but not of SHRSR, that progressed with hypertension development and aging. A significant increase of both oxidative stress and inflammation was detected in tissues of SHRSP as a function of age. SBP levels were significantly higher in SHRSP than SHRSR at 3 months of age and thereafter. At one year of age, higher degree of renal damage, with proteinuria and severe glomerular and tubulo-interstitial fibrosis, of cerebral damage, with significant vessel extravasation and stroke occurrence, and of myocardial damage was detected in SHRSP than SHRSR. CONCLUSIONS The early significant reduced expression of the antioxidant AMPK/PPARα/UCP2 pathway that progressed throughout lifetime may contribute to explain higher predisposition of SHRSP to oxidative stress dependent target organ damage in the context of severe hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Speranza Rubattu
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Ospedale S. Andrea, Rome
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Località Camerelle, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Franca Bianchi
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Località Camerelle, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Carla Letizia Busceti
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Località Camerelle, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Maria Cotugno
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Località Camerelle, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Rosita Stanzione
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Località Camerelle, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Simona Marchitti
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Località Camerelle, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Sara Di Castro
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Località Camerelle, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Michele Madonna
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Località Camerelle, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Località Camerelle, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Volpe
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Ospedale S. Andrea, Rome
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Località Camerelle, Pozzilli, Italy
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Li J, Stier CT, Chander PN, Manthati VL, Falck JR, Carroll MA. Pharmacological manipulation of arachidonic acid-epoxygenase results in divergent effects on renal damage. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:187. [PMID: 25177296 PMCID: PMC4133783 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney damage is markedly accelerated by high-salt (HS) intake in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are epoxygenase products of arachidonic acid which possess vasodepressor, natriuretic, and anti-inflammatory activities. We examined whether up-regulation (clofibrate) or inhibition [N-methylsulfonyl-6-(2-propargyloxyphenyl)hexanamide (MS-PPOH)] of epoxygenase would alter systolic blood pressure (SBP) and/or renal pathology in SHRSP on HS intake (1% NaCl drinking solution). Three weeks of treatment with clofibrate induced renal cortical protein expression of CYP2C23 and increased urinary excretion of EETs compared with vehicle-treated SHRSP. SBP and urinary protein excretion (UPE) were significantly lowered with clofibrate treatment. Kidneys from vehicle-treated SHRSP, which were on HS intake for 3 weeks, demonstrated focal lesions of vascular fibrinoid degeneration, which were markedly attenuated with clofibrate treatment. In contrast, 2 weeks of treatment with the selective epoxygenase inhibitor, MS-PPOH, increased UPE without significantly altering neither urinary EET levels nor SBP. Kidneys from vehicle-treated SHRSP, which were on HS intake for 11 days, demonstrated occasional mild damage whereas kidneys from MS-PPOH-treated rats exhibited widespread malignant nephrosclerosis. These results suggest that pharmacological manipulation of epoxygenase results in divergent effects on renal damage and that interventions to increase EET levels may provide therapeutic strategies for treating salt-sensitive hypertension and renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Charles T Stier
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College Valhalla, NY, USA
| | | | - Vijay L Manthati
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John R Falck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mairéad A Carroll
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College Valhalla, NY, USA
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22
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Mencl S, Garz C, Niklass S, Braun H, Göb E, Homola G, Heinze HJ, Reymann KG, Kleinschnitz C, Schreiber S. Early microvascular dysfunction in cerebral small vessel disease is not detectable on 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging: a longitudinal study in spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats. Exp Transl Stroke Med 2013; 5:8. [PMID: 23800299 PMCID: PMC3724477 DOI: 10.1186/2040-7378-5-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) has distinct histopathologic and imaging findings in its advanced stages. In spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats (SHRSP), a well-established animal model of CSVD, we recently demonstrated that cerebral microangiopathy is initiated by early microvascular dysfunction leading to the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and an activated coagulatory state resulting in capillary and arteriolar erythrocyte accumulations (stases). In the present study, we investigated whether initial microvascular dysfunction and other stages of the pathologic CSVD cascade can be detected by serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). FINDINGS Fourteen SHRSP and three control (Wistar) rats (aged 26-44 weeks) were investigated biweekly by 3.0 Tesla (3 T) MRI. After perfusion, brains were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and histology was correlated with MRI data. Three SHRSP developed terminal CSVD stages including cortical, hippocampal, and striatal infarcts and macrohemorrhages, which could be detected consistently by MRI. Corresponding histology showed small vessel thromboses and increased numbers of small perivascular bleeds in the infarcted areas. However, 3 T MRI failed to visualize intravascular erythrocyte accumulations, even in those brain regions with the highest densities of affected vessels and the largest vessels affected by stases, as well as failing to detect small perivascular bleeds. CONCLUSION Serial MRI at a field strength of 3 T failed to detect the initial microvascular dysfunction and subsequent small perivascular bleeds in SHRSP; only terminal stages of cerebral microangiopathy were reliably detected. Further investigations at higher magnetic field strengths (7 T) using blood- and flow-sensitive sequences are currently underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Mencl
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Garz
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Holger Braun
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Eva Göb
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - György Homola
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jochen Heinze
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany ; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany ; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Klaus G Reymann
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany ; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefanie Schreiber
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany ; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
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