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Bonilla-Jaime H, Zeleke H, Rojas A, Espinosa-Garcia C. Sleep Disruption Worsens Seizures: Neuroinflammation as a Potential Mechanistic Link. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12531. [PMID: 34830412 PMCID: PMC8617844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbances, such as insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, and daytime sleepiness, are common in people diagnosed with epilepsy. These disturbances can be attributed to nocturnal seizures, psychosocial factors, and/or the use of anti-epileptic drugs with sleep-modifying side effects. Epilepsy patients with poor sleep quality have intensified seizure frequency and disease progression compared to their well-rested counterparts. A better understanding of the complex relationship between sleep and epilepsy is needed, since approximately 20% of seizures and more than 90% of sudden unexpected deaths in epilepsy occur during sleep. Emerging studies suggest that neuroinflammation, (e.g., the CNS immune response characterized by the change in expression of inflammatory mediators and glial activation) may be a potential link between sleep deprivation and seizures. Here, we review the mechanisms by which sleep deprivation induces neuroinflammation and propose that neuroinflammation synergizes with seizure activity to worsen neurodegeneration in the epileptic brain. Additionally, we highlight the relevance of sleep interventions, often overlooked by physicians, to manage seizures, prevent epilepsy-related mortality, and improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herlinda Bonilla-Jaime
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Área de Biología Conductual y Reproductiva, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de Mexico CP 09340, Mexico;
| | - Helena Zeleke
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Biology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Asheebo Rojas
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Claudia Espinosa-Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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2
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Maiese K. Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Gaining Insight through Circadian Clock Gene Pathways. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1002. [PMID: 34356626 PMCID: PMC8301848 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders affect fifteen percent of the world's population and pose a significant financial burden to all nations. Cognitive impairment is the seventh leading cause of death throughout the globe. Given the enormous challenges to treat cognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, and the inability to markedly limit disease progression, circadian clock gene pathways offer an exciting strategy to address cognitive loss. Alterations in circadian clock genes can result in age-related motor deficits, affect treatment regimens with neurodegenerative disorders, and lead to the onset and progression of dementia. Interestingly, circadian pathways hold an intricate relationship with autophagy, the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), the silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1), mammalian forkhead transcription factors (FoxOs), and the trophic factor erythropoietin. Autophagy induction is necessary to maintain circadian rhythm homeostasis and limit cortical neurodegenerative disease, but requires a fine balance in biological activity to foster proper circadian clock gene regulation that is intimately dependent upon mTOR, SIRT1, FoxOs, and growth factor expression. Circadian rhythm mechanisms offer innovative prospects for the development of new avenues to comprehend the underlying mechanisms of cognitive loss and forge ahead with new therapeutics for dementia that can offer effective clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New York, NY 10022, USA
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3
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Hansda SR, Haldar C. Uterine anomalies in cell proliferation, energy homeostasis and oxidative stress in PCOS hamsters, M. auratus: Therapeutic potentials of melatonin. Life Sci 2021; 281:119755. [PMID: 34175318 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a reproductive, endocrine and metabolic disorder. Less is known about the mechanism of its effect on uterine function and therapeutic potential of melatonin. Our aim was to evaluate uterine dysfunction(s) in letrozole induced PCOS and its possible rectification by melatonin. MAIN METHODS Adult female golden hamsters were divided into groups of Control (C), Melatonin (M; 1 mg/kg b.w.), Letrozole (L; 3 mg/kg b.w.) and combination of Letrozole+Melatonin (L + M; 3 mg/kg b.w. + 1 mg/kg b.w.) which were treated for 40 days. Analysis of serum testosterone/estradiol/progesterone/leptin/insulin, uterine histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry for proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), homeostatic assessment model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), western blotting for PCNA, androgen receptor (AR), insulin receptor (InsR), glucose tansporter-4 (GLUT-4), nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and biochemical analysis of superoxide dismutase (SOD)/catalase/lipid peroxidation (LPO) were done. KEY FINDINGS Serum testosterone, leptin and insulin increased while uterine InsR/GLUT-4 expression decreased in L group indicating metabolic abnormalities. Endometrial hyperplasia, increased expression of PCNA and AR indicated abnormal proliferation in L compared to C. Increased uterine oxidative load (SOD/catalase/LPO) and inflammatory markers NFκB/COX-2 expression in L was responsible for high tissue oxidative stress and inflammation. M administration normalized all the above parameters suggesting its ameliorative effect in L + M group. SIGNIFICANCE We report PCOS induced uterine dysfunction in Mesocricetus auratus for the first time. M administration restores uterine functions modulating cellular dynamicity, metabolic status, decreased oxidative and inflammatory load in PCOS hamsters. Therefore, we suggest the therapeutic potential of M against PCOS led uterine abnormalities to restore female fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti R Hansda
- Pineal Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
| | - Chandana Haldar
- Pineal Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
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4
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Mondal S, Kumar V, Singh SP. Oxidative stress measurement in different morphological forms of wild-type and mutant cyanobacterial strains: Overcoming the limitation of fluorescence microscope-based method. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 200:110730. [PMID: 32464439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of oxidative stress caused by a wide range of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is essential to have an idea about the fitness and growth of photosynthetic organisms. The imaging-based oxidative stress measurement in cyanobacteria using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) dye has the limitation of small sample size as the only selected number of cells are analyzed to measure the ROS levels. Here, we developed a method for oxidative stress measurement by DCFH-DA and flow cytometer (FCM) using unicellular Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 and filamentous Fremyella diplosiphon BK14 cyanobacteria. F. diplosiphon BK14 inherently possess high levels of ROS and showed higher sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide treatment in comparison to S. elongatus PCC 7942. We successfully measured oxidative stress in glutaredoxin lacking strain (Δgrx3) of S. elongatus PCC 7942, and wild-type Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 using FCM based method. Importantly, ROS were not detected in these two strains of cyanobacteria by fluorescence microscope-based method due to their small spherical morphology. Δgrx3 strain showed high ROS levels in comparison to its wild-type strain. Treatment of abiotic factors such as high PAR in wild-type and Δgrx3 strains of S. elongatus PCC 7942, low PAR or low PAR + UVR in wild-type S. elongatus PCC 7942, and high PAR or high PAR + NaCl in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 increased oxidative stress. In summary, the FCM based method can measure ROS levels produced due to physiological conditions associated with genetic changes or abiotic stress in a large population of cells regardless of their morphology. Therefore, the present study shows the usefulness of the method in monitoring the health of organisms in a large scale cultivation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumila Mondal
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Shailendra P Singh
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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5
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Role of melatonin and HSF-1\HSP-70 in modulating cold stress-induced immunosuppression in a tropical rodent- Funambulus pennanti. J Therm Biol 2020; 87:102456. [PMID: 32001016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Gao T, Wang Z, Dong Y, Cao J, Lin R, Wang X, Yu Z, Chen Y. Role of melatonin in sleep deprivation-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in mice. J Pineal Res 2019; 67:e12574. [PMID: 30929267 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal diseases caused by sleep deprivation (SD) are severe public health threats worldwide. This study focuses on the effect of melatonin on intestinal mucosal injury and microbiota dysbiosis in sleep-deprived mice. Mice subjected to SD had significantly elevated norepinephrine levels and decreased melatonin content in plasma. Consistent with the decrease in melatonin levels, we observed a decrease of antioxidant ability, down-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines and up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in sleep-deprived mice, which resulted in colonic mucosal injury, including a reduced number of goblet cells, proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells, expression of MUC2 and tight junction proteins and elevated expression of ATG5, Beclin1, p-P65 and p-IκB. High-throughput pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA demonstrated that the diversity and richness of the colonic microbiota were decreased in sleep-deprived mice, especially in probiotics, including Akkermansia, Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium. However, the pathogen Aeromonas was markedly increased. By contrast, supplementation with 20 and 40 mg/kg melatonin reversed these SD-induced changes and improved the mucosal injury and dysbiosis of the microbiota in the colon. Our results suggest that the effect of SD on intestinal barrier dysfunction might be an outcome of melatonin suppression rather than a loss of sleep per se. SD-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction involved the suppression of melatonin production and activation of the NF-κB pathway by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulan Dong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Rutao Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xintong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengquan Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Hinojosa-Godinez A, Jave-Suarez LF, Flores-Soto M, Gálvez-Contreras AY, Luquín S, Oregon-Romero E, González-Pérez O, González-Castañeda RE. Melatonin modifies SOX2 + cell proliferation in dentate gyrus and modulates SIRT1 and MECP2 in long-term sleep deprivation. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1787-1795. [PMID: 31169197 PMCID: PMC6585545 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.257537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a pleiotropic molecule that, after a short-term sleep deprivation, promotes the proliferation of neural stem cells in the adult hippocampus. However, this effect has not been observed in long-term sleep deprivation. The precise mechanism exerted by melatonin on the modulation of neural stem cells is not entirely elucidated, but evidence indicates that epigenetic regulators may be involved in this process. In this study, we investigated the effect of melatonin treatment during a 96-hour sleep deprivation and analyzed the expression of epigenetic modulators predicted by computational text mining and keyword clusterization. Our results showed that the administration of melatonin under sleep-deprived conditions increased the MECP2 expression and reduced the SIRT1 expression in the dentate gyrus. We observed that let-7b, mir-132, and mir-124 were highly expressed in the dentate gyrus after melatonin administration, but they were not modified by sleep deprivation. In addition, we found more Sox2+/5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU)+ cells in the subgranular zone of the sleep-deprived group treated with melatonin than in the untreated group. These findings may support the notion that melatonin modifies the expression of epigenetic mediators that, in turn, regulate the proliferation of neural progenitor cells in the adult dentate gyrus under long-term sleep-deprived conditions. All procedures performed in this study were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the University of Guadalajara, Mexico (approval No. CI-16610) on January 2, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Hinojosa-Godinez
- Laboratorio de Microscopía de Alta Resolución, Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Luis F Jave-Suarez
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, México
| | - Mario Flores-Soto
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, México
| | - Alma Y Gálvez-Contreras
- Laboratorio de Microscopía de Alta Resolución, Departamento de Neurociencias; Unidad de Atención en Neurociencias, Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Sonia Luquín
- Laboratorio de Microscopía de Alta Resolución, Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Edith Oregon-Romero
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Oscar González-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Colima, Colima, México
| | - Rocio E González-Castañeda
- Laboratorio de Microscopía de Alta Resolución, Departamento de Neurociencias; Unidad de Atención en Neurociencias, Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
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8
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Rastogi S, Haldar C. Comparative effect of melatonin and quercetin in counteracting LPS induced oxidative stress in bone marrow mononuclear cells and spleen of Funambulus pennanti. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:243-252. [PMID: 29964085 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A majority of cellular diseases, independent of their origin, are characterized by a dramatic increase in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in response to stress. In most cases, the uncontrolled detrimental ROS outburst is difficult to handle for the cellular machinery and eventually leads to cell mortality. In this study, we compare the antioxidant efficacy of quercetin and melatonin to find out a better alternative against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced tissue injury by oxidative stress in Funambulus pennanti. Transient exposure to LPS significantly increased ROS generation and lipid peroxidation levels in bone marrow mononuclear cells (MNCs) and spleen which was further corroborated by decreased activities of SOD, CAT and Gpx enzymes. It also downregulate the expression of cellular oxidative stress response proteins Nrf-2 and HO-1 in spleen and decreases the proliferation of bone marrow derived Granulocyte macrophage-colony forming unit cells (GM-CFU). Both melatonin and quercetin pre-treatments rescued these effects, however, our results indicated that the efficacy of melatonin to overcome oxidative stress was significantly better than quercetin. Our findings support the idea that melatonin is a better antioxidant and immunomodulator as compared to other alternatives and perhaps may be employed in the development of effective therapeutics against ROS dominated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Rastogi
- Pineal Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Chandana Haldar
- Pineal Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Zhu X, Chen S, Jiang Y, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Chen L, Li C, Zhou X. Analysis of miRNA expression profiles in melatonin-exposed GC-1 spg cell line. Gene 2018; 642:513-521. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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10
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Corrales A, Parisotto EB, Vidal V, García-Cerro S, Lantigua S, Diego M, Wilhem Filho D, Sanchez-Barceló EJ, Martínez-Cué C, Rueda N. Pre- and post-natal melatonin administration partially regulates brain oxidative stress but does not improve cognitive or histological alterations in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome. Behav Brain Res 2017; 334:142-154. [PMID: 28743603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin administered during adulthood induces beneficial effects on cognition and neuroprotection in the Ts65Dn (TS) mouse model of Down syndrome. Here, we investigated the effects of pre- and post-natal melatonin treatment on behavioral and cognitive abnormalities and on several neuromorphological alterations (hypocellularity, neurogenesis impairment and increased oxidative stress) that appear during the early developmental stages in TS mice. Pregnant TS females were orally treated with melatonin or vehicle from the time of conception until the weaning of the offspring, and the pups continued to receive the treatment from weaning until the age of 5 months. Melatonin administered during the pre- and post-natal periods did not improve the cognitive impairment of TS mice as measured by the Morris Water maze or fear conditioning tests. Histological alterations, such as decreased proliferation (Ki67+ cells) and hippocampal hypocellularity (DAPI+ cells), which are typical in TS mice, were not prevented by melatonin. However, melatonin partially regulated brain oxidative stress by modulating the activity of the primary antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase in the cortex and catalase in the cortex and hippocampus) and slightly decreasing the levels of lipid peroxidation in the hippocampus of TS mice. These results show the inability of melatonin to prevent cognitive impairment in TS mice when it is administered at pre- and post-natal stages. Additionally, our findings suggest that to induce pro-cognitive effects in TS mice during the early stages of development, in addition to attenuating oxidative stress, therapies should aim to improve other altered processes, such as hippocampal neurogenesis and/or hypocellularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Corrales
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Eduardo B Parisotto
- Department of Ecology and Zoology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Verónica Vidal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Susana García-Cerro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Sara Lantigua
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Marian Diego
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Danilo Wilhem Filho
- Department of Ecology and Zoology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Emilio J Sanchez-Barceló
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Carmen Martínez-Cué
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Noemí Rueda
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
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Guo Q, Wang Z, Dong Y, Cao J, Chen Y. Physiological crosstalk between the AC/PKA and PLC/PKC pathways modulates melatonin-mediated, monochromatic-light-induced proliferation of T-lymphocytes in chickens. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 369:555-565. [PMID: 28660299 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2644-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Previous study has demonstrated that melatonin plays a critical role in monochromatic-light-induced lymphocyte proliferation in response to T cell mitogen concanavalin A (ConA). However, its intracellular mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we investigate the intracellular signal pathways of melatonin receptor-mediated T-lymphocyte proliferation in the spleens of chicks exposed to different light wavelengths. Results showed that green light enhanced T-lymphocyte proliferation by 2.46-6.83% and increased splenic mRNA and protein expressions of melatonin receptor subtypes (Mel1a, Mel1b and Mel1c) by 16.05-40.43% compared with the white, red and blue light groups. However, pinealectomy resulted in a decrease in T-lymphocyte proliferation and melatonin receptor expression with no statistically significant differences between the different light groups. In vitro experiments showed that the Mel1b selective antagonist 4P-PDOT, the Mel1c selective antagonist prazosin and the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-1 (MEK-1) inhibitor PD98059 suppressed both melatonin-induced lymphocyte proliferation in response to ConA and melatonin- and ConA-stimulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activity but that the Mel1a/Mel1b non-selective antagonist luzindole did not. In addition, pretreatment with forskolin (FSK, the adenylyl cyclase activator), H89 (the PKA inhibitor), U73122 (the PLC inhibitor) or Go6983 (the broad spectrum PKC inhibitor) markedly attenuated melatonin- and ConA-stimulated T-lymphocyte proliferation and ERK1/2 activity. These results demonstrate that melatonin mediates green-light-induced T-lymphocyte proliferation via the Mel1b and Mel1c receptors by triggering crosstalk between the cAMP/PKA and PLC/PKC signal pathways followed by ERK1/2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Guo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.,Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center, Beijing, 100076, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yulan Dong
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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12
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Meng X, Li Y, Li S, Zhou Y, Gan RY, Xu DP, Li HB. Dietary Sources and Bioactivities of Melatonin. Nutrients 2017; 9:E367. [PMID: 28387721 PMCID: PMC5409706 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insomnia is a serious worldwide health threat, affecting nearly one third of the general population. Melatonin has been reported to improve sleep efficiency and it was found that eating melatonin-rich foods could assist sleep. During the last decades, melatonin has been widely identified and qualified in various foods from fungi to animals and plants. Eggs and fish are higher melatonin-containing food groups in animal foods, whereas in plant foods, nuts are with the highest content of melatonin. Some kinds of mushrooms, cereals and germinated legumes or seeds are also good dietary sources of melatonin. It has been proved that the melatonin concentration in human serum could significantly increase after the consumption of melatonin containing food. Furthermore, studies show that melatonin exhibits many bioactivities, such as antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory characteristics, boosting immunity, anticancer activity, cardiovascular protection, anti-diabetic, anti-obese, neuroprotective and anti-aging activity. This review summaries the dietary sources and bioactivities of melatonin, with special attention paid to the mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ya Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Yue Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ren-You Gan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Dong-Ping Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
- South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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13
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Xu DL, Hu XK. Photoperiod and temperature differently affect immune function in striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 204:211-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Rao G, Verma R, Mukherjee A, Haldar C, Agrawal NK. Melatonin alleviates hyperthyroidism induced oxidative stress and neuronal cell death in hippocampus of aged female golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus. Exp Gerontol 2016; 82:125-30. [PMID: 27374868 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a well known phenomenon under hyperthyroid condition that induces various physiological and neural problems with a higher prevalence in females. We, therefore investigated the antioxidant potential of melatonin (Mel) on hyperthyroidism-induced oxidative stress and neuronal cell death in the hippocampus region of brain (cognition and memory centre) of aged female golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus. Aged female hamsters were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n=7); group-I: control, group-II: Melatonin (5mgkg(-1)day(-1), i.p., for one week), group-III: Hyperthyroid (100μg kg(-1)day(-1), i.p., for two weeks) and group-IV- Hyper+Mel. Hormonal profiles (thyroid and melatonin), activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GPX), lipid peroxidation level (TBARS) and the specific apoptotic markers (Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and Caspase-3) expression were evaluated. A significant increase in the profile of total thyroid hormone (tT3 and tT4) in hyperthyroidic group as compared to control while tT3 significantly decreased in melatonin treated hyperthyroidic group. However, Mel level significantly decreased in hyperthyroidic group but increased in melatonin treated hyperthyroidic group. Further, the number of immune-positive cells for thyroid hormone receptor-alpha (TR-α) decreased in the hippocampus of hyperthyroidic group and increased in melatonin treated hyperthyroidic group. Profiles of antioxidant enzymes showed a significant decrease in hyperthyroidic group with a simultaneous increase in lipid peroxidation (TBARS). Melatonin treatment to hyperthyroidic group lead to decreased TBARS level with a concomitant increase in antioxidant enzyme activity. Moreover, increased expression of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and Caspase-3, in hyperthyroidic group had elevated neuronal cell death in hippocampal area and melatonin treatment reduced its expression in hyperthyroidic group. Our findings thus indicate that melatonin reduced the hyperthyroidism-induced oxidative stress and neuronal cell death in the hippocampus region of brain, suggesting a novel therapeutic approach of melatonin for management of cognition and memory function in females under hyperthyroid condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Rao
- College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, United States of America
| | - Rakesh Verma
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP 221005, India
| | - Arun Mukherjee
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP 221005, India
| | - Chandana Haldar
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP 221005, India.
| | - Neeraj Kumar Agrawal
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP 221005, India
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Son GW, Yang H, Park HR, Lee SE, Jin YH, Park CS, Park YS. Analysis of miRNA expression profiling in melatonin-exposured endothelial cells. Mol Cell Toxicol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-016-0010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Deng WS, Xu Q, Liu YE, Jiang CH, Zhou H, Gu L. Effects of melatonin on liver function and lipid peroxidation in a rat model of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:1955-1960. [PMID: 27168834 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of melatonin (MT) on liver function and lipid peroxidation following hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). A total of 66 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into three groups: Normal control (N) group, ischemia-reperfusion (IR) group and the MT-treated group. A hepatic IRI model was developed by blocking the first porta hepatis, and subsequently restoring hepatic blood inflow after 35 min. Following reperfusion, changes in the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) were detected by a chemical method at various time points. In the MT group, the MDA levels were significantly reduced (P<0.05) at all time points, as compared with the IR group. Furthermore, SOD activity was significantly increased (P<0.05) in the MT group, as compared with the IR group at all time points; and the levels of GSH in the MT group were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of the IR group at 2, 4, and 8 h post-reperfusion. The levels of ALT, AST and LDH were significantly reduced in the MT group at each time point, as compared with that of the IR group (P<0.05). In conclusion, MT exhibits potent antioxidant properties that may create favorable conditions for the recovery of liver function following IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Sheng Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Y E Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Hui Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Lei Gu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
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The Activation of Nrf2 and Its Downstream Regulated Genes Mediates the Antioxidative Activities of Xueshuan Xinmaining Tablet in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:187265. [PMID: 26681964 PMCID: PMC4670635 DOI: 10.1155/2015/187265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have verified the critical role that antioxidative stress plays in protecting vascular endothelial cells. The aims of the present study were to investigate the antioxidative activities and differential regulation of nuclear erythroid-related factor 2- (Nrf2-) mediated gene expression by Xueshuan Xinmaining Tablet (XXT), a traditional Chinese medicine with the effect of treating cardiovascular diseases. The antioxidative activities of XXT were investigated using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), a PCR array, and western blotting. Our results indicated that XXT exhibited potent antioxidative activities by suppressing the levels of hydrogen peroxide- (H2O2-) induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We were also conscious of strong Nrf2-mediated antioxidant induction. XXT enhanced the expressions of Keap1, Nrf2, and Nrf2-mediated genes, such as glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), NAD(P)H: quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in HUVECs. In summary, XXT strongly activated Nrf2 and its downstream regulated genes, which may contribute to the antioxidative and vascular endothelial cell protective activities of XXT.
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Melatonin membrane receptor (MT1R) expression and nitro-oxidative stress in testis of golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus: An age-dependent study. Exp Gerontol 2015; 69:211-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Guo Q, Dong Y, Cao J, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Chen Y. Developmental changes of melatonin receptor expression in the spleen of the chicken, Gallus domesticus. Acta Histochem 2015; 117:559-65. [PMID: 26024931 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin plays an essential role in development and immunoregulation of the avian spleen through its receptors; however, the variations in the expression of the melatonin receptor subtypes in the developing avian spleen are still unclear. The objective of the present study was not only to investigate the distribution patterns and development changes of the expression of the melatonin receptor subtypes (Mel1a, Mel1b and Mel1c) in the chicken spleen but also to identify the correlation between the plasma melatonin concentration and the expression of the melatonin receptor subtypes. The immunohistochemical results indicated that Mel1a was mainly distributed in the red pulp and capillaries, Mel1b was predominantly distributed in the periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS) and splenic nodule, and Mel1c was widely located in the red pulp, PALS and splenic nodule. From P0 to P21, the mRNA and protein expressions of Mel1a, Mel1b and Mel1c in the spleen were increased (P<0.05); however, a slight increase in the expression of the three melatonin receptor subtypes was observed after P21 (P>0.05). Furthermore, the mRNA levels of Mel1b and Mel1c between P0 and P14 raised more quickly than Mel1a. The plasma melatonin concentration increased in an age-dependent manner in the chicken from P0 to P42 (P<0.05), and this increasing change was linear after P14 (P<0.05). The melatonin level in the plasma is strongly correlated with the protein expressions of Mel1a (r=0.938, P=0.005), Mel1b (r=0.912, P=0.011), and Mel1c (r=0.906, P=0.012) in the chicken spleen. These results suggest the existence of age-related and region-specific changes in the expression of the melatonin receptor subtypes within the spleen of the chicken, and this characteristic pattern may be involved in the development and functional maturation of the avian spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Guo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yulan Dong
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ziqiang Zhang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China.
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Maiese K. FoxO proteins in the nervous system. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2015; 2015:569392. [PMID: 26171319 PMCID: PMC4478359 DOI: 10.1155/2015/569392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute as well as chronic disorders of the nervous system lead to significant morbidity and mortality for millions of individuals globally. Given the ability to govern stem cell proliferation and differentiated cell survival, mammalian forkhead transcription factors of the forkhead box class O (FoxO) are increasingly being identified as potential targets for disorders of the nervous system, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and auditory neuronal disease. FoxO proteins are present throughout the body, but they are selectively expressed in the nervous system and have diverse biological functions. The forkhead O class transcription factors interface with an array of signal transduction pathways that include protein kinase B (Akt), serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible protein kinase (SgK), IκB kinase (IKK), silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (S. cerevisiae) (SIRT1), growth factors, and Wnt signaling that can determine the activity and integrity of FoxO proteins. Ultimately, there exists a complex interplay between FoxO proteins and their signal transduction pathways that can significantly impact programmed cell death pathways of apoptosis and autophagy as well as the development of clinical strategies for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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New Insights for Oxidative Stress and Diabetes Mellitus. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:875961. [PMID: 26064426 PMCID: PMC4443788 DOI: 10.1155/2015/875961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the generation of oxidative stress are considered critical factors for the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM), a disorder that is growing in prevalence and results in significant economic loss. New therapeutic directions that address the detrimental effects of oxidative stress may be especially warranted to develop effective care for the millions of individuals that currently suffer from DM. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (S. cerevisiae) (SIRT1), and Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) are especially justified to be considered treatment targets for DM since these pathways can address the complex relationship between stem cells, trophic factors, impaired glucose tolerance, programmed cell death pathways of apoptosis and autophagy, tissue remodeling, cellular energy homeostasis, and vascular biology that greatly impact the biology and disease progression of DM. The translation and development of these pathways into viable therapies will require detailed understanding of their proliferative nature to maximize clinical efficacy and limit adverse effects that have the potential to lead to unintended consequences.
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Maiese K. Novel applications of trophic factors, Wnt and WISP for neuronal repair and regeneration in metabolic disease. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:518-28. [PMID: 26170801 PMCID: PMC4424733 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.155427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus affects almost 350 million individuals throughout the globe resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Of further concern is the growing population of individuals that remain undiagnosed but are susceptible to the detrimental outcomes of this disorder. Diabetes mellitus leads to multiple complications in the central and peripheral nervous systems that include cognitive impairment, retinal disease, neuropsychiatric disease, cerebral ischemia, and peripheral nerve degeneration. Although multiple strategies are being considered, novel targeting of trophic factors, Wnt signaling, Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1, and stem cell tissue regeneration are considered to be exciting prospects to overcome the cellular mechanisms that lead to neuronal injury in diabetes mellitus involving oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy. Pathways that involve insulin-like growth factor-1, fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and erythropoietin can govern glucose homeostasis and are intimately tied to Wnt signaling that involves Wnt1 and Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (CCN4) to foster control over stem cell proliferation, wound repair, cognitive decline, β-cell proliferation, vascular regeneration, and programmed cell death. Ultimately, cellular metabolism through Wnt signaling is driven by primary metabolic pathways of the mechanistic target of rapamycin and AMP activated protein kinase. These pathways offer precise biological control of cellular metabolism, but are exquisitely sensitive to the different components of Wnt signaling. As a result, unexpected clinical outcomes can ensue and therefore demand careful translation of the mechanisms that govern neural repair and regeneration in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, New Jersey 07101, USA
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23
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Pandey SK, Haldar C, Vishwas DK, Maiti P. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of melatonin entrapped PLA nanoparticles: an oxidative stress and T-cell response using golden hamster. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:3034-44. [PMID: 25727726 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of melatonin entrapped PLA nanoparticles (Mel-NPs) and pure Mel on impact of reactive oxygen species (ROS), blastogenic responses (%SR) in terms of proliferation of splenocytes. ROS have been proposed to play an important role in balancing the pro- and antioxidant homeostasis during different physiological condition of organism. Melatonin has been suggested as an effective free radical scavenger that may have an important role during this process. Mel-NPs were prepared by using emulsification (o/w) nanoprecipitation method and their physicochemical characterizations were studied for evaluation of particle size and encapsulation efficiency by using SEM, TEM, particle size analyzer, DSC and FTIR. The TEM micrograph showed excellent findings regarding size, shape, encapsulation efficiency and difference between pure PLA nanoparticles and Mel-NPs. The SEM micrographs of Mel-NPs showed spherical shape, smooth surfaces and the homogeneous particle size distribution. In TEM micrograph, the average diameter of Mel-NPs was found to be 36 ± 8 nm with ∼78% (w/w) of entrapment efficiency. The size of pure PLA nanoparticles was found to be larger as compared to Mel-NPs which confirm that the drug supports the reduction of the size of Mel-NPs. In in vitro study, we observed that Mel-NPs significantly reduce the level of ROS in splenocytes and increased the level %SR at 96 h of splenocytes culture as compared to the culture with pure Mel. Thus our results propose high clinical value for improvement of depressed immunity by Mel-NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev K Pandey
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Chandana Haldar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Dipanshu K Vishwas
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Pralay Maiti
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
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Age dependent nitro-oxidative load and melatonin receptor expression in the spleen and immunity of goat Capra hircus. Exp Gerontol 2014; 60:72-8. [PMID: 25281807 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The decline in the plasma level of melatonin has been associated with increased oxidative stress in the physiological system while aging. The increased levels of oxidants are known to augment the nitro-oxidative stress, which induces the apoptotic factors in lymphoid organs leading to age dependent immunosenescence. There are no reports to date that can suggest how the age dependent nitro-oxidative stress can influence the melatonin membrane MT1/MT2R expression and immune status of any small ruminant. In the present study, we noted the expression of melatonin receptors MT1R and MT2R and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) along with the apoptotic markers (viz. Bcl-2, Bax and Pro-caspase-3) in the spleen of young, middle-aged and old-aged Indian goat Capra hircus. The lymphocyte proliferation was also recorded along with the total nitrite and nitrate ion concentration (NOx) in the spleen and plasma. An age dependent decline in MT1R and MT2R expressions and lymphocyte proliferation with increased level of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and iNOS expression was noted. An increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and a decreased Pro-caspase-3 expression were observed in the spleen of goat with an age dependent decline in the peripheral melatonin level. This decline in melatonin along with reduced melatonin receptor (MT1/MT2) expression and elevated RNS level in the spleen with aging might have an important role in the regulation of immune function of goats. Our observations suggest that the age-associated immunosenescence observed in goats can be a consequence of declining melatonin and its receptor expression and induction of apoptotic factors influenced by the increased RNS level that deteriorates the proper functioning of the spleen.
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25
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MT1 receptor expression and AA-NAT activity in lymphatic tissue following melatonin administration in male golden hamster. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 22:258-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Allagui M, Feriani A, Saoudi M, Badraoui R, Bouoni Z, Nciri R, Murat J, Elfeki A. Effects of melatonin on aluminium-induced neurobehavioral and neurochemical changes in aging rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 70:84-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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27
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Vishwas DK, Haldar C. Photoperiodic induced melatonin regulates immunity and expression pattern of melatonin receptor MT1 in spleen and bone marrow mononuclear cells of male golden hamster. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 128:107-14. [PMID: 24090924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pineal gland transduces day length information into chemical signal of melatonin that ultimately translates photic stimulus into season-specific immune responses to promote survival of individual from incidence of opportunistic diseases. To date, the immune adjustments being a result of photoperiodic exposures for any nocturnal seasonally breeding rodent have not been systematically examined. Therefore, we evaluated the humoral and cell mediated immune responses of photoperiodically entrained male golden hamsters. Short day induced melatonin increased the immune parameters such as spleen mass, total leukocyte (TLC) and lymphocyte count (LC), proliferation of splenocytes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) along with serum IL-2 and anti-Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) IgG production when compared with long day experienced hamsters. Short term melatonin treatment (for two weeks) to long day hamsters enhanced to some extent the proliferation of splenocytes, PBMC and TLC/LC. We also localized the melatonin membrane receptor MT1 in spleen and BMMNCs that strongly supported our western blot analysis for the expression of MT1 in spleen suggesting that different photoperiodically induced circulatory melatonin is responsible for the immunomodulation. Therefore, photoperiod can influence the peripheral melatonin level to improve immune responses of hamsters according to season for better survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanshu Kumar Vishwas
- Pineal Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
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Vishwas DK, Mukherjee A, Haldar C. Melatonin improves humoral and cell-mediated immune responses of male golden hamster following stress induced by dexamethasone. J Neuroimmunol 2013; 259:17-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Melatonin: buffering the immune system. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:8638-83. [PMID: 23609496 PMCID: PMC3645767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14048638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin modulates a wide range of physiological functions with pleiotropic effects on the immune system. Despite the large number of reports implicating melatonin as an immunomodulatory compound, it still remains unclear how melatonin regulates immunity. While some authors argue that melatonin is an immunostimulant, many studies have also described anti-inflammatory properties. The data reviewed in this paper support the idea of melatonin as an immune buffer, acting as a stimulant under basal or immunosuppressive conditions or as an anti-inflammatory compound in the presence of exacerbated immune responses, such as acute inflammation. The clinical relevance of the multiple functions of melatonin under different immune conditions, such as infection, autoimmunity, vaccination and immunosenescence, is also reviewed.
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30
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Ingiosi AM, Opp MR, Krueger JM. Sleep and immune function: glial contributions and consequences of aging. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2013; 23:806-11. [PMID: 23452941 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The reciprocal interactions between sleep and immune function are well-studied. Insufficient sleep induces innate immune responses as evidenced by increased expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in the brain and periphery. Conversely, immune challenges upregulate immunomodulator expression, which alters central nervous system-mediated processes and behaviors, including sleep. Recent studies indicate that glial cells, namely microglia and astrocytes, are active contributors to sleep and immune system interactions. Evidence suggests glial regulation of these interactions is mediated, in part, by adenosine and adenosine 5'-triphosphate actions at purinergic type 1 and type 2 receptors. Furthermore, microglia and astrocytes may modulate declines in sleep-wake behavior and immunity observed in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Ingiosi
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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