1
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Eid SA, O’Brien PD, Kretzler KH, Jang DG, Mendelson FE, Hayes JM, Carter A, Zhang H, Pennathur S, Brosius FC, Koubek EJ, Feldman EL. Dietary interventions improve diabetic kidney disease, but not peripheral neuropathy, in a db/db mouse model of type 2 diabetes. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23115. [PMID: 37490006 PMCID: PMC10372884 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300354r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes often develop the microvascular complications of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), which decrease quality of life and increase mortality. Unfortunately, treatment options for DKD and DPN are limited. Lifestyle interventions, such as changes to diet, have been proposed as non-pharmacological treatment options for preventing or improving DKD and DPN. However, there are no reported studies simultaneously evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of varying dietary interventions in a type 2 diabetes mouse model of both DKD and DPN. Therefore, we compared the efficacy of a 12-week regimen of three dietary interventions, low carbohydrate, caloric restriction, and alternate day fasting, for preventing complications in a db/db type 2 diabetes mouse model by performing metabolic, DKD, and DPN phenotyping. All three dietary interventions promoted weight loss, ameliorated glycemic status, and improved DKD, but did not impact percent fat mass and DPN. Multiple regression analysis identified a negative correlation between fat mass and motor nerve conduction velocity. Collectively, our data indicate that these three dietary interventions improved weight and glycemic status and alleviated DKD but not DPN. Moreover, diets that decrease fat mass may be a promising non-pharmacological approach to improve DPN in type 2 diabetes given the negative correlation between fat mass and motor nerve conduction velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A. Eid
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA
| | | | | | - Dae-Gyu Jang
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA
| | - Faye E. Mendelson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA
| | - John M. Hayes
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA
| | - Andrew Carter
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA
| | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA
| | - Frank C. Brosius
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721 USA
| | - Emily J. Koubek
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA
| | - Eva L. Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA
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2
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Abushukur Y, Knackstedt R. The Impact of Supplements on Recovery After Peripheral Nerve Injury: A Review of the Literature. Cureus 2022; 14:e25135. [PMID: 35733475 PMCID: PMC9205410 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) can result from trauma, surgical resection, iatrogenic injury, and/or local anesthetic toxicity. Damage to peripheral nerves may result in debilitating weakness, numbness, paresthesia, pain, and/or autonomic instability. As PNI is associated with inflammation and nerve degeneration, means to mitigate this response could result in improved outcomes. Numerous nutrients have been investigated to prevent the negative sequelae of PNI. Alpha-lipoic acid, cytidine diphosphate-choline (CDP Choline), curcumin, melatonin, vitamin B12, and vitamin E have demonstrated notable success in improving recovery following PNI within animal models. While animal studies show ample evidence that various supplements may improve recovery after PNI, similar evidence in human patients is limited. The goal of this review is to analyze supplements that have been used successfully in animal models of PNI to serve as a reference for future studies on human patients. By analyzing supplements that have shown efficacy in animal studies, healthcare providers will have a resource from which to guide decision-making regarding future human studies investigating the role that supplements could play in PNI recovery. Ultimately, establishing a comprehensive understanding of these supplements in human patients following PNI may significantly improve post-surgical outcomes, quality of life, and peripheral nerve regeneration.
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3
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Lee JY, Lee GJ, Nakamura A, Lee PR, Kim Y, Won CH, Furue H, Oh SB. Involvement of cannabinoid type 1 receptor in fasting-induced analgesia. Mol Pain 2021; 16:1744806920969476. [PMID: 33121353 PMCID: PMC7607739 DOI: 10.1177/1744806920969476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is known to modulate not only food intake but also pain, especially via the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R) expressed throughout the central nervous system and the peripheral tissues. Our previous study demonstrated that fasting produces an analgesic effect in adult male mice, which is reversed by intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of CB1R antagonist (SR 141716). In the present study, we further examined the effect of CB1R expressed in the peripheral tissues. In the formalin-induced inflammatory pain model, i.p. administration of peripherally restricted CB1R antagonist (AM 6545) reversed fasting-induced analgesia. However, intraplantar administration of SR 141716 did not affect fasting-induced analgesia. Furthermore, mRNA expression of CB1R did not change in the formalin model by fasting in the dorsal root ganglia. The formalin-induced c-Fos expression at the spinal cord level was not affected by fasting, and in vivo recording from the superficial dorsal horn of the lumbar spinal cord revealed that fasting did not affect formalin-induced neural activity, which indicates minimal involvement of the spinal cord in fasting-induced analgesia. Finally, when we performed subdiaphragmatic vagotomy to block the hunger signal from the gastrointestinal (GI) system, AM 6545 did not affect fasting-induced analgesia, but SR 141716 still reversed fasting-induced analgesia. Taken together, our results suggest that both peripheral and central CB1Rs contribute to fasting-induced analgesic effects and the CB1Rs in the GI system which transmit fasting signals to the brain, rather than those in the peripheral sensory neurons, may contribute to fasting-induced analgesic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Yun Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Grace J Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ayumi Nakamura
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Pa Reum Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeajin Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hee Won
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hidemasa Furue
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Seog Bae Oh
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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4
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The Role of Dietary Nutrients in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147417. [PMID: 34299037 PMCID: PMC8303934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerves are highly susceptible to injuries induced from everyday activities such as falling or work and sport accidents as well as more severe incidents such as car and motorcycle accidents. Many efforts have been made to improve nerve regeneration, but a satisfactory outcome is still unachieved, highlighting the need for easy to apply supportive strategies for stimulating nerve growth and functional recovery. Recent focus has been made on the effect of the consumed diet and its relation to healthy and well-functioning body systems. Normally, a balanced, healthy daily diet should provide our body with all the needed nutritional elements for maintaining correct function. The health of the central and peripheral nervous system is largely dependent on balanced nutrients supply. While already addressed in many reviews with different focus, we comprehensively review here the possible role of different nutrients in maintaining a healthy peripheral nervous system and their possible role in supporting the process of peripheral nerve regeneration. In fact, many dietary supplements have already demonstrated an important role in peripheral nerve development and regeneration; thus, a tailored dietary plan supplied to a patient following nerve injury could play a non-negotiable role in accelerating and promoting the process of nerve regeneration.
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5
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Damián JP, Vázquez Alberdi L, Canclini L, Rosso G, Bravo SO, Martínez M, Uriarte N, Ruiz P, Calero M, Di Tomaso MV, Kun A. Central Alteration in Peripheral Neuropathy of Trembler-J Mice: Hippocampal pmp22 Expression and Behavioral Profile in Anxiety Tests. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040601. [PMID: 33921657 PMCID: PMC8074002 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) type 1 disease is the most common human hereditary demyelinating neuropathy. Mutations in pmp22 cause about 70% of all CMT1. Trembler-J (TrJ/+) mice are an animal model of CMT1E, having the same spontaneous pmp22 mutation that is found in humans. We compared the behavior profile of TrJ/+ and +/+ (wild-type) in open-field and elevated-plus-maze anxiety tests. In these tests, TrJ/+ showed an exclusive head shake movement, a lower frequency of rearing, but a greater frequency of grooming. In elevated-plus-maze, TrJ/+ defecate more frequently, performed fewer total entries, and have fewer entries to closed arms. These hippocampus-associated behaviors in TrJ/+ are consistent with increased anxiety levels. The expression of pmp22 and soluble PMP22 were evaluated in E17-hippocampal neurons and adult hippocampus by in situ hybridization and successive immunohistochemistry. Likewise, the expression of pmp22 was confirmed by RT-qPCR in the entire isolated hippocampi of both genotypes. Moreover, the presence of aggregated PMP22 was evidenced in unmasked granular hippocampal adult neurons and shows genotypic differences. We showed for the first time a behavior profile trait associated with anxiety and a differential expression of pmp22/PMP22 in hippocampal neurons of TrJ/+ and +/+ mice, demonstrating the involvement at the central level in an animal model of peripheral neuropathy (CMT1E).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Damián
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay;
| | - Lucia Vázquez Alberdi
- Departamento de Proteínas y Ácidos Nucleicos, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay; (L.V.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Lucía Canclini
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay; (L.C.); (M.V.D.T.)
| | - Gonzalo Rosso
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Silvia Olivera Bravo
- Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay;
| | - Mariana Martínez
- Departamento de Proteínas y Ácidos Nucleicos, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay; (L.V.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Natalia Uriarte
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay;
| | - Paul Ruiz
- Unidad de Biofísica, Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay;
| | - Miguel Calero
- Unidad de Encefalopatías Espongiformes, UFIEC, CIBERNED, CIEN Foundation, Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María Vittoria Di Tomaso
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay; (L.C.); (M.V.D.T.)
| | - Alejandra Kun
- Departamento de Proteínas y Ácidos Nucleicos, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay; (L.V.A.); (M.M.)
- Sección Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +598-2487-1616; Fax: +598-2487-5461
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6
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Sayadi JJ, Sayadi L, Satteson E, Chopan M. Nerve injury and repair in a ketogenic milieu: A systematic review of traumatic injuries to the spinal cord and peripheral nervous tissue. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244244. [PMID: 33395427 PMCID: PMC7781473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary interventions such as intermittent fasting and the ketogenic diet have demonstrated neuroprotective effects in various models of neurological insult. However, there has been a lack of evaluation of these interventions from a surgical perspective despite their potential to augment reparative processes that occur following nerve injury. Thus, we sought to analyze the effects of these dietary regimens on nerve regeneration and repair by critical appraisal of the literature. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was performed to identify studies published between 1950 and 2020 that examined the impact of either the ketogenic diet or intermittent fasting on traumatic injuries to the spinal cord or peripheral nerves. Study characteristics and outcomes were analyzed for each included article. A total of 1,890 articles were reviewed, of which 11 studies met inclusion criteria. Each of these articles was then assessed based on a variety of qualitative parameters, including type of injury, diet composition, timing, duration, and outcome. In total, seven articles examined the ketogenic diet, while four examined intermittent fasting. Only three studies examined peripheral nerves. Neuroprotective effects manifested as either improved histological or functional benefits in most of the included studies. Overall, we conclude that intermittent fasting and the ketogenic diet may promote neuroprotection and facilitate the regeneration and repair of nerve fibers following injury; however, lack of consistency between the studies in terms of animal models, diet compositions, and timing of dietary interventions preclude synthesis of their outcomes as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamasb Joshua Sayadi
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Lohrasb Sayadi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Ellen Satteson
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mustafa Chopan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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7
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De Angelis F, Vacca V, Pavone F, Marinelli S. Impact of caloric restriction on peripheral nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain during ageing in mice. Eur J Pain 2019; 24:374-382. [PMID: 31610068 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of peripheral neuropathy development and chronic pain is strongly associated with the arrival of senescence. The gradual physiological decline that begins after the mature stage produces myelin dysregulation and pathological changes in peripheral nervous system, attributed to reduction in myelin proteins expression and thinner myelin sheath. Moreover in elder subjects, when nerve damage occurs, the regenerative processes are seriously compromised and neuropathic pain (NeP) is maintained. We previously demonstrated that caloric restriction (CR) in adult (4 months) nerve-lesioned mice was able to facilitate remyelination and axons regeneration, to have anti-inflammatory action and to prevent NeP chronification. Here, we show CR therapeutic potential on nerve injury-induced neuropathy in mice at the beginning of the senescence (12 months). Long lasting decrease in hypersensitvity induced by peripheral nerve lesion and powerful reduction in proinflammatory circulating agents have been observed. Moreover, our results evidence that CR is able to counteract the ageing-related delay in axonal regeneration, enhancing Schwann cells proliferation and accelerating recovery processes. Differently from adults, it does not affect fibres myelination. In light of a continuous growth in elderly population and correlated health problems, including metabolic disorders, the prevalence of neuropathy is enhancing, generating a significant public cost and social concern. In this context energy depletion by dietary restriction can be a therapeutic option in NeP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica De Angelis
- IRCCS - S. Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,CNR - Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Monterotondo scalo, Italy
| | - Valentina Vacca
- IRCCS - S. Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,CNR - Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Monterotondo scalo, Italy
| | - Flaminia Pavone
- CNR - Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Monterotondo scalo, Italy
| | - Sara Marinelli
- CNR - Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Monterotondo scalo, Italy
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8
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Yildiran H, Macit MS, Özata Uyar G. New approach to peripheral nerve injury: nutritional therapy. Nutr Neurosci 2018; 23:744-755. [PMID: 30526417 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1554322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of review: There is no review in the literature on the effect of nutrition-related factors on peripheral nerve injuries. Therefore, it is aimed to evaluate the effect of nutritional factors on nerve injuries in this compilation. Recent findings: Although there are several fundamental mechanisms by which nutrients and nutritional factors influence individuals, their exact impacts on neurogenesis have not been clearly identified. Recently, some studies showed that some nutrients have an important role in nerve injuries due to their neuroprotective properties. In addition to surgical treatment, in peripheral nerve injuries, these nutrients also may play a role in preserving nerve function and health, as well as in the recovery of an injured nerve tissue. Omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids, group B vitamins, antioxidants, several minerals, phenolic compounds, and alpha lipoic acid are thought to have impacts on the nervous system. In addition to all of these, gut microbiota has effects on the nervous system, and some nutrient-related factors can also affect neurogenesis via gut microbiota. Summary: Peripheral nerve injury is a condition in which the nerves in the peripheral nervous system become damaged. After the trauma, the peripheral nerve is hardly repaired due to the following reasons; the disability of the regeneration of motor neurons, the lack of a survival environment for Schwann cells, and the poor ability of the nerves to regenerate. Nutrition-related factors, the effects of which were described in recent years, should be more taken into account more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Yildiran
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melahat Sedanur Macit
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Gizem Özata Uyar
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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9
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Aging and Intermittent Fasting Impact on Transcriptional Regulation and Physiological Responses of Adult Drosophila Neuronal and Muscle Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041140. [PMID: 29642630 PMCID: PMC5979431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The progressive decline of the nervous system, including protein aggregate formation, reflects the subtle dysregulation of multiple functional pathways. Our previous work has shown intermittent fasting (IF) enhances longevity, maintains adult behaviors and reduces aggregates, in part, by promoting autophagic function in the aging Drosophila brain. To clarify the impact that IF-treatment has upon aging, we used high throughput RNA-sequencing technology to examine the changing transcriptome in adult Drosophila tissues. Principle component analysis (PCA) and other analyses showed ~1200 age-related transcriptional differences in head and muscle tissues, with few genes having matching expression patterns. Pathway components showing age-dependent expression differences were involved with stress response, metabolic, neural and chromatin remodeling functions. Middle-aged tissues also showed a significant increase in transcriptional drift-variance (TD), which in the CNS included multiple proteolytic pathway components. Overall, IF-treatment had a demonstrably positive impact on aged transcriptomes, partly ameliorating both fold and variance changes. Consistent with these findings, aged IF-treated flies displayed more youthful metabolic, behavioral and basal proteolytic profiles that closely correlated with transcriptional alterations to key components. These results indicate that even modest dietary changes can have therapeutic consequences, slowing the progressive decline of multiple cellular systems, including proteostasis in the aging nervous system.
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10
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Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase modulation by berberine attenuates mitochondrial deficits and redox imbalance in experimental diabetic neuropathy. Neuropharmacology 2018; 131:256-270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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Lee S, Bazick H, Chittoor-Vinod V, Al Salihi MO, Xia G, Notterpek L. Elevated Peripheral Myelin Protein 22, Reduced Mitotic Potential, and Proteasome Impairment in Dermal Fibroblasts from Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Type 1A Patients. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 188:728-738. [PMID: 29246495 PMCID: PMC5842032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A common form of hereditary autosomal dominant demyelinating neuropathy known as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) is linked with duplication of the peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) gene. Although studies from animal models have led to better understanding of the pathobiology of these neuropathies, there continues to be a gap in the translation of findings from rodents to humans. Because PMP22 was originally identified in fibroblasts as growth arrest specific gene 3 (gas3) and is expressed broadly in the body, it was tested whether skin cells from neuropathic patients would display the cellular pathology observed in Schwann cells from rodent models. Dermal fibroblasts from two CMT1A pedigrees with confirmed PMP22 gene duplication were studied. Samples from age-matched non-neuropathic individuals were used as controls. CMT1A patient–derived cultures contain approximately 1.5-fold elevated levels of PMP22 mRNA, exhibit reduced mitotic potential, and display intracellular protein aggregates as compared to cells from unaffected individuals. The presence of cytosolic PMP22 coincides with a decrease in proteasome activity and an increase in autophagy-lysosomal proteins, including LC3-II and LAMP1. These results indicate that the abnormalities in the subcellular processing of excess PMP22 elicit a detectable response in human CMT1A fibroblasts, a phenotype that resembles Schwann cells from neuropathic mice. These findings support the use of human CMT1A fibroblasts as a platform for therapy testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooyeon Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Hannah Bazick
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Vinita Chittoor-Vinod
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mohammed Omar Al Salihi
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Guangbin Xia
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Lucia Notterpek
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
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12
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Mattson MP, Longo VD, Harvie M. Impact of intermittent fasting on health and disease processes. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 39:46-58. [PMID: 27810402 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 591] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Humans in modern societies typically consume food at least three times daily, while laboratory animals are fed ad libitum. Overconsumption of food with such eating patterns often leads to metabolic morbidities (insulin resistance, excessive accumulation of visceral fat, etc.), particularly when associated with a sedentary lifestyle. Because animals, including humans, evolved in environments where food was relatively scarce, they developed numerous adaptations that enabled them to function at a high level, both physically and cognitively, when in a food-deprived/fasted state. Intermittent fasting (IF) encompasses eating patterns in which individuals go extended time periods (e.g., 16-48h) with little or no energy intake, with intervening periods of normal food intake, on a recurring basis. We use the term periodic fasting (PF) to refer to IF with periods of fasting or fasting mimicking diets lasting from 2 to as many as 21 or more days. In laboratory rats and mice IF and PF have profound beneficial effects on many different indices of health and, importantly, can counteract disease processes and improve functional outcome in experimental models of a wide range of age-related disorders including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancers and neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease Parkinson's disease and stroke. Studies of IF (e.g., 60% energy restriction on 2days per week or every other day), PF (e.g., a 5day diet providing 750-1100kcal) and time-restricted feeding (TRF; limiting the daily period of food intake to 8h or less) in normal and overweight human subjects have demonstrated efficacy for weight loss and improvements in multiple health indicators including insulin resistance and reductions in risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The cellular and molecular mechanisms by which IF improves health and counteracts disease processes involve activation of adaptive cellular stress response signaling pathways that enhance mitochondrial health, DNA repair and autophagy. PF also promotes stem cell-based regeneration as well as long-lasting metabolic effects. Randomized controlled clinical trials of IF versus PF and isoenergetic continuous energy restriction in human subjects will be required to establish the efficacy of IF in improving general health, and preventing and managing major diseases of aging.
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13
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Yerra VG, Kalvala AK, Kumar A. Isoliquiritigenin reduces oxidative damage and alleviates mitochondrial impairment by SIRT1 activation in experimental diabetic neuropathy. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 47:41-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Loos B, Klionsky DJ, Wong E. Augmenting brain metabolism to increase macro- and chaperone-mediated autophagy for decreasing neuronal proteotoxicity and aging. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 156:90-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Areti A, Yerra VG, Komirishetty P, Kumar A. Potential Therapeutic Benefits of Maintaining Mitochondrial Health in Peripheral Neuropathies. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 14:593-609. [PMID: 26818748 PMCID: PMC4981743 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666151126215358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Peripheral neuropathies are a group of diseases characterized by malfunctioning of peripheral nervous system. Neuropathic pain, one of the core manifestations of peripheral neuropathy remains as the most severe disabling condition affecting the social and daily routine life of patients suffering from peripheral neuropathy. Method: The current review is aimed at unfolding the possible role of mitochondrial dysfunction in peripheral nerve damage and to discuss on the probable therapeutic strategies against neuronal mitotoxicity. The article also highlights the therapeutic significance of maintaining a healthy mitochondrial environment in neuronal cells via pharmacological management in context of peripheral neuropathies. Results: Aberrant cellular signaling coupled with changes in neurotransmission, peripheral and central sensitization are found to be responsible for the pathogenesis of variant toxic neuropathies. Current research reports have indicated the possible involvement of mitochondria mediated redox imbalance as one of the principal causes of neuropathy aetiologies. In addition to imbalance in redox homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction is also responsible for alterations in physiological bioenergetic metabolism, apoptosis and autophagy pathways. Conclusions: In spite of various etiological factors, mitochondrial dysfunction has been found to be a major pathomechanism underlying the neuronal dysfunction associated with peripheral neuropathies. Pharmacological modulation of mitochondria either directly or indirectly is expected to yield therapeutic relief from various primary and secondary mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Balanagar, Hyderabad, TG-500037.
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16
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Mathis AD, Naylor BC, Carson RH, Evans E, Harwell J, Knecht J, Hexem E, Peelor FF, Miller BF, Hamilton KL, Transtrum MK, Bikman BT, Price JC. Mechanisms of In Vivo Ribosome Maintenance Change in Response to Nutrient Signals. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 16:243-254. [PMID: 27932527 PMCID: PMC5294211 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.063255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of protein homeostasis is fundamental to the health and longevity of all organisms. Because the rate of protein synthesis by ribosomes is a central control point in this process, regulation, and maintenance of ribosome function could have amplified importance in the overall regulatory circuit. Indeed, ribosomal defects are commonly associated with loss of protein homeostasis, aging, and disease (1–4), whereas improved protein homeostasis, implying optimal ribosomal function, is associated with disease resistance and increased lifespan (5–7). To maintain a high-quality ribosome population within the cell, dysfunctional ribosomes are targeted for autophagic degradation. It is not known if complete degradation is the only mechanism for eukaryotic ribosome maintenance or if they might also be repaired by replacement of defective components. We used stable-isotope feeding and protein mass spectrometry to measure the kinetics of turnover of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and 71 ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) in mice. The results indicate that exchange of individual proteins and whole ribosome degradation both contribute to ribosome maintenance in vivo. In general, peripheral r-proteins and those with more direct roles in peptide-bond formation are replaced multiple times during the lifespan of the assembled structure, presumably by exchange with a free cytoplasmic pool, whereas the majority of r-proteins are stably incorporated for the lifetime of the ribosome. Dietary signals impact the rates of both new ribosome assembly and component exchange. Signal-specific modulation of ribosomal repair and degradation could provide a mechanistic link in the frequently observed associations among diminished rates of protein synthesis, increased autophagy, and greater longevity (5, 6, 8, 9).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eric Evans
- From the ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
| | | | - Jared Knecht
- From the ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
| | - Eric Hexem
- From the ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
| | - Fredrick F Peelor
- §Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- §Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Karyn L Hamilton
- §Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | | | - Benjamin T Bikman
- ‖Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - John C Price
- From the ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
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17
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Assessing Basal and Acute Autophagic Responses in the Adult Drosophila Nervous System: The Impact of Gender, Genetics and Diet on Endogenous Pathway Profiles. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164239. [PMID: 27711219 PMCID: PMC5053599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The autophagy pathway is critical for the long-term homeostasis of cells and adult organisms and is often activated during periods of stress. Reduced pathway efficacy plays a central role in several progressive neurological disorders that are associated with the accumulation of cytotoxic peptides and protein aggregates. Previous studies have shown that genetic and transgenic alterations to the autophagy pathway impacts longevity and neural aggregate profiles of adult Drosophila. In this study, we have identified methods to measure the acute in vivo induction of the autophagy pathway in the adult fly CNS. Our findings indicate that the genotype, age, and gender of adult flies can influence pathway responses. Further, we demonstrate that middle-aged male flies exposed to intermittent fasting (IF) had improved neuronal autophagic profiles. IF-treated flies also had lower neural aggregate profiles, maintained more youthful behaviors and longer lifespans, when compared to ad libitum controls. In summary, we present methodology to detect dynamic in vivo changes that occur to the autophagic profiles in the adult Drosophila CNS and that a novel IF-treatment protocol improves pathway response in the aging nervous system.
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18
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Hamilton R, Walsh M, Singh R, Rodriguez K, Gao X, Rahman MM, Chaudhuri A, Bhattacharya A. Oxidative damage to myelin proteins accompanies peripheral nerve motor dysfunction in aging C57BL/6 male mice. J Neurol Sci 2016; 370:47-52. [PMID: 27772785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with a decline in peripheral nerve function of both motor and sensory nerves. The decline in function of peripheral sensorimotor nerves with aging has been linked to sarcopenia, the age-related decline in muscle mass and function that significantly compromises the quality of life in older humans. In this study, we report a significant increase in oxidized fatty acids and insoluble protein carbonyls in sciatic nerves of aged C57BL/6 male mice (28-30mo) that exhibit a profound decline in motor nerve function and degenerative changes in both axon and myelin structure, compared to young mice (6-8mo). Our data further suggests that this age-related loss of function of peripheral motor nerves is likely precipitated by changes in mechanisms that protect and/or repair oxidative damage. We predict that interventions that target these mechanisms may protect against age-related decline in peripheral sensorimotor nerve function and likely improve the debilitating outcome of sarcopenia in older humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Hamilton
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michael Walsh
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA; Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rashmi Singh
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Karl Rodriguez
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Md Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Asish Chaudhuri
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Arunabh Bhattacharya
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA; Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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19
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Suchiang K, Sharma R. Age-dependent modulation of fasting and long-term dietary restriction on acetylcholinesterase in non-neuronal tissues of mice. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 419:135-45. [PMID: 27379505 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2757-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) without malnutrition is a robust intervention that extends lifespan and slows the onset of nervous system deficit and age-related diseases in diverse organisms. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), a thoroughly studied enzyme better known for hydrolyzing acetylcholine (ACh) in neuronal tissues, has recently been linked with multiple unrelated biological functions in different non-neuronal tissues. In the present study, the activity and protein expression level of AChE in liver, heart, and kidney of young (1 month), adult (6 month), and aged (18 month) mice were investigated. We also studied age- and tissue-specific changes in AChE activity and protein expression level after the mice were subjected to 24-h fasting and long-term DR. Our results showed that AChE activity and protein expression in kidney and heart of aged mice decreased significantly in comparison with young mice. On the contrary, long-term DR decreases the AChE activity and the protein expression level in all tissues irrespective of ages studied. We summarized that changes in AChE with age in different tissues studied reflects its different roles at different phases of an organism's life. Conversely, the cumulative modulation manifested in the form of lowering AChE by long-term DR may prevent the futile synthesis and accumulation of unwanted AChE besides the added compensatory benefit of enhanced ACh availability needed during the period of starvation. This, in turn, may help in preventing the declining homeostatic roles of this important neurotransmitter in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitlangki Suchiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India.
| | - Ramesh Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, 793 022, India
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20
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Zhou Y, Notterpek L. Promoting peripheral myelin repair. Exp Neurol 2016; 283:573-80. [PMID: 27079997 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Compared to the central nervous system (CNS), peripheral nerves have a remarkable ability to regenerate and remyelinate. This regenerative capacity to a large extent is dependent on and supported by Schwann cells, the myelin-forming glial cells of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). In a variety of paradigms, Schwann cells are critical in the removal of the degenerated tissue, which is followed by remyelination of newly-regenerated axons. This unique plasticity of Schwann cells has been the target of myelin repair strategies in acute injuries and chronic diseases, such as hereditary demyelinating neuropathies. In one approach, the endogenous regenerative capacity of Schwann cells is enhanced through interventions such as exercise, electrical stimulation or pharmacological means. Alternatively, Schwann cells derived from healthy nerves, or engineered from different tissue sources have been transplanted into the PNS to support remyelination. These transplant approaches can then be further enhanced by exercise and/or electrical stimulation, as well as by the inclusion of biomaterial engineered to support glial cell viability and neurite extension. Advances in our basic understanding of peripheral nerve biology, as well as biomaterial engineering, will further improve the functional repair of myelinated peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhou
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Lucia Notterpek
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
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21
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Krishnan VS, White Z, McMahon CD, Hodgetts SI, Fitzgerald M, Shavlakadze T, Harvey AR, Grounds MD. A Neurogenic Perspective of Sarcopenia: Time Course Study of Sciatic Nerves From Aging Mice. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2016; 75:464-78. [DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlw019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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22
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Yang L, Licastro D, Cava E, Veronese N, Spelta F, Rizza W, Bertozzi B, Villareal DT, Hotamisligil GS, Holloszy JO, Fontana L. Long-Term Calorie Restriction Enhances Cellular Quality-Control Processes in Human Skeletal Muscle. Cell Rep 2016; 14:422-428. [PMID: 26774472 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) retards aging, acts as a hormetic intervention, and increases serum corticosterone and HSP70 expression in rodents. However, less is known regarding the effects of CR on these factors in humans. Serum cortisol and molecular chaperones and autophagic proteins were measured in the skeletal muscle of subjects on CR diets for 3-15 years and in control volunteers. Serum cortisol was higher in the CR group than in age-matched sedentary and endurance athlete groups (15.6 ± 4.6 ng/dl versus 12.3 ± 3.9 ng/dl and 11.2 ± 2.7 ng/dl, respectively; p ≤ 0.001). HSP70, Grp78, beclin-1, and LC3 mRNA and/or protein levels were higher in the skeletal muscle of the CR group compared to controls. Our data indicate that CR in humans is associated with sustained rises in serum cortisol, reduced inflammation, and increases in key molecular chaperones and autophagic mediators involved in cellular protein quality control and removal of dysfunctional proteins and organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Danilo Licastro
- CBM Scrl-Genomics, Area Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Edda Cava
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences and Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza," 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences and Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Spelta
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences and Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Wanda Rizza
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences and Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Food and Human Nutrition Science, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bertozzi
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences and Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dennis T Villareal
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences and Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gökhan S Hotamisligil
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John O Holloszy
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences and Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Luigi Fontana
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences and Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Brescia University, 25121 Brescia, Italy; CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80122 Napoli, Italy.
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23
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Yerra VG, Gundu C, Bachewal P, Kumar A. Autophagy: The missing link in diabetic neuropathy? Med Hypotheses 2016; 86:120-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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24
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Abstract
Although major research efforts have focused on how specific components of foodstuffs affect health, relatively little is known about a more fundamental aspect of diet, the frequency and circadian timing of meals, and potential benefits of intermittent periods with no or very low energy intakes. The most common eating pattern in modern societies, three meals plus snacks every day, is abnormal from an evolutionary perspective. Emerging findings from studies of animal models and human subjects suggest that intermittent energy restriction periods of as little as 16 h can improve health indicators and counteract disease processes. The mechanisms involve a metabolic shift to fat metabolism and ketone production, and stimulation of adaptive cellular stress responses that prevent and repair molecular damage. As data on the optimal frequency and timing of meals crystalizes, it will be critical to develop strategies to incorporate those eating patterns into health care policy and practice, and the lifestyles of the population.
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25
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Abstract
Humans and their predecessors evolved in environments where they were challenged intermittently with: 1) food scarcity; 2) the need for aerobic fitness to catch/kill prey and avoid or repel attackers; and 3) exposure to biological toxins present in foodstuffs. Accordingly, cells and organ systems acquired and retained molecular signaling and metabolic pathways through which the environmental challenges enhanced the functionality and resilience of the cells and organisms. Within the past 60 years there has been a precipitous diminution of such challenges in modern societies because of the development of technologies that provide a continuous supply of energy-dense processed foods and that largely eliminate the need for physical exertion. As a consequence of the modern 'couch potato' lifestyle, signaling pathways that mediate beneficial effects of environmental challenges on health and disease resistance are disengaged, thereby rendering people vulnerable to obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. Reversal of the epidemic of diseases caused by unchallenging lifestyles will require a society-wide effort to re-introduce intermittent fasting, exercise and consumption of plants containing hormetic phytochemicals into daily and weekly routines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD. 21224
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26
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Hantke J, Carty L, Wagstaff LJ, Turmaine M, Wilton DK, Quintes S, Koltzenburg M, Baas F, Mirsky R, Jessen KR. c-Jun activation in Schwann cells protects against loss of sensory axons in inherited neuropathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 137:2922-37. [PMID: 25216747 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A is the most frequent inherited peripheral neuropathy. It is generally due to heterozygous inheritance of a partial chromosomal duplication resulting in over-expression of PMP22. A key feature of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A is secondary death of axons. Prevention of axonal loss is therefore an important target of clinical intervention. We have previously identified a signalling mechanism that promotes axon survival and prevents neuron death in mechanically injured peripheral nerves. This work suggested that Schwann cells respond to injury by activating/enhancing trophic support for axons through a mechanism that depends on upregulation of the transcription factor c-Jun in Schwann cells, resulting in the sparing of axons that would otherwise die. As c-Jun orchestrates Schwann cell support for distressed neurons after mechanical injury, we have now asked: do Schwann cells also activate a c-Jun dependent neuron-supportive programme in inherited demyelinating disease? We tested this by using the C3 mouse model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A. In line with our previous findings in humans with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A, we found that Schwann cell c-Jun was elevated in (uninjured) nerves of C3 mice. We determined the impact of this c-Jun activation by comparing C3 mice with double mutant mice, namely C3 mice in which c-Jun had been conditionally inactivated in Schwann cells (C3/Schwann cell-c-Jun(-/-) mice), using sensory-motor tests and electrophysiological measurements, and by counting axons in proximal and distal nerves. The results indicate that c-Jun elevation in the Schwann cells of C3 nerves serves to prevent loss of myelinated sensory axons, particularly in distal nerves, improve behavioural symptoms, and preserve F-wave persistence. This suggests that Schwann cells have two contrasting functions in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A: on the one hand they are the genetic source of the disease, on the other, they respond to it by mounting a c-Jun-dependent response that significantly reduces its impact. Because axonal death is a central feature of much nerve pathology it will be important to establish whether an axon-supportive Schwann cell response also takes place in other conditions. Amplification of this axon-supportive mechanism constitutes a novel target for clinical intervention that might be useful in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A and other neuropathies that involve axon loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Hantke
- 1 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London (UCL), Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lucy Carty
- 1 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London (UCL), Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Laura J Wagstaff
- 1 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London (UCL), Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mark Turmaine
- 1 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London (UCL), Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Daniel K Wilton
- 1 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London (UCL), Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Susanne Quintes
- 1 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London (UCL), Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Frank Baas
- 3 Department of Genome Analysis, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rhona Mirsky
- 1 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London (UCL), Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Kristján R Jessen
- 1 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London (UCL), Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Nicks J, Lee S, Harris A, Falk DJ, Todd AG, Arredondo K, Dunn WA, Notterpek L. Rapamycin improves peripheral nerve myelination while it fails to benefit neuromuscular performance in neuropathic mice. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 70:224-36. [PMID: 25014022 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot--Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) is a hereditary peripheral neuropathy characterized by progressive demyelination and distal muscle weakness. Abnormal expression of peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) has been linked to CMT1A and is modeled by Trembler J (TrJ) mice, which carry the same leucine to proline substitution in PMP22 as affected pedigrees. Pharmacologic modulation of autophagy by rapamycin in neuron-Schwann cell explant cultures from neuropathic mice reduced PMP22 aggregate formation and improved myelination. Here we asked whether rapamycin administration by food supplementation, or intraperitoneal injection, could alleviate the neuropathic phenotype of affected mice and improve neuromuscular performance. Cohorts of male and female wild type (Wt) and TrJ mice were assigned to placebo or rapamycin treatment starting at 2 or 4months of age and tested monthly on the rotarod. While neither long-term feeding (8 or 10months) on rapamycin-enriched diet, or short-term injection (2months) of rapamycin improved locomotor performance of the neuropathic mice, both regimen benefited peripheral nerve myelination. Together, these results indicate that while treatment with rapamycin benefits the myelination capacity of neuropathic Schwann cells, this intervention does not improve neuromuscular function. The observed outcome might be the result of the differential response of nerve and skeletal muscle tissue to rapamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Nicks
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Sooyeon Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Andrew Harris
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Darin J Falk
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Adrian G Todd
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Karla Arredondo
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - William A Dunn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lucia Notterpek
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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28
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Cherkas A, Golota S. An intermittent exhaustion of the pool of glycogen in the human organism as a simple universal health promoting mechanism. Med Hypotheses 2014; 82:387-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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29
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Biochemical characterization of protein quality control mechanisms during disease progression in the C22 mouse model of CMT1A. ASN Neuro 2013; 5:e00128. [PMID: 24175617 PMCID: PMC3848555 DOI: 10.1042/an20130024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) is a hereditary demyelinating neuropathy linked with duplication of the peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) gene. Transgenic C22 mice, a model of CMT1A, display many features of the human disease, including slowed nerve conduction velocity and demyelination of peripheral nerves. How overproduction of PMP22 leads to compromised myelin and axonal pathology is not fully understood, but likely involves subcellular alterations in protein homoeostatic mechanisms within affected Schwann cells. The subcellular response to abnormally localized PMP22 includes the recruitment of the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS), autophagosomes and heat-shock proteins (HSPs). Here we assessed biochemical markers of these protein homoeostatic pathways in nerves from PMP22-overexpressing neuropathic mice between the ages of 2 and 12 months to ascertain their potential contribution to disease progression. In nerves of 3-week-old mice, using endoglycosidases and Western blotting, we found altered processing of the exogenous human PMP22, an abnormality that becomes more prevalent with age. Along with the ongoing accrual of misfolded PMP22, the activity of the proteasome becomes compromised and proteins required for autophagy induction and lysosome biogenesis are up-regulated. Moreover, cytosolic chaperones are consistently elevated in nerves from neuropathic mice, with the most prominent change in HSP70. The gradual alterations in protein homoeostatic response are accompanied by Schwann cell de-differentiation and macrophage infiltration. Together, these results show that while subcellular protein quality control mechanisms respond appropriately to the presence of the overproduced PMP22, with aging they are unable to prevent the accrual of misfolded proteins. In peripheral nerves of neuropathic C22 mice the frequency of cytosolic PMP22 aggregates increases with age, which elicits a response from protein quality control mechanisms. The combined effects of aging and neuropathic genotype exacerbate disease progression leading to nerve defects.
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30
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Long-term analyses of innervation and neuromuscular integrity in the Trembler-J mouse model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2013; 72:942-54. [PMID: 24042197 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e3182a5f96e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A large fraction of hereditary demyelinating neuropathies, classified as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A, is associated with misexpression of peripheral myelin protein 22. In this study, we characterized morphologic and biochemical changes that occur with diseaseprogression in neuromuscular tissue of Trembler-J mice, a spontaneous rodent model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A. Using age-matched, 2- and 10-month-old, wild-type and Trembler-J mice, we observed neuromuscular deficits that progress from distal to proximal regions. The impairments in motor performance are underlined by degenerative events at distal nerve segments and structural alterations at nerve-muscle synapses. Furthermore, skeletal muscle of affected mice showed reduced myofiber diameter, increased expression of the muscle atrophy marker muscle ring-finger protein 1, and fiber type switching. A dietary intervention of intermittent fasting attenuated these progressive changes and supported distal nerve myelination and neuromuscular junction integrity. In addition to the well-characterized demyelination aspects of this model, our investigations identified distinct degenerative events in distal nerves and muscle of affected neuropathic mice. Therefore, therapeutic studies aimed at slowing or reversing the neuropathic features of these disorders should include the examination of muscle tissue, as well as neuromuscular contact sites.
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Abstract
Aging is associated with a host of biological changes that contribute to a progressive decline in cognitive and physical function, ultimately leading to a loss of independence, and increased risk of mortality. To date, prolonged caloric restriction (i.e., a reduction in caloric intake without malnutrition) is the only non-genetic intervention that has consistently been found to extend both mean and maximal life span across a variety of species. Most individuals have difficulty sustaining prolonged caloric restriction, which has led to a search for alternative approaches that can produce similar to benefits as caloric restriction. A growing body of evidence indicates that fasting periods and intermittent fasting regimens in particular can trigger similar biological pathways as caloric restriction. For this reason, there is increasing scientific interest in further exploring the biological and metabolic effects of intermittent fasting periods, as well as whether long-term compliance may be improved by this type of dietary approach. This special will highlight the latest scientific findings related to the effects of both caloric restriction and intermittent fasting across various species including yeast, fruit flies, worms, rodents, primates, and humans. A specific emphasis is placed on translational research with findings from basic bench to bedside reviewed and practical clinical implications discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Anton
- University of Florida, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
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