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Lang D, Ni H, Medvedev RY, Liu F, Alvarez-Baron CP, Tyan L, Turner DGP, Warden A, Morotti S, Schrauth TA, Rickert C, Proenza C, Chanda B, Kamp TJ, Robertson GA, Grandi E, Glukhov AV. WITHDRAWN: Caveolar Compartmentalization is Required for Stable Rhythmicity of Sinus Nodal Cells and is Disrupted in Heart Failure. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.14.589457. [PMID: 38659841 PMCID: PMC11042225 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.14.589457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The authors have withdrawn their manuscript owing to technical concerns merged during peer review. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.
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Mone P, Agyapong ED, Morciano G, Jankauskas SS, De Luca A, Varzideh F, Pinton P, Santulli G. Dysfunctional mitochondria elicit bioenergetic decline in the aged heart. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR AGING 2024; 4:13. [PMID: 39015481 PMCID: PMC11250775 DOI: 10.20517/jca.2023.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Aging represents a complex biological progression affecting the entire body, marked by a gradual decline in tissue function, rendering organs more susceptible to stress and diseases. The human heart holds significant importance in this context, as its aging process poses life-threatening risks. It entails macroscopic morphological shifts and biochemical changes that collectively contribute to diminished cardiac function. Among the numerous pivotal factors in aging, mitochondria play a critical role, intersecting with various molecular pathways and housing several aging-related agents. In this comprehensive review, we provide an updated overview of the functional role of mitochondria in cardiac aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Mone
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | - Esther Densu Agyapong
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Morciano
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola 48033, Italy
| | - Stanislovas S. Jankauskas
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Antonio De Luca
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Vanvitelli University, Naples 80100, Italy
| | - Fahimeh Varzideh
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola 48033, Italy
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University, International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME) Consortium, Academic Research Unit, Naples 80131, Italy
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
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Jones TLM, Woulfe KC. Considering impact of age and sex on cardiac cytoskeletal components. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H470-H478. [PMID: 38133622 PMCID: PMC11219061 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00619.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac cytoskeletal components are integral to cardiomyocyte function and are responsible for contraction, sustaining cell structure, and providing scaffolding to direct signaling. Cytoskeletal components have been implicated in cardiac pathology; however, less attention has been paid to age-related modifications of cardiac cytoskeletal components and how these contribute to dysfunction with increased age. Moreover, significant sex differences in cardiac aging have been identified, but we still lack a complete understanding to the mechanisms behind these differences. This review summarizes what is known about how key cardiomyocyte cytoskeletal components are modified because of age, as well as reported sex-specific differences. Thorough consideration of both age and sex as integral players in cytoskeletal function may reveal potential avenues for more personalized therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy L M Jones
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Kathleen C Woulfe
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
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Ashton KJ, Kiessling CJ, Thompson JLM, Aziz AY, Thomas WG, Headrick JP, Reichelt ME. Early cardiac aging linked to impaired stress-resistance and transcriptional control of stress response, quality control and mitochondrial pathways. Exp Gerontol 2023; 171:112011. [PMID: 36347360 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.112011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic and transcriptomic evidence of early cardiac aging, and associated mechanisms, were investigated in young to middle-aged male mice (C57Bl/6; ages 8, 16, 32, 48 wks). Left ventricular gene expression (profiled via Illumina MouseWG-6 BeadChips), contractile and coronary function, and stress-resistance were assessed in Langendorff perfused hearts under normoxic conditions and following ischemic insult (20 min global ischemia-45 min reperfusion; I-R). Baseline or normoxic contractile function was unaltered by age, while cardiac and coronary 'reserves' (during β-adrenoceptor stimulation; 1 μM isoproterenol) declined by 48 wks. Resistance to I-R injury fell from 16 to 32 wks. Age-dependent transcriptional changes In un-stressed hearts were limited to 104 genes (>1.3-fold; 0.05 FDR), supporting: up-regulated innate defenses (glutathione and xenobiotic metabolism, chemotaxis, interleukins) and catecholamine secretion; and down-regulated extracellular matrix (ECM), growth factor and survival (PI3K/Akt) signaling. In stressed (post-ischemic) myocardium, ∼15-times as many genes (1528) were age-dependent, grouped into 6 clusters (>1.3-fold change; 0.05 FDR): most changing from 16 wks (45 % up/44 % down), a further 5 % declining from 32 wks. Major age-dependent Biological Processes in I-R hearts reveal: declining ATP metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, cardiac contraction and morphogenesis, phospholipid metabolism and calcineurin signaling; increasing proteolysis and negative control of MAPK; and mixed changes in nuclear transport and angiogenic genes. Pathway analysis supports reductions in: autophagy, stress response, ER protein processing, mRNA surveillance and ribosome/translation genes; with later falls in mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation and proteasome genes in I-R hearts. Summarizing, early cardiac aging is evident from 16 to 32 wks in male mice, characterized by: declining cardiovascular reserve and stress-resistance, transcriptomic evidence of constitutive stress and altered catecholamine and survival/growth signaling in healthy hearts; and declining stress response, quality control, mitochondrial energy metabolism and cardiac modeling processes in stressed hearts. These very early changes, potentially key substrate for advanced aging, may inform approaches to healthy aging and cardioprotection in the adult heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Ashton
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Can J Kiessling
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Jamie-Lee M Thompson
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Aliah Y Aziz
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Walter G Thomas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John P Headrick
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Melissa E Reichelt
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Alloatti G, Penna C, Comità S, Tullio F, Aragno M, Biasi F, Pagliaro P. Aging, sex and NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiac ischaemic disease. Vascul Pharmacol 2022; 145:107001. [PMID: 35623548 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2022.107001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Experimentally, many strong cardioprotective treatments have been identified in different animal models of acute ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) and coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the translation of these cardioprotective therapies for the benefit of the patients into the clinical scenario has been very disappointing. The reasons for this lack are certainly multiple. Indeed, many confounding factors we must deal in clinical reality, such as aging, sex and inflammatory processes are neglected in many experiments. Due to the pivotal role of aging, sex and inflammation in determining cardiac ischaemic disease, in this review, we take into account age as a modifier of tolerance to IRI in the two sexes, dissecting aging and myocardial reperfusion injury mechanisms and the sex differences in tolerance to IRI. Then we focus on the role of the gut microbiota and the NLRP3 inflammasome in myocardial IRI and on the possibility to consider NLRP3 inflammasome as a potential target in the treatment of CAD in relationship with age and sex. Finally, we consider the cardioprotective mechanisms and cardioprotective treatments during aging in the two sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, TO, Italy; National Institute for Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Comità
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Francesca Tullio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Manuela Aragno
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Fiorella Biasi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, TO, Italy; National Institute for Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy.
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Bou‐Teen D, Fernandez‐Sanz C, Miro‐Casas E, Nichtova Z, Bonzon‐Kulichenko E, Casós K, Inserte J, Rodriguez‐Sinovas A, Benito B, Sheu S, Vázquez J, Ferreira‐González I, Ruiz‐Meana M. Defective dimerization of FoF1-ATP synthase secondary to glycation favors mitochondrial energy deficiency in cardiomyocytes during aging. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13564. [PMID: 35233924 PMCID: PMC8920436 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aged cardiomyocytes develop a mismatch between energy demand and supply, the severity of which determines the onset of heart failure, and become prone to undergo cell death. The FoF1-ATP synthase is the molecular machine that provides >90% of the ATP consumed by healthy cardiomyocytes and is proposed to form the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), an energy-dissipating channel involved in cell death. We investigated whether aging alters FoF1-ATP synthase self-assembly, a fundamental biological process involved in mitochondrial cristae morphology and energy efficiency, and the functional consequences this may have. Purified heart mitochondria and cardiomyocytes from aging mice displayed an impaired dimerization of FoF1-ATP synthase (blue native and proximity ligation assay), associated with abnormal mitochondrial cristae tip curvature (TEM). Defective dimerization did not modify the in vitro hydrolase activity of FoF1-ATP synthase but reduced the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation in intact mitochondria (in which membrane architecture plays a fundamental role) and increased cardiomyocytes' susceptibility to undergo energy collapse by mPTP. High throughput proteomics and fluorescence immunolabeling identified glycation of 5 subunits of FoF1-ATP synthase as the causative mechanism of the altered dimerization. In vitro induction of FoF1-ATP synthase glycation in H9c2 myoblasts recapitulated the age-related defective FoF1-ATP synthase assembly, reduced the relative contribution of oxidative phosphorylation to cell energy metabolism, and increased mPTP susceptibility. These results identify altered dimerization of FoF1-ATP synthase secondary to enzyme glycation as a novel pathophysiological mechanism involved in mitochondrial cristae remodeling, energy deficiency, and increased vulnerability of cardiomyocytes to undergo mitochondrial failure during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Bou‐Teen
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER‐CV) Madrid Spain
| | - Celia Fernandez‐Sanz
- Center for Translational Medicine Department of Medicine Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Elisabet Miro‐Casas
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER‐CV) Madrid Spain
| | - Zuzana Nichtova
- Cardiovascular Proteomics Laboratory Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Elena Bonzon‐Kulichenko
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER‐CV) Madrid Spain
- MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Imaging Research and Diagnostics Department of Pathology Anatomy & Cell Biol. Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Kelly Casós
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER‐CV) Madrid Spain
| | - Javier Inserte
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER‐CV) Madrid Spain
| | - Antonio Rodriguez‐Sinovas
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER‐CV) Madrid Spain
| | - Begoña Benito
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER‐CV) Madrid Spain
| | - Shey‐Shing Sheu
- Center for Translational Medicine Department of Medicine Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER‐CV) Madrid Spain
- MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Imaging Research and Diagnostics Department of Pathology Anatomy & Cell Biol. Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Ignacio Ferreira‐González
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari Barcelona Spain
| | - Marisol Ruiz‐Meana
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER‐CV) Madrid Spain
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7
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Chen Q, Thompson J, Hu Y, Lesnefsky EJ. Reversing mitochondrial defects in aged hearts: role of mitochondrial calpain activation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C296-C310. [PMID: 35044856 PMCID: PMC8836732 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00279.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Aging chronically increases endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction. Activation of calpain 1 (CPN1) impairs mitochondrial function during acute ER stress. We proposed that aging-induced ER stress led to mitochondrial dysfunction by activating CPN1. We posit that attenuation of the ER stress or direct inhibition of CPN1 in aged hearts can decrease cardiac injury during ischemia-reperfusion by improving mitochondrial function. Male young (3 mo) and aged mice (24 mo) were used in the present study, and 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) was used to decrease the ER stress in aged mice. Subsarcolemmal (SSM) and interfibrillar mitochondria (IFM) were isolated. Chronic 4-PBA treatment for 2 wk decreased CPN1 activation as shown by the decreased cleavage of spectrin in cytosol and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) and the α1 subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) in mitochondria. Treatment improved oxidative phosphorylation in 24-mo-old SSM and IFM at baseline compared with vehicle. When 4-PBA-treated 24-mo-old hearts were subjected to ischemia-reperfusion, infarct size was decreased. These results support that attenuation of the ER stress decreased cardiac injury in aged hearts by improving mitochondrial function before ischemia. To challenge the role of CPN1 as an effector of the ER stress, aged mice were treated with MDL-28170 (MDL, an inhibitor of calpain 1). MDL treatment improved mitochondrial function in aged SSM and IFM. MDL-treated 24-mo-old hearts sustained less cardiac injury following ischemia-reperfusion. These results support that age-induced ER stress augments cardiac injury during ischemia-reperfusion by impairing mitochondrial function through activation of CPN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jeremy Thompson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Ying Hu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- McGuire Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
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8
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Zhao Q, Liu F, Zhao Q, Zhang J, Luo J, Li X, Yang Y. Constitutive activation of ERK1/2 signaling protects against myocardial ischemia via inhibition of mitochondrial fragmentation in the aging heart. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:479. [PMID: 33850876 PMCID: PMC8039677 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Studies have shown that the ability of the myocardium to tolerate ischemia becomes significantly compromised with age. During ischemia, several endogenous protective signals are activated to protect the heart from injury, among which extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 signaling has been established as playing a pivotal role. However, in aging hearts, the activation of ERK1/2 is compromised. Mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase (MEK) is a major regulator of ERK1/2 signaling. In the present study, we investigated whether transduction of CaMEK, a constitutively activated MEK, using adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) could protect the aging heart against ischemia. Methods Myocardial ischemia models were established in aging mice and senescent cardiomyocytes, and AAV9-mediated delivery of CaMEK was applied. Echocardiography, fluorescent staining, transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry, and immunoblotting were used to explore the effects of CaMEK and their underlying mechanism. Results AAV9-CaMEK activated ERK1/2 signaling and exerted cardioprotective effects against ischemia in aging hearts. Specifically, CaMEK transduction decreased dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp1) expression and phosphorylation at serine 616, resulting in improved mitochondrial morphology and function in aging ischemic hearts. Furthermore, CaMEK transduction exerted similar protective effects in senescent cardiomyocytes under hypoxia. Meanwhile, with the inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling in senescent cardiomyocytes under hypoxia, the opposite effects were observed, including an increase in mitochondrial fragmentation and aggravation of mitochondrial dysfunction and cell apoptosis. Conclusions Our results suggested that AAV9-CaMEK alleviated ischemia-induced myocardium injury in the aging heart, at least in part, through inhibition of mitochondrial fragmentation. Therefore, AAV9-CaMEK is a potential intervention for prevention of ischemia-induced injury of the aging myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Junyi Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yining Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
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9
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Budiono BP, See Hoe LE, Peart JN, Vider J, Ashton KJ, Jacques A, Haseler LJ, Headrick JP. Effects of voluntary exercise duration on myocardial ischaemic tolerance, kinase signaling and gene expression. Life Sci 2021; 274:119253. [PMID: 33647270 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM Exercise is cardioprotective, though optimal interventions are unclear. We assessed duration dependent effects of exercise on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury, kinase signaling and gene expression. METHODS Responses to brief (2 day; 2EX), intermediate (7 and 14 day; 7EX and 14EX) and extended (28 day; 28EX) voluntary wheel running (VWR) were studied in male C57Bl/6 mice. Cardiac function, I-R tolerance and survival kinase signaling were assessed in perfused hearts. KEY FINDINGS Mice progressively increased running distances and intensity, from 2.4 ± 0.2 km/day (0.55 ± 0.04 m/s) at 2-days to 10.6 ± 0.4 km/day (0.72 ± 0.06 m/s) after 28-days. Myocardial mass and contractility were modified at 14-28 days VWR. Cardioprotection was not 'dose-dependent', with I-R tolerance enhanced within 7 days and not further improved with greater VWR duration, volume or intensity. Protection was associated with AKT, ERK1/2 and GSK3β phosphorylation, with phospho-AMPK selectively enhanced with brief VWR. Gene expression was duration-dependent: 7 day VWR up-regulated glycolytic (Pfkm) and down-regulated maladaptive remodeling (Mmp2) genes; 28 day VWR up-regulated caveolar (Cav3), mitochondrial biogenesis (Ppargc1a, Sirt3) and titin (Ttn) genes. Interestingly, I-R tolerance in 2EX/2SED groups improved vs. groups subjected to longer sedentariness, suggesting transient protection on transition to housing with running wheels. SIGNIFICANCE Cardioprotection is induced with as little as 7 days VWR, yet not enhanced with further or faster running. This protection is linked to survival kinase phospho-regulation (particularly AKT and ERK1/2), with glycolytic, mitochondrial, caveolar and myofibrillar gene changes potentially contributing. Intriguingly, environmental enrichment may also protect via similar kinase regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris P Budiono
- Charles Sturt University, School of Community Health, Port Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Louise E See Hoe
- Griffith University, School of Medical Science, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Jason N Peart
- Griffith University, School of Medical Science, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Jelena Vider
- Griffith University, School of Medical Science, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Kevin J Ashton
- Bond University, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Angela Jacques
- Curtin University, School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Luke J Haseler
- Curtin University, School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - John P Headrick
- Griffith University, School of Medical Science, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
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10
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Thompson J, Maceyka M, Chen Q. Targeting ER stress and calpain activation to reverse age-dependent mitochondrial damage in the heart. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 192:111380. [PMID: 33045249 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Severity of cardiovascular disease increases markedly in elderly patients. In addition, many therapeutic strategies that decrease cardiac injury in adult patients are invalid in elderly patients. Thus, it is a challenge to protect the aged heart in the context of underlying chronic or acute cardiac diseases including ischemia-reperfusion injury. The cause(s) of this age-related increased damage remain unknown. Aging impairs the function of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), leading to decreased energy production and increased oxidative stress due to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, ROS-induced oxidative stress can increase cardiac injury during ischemia-reperfusion by potentiating mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening. Aging leads to increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction, including reduced function of the ETC. The activation of both cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium-activated proteases termed calpains leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased ETC function. Intriguingly, mitochondrial ROS generation also induces ER stress, highlighting the dynamic interaction between mitochondria and ER. Here, we discuss the role of ER stress in sensitizing and potentiating mitochondrial dysfunction in response to ischemia-reperfusion, and the promising potential therapeutic benefit of inhibition of ER stress and / or calpains to attenuate cardiac injury in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Thompson
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States
| | - Michael Maceyka
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States
| | - Qun Chen
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States.
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11
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Russell JS, Griffith TA, Naghipour S, Vider J, Du Toit EF, Patel HH, Peart JN, Headrick JP. Dietary α-Linolenic Acid Counters Cardioprotective Dysfunction in Diabetic Mice: Unconventional PUFA Protection. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092679. [PMID: 32887376 PMCID: PMC7551050 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether dietary omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) confers cardiac benefit in cardiometabolic disorders is unclear. We test whether dietary -linolenic acid (ALA) enhances myocardial resistance to ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) and responses to ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in type 2 diabetes (T2D); and involvement of conventional PUFA-dependent mechanisms (caveolins/cavins, kinase signaling, mitochondrial function, and inflammation). Eight-week male C57Bl/6 mice received streptozotocin (75 mg/kg) and 21 weeks high-fat/high-carbohydrate feeding. Half received ALA over six weeks. Responses to I-R/IPC were assessed in perfused hearts. Localization and expression of caveolins/cavins, protein kinase B (AKT), and glycogen synthase kinase-3 β (GSK3β); mitochondrial function; and inflammatory mediators were assessed. ALA reduced circulating leptin, without affecting body weight, glycemic dysfunction, or cholesterol. While I-R tolerance was unaltered, paradoxical injury with IPC was reversed to cardioprotection with ALA. However, post-ischemic apoptosis (nucleosome content) appeared unchanged. Benefit was not associated with shifts in localization or expression of caveolins/cavins, p-AKT, p-GSK3β, or mitochondrial function. Despite mixed inflammatory mediator changes, tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) was markedly reduced. Data collectively reveal a novel impact of ALA on cardioprotective dysfunction in T2D mice, unrelated to caveolins/cavins, mitochondrial, or stress kinase modulation. Although evidence suggests inflammatory involvement, the basis of this "un-conventional" protection remains to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake S. Russell
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport QLD 4217, Australia; (J.S.R.); (T.A.G.); (S.N.); (J.V.); (E.F.D.T.); (J.N.P.)
| | - Tia A. Griffith
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport QLD 4217, Australia; (J.S.R.); (T.A.G.); (S.N.); (J.V.); (E.F.D.T.); (J.N.P.)
| | - Saba Naghipour
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport QLD 4217, Australia; (J.S.R.); (T.A.G.); (S.N.); (J.V.); (E.F.D.T.); (J.N.P.)
| | - Jelena Vider
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport QLD 4217, Australia; (J.S.R.); (T.A.G.); (S.N.); (J.V.); (E.F.D.T.); (J.N.P.)
| | - Eugene F. Du Toit
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport QLD 4217, Australia; (J.S.R.); (T.A.G.); (S.N.); (J.V.); (E.F.D.T.); (J.N.P.)
| | - Hemal H. Patel
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Jason N. Peart
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport QLD 4217, Australia; (J.S.R.); (T.A.G.); (S.N.); (J.V.); (E.F.D.T.); (J.N.P.)
| | - John P. Headrick
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport QLD 4217, Australia; (J.S.R.); (T.A.G.); (S.N.); (J.V.); (E.F.D.T.); (J.N.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-5552-8292
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12
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Melick CH, Jewell JL. Regulation of mTORC1 by Upstream Stimuli. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11090989. [PMID: 32854217 PMCID: PMC7565831 DOI: 10.3390/genes11090989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionary conserved Ser/Thr protein kinase that senses multiple upstream stimuli to control cell growth, metabolism, and autophagy. mTOR is the catalytic subunit of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1). A significant amount of research has uncovered the signaling pathways regulated by mTORC1, and the involvement of these signaling cascades in human diseases like cancer, diabetes, and ageing. Here, we review advances in mTORC1 regulation by upstream stimuli. We specifically focus on how growth factors, amino acids, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), phosphorylation, and small GTPases regulate mTORC1 activity and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase H. Melick
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jenna L. Jewell
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Correspondence:
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13
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Chen Q, Samidurai A, Thompson J, Hu Y, Das A, Willard B, Lesnefsky EJ. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in aged hearts. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165899. [PMID: 32698045 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging impairs the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), especially in interfibrillar mitochondria (IFM). Mitochondria are in close contact with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Induction of ER stress leads to ETC injury in adult heart mitochondria. We asked if ER stress contributes to the mitochondrial dysfunction during aging. Subsarcolemmal mitochondria (SSM) and IFM were isolated from 3, 18, and 24 mo. C57Bl/6 mouse hearts. ER stress progressively increased with age, especially in 24 mo. mice that manifest mitochondrial dysfunction. OXPHOS was decreased in 24 mo. IFM oxidizing complex I and complex IV substrates. Proteomic analysis showed that the content of multiple complex I subunits was decreased in IFM from 24 mo. hearts, but remained unchanged in in 18 mo. IFM without a decrease in OXPHOS. Feeding 24 mo. old mice with 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) for two weeks attenuated the ER stress and improved mitochondrial function. These results indicate that ER stress contributes to the mitochondrial dysfunction in aged hearts. Attenuation of ER stress is a potential approach to improve mitochondrial function in aged hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America
| | - Arun Samidurai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Thompson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America
| | - Anindita Das
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America
| | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics Core, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States of America; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America; McGuire Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249, United States of America.
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14
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Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome may contribute to infarct development during acute cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (IR). Because infarct size strongly correlates with the degree of heart failure in the long term, therapies that reduce reperfusion injury are still needed as first primary care against heart failure development. Inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome is currently viewed as such a potential therapy. However, previous research studies directed at inhibition of various inflammatory pathways in acute cardiac IR injury were often disappointing. This is because inflammation is a double-edged sword, detrimental when hyperactive, but beneficial at lower activity, with activity critically dependent on time of reperfusion and cellular location. Moreover, several inflammatory mediators can also mediate cardioprotective signaling. It is reasonable that this also applies to the NLRP3 inflammasome, although current literature has mainly focused on its detrimental effects in the context of acute cardiac IR. Therefore, in this review, we focus on beneficial, cardioprotective properties of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its components NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1. The results show that (1) NLRP3 deficiency prevents cardioprotection in isolated heart by ischemic preconditioning and in vivo heart by TLR2 activation, associated with impaired STAT3 or Akt signaling, respectively; (2) ASC deficiency also prevents in vivo TLR2-mediated protection; and (3) caspase-1 inhibition results in decreased infarction but impaired protection through the Akt pathway during mild ischemic insults. In conclusion, the NLRP3 inflammasome is not only detrimental, it can also be involved in cardioprotective signaling, thus fueling the future challenge to acquire a full understanding of NLRP3 inflammasome role in cardiac IR before embarking on clinical trials using NLRP3 inhibitors.
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15
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Ruiz-Meana M, Bou-Teen D, Ferdinandy P, Gyongyosi M, Pesce M, Perrino C, Schulz R, Sluijter JPG, Tocchetti CG, Thum T, Madonna R. Cardiomyocyte ageing and cardioprotection: consensus document from the ESC working groups cell biology of the heart and myocardial function. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:1835-1849. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Advanced age is a major predisposing risk factor for the incidence of coronary syndromes and comorbid conditions which impact the heart response to cardioprotective interventions. Advanced age also significantly increases the risk of developing post-ischaemic adverse remodelling and heart failure after ischaemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. Some of the signalling pathways become defective or attenuated during ageing, whereas others with well-known detrimental consequences, such as glycoxidation or proinflammatory pathways, are exacerbated. The causative mechanisms responsible for all these changes are yet to be elucidated and are a matter of active research. Here, we review the current knowledge about the pathophysiology of cardiac ageing that eventually impacts on the increased susceptibility of cells to IR injury and can affect the efficiency of cardioprotective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-CV, CIBER-CV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Bou-Teen
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-CV, CIBER-CV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mariann Gyongyosi
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Circulatory Health Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo G Tocchetti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Interdepartmental Center of Clinical and Translational Sciences (CIRCET), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Institute of Cardiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School in Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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16
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Ruiz-Meana M, Boengler K, Garcia-Dorado D, Hausenloy DJ, Kaambre T, Kararigas G, Perrino C, Schulz R, Ytrehus K. Ageing, sex, and cardioprotection. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:5270-5286. [PMID: 31863453 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Translation of cardioprotective interventions aimed at reducing myocardial injury during ischaemia-reperfusion from experimental studies to clinical practice is an important yet unmet need in cardiovascular medicine. One particular challenge facing translation is the existence of demographic and clinical factors that influence the pathophysiology of ischaemia-reperfusion injury of the heart and the effects of treatments aimed at preventing it. Among these factors, age and sex are prominent and have a recognised role in the susceptibility and outcome of ischaemic heart disease. Remarkably, some of the most powerful cardioprotective strategies proven to be effective in young animals become ineffective during ageing. This article reviews the mechanisms and implications of the modulatory effects of ageing and sex on myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury and their potential effects on cardioprotective interventions. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.23/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-CV (CIBER-CV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kerstin Boengler
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - David Garcia-Dorado
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-CV (CIBER-CV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore.,The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK.,The National Institute of Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, Research & Development, London, UK.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnologia-FEMSA, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Tuuli Kaambre
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Georgios Kararigas
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlinand Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Kirsti Ytrehus
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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17
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Ruiz-Meana M, Minguet M, Bou-Teen D, Miro-Casas E, Castans C, Castellano J, Bonzon-Kulichenko E, Igual A, Rodriguez-Lecoq R, Vázquez J, Garcia-Dorado D. Ryanodine Receptor Glycation Favors Mitochondrial Damage in the Senescent Heart. Circulation 2019; 139:949-964. [PMID: 30586718 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.035869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Senescent cardiomyocytes exhibit a mismatch between energy demand and supply that facilitates their transition toward failing cells. Altered calcium transfer from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) to mitochondria has been causally linked to the pathophysiology of aging and heart failure. METHODS Because advanced glycation-end products accumulate throughout life, we investigated whether intracellular glycation occurs in aged cardiomyocytes and its impact on SR and mitochondria. RESULTS Quantitative proteomics, Western blot and immunofluorescence demonstrated a significant increase in advanced glycation-end product-modified proteins in the myocardium of old mice (≥20months) compared with young ones (4-6months). Glyoxalase-1 activity (responsible for detoxification of dicarbonyl intermediates) and its cofactor glutathione were decreased in aged hearts. Immunolabeling and proximity ligation assay identified the ryanodine receptor (RyR2) in the SR as prominent target of glycation in aged mice, and the sites of glycation were characterized by quantitative mass spectrometry. RyR2 glycation was associated with more pronounced calcium leak, determined by confocal microscopy in cardiomyocytes and SR vesicles. Interfibrillar mitochondria-directly exposed to SR calcium release-from aged mice had increased calcium content compared with those from young ones. Higher levels of advanced glycation-end products and reduced glyoxalase-1 activity and glutathione were also present in atrial appendages from surgical patients ≥75 years as compared with the younger ones. Elderly patients also exhibited RyR2 hyperglycation and increased mitochondrial calcium content that was associated with reduced myocardial aerobic capacity (mitochondrial O2 consumption/g) attributable to less respiring mitochondria. In contracting HL-1 cardiomyocytes, pharmacological glyoxalase-1 inhibition recapitulated RyR2 glycation and defective SR-mitochondria calcium exchange of aging. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondria from aging hearts develop calcium overload secondary to SR calcium leak. Glycative damage of RyR2, favored by deficient dicarbonyl detoxification capacity, contributes to calcium leak and mitochondrial damage in the senescent myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron-Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain (M.R-M., M.M., D.B-T., E.M-C., J.C., A.I., R.R-L., D.G-D.).,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (M.R-M., E.M-C., J.V., D.G-D.)
| | - Marta Minguet
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron-Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain (M.R-M., M.M., D.B-T., E.M-C., J.C., A.I., R.R-L., D.G-D.)
| | - Diana Bou-Teen
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron-Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain (M.R-M., M.M., D.B-T., E.M-C., J.C., A.I., R.R-L., D.G-D.)
| | - Elisabet Miro-Casas
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron-Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain (M.R-M., M.M., D.B-T., E.M-C., J.C., A.I., R.R-L., D.G-D.).,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (M.R-M., E.M-C., J.V., D.G-D.)
| | - Celia Castans
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (C.C., E.B-K., J.V.)
| | - Jose Castellano
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron-Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain (M.R-M., M.M., D.B-T., E.M-C., J.C., A.I., R.R-L., D.G-D.)
| | | | - Alberto Igual
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron-Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain (M.R-M., M.M., D.B-T., E.M-C., J.C., A.I., R.R-L., D.G-D.)
| | - Rafael Rodriguez-Lecoq
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron-Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain (M.R-M., M.M., D.B-T., E.M-C., J.C., A.I., R.R-L., D.G-D.)
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (M.R-M., E.M-C., J.V., D.G-D.).,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (C.C., E.B-K., J.V.)
| | - David Garcia-Dorado
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron-Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain (M.R-M., M.M., D.B-T., E.M-C., J.C., A.I., R.R-L., D.G-D.).,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (M.R-M., E.M-C., J.V., D.G-D.)
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18
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Russell JS, Griffith TA, Helman T, Du Toit EF, Peart JN, Headrick JP. Chronic type 2 but not type 1 diabetes impairs myocardial ischaemic tolerance and preconditioning in C57Bl/6 mice. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:1868-1880. [PMID: 31535419 DOI: 10.1113/ep088024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS • What is the central question of this study? What is the impact of chronic adult-onset diabetes on cardiac ischaemic outcomes and preconditioning? • What is the main finding and its importance? Chronic adult-onset type 2 but not type 1 diabetes significantly impairs myocardial ischaemic tolerance and ischaemic preconditioning. Preconditioning may be detrimental in type 2 diabetes, exaggerating nitrosative stress and apoptotic protein expression. ABSTRACT Effects of diabetes on myocardial responses to ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R) and cardioprotective stimuli remain contentious, potentially reflecting influences of disease duration and time of onset. Chronic adult-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) were modelled non-genetically in male C57Bl/6 mice via 5 × 50 mg kg-1 daily streptozotocin (STZ) injections + 12 weeks' standard chow or 1 × 75 mg kg-1 STZ injection + 12 weeks' obesogenic diet (32% calories as fat, 57% carbohydrate, 11% protein), respectively. Systemic outcomes were assessed and myocardial responses to I-R ± ischaemic preconditioning (IPC; 3 × 5 min I-R) determined in Langendorff perfused hearts. Uncontrolled T1D was characterised by pronounced hyperglycaemia (25 mm fasting glucose), glucose intolerance and ∼10% body weight loss, whereas T2D mice exhibited moderate hyperglycaemia (15 mm), hyperinsulinaemia, glucose intolerance and 17% weight gain. Circulating ghrelin, resistin and noradrenaline were unchanged with T1D, while leptin increased and noradrenaline declined in T2D mice. Ischaemic tolerance and IPC were preserved in T1D hearts. In contrast, T2D worsened post-ischaemic function (∼40% greater diastolic and contractile dysfunction) and cell death (100% higher troponin efflux), and abolished IPC protection. Whereas IPC reduced post-ischaemic nitrotyrosine and pro-apoptotic Bak and Bax levels in non-diabetic hearts, these effects were reduced in T1D and IPC augmented Bax and nitrosylation in T2D hearts. The data demonstrate chronic T1D does not inhibit myocardial I-R tolerance or IPC, whereas metabolic and endocrine disruption in T2D is associated with ischaemic intolerance and inhibition of IPC. Indeed, normally protective IPC may exaggerate damage mechanisms in T2D hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake S Russell
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, Queensland, 4217, Australia
| | - Tia A Griffith
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, Queensland, 4217, Australia
| | - Tessa Helman
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, Queensland, 4217, Australia
| | - Eugene F Du Toit
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, Queensland, 4217, Australia
| | - Jason N Peart
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, Queensland, 4217, Australia
| | - John P Headrick
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, Queensland, 4217, Australia
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19
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See Hoe LE, Bartnikowski N, Wells MA, Suen JY, Fraser JF. Hurdles to Cardioprotection in the Critically Ill. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3823. [PMID: 31387264 PMCID: PMC6695809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the largest contributor to worldwide mortality, and the deleterious impact of heart failure (HF) is projected to grow exponentially in the future. As heart transplantation (HTx) is the only effective treatment for end-stage HF, development of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) technology has unveiled additional therapeutic options for refractory cardiac disease. Unfortunately, despite both MCS and HTx being quintessential treatments for significant cardiac impairment, associated morbidity and mortality remain high. MCS technology continues to evolve, but is associated with numerous disturbances to cardiac function (e.g., oxidative damage, arrhythmias). Following MCS intervention, HTx is frequently the destination option for survival of critically ill cardiac patients. While effective, donor hearts are scarce, thus limiting HTx to few qualifying patients, and HTx remains correlated with substantial post-HTx complications. While MCS and HTx are vital to survival of critically ill cardiac patients, cardioprotective strategies to improve outcomes from these treatments are highly desirable. Accordingly, this review summarizes the current status of MCS and HTx in the clinic, and the associated cardiac complications inherent to these treatments. Furthermore, we detail current research being undertaken to improve cardiac outcomes following MCS/HTx, and important considerations for reducing the significant morbidity and mortality associated with these necessary treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise E See Hoe
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside 4032, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Chermside 4032, Australia.
| | - Nicole Bartnikowski
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside 4032, Australia
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Chermside 4032, Australia
| | - Matthew A Wells
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside 4032, Australia
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport 4222, Australia
| | - Jacky Y Suen
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside 4032, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Chermside 4032, Australia
| | - John F Fraser
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside 4032, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Chermside 4032, Australia
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20
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Kong CHT, Bryant SM, Watson JJ, Gadeberg HC, Roth DM, Patel HH, Cannell MB, Orchard CH, James AF. The Effects of Aging on the Regulation of T-Tubular ICa by Caveolin in Mouse Ventricular Myocytes. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 73:711-719. [PMID: 29236992 PMCID: PMC5946816 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with diminished cardiac function in males. Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling in ventricular myocytes involves Ca influx via the Ca current (ICa) and Ca release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which occur predominantly at t-tubules. Caveolin-3 regulates t-tubular ICa, partly through protein kinase A (PKA), and both ICa and caveolin-3 decrease with age. We therefore investigated ICa and t-tubule structure and function in cardiomyocytes from male wild-type (WT) and caveolin-3-overexpressing (Cav-3OE) mice at 3 and 24 months of age. In WT cardiomyocytes, t-tubular ICa-density was reduced by ~50% with age while surface ICa density was unchanged. Although regulation by PKA was unaffected by age, inhibition of caveolin-3-binding reduced t-tubular ICa at 3 months, but not at 24 months. While Cav-3OE increased cardiac caveolin-3 protein expression ~2.5-fold at both ages, the age-dependent reduction in caveolin-3 (WT ~35%) was preserved in transgenic mice. Overexpression of caveolin-3 reduced t-tubular ICa density at 3 months but prevented further ICa loss with age. Measurement of Ca release at the t-tubules revealed that the triggering of local Ca release by t-tubular ICa was unaffected by age. In conclusion, the data suggest that the reduction in ICa density with age is associated with the loss of a caveolin-3-dependent mechanism that augments t-tubular ICa density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherrie H T Kong
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Simon M Bryant
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Judy J Watson
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Hanne C Gadeberg
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, UK
| | - David M Roth
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego
| | - Hemal H Patel
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego
| | - Mark B Cannell
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Clive H Orchard
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew F James
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, UK
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See Hoe LE, Foster SR, Wendt L, Patel HH, Headrick JP, Peart JN. Regulation of the β-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling Pathway in Sustained Ligand-Activated Preconditioning. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 369:37-46. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.251660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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22
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Ageing alters the severity of Sunitinib-induced cardiotoxicity: Investigating the mitogen activated kinase kinase 7 pathway association. Toxicology 2018; 411:49-59. [PMID: 30393206 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anti-cancer drug Sunitinib is linked to adverse cardiovascular events, which have shown to involve mitogen activated kinase kinase 7 (MKK7) pathway. Sunitinib-induced cardiotoxicity in 3, 12 and 24 months old male Sprague-Dawley rats and MKK7 expression and activation was investigated using the Langendorff perfused heart model followed by Western blot analysis. Cardiac function and infarct size were measured during/after 125 min of Sunitinib treatment. Left ventricular cardiac samples were analysed by qRT-PCR for expression of MKK7 mRNA and cardiac injury associated microRNAs. Infarct size was increased in all Sunitinib treated age groups. Haemodynamic alterations were observed following Sunitinib administration. Left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) was decreased in all age groups, while heart rate (HR) was decreased in 3 and 12 months groups. Sunitinib treatment decreased the expression of miR-27a in all age groups, while miR-133a and miR-133b levels were increased in 3 months and decreased in 24 months groups. MKK7 mRNA and p-MKK7 levels were decreased in the 3 months group after Sunitinib treatment. MKK7 mRNA level was increased in 24 months group and p-MKK7 levels were increased in 12 months group following Sunitinib treatment. This study highlights the importance and impact of ageing and anti-cancer therapy-induced cardiotoxicity.
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23
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Randhawa PK, Bali A, Virdi JK, Jaggi AS. Conditioning-induced cardioprotection: Aging as a confounding factor. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 22:467-479. [PMID: 30181694 PMCID: PMC6115349 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.5.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The aging process induces a plethora of changes in the body including alterations in hormonal regulation and metabolism in various organs including the heart. Aging is associated with marked increase in the vulnerability of the heart to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Furthermore, it significantly hampers the development of adaptive response to various forms of conditioning stimuli (pre/post/remote conditioning). Aging significantly impairs the activation of signaling pathways that mediate preconditioning-induced cardioprotection. It possibly impairs the uptake and release of adenosine, decreases the number of adenosine transporter sites and down-regulates the transcription of adenosine receptors in the myocardium to attenuate adenosine-mediated cardioprotection. Furthermore, aging decreases the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and subsequent transcription of catalase enzyme which subsequently increases the oxidative stress and decreases the responsiveness to preconditioning stimuli in the senescent diabetic hearts. In addition, in the aged rat hearts, the conditioning stimulus fails to phosphorylate Akt kinase that is required for mediating cardioprotective signaling in the heart. Moreover, aging increases the concentration of Na+ and K+, connexin expression and caveolin abundance in the myocardium and increases the susceptibility to ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition, aging also reduces the responsiveness to conditioning stimuli possibly due to reduced kinase signaling and reduced STAT-3 phosphorylation. However, aging is associated with an increase in MKP-1 phosphorylation, which dephosphorylates (deactivates) mitogen activated protein kinase that is involved in cardioprotective signaling. The present review describes aging as one of the major confounding factors in attenuating remote ischemic preconditioning-induced cardioprotection along with the possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Kaur Randhawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India
| | - Anjana Bali
- Akal College of Pharmacy and Technical Education, Mastuana Sahib, Sangrur 148002, India
| | - Jasleen Kaur Virdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India
| | - Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India
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24
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Shvedova M, Anfinogenova Y, Popov SV, Atochin DN. Connexins and Nitric Oxide Inside and Outside Mitochondria: Significance for Cardiac Protection and Adaptation. Front Physiol 2018; 9:479. [PMID: 29867537 PMCID: PMC5964197 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Irreversible myocardial damage happens in the presence of prolonged and severe ischemia. Several phenomena protect the heart against myocardial infarction and other adverse outcomes of ischemia and reperfusion (IR), namely: hibernation related to stunned myocardium, ischemic preconditioning (IPC), ischemic post-conditioning, and their pharmacological surrogates. Ischemic preconditioning consists in the induction of a brief IR to reduce damage of the tissue caused by prolonged and severe ischemia. Nitric oxide (NO) signaling plays an essential role in IPC. Nitric oxide-sensitive guanylate cyclase/cyclic guanosine-3′,5′-monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase type I-signaling pathway protects against the IR injury during myocardial infarction. Mitochondrial ATP-sensitive and Ca2+-activated K+ channels are involved in NO-mediated signaling in IPC. Independently of the cGMP-mediated induction of NO production, S-nitrosation represents a regulatory molecular mechanism similar to phosphorylation and is essential for IPC. Unlike conditioning phenomena, the mechanistic basis of myocardial stunning and hibernation remains poorly understood. In this review article, we hypothesize that the disruption of electrical syncytium of the myocardium may underly myocardial stunning and hibernation. Considering that the connexins are the building blocks of gap junctions which represent primary structural basis of electrical syncytium, we discuss data on the involvement of connexins into myocardial conditioning, stunning, and hibernation. We also show how NO-mediated signaling is involved in myocardial stunning and hibernation. Connexins represent an essential element of adaptation phenomena of the heart at the level of both the cardio- myocytes and the mitochondria. Nitric oxide targets mitochondrial connexins which may affect electrical syncytium continuum in the heart. Mitochondrial connexins may play an essential role in NO-dependent mechanisms of myocardial adaptation to ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Shvedova
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Yana Anfinogenova
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.,RASA Center, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Sergey V Popov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Dmitriy N Atochin
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States.,RASA Center, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
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25
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Hypoxia-derived exosomes induce putative altered pathways in biosynthesis and ion regulatory channels in glioblastoma cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2018; 14:104-113. [PMID: 29872742 PMCID: PMC5986551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, a hallmark characteristic of glioblastoma (GBM) induces changes in the transcriptome and the proteome of tumor cells. We discovered that hypoxic stress produces significant qualitative and quantitative changes in the protein content of secreted exosomes from GBM cells. Among the proteins found to be selectively elevated in hypoxic exosomes were protein-lysine 6-oxidase (LOX), thrombospondin-1 (TSP1), vascular derived endothelial factor (VEGF) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 1 (ADAMTS1), well studied contributors to tumor progression, metastasis and angiogenesis. Our findings demonstrate that hypoxic exosomes induce differential gene expression in recipient glioma cells. Glioma cells stimulated with hypoxic exosomes showed a marked upregulation of small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 116–21 (SNORD116-21) transcript among others while significantly downregulated the potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J member 3 (KCNJ3) message. This differential expression of certain genes is governed by the protein cargo being transferred via exosomes. Additionally, compared to normoxic exosomes, hypoxic exosomes increased various angiogenic related parameters vis-à-vis, overall tube length, branching intervals and length of isolated branches studied in tube formation assay with endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Thus, the intercellular communication facilitated via exosomes secreted from hypoxic GBM cells induce marked changes in the expression of genes in neighboring normoxic tumor cells and possibly in surrounding stromal cells, many of which are involved in cancer progression and treatment resistance mechanisms. In GBM, hypoxic stress induces profound changes in the protein content of secreted exosomes. Hypoxic exosomal contents induce angiogenesis and significant changes in recipient GBM cell transcriptome. Hypoxic exosomes play a major role leading to tumor proliferation, tumor growth and cell survival.
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26
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Lasley RD. Adenosine Receptor-Mediated Cardioprotection-Current Limitations and Future Directions. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:310. [PMID: 29670529 PMCID: PMC5893789 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the seminal reports of adenosine receptor-mediated cardioprotection in the early 1990s, there have been a multitude of such reports in various species and preparations. Original observations of the beneficial effects of A1 receptor agonists have been followed up with numerous reports also implicating A2A, A3, and most recently A2B, receptor agonists as cardioprotective agents. Although adenosine has been approved for clinical use in the United States for the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia and coronary artery imaging, and the selective A2A agonist, regadenoson, for the latter, clinical use of adenosine receptor agonists for protecting the ischemic heart has not advanced beyond early trials. An examination of the literature indicates that existing experimental studies have several limitations in terms of clinical relevance, as well as lacking incorporation of recent new insights into adenosine receptor signaling. Such deficiencies include the lack of experimental studies in models that most closely mimic human cardiovascular disease. In addition, there have been very few studies in chronic models of myocardial ischemia, where limiting myocardial remodeling and heart failure, not reduction of infarct size, are the primary endpoints. Despite an increasing number of reports of the beneficial effects of adenosine receptor antagonists, not agonists, in chronic diseases, this idea has not been well-studied in experimental myocardial ischemia. There have also been few studies examining adenosine receptor subtype interactions as well as receptor heterodimerization. The purpose of this Perspective article is to discuss these deficiencies to highlight future directions of research in the field of adenosine receptor-mediated protection of ischemic myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Lasley
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
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27
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Remifentanil preconditioning confers cardioprotection via c-Jun NH 2-terminal kinases and extracellular signal regulated kinases pathways in ex-vivo failing rat heart. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 828:1-8. [PMID: 29559303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Remifentanil preconditioning (RPC) exerts protection in normal hearts, but has not been investigated in heart failure. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of RPC in a chronic failing rat heart model and the mechanisms involving mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and Bcl-2 protein family. The doxorubicin induced failing rat hearts were subjected to 30 min ischemia / 120 min reperfusion (IR) with or without RPC by using Langendorff apparatus. RPC was induced by three cycles of 5 min remifentanil / 5 min drug-free perfusion before IR, with three different concentrations: 25, 50 and 100 μg/l. An extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERK) inhibitor PD98059, p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK) inhibitor SP600125 were perfused at 10 min before RPC. Infarct size, cardiac function and protein kinase activity were determined. RPC significantly reduced infarct size and the rise in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level caused by IR injury in failing heart. The JNK inhibitor SP600125 and ERK inhibitor PD98059 abolished the RPC mediated reduction effect on the infarct size and LDH activity after reperfusion. In addition, RPC increased the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK1/2 and the downstream GSK-3β, as well as the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, while, these changes were completely reversed by SP600125 and PD98059. And of note, SB203580 had no effect. In conclusion, our results suggested that the activation of JNK and ERK pathways, by leading to inhibition of GSK-3β and regulating Bcl-2 protein family, is a major mechanism that RPC confers cardioprotection in failing rat heart.
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28
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Schilling JM, Head BP, Patel HH. Caveolins as Regulators of Stress Adaptation. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 93:277-285. [PMID: 29358220 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.111237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolins have been recognized over the past few decades as key regulators of cell physiology. They are ubiquitously expressed and regulate a number of processes that ultimately impact efficiency of cellular processes. Though not critical to life, they are central to stress adaptation in a number of organs. The following review will focus specifically on the role of caveolin in stress adaptation in the heart, brain, and eye, three organs that are susceptible to acute and chronic stress and that show as well declining function with age. In addition, we consider some novel molecular mechanisms that may account for this stress adaptation and also offer potential to drive the future of caveolin research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Schilling
- Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Anesthesiology, UCSD School of Medicine, San Diego, California
| | - Brian P Head
- Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Anesthesiology, UCSD School of Medicine, San Diego, California
| | - Hemal H Patel
- Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Anesthesiology, UCSD School of Medicine, San Diego, California
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29
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Abstract
The opioid receptor family, with associated endogenous ligands, has numerous roles throughout the body. Moreover, the delta opioid receptor (DORs) has various integrated roles within the physiological systems, including the cardiovascular system. While DORs are important modulators of cardiovascular autonomic balance, they are well-established contributors to cardioprotective mechanisms. Both endogenous and exogenous opioids acting upon DORs have roles in myocardial hibernation and protection against ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury. Downstream signalling mechanisms governing protective responses alternate, depending on the timing and duration of DOR activation. The following review describes models and mechanisms of DOR-mediated cardioprotection, the impact of co-morbidities and challenges for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise See Hoe
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and The University of Queensland, Chermside, QLD, Australia
| | - Hemal H Patel
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jason N Peart
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia.
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30
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Yu Y, Dong H, Yao S, Ji M, Yao X, Zhang Z. Protective Effects of Ambient Ozone on Incidence and Outcomes of Ischemic Stroke in Changzhou, China: A Time-Series Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14121610. [PMID: 29261153 PMCID: PMC5751026 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14121610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The potential beneficial effect of ozone (O3) on stroke had been identified experimentally and clinically, but these effects remain controversial in population-based studies. This study aimed to explore the epidemiological association between O3 and risk of ischemic stroke. Ischemic stroke related health data and air pollution data were obtained from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Environmental Monitoring Center in Changzhou between 2015 and 2016, respectively. The associations between the short-term exposure to O3 and daily ischemic stroke onsets and deaths were examined based on time-series generalized additive Poisson model. During the study period, daily ischemic stroke onsets and deaths decreased 0.340% (95% confidence interval (CI) −0.559% to −0.120%) and 0.697% (95% CI −1.103% to −0.290%) with an interquartile range (IQR) (41.1 µg/m3) increase in levels of ambient O3, respectively. The protective effects of O3 were more significant in men and elders and in the cool season than those in women and young people and in the warm season, respectively. The negative association was independent of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2 or CO exposure. Acute O3 exposure was associated with decreased risk of ischemic stroke. These findings will help provide new insights into the relationship between ischemic stroke and ambient O3 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongquan Yu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Huibin Dong
- Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 203 Taishan Road, Changzhou 213022, China.
| | - Shen Yao
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Minghui Ji
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Xingjuan Yao
- Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 203 Taishan Road, Changzhou 213022, China.
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Department of Hygiene Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China.
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31
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Russell J, Du Toit EF, Peart JN, Patel HH, Headrick JP. Myocyte membrane and microdomain modifications in diabetes: determinants of ischemic tolerance and cardioprotection. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:155. [PMID: 29202762 PMCID: PMC5716308 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-017-0638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease, predominantly ischemic heart disease (IHD), is the leading cause of death in diabetes mellitus (DM). In addition to eliciting cardiomyopathy, DM induces a ‘wicked triumvirate’: (i) increasing the risk and incidence of IHD and myocardial ischemia; (ii) decreasing myocardial tolerance to ischemia–reperfusion (I–R) injury; and (iii) inhibiting or eliminating responses to cardioprotective stimuli. Changes in ischemic tolerance and cardioprotective signaling may contribute to substantially higher mortality and morbidity following ischemic insult in DM patients. Among the diverse mechanisms implicated in diabetic impairment of ischemic tolerance and cardioprotection, changes in sarcolemmal makeup may play an overarching role and are considered in detail in the current review. Observations predominantly in animal models reveal DM-dependent changes in membrane lipid composition (cholesterol and triglyceride accumulation, fatty acid saturation vs. reduced desaturation, phospholipid remodeling) that contribute to modulation of caveolar domains, gap junctions and T-tubules. These modifications influence sarcolemmal biophysical properties, receptor and phospholipid signaling, ion channel and transporter functions, contributing to contractile and electrophysiological dysfunction, cardiomyopathy, ischemic intolerance and suppression of protective signaling. A better understanding of these sarcolemmal abnormalities in types I and II DM (T1DM, T2DM) can inform approaches to limiting cardiomyopathy, associated IHD and their consequences. Key knowledge gaps include details of sarcolemmal changes in models of T2DM, temporal patterns of lipid, microdomain and T-tubule changes during disease development, and the precise impacts of these diverse sarcolemmal modifications. Importantly, exercise, dietary, pharmacological and gene approaches have potential for improving sarcolemmal makeup, and thus myocyte function and stress-resistance in this ubiquitous metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Russell
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Eugene F Du Toit
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Jason N Peart
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Hemal H Patel
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - John P Headrick
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia. .,School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4217, Australia.
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32
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Yang W, Paschen W. Is age a key factor contributing to the disparity between success of neuroprotective strategies in young animals and limited success in elderly stroke patients? Focus on protein homeostasis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:3318-3324. [PMID: 28752781 PMCID: PMC5624400 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17723783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuroprotection strategies to improve stroke outcome have been successful in the laboratory but not in clinical stroke trials, and thus have come under scrutiny by the medical community. Experimental stroke investigators are therefore under increased pressure to resolve this problem. Acute ischemic stroke represents a severe form of metabolic stress that activates many pathological processes and thereby impairs cellular functions. Traditionally, neuroprotection strategies were designed to improve stroke outcome by interfering with pathological processes triggered by ischemia. However, stroke outcome is also dependent on the brain's capacity to restore cellular functions impaired by ischemia, and this capacity declines with age. It is, therefore, conceivable that this age-dependent decline in the brain's self-healing capacity contributes to the disparity between the success of neuroprotective strategies in young animals, and limited success in elderly stroke patients. Here, prosurvival pathways that restore protein homeostasis impaired by ischemic stress should be considered, because their capacity decreases with increasing age, and maintenance of proteome fidelity is pivotal for cell survival. Boosting such prosurvival pathways pharmacologically to restore protein homeostasis and, thereby, cellular functions impaired by ischemic stress is expected to counterbalance the compromised self-healing capacity of aged brains and thereby help to improve stroke outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- 1 Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wulf Paschen
- 1 Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,2 Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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33
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Headrick JP, Peart JN, Budiono BP, Shum DH, Neumann DL, Stapelberg NJ. The heartbreak of depression: ‘Psycho-cardiac’ coupling in myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 106:14-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Franco R, Martínez-Pinilla E, Navarro G, Zamarbide M. Potential of GPCRs to modulate MAPK and mTOR pathways in Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 149-150:21-38. [PMID: 28189739 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite efforts to understand the mechanism of neuronal cell death, finding effective therapies for neurodegenerative diseases is still a challenge. Cognitive deficits are often associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Remarkably, in the absence of consensus biomarkers, diagnosis of diseases such as Alzheimer's still relies on cognitive tests. Unfortunately, all efforts to translate findings in animal models to the patients have been unsuccessful. Alzheimer's disease may be addressed from two different points of view, neuroprotection or cognitive enhancement. Based on recent data, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway arises as a versatile player whose modulation may impact on mechanisms of both neuroprotection and cognition. Whereas direct targeting of mTOR does not seem to constitute a convenient approach in drug discovery, its indirect modulation by other signaling pathways seems promising. In fact, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) remain the most common 'druggable' targets and as such pharmacological manipulation of GPCRs with selective ligands may modulate phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K), mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and mTOR signaling pathways. Thus, GPCRs become important targets for potential drug treatments in different neurodegenerative disorders including, but not limited to, Alzheimer's disease. GPCR-mediated modulation of mTOR may take advantage of different GPCRs coupled to different G-dependent and G-independent signal transduction routes, of functional selectivity and/or of biased agonism. Signals mediated by GPCRs may act as coincidence detectors to achieve different benefits in different stages of the neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Franco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine and IBUB (Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de investigación en Red: Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Martínez-Pinilla
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine and IBUB (Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de investigación en Red: Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
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Yang HQ, Subbotina E, Ramasamy R, Coetzee WA. Cardiovascular K ATP channels and advanced aging. PATHOBIOLOGY OF AGING & AGE RELATED DISEASES 2016; 6:32517. [PMID: 27733235 PMCID: PMC5061878 DOI: 10.3402/pba.v6.32517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
With advanced aging, there is a decline in innate cardiovascular function. This decline is not general in nature. Instead, specific changes occur that impact the basic cardiovascular function, which include alterations in biochemical pathways and ion channel function. This review focuses on a particular ion channel that couple the latter two processes, namely the KATP channel, which opening is promoted by alterations in intracellular energy metabolism. We show that the intrinsic properties of the KATP channel changes with advanced aging and argue that the channel can be further modulated by biochemical changes. The importance is widespread, given the ubiquitous nature of the KATP channel in the cardiovascular system where it can regulate processes as diverse as cardiac function, blood flow and protection mechanisms against superimposed stress, such as cardiac ischemia. We highlight questions that remain to be answered before the KATP channel can be considered as a viable target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Qian Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ravichandran Ramasamy
- Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - William A Coetzee
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Physiology & Neuroscience, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA;
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36
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Lawler JM, Rodriguez DA, Hord JM. Mitochondria in the middle: exercise preconditioning protection of striated muscle. J Physiol 2016; 594:5161-83. [PMID: 27060608 PMCID: PMC5023703 DOI: 10.1113/jp270656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular and physiological adaptations to an atmosphere which became enriched in molecular oxygen spurred the development of a layered system of stress protection, including antioxidant and stress response proteins. At physiological levels reactive oxygen and nitrogen species regulate cell signalling as well as intracellular and intercellular communication. Exercise and physical activity confer a variety of stressors on skeletal muscle and the cardiovascular system: mechanical, metabolic, oxidative. Transient increases of stressors during acute bouts of exercise or exercise training stimulate enhancement of cellular stress protection against future insults of oxidative, metabolic and mechanical stressors that could induce injury or disease. This phenomenon has been termed both hormesis and exercise preconditioning (EPC). EPC stimulates transcription factors such as Nrf-1 and heat shock factor-1 and up-regulates gene expression of a cadre of cytosolic (e.g. glutathione peroxidase and heat shock proteins) and mitochondrial adaptive or stress proteins (e.g. manganese superoxide dismutase, mitochondrial KATP channels and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1)). Stress response and antioxidant enzyme inducibility with exercise lead to protection against striated muscle damage, oxidative stress and injury. EPC may indeed provide significant clinical protection against ischaemia-reperfusion injury, Type II diabetes and ageing. New molecular mechanisms of protection, such as δ-opioid receptor regulation and mitophagy, reinforce the notion that mitochondrial adaptations (e.g. heat shock proteins, antioxidant enzymes and sirtuin-1/PGC-1 signalling) are central to the protective effects of exercise preconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Lawler
- Redox Biology & Cell Signalling Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Graduate Faculty of Nutrition & Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Dinah A Rodriguez
- Redox Biology & Cell Signalling Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Graduate Faculty of Nutrition & Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Hord
- Redox Biology & Cell Signalling Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Graduate Faculty of Nutrition & Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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37
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Kramer P, Jung AT, Hamann A, Osiewacz HD. Cyclophilin D Is Involved in the Regulation of Autophagy and Affects the Lifespan of P. anserina in Response to Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress. Front Genet 2016; 7:165. [PMID: 27683587 PMCID: PMC5021683 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition pore plays a key role in programmed cell death and the induction of autophagy. Opening of the pore is regulated by the mitochondrial peptidyl prolyl-cis, trans-isomerase cyclophilin D (CYPD). Previously it was shown in the aging model organism Podospora anserina that PaCYPD abundance increases during aging and that PaCypD overexpressors are characterized by accelerated aging. Here, we describe a role of PaCYPD in the regulation of autophagy. We found that the accelerated aging phenotype observed in a strain overexpressing PaCypD is not metacaspase-dependent but is accompanied by an increase of general autophagy and mitophagy, the selective autophagic degradation of mitochondria. It thus is linked to what has been defined as "autophagic cell death" or "type II" programmed cell death. Moreover, we found that the previously demonstrated age-related induction of autophagy in wild-type aging depends on the presence of PaCYPD. Deletion of PaCypD leads to a decrease in autophagy in later stages of age and under paraquat-mediated oxidative stress. Finally, we report that PaCYPD is also required for mitohormesis, the beneficial effect of mild mitochondrial stress. Thus, PaCYPD plays a key role in the context-dependent regulation of pathways leading to pro-survival and pro-death effects of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piet Kramer
- Department of Biosciences, Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Molecular Biosciences and Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt Macromolecular Complexes, J. W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alexander T Jung
- Department of Biosciences, Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Molecular Biosciences and Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt Macromolecular Complexes, J. W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andrea Hamann
- Department of Biosciences, Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Molecular Biosciences and Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt Macromolecular Complexes, J. W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Heinz D Osiewacz
- Department of Biosciences, Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Molecular Biosciences and Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt Macromolecular Complexes, J. W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
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See Hoe LE, May LT, Headrick JP, Peart JN. Sarcolemmal dependence of cardiac protection and stress-resistance: roles in aged or diseased hearts. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2966-91. [PMID: 27439627 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the sarcolemmal membrane is a defining feature of oncotic death in cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R), and its molecular makeup not only fundamentally governs this process but also affects multiple determinants of both myocardial I-R injury and responsiveness to cardioprotective stimuli. Beyond the influences of membrane lipids on the cytoprotective (and death) receptors intimately embedded within this bilayer, myocardial ionic homeostasis, substrate metabolism, intercellular communication and electrical conduction are all sensitive to sarcolemmal makeup, and critical to outcomes from I-R. As will be outlined in this review, these crucial sarcolemmal dependencies may underlie not only the negative effects of age and common co-morbidities on myocardial ischaemic tolerance but also the on-going challenge of implementing efficacious cardioprotection in patients suffering accidental or surgically induced I-R. We review evidence for the involvement of sarcolemmal makeup changes in the impairment of stress-resistance and cardioprotection observed with ageing and highly prevalent co-morbid conditions including diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia. A greater understanding of membrane changes with age/disease, and the inter-dependences of ischaemic tolerance and cardioprotection on sarcolemmal makeup, can facilitate the development of strategies to preserve membrane integrity and cell viability, and advance the challenging goal of implementing efficacious 'cardioprotection' in clinically relevant patient cohorts. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Pharmacology of G Protein-Coupled Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v173.20/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise E See Hoe
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and The University of Queensland, Chermside, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - John P Headrick
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Jason N Peart
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
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Caveolin-1/-3: therapeutic targets for myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 111:45. [PMID: 27282376 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Caveolae, caveolin-1 (Cav-1), and caveolin-3 (Cav-3) are essential for the protective effects of conditioning against myocardial I/R injury. Caveolins are membrane-bound scaffolding proteins that compartmentalize and modulate signal transduction. In this review, we introduce caveolae and caveolins and briefly describe the interactions of caveolins in the cardiovascular diseases. We also review the roles of Cav-1/-3 in protection against myocardial ischemia and I/R injury, and in conditioning. Finally, we suggest several potential research avenues that may be of interest to clinicians and basic scientists. The information included, herein, is potentially useful for the design of future studies and should advance the investigation of caveolins as therapeutic targets.
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Calabrese EJ. Pre- and post-conditioning hormesis in elderly mice, rats, and humans: its loss and restoration. Biogerontology 2016; 17:681-702. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-016-9646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Silva-Palacios A, Königsberg M, Zazueta C. Nrf2 signaling and redox homeostasis in the aging heart: A potential target to prevent cardiovascular diseases? Ageing Res Rev 2016; 26:81-95. [PMID: 26732035 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging process is often accompanied with a high incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) due to the synergistic effects of age-related changes in heart morphology/function and prolonged exposure to injurious effects of CVD risk factors. Oxidative stress, considered a hallmark of aging, is also an important feature in pathologies that predispose to CVD development, like hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Approaches directed to prevent the occurrence of CVD during aging have been explored both in experimental models and in controlled clinical trials, in order to improve health span, reduce hospitalizations and increase life quality during elderly. In this review we discuss oxidative stress role as a main risk factor that relates CVD with aging. As well as interventions that aim to reduce oxidative stress by supplementing with exogenous antioxidants. In particular, strategies of improving the endogenous antioxidant defenses through activating the nuclear factor related-2 factor (Nrf2) pathway; one of the best studied molecules in cellular redox homeostasis and a master regulator of the antioxidant and phase II detoxification response.
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-seventh consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2014 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (endogenous opioids and receptors), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (pain and analgesia); stress and social status (human studies); tolerance and dependence (opioid mediation of other analgesic responses); learning and memory (stress and social status); eating and drinking (stress-induced analgesia); alcohol and drugs of abuse (emotional responses in opioid-mediated behaviors); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (opioid involvement in stress response regulation); mental illness and mood (tolerance and dependence); seizures and neurologic disorders (learning and memory); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (opiates and conditioned place preferences (CPP)); general activity and locomotion (eating and drinking); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (alcohol and drugs of abuse); cardiovascular responses (opiates and ethanol); respiration and thermoregulation (opiates and THC); and immunological responses (opiates and stimulants). This paper is the thirty-seventh consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2014 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (endogenous opioids and receptors), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (pain and analgesia); stress and social status (human studies); tolerance and dependence (opioid mediation of other analgesic responses); learning and memory (stress and social status); eating and drinking (stress-induced analgesia); alcohol and drugs of abuse (emotional responses in opioid-mediated behaviors); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (opioid involvement in stress response regulation); mental illness and mood (tolerance and dependence); seizures and neurologic disorders (learning and memory); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (opiates and conditioned place preferences (CPP)); general activity and locomotion (eating and drinking); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (alcohol and drugs of abuse); cardiovascular responses (opiates and ethanol); respiration and thermoregulation (opiates and THC); and immunological responses (opiates and stimulants).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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43
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Ray S, Kassan A, Busija AR, Rangamani P, Patel HH. The plasma membrane as a capacitor for energy and metabolism. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 310:C181-92. [PMID: 26771520 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00087.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
When considering which components of the cell are the most critical to function and physiology, we naturally focus on the nucleus, the mitochondria that regulate energy and apoptotic signaling, or other organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, ribosomes, etc. Few people will suggest that the membrane is the most critical element of a cell in terms of function and physiology. Those that consider the membrane critical will point to its obvious barrier function regulated by the lipid bilayer and numerous ion channels that regulate homeostatic gradients. What becomes evident upon closer inspection is that not all membranes are created equal and that there are lipid-rich microdomains that serve as platforms of signaling and a means of communication with the intracellular environment. In this review, we explore the evolution of membranes, focus on lipid-rich microdomains, and advance the novel concept that membranes serve as "capacitors for energy and metabolism." Within this framework, the membrane then is the primary and critical regulator of stress and disease adaptation of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriyo Ray
- Department of Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; and
| | - Adam Kassan
- Department of Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; and
| | - Anna R Busija
- Department of Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; and
| | - Padmini Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Hemal H Patel
- Department of Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; and
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44
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Nemutlu E, Gupta A, Zhang S, Viqar M, Holmuhamedov E, Terzic A, Jahangir A, Dzeja P. Decline of Phosphotransfer and Substrate Supply Metabolic Circuits Hinders ATP Cycling in Aging Myocardium. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136556. [PMID: 26378442 PMCID: PMC4574965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Integration of mitochondria with cytosolic ATP-consuming/ATP-sensing and substrate supply processes is critical for muscle bioenergetics and electrical activity. Whether age-dependent muscle weakness and increased electrical instability depends on perturbations in cellular energetic circuits is unknown. To define energetic remodeling of aged atrial myocardium we tracked dynamics of ATP synthesis-utilization, substrate supply, and phosphotransfer circuits through adenylate kinase (AK), creatine kinase (CK), and glycolytic/glycogenolytic pathways using 18O stable isotope-based phosphometabolomic technology. Samples of intact atrial myocardium from adult and aged rats were subjected to 18O-labeling procedure at resting basal state, and analyzed using the 18O-assisted HPLC-GC/MS technique. Characteristics for aging atria were lower inorganic phosphate Pi[18O], γ-ATP[18O], β-ADP[18O], and creatine phosphate CrP[18O] 18O-labeling rates indicating diminished ATP utilization-synthesis and AK and CK phosphotransfer fluxes. Shift in dynamics of glycolytic phosphotransfer was reflected in the diminished G6P[18O] turnover with relatively constant glycogenolytic flux or G1P[18O] 18O-labeling. Labeling of G3P[18O], an indicator of G3P-shuttle activity and substrate supply to mitochondria, was depressed in aged myocardium. Aged atrial myocardium displayed reduced incorporation of 18O into second (18O2), third (18O3), and fourth (18O4) positions of Pi[18O] and a lower Pi[18O]/γ-ATP[18 O]-labeling ratio, indicating delayed energetic communication and ATP cycling between mitochondria and cellular ATPases. Adrenergic stress alleviated diminished CK flux, AK catalyzed β-ATP turnover and energetic communication in aging atria. Thus, 18O-assisted phosphometabolomics uncovered simultaneous phosphotransfer through AK, CK, and glycolytic pathways and G3P substrate shuttle deficits hindering energetic communication and ATP cycling, which may underlie energetic vulnerability of aging atrial myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emirhan Nemutlu
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Anu Gupta
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Song Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Maria Viqar
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ekhson Holmuhamedov
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging (CIRCA), Aurora University of Wisconsin Medical Group, Aurora Health Care, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Andre Terzic
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Arshad Jahangir
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging (CIRCA), Aurora University of Wisconsin Medical Group, Aurora Health Care, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PD); (AJ)
| | - Petras Dzeja
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PD); (AJ)
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45
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Headrick JP, See Hoe LE, Du Toit EF, Peart JN. Opioid receptors and cardioprotection - 'opioidergic conditioning' of the heart. Br J Pharmacol 2015. [PMID: 25521834 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13042.pubmed:25521834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) remains a major cause of morbidity/mortality globally, firmly established in Westernized or 'developed' countries and rising in prevalence in developing nations. Thus, cardioprotective therapies to limit myocardial damage with associated ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R), during infarction or surgical ischaemia, is a very important, although still elusive, clinical goal. The opioid receptor system, encompassing the δ (vas deferens), κ (ketocyclazocine) and μ (morphine) opioid receptors and their endogenous opioid ligands (endorphins, dynorphins, enkephalins), appears as a logical candidate for such exploitation. This regulatory system may orchestrate organism and organ responses to stress, induces mammalian hibernation and associated metabolic protection, triggers powerful adaptive stress resistance in response to ischaemia/hypoxia (preconditioning), and mediates cardiac benefit stemming from physical activity. In addition to direct myocardial actions, central opioid receptor signalling may also enhance the ability of the heart to withstand I-R injury. The δ- and κ-opioid receptors are strongly implicated in cardioprotection across models and species (including anti-infarct and anti-arrhythmic actions), with mixed evidence for μ opioid receptor-dependent protection in animal and human tissues. A small number of clinical trials have provided evidence of cardiac benefit from morphine or remifentanil in cardiopulmonary bypass or coronary angioplasty patients, although further trials of subtype-specific opioid receptor agonists are needed. The precise roles and utility of this GPCR family in healthy and diseased human myocardium, and in mediating central and peripheral survival responses, warrant further investigation, as do the putative negative influences of ageing, IHD co-morbidities, and relevant drugs on opioid receptor signalling and protective responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Headrick
- Heart Foundation Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute Griffith University, Southport, Qld., Australia
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46
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Headrick JP, See Hoe LE, Du Toit EF, Peart JN. Opioid receptors and cardioprotection - 'opioidergic conditioning' of the heart. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:2026-50. [PMID: 25521834 PMCID: PMC4386979 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) remains a major cause of morbidity/mortality globally, firmly established in Westernized or 'developed' countries and rising in prevalence in developing nations. Thus, cardioprotective therapies to limit myocardial damage with associated ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R), during infarction or surgical ischaemia, is a very important, although still elusive, clinical goal. The opioid receptor system, encompassing the δ (vas deferens), κ (ketocyclazocine) and μ (morphine) opioid receptors and their endogenous opioid ligands (endorphins, dynorphins, enkephalins), appears as a logical candidate for such exploitation. This regulatory system may orchestrate organism and organ responses to stress, induces mammalian hibernation and associated metabolic protection, triggers powerful adaptive stress resistance in response to ischaemia/hypoxia (preconditioning), and mediates cardiac benefit stemming from physical activity. In addition to direct myocardial actions, central opioid receptor signalling may also enhance the ability of the heart to withstand I-R injury. The δ- and κ-opioid receptors are strongly implicated in cardioprotection across models and species (including anti-infarct and anti-arrhythmic actions), with mixed evidence for μ opioid receptor-dependent protection in animal and human tissues. A small number of clinical trials have provided evidence of cardiac benefit from morphine or remifentanil in cardiopulmonary bypass or coronary angioplasty patients, although further trials of subtype-specific opioid receptor agonists are needed. The precise roles and utility of this GPCR family in healthy and diseased human myocardium, and in mediating central and peripheral survival responses, warrant further investigation, as do the putative negative influences of ageing, IHD co-morbidities, and relevant drugs on opioid receptor signalling and protective responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Headrick
- Heart Foundation Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute Griffith UniversitySouthport, Qld., Australia
| | - Louise E See Hoe
- Heart Foundation Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute Griffith UniversitySouthport, Qld., Australia
| | - Eugene F Du Toit
- Heart Foundation Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute Griffith UniversitySouthport, Qld., Australia
| | - Jason N Peart
- Heart Foundation Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute Griffith UniversitySouthport, Qld., Australia
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47
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Sanon VP, Sawaki D, Mjaatvedt CH, Jourdan‐Le Saux C. Myocardial Tissue Caveolae. Compr Physiol 2015; 5:871-86. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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48
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Schilling JM, Roth DM, Patel HH. Caveolins in cardioprotection - translatability and mechanisms. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:2114-25. [PMID: 25377989 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Translation of preclinical treatments for ischaemia-reperfusion injury into clinical therapies has been limited by a number of factors. This review will focus on a single mode of cardiac protection related to a membrane scaffolding protein, caveolin, which regulates protective signalling as well as myocyte ultrastructure in the setting of ischaemic stress. Factors that have limited the clinical translation of protection will be considered specifically in terms of signalling and structural defects. The potential of caveolin to overcome barriers to protection with the ultimate hope of clinical translation will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Schilling
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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49
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Ong SB, Dongworth RK, Cabrera-Fuentes HA, Hausenloy DJ. Role of the MPTP in conditioning the heart - translatability and mechanism. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:2074-84. [PMID: 25393318 PMCID: PMC4386982 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria have long been known to be the gatekeepers of cell fate. This is particularly so in the response to acute ischaemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI). Following an acute episode of sustained myocardial ischaemia, the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) in the first few minutes of reperfusion, mediates cell death. Preventing MPTP opening at the onset of reperfusion using either pharmacological inhibitors [such as cyclosporin A (CsA) ] or genetic ablation has been reported to reduce myocardial infarct (MI) size in animal models of acute IRI. Interestingly, the endogenous cardioprotective intervention of ischaemic conditioning, in which the heart is protected against MI by applying cycles of brief ischaemia and reperfusion to either the heart itself or a remote organ or tissue, appears to be mediated through the inhibition of MPTP opening at reperfusion. Small proof‐of‐concept clinical studies have demonstrated the translatability of this therapeutic approach to target MPTP opening using CsA in clinical settings of acute myocardial IRI. However, given that CsA is a not a specific MPTP inhibitor, more novel and specific inhibitors of the MPTP need to be discovered – the molecular identification of the MPTP should facilitate this. In this paper, we review the role of the MPTP as a target for cardioprotection, the potential mechanisms underlying MPTP inhibition in the setting of ischaemic conditioning, and the translatability of MPTP inhibition as a therapeutic approach in the clinical setting. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on Conditioning the Heart – Pathways to Translation. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue‐8
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Affiliation(s)
- S-B Ong
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
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Cardioprotective efficacy depends critically on pharmacological dose, duration of ischaemia, health status of animals and choice of anaesthetic regimen: a case study with folic acid. J Transl Med 2014; 12:325. [PMID: 25432364 PMCID: PMC4265322 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute, high-dose folic acid (FA) administration has recently been shown to possess unprecedented effective cardioprotection against ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Here we explore the translation potential of FA as treatment modality for cardiac I/R. METHODS Dependency of FA protection on dose, ischaemia duration, and eNOS was examined in an isolated mouse heart I/R model, whereas dependency on animal health status and anaesthesia was examined in an in vivo rat model of regional cardiac I/R. RESULTS 50 μM FA provided maximal reduction (by 95%) of I/R-induced cell death following 25 min ischaemia in isolated wild-type hearts, with protection associated with increased coupled eNOS protein. No protection was observed with 35 min I or in eNOS(-/-) hearts. Acute intravenous administration of FA during a 25 min ischaemic period reduced infarct size by 45% in in vivo pentobarbital-anaesthetised young, healthy rats. FA did not reduce infarct size in aged or pre-diabetic rats, although it did preserve hemodynamics in the pre-diabetic rats. Finally, using a clinically-relevant anaesthetic regimen of fentanyl-propofol anaesthesia, FA treatment was ineffective in young, aged and pre-diabetic animals. CONCLUSIONS The protective potential of an initially promising cardioprotective treatment of high dose FA against cardiac I/R infarction, is critically dependent on experimental conditions with relevance to the clinical condition. Our data indicates the necessity of expanded pre-clinical testing of cardioprotective interventions before embarking on clinical testing, in order to prevent too many "lost-in-translation" drugs and unnecessary clinical studies.
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