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Abunofal O, Mohan C. Salubrious Effects of Green Tea Catechins on Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review. MEDICINES 2022; 9:medicines9030020. [PMID: 35323719 PMCID: PMC8949532 DOI: 10.3390/medicines9030020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a polyphenol green tea catechin with potential health benefits and therapeutic effects in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a common liver disorder that adversely affects liver function and lipid metabolism. This systematic review surveyed the effects of EGCG or green tea extract (GTE) on NAFLD reported in studies involving rodent models or humans with a focus on clinicopathologic outcomes, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and inflammatory, oxidative stress, and liver injury markers. Articles involving clinical efficacy of EGCG/GTE on human subjects and rodent models were gathered by searching the PUBMED database and by referencing additional articles identified from other literature reviews. EGCG or GTE supplementation reduced body weight, adipose tissue deposits, and food intake. Mechanistically, the majority of these studies confirmed that EGCG or GTE supplementation plays a significant role in regulating lipid and glucose metabolism and expression of genes involved in lipid synthesis. Importantly, EGCG and GTE supplementation were shown to have beneficial effects on oxidative stress-related pathways that activate pro-inflammatory responses, leading to liver damage. In conclusion, green tea catechins are a potentially useful treatment option for NAFLD. More research is required to determine the ideal dosage, treatment duration, and most effective delivery method of EGCG or GTE, and to provide more definitive conclusions by performing large, randomized clinical trials.
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The role of TNF-α induced protein 1 in the activation of pro-apoptotic proteins. Hum Cell 2021; 34:1123-1129. [PMID: 33909263 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
It is known that Porphyromonas gingivalis/lipopolysaccharide (P. gingivalis/LPS) induces inflammatory diseases via TNF-α-mediated transcription factors. Our recent data shows that TNFAIP1 (TNF-α induced protein 1) is related to TNF-α. However, little is known regarding how TNFAIP1 is involved in the TNF-α-dependent pathway. We therefore focused on the biological function of TNFAIP1 and examined how TNFAIP1 mediates TNF-α and other genes. We found that TNF-α was upregulated and peaks before the upregulation of apoptotic genes such as Bad, Bcl-x, Caspase 3, Catalase, Claspin, Cytochromic, Ho-1/HMOX1/HSP32, or MCI-1 in our time course with TNFAIP1-treated cells. Our findings here may serve as the foundation for future studies linking regulation of TNFAIP1 and intervention of inflammatory disease.
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Cai Y, Yao H, Sun Z, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Li L. Role of NFAT in the Progression of Diabetic Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:635172. [PMID: 33791348 PMCID: PMC8006278 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.635172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) is a transcription factor with a multidirectional regulatory function, that is widely expressed in immune cells, including cells in the cardiovascular system, and non-immune cells. A large number of studies have confirmed that calcineurin/NFAT signal transduction is very important in the development of vascular system and cardiovascular system during embryonic development, and plays some role in the occurrence of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, vascular calcification, and hypertension. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that NFAT proteins and their activation in the nucleus and binding to DNA-related sites can easily ɨnduce the expression of downstream target genes that participate in the proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and vascular inflammation of vascular wall related cells in various pathophysiological states. NFAT expression is regulated by various signaling pathways, including CD137-CD137L, and OX40-OX40L pathways. As a functionally diverse transcription factor, NFAT interacts with a large number of signaling molecules to modulate intracellular and extracellular signaling pathways. These NFAT-centered signaling pathways play important regulatory roles in the progression of atherosclerosis, such as in vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic transition and migration, endothelial cell injury, macrophage-derived foam cell formation, and plaque calcification. NFAT and related signaling pathways provide new therapeutic targets for vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. Hence, further studies of the mechanism of NFAT in the occurrence and evolution of atherosclerosis remain crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Cai
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Haipeng Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yunyun Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Mukai Y, Kataoka S, Sato S. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Extract Affects Plasma Lipid Metabolism and Hepatic Macrophage Infiltration in Diabetic Rats. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401315666190114153933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Chronic hyperglycemia is known to be a high-risk factor for progressive
chronic liver diseases, such as abnormal lipid metabolism. The activation of AMP-activated protein
kinase (AMPK) has a beneficial effect on dyslipidemia. Polyphenols derived from various plants are
involved in AMPK activation.
Objective:
We investigated the effects of polyphenol-containing sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) extract
(SE) on plasma lipid metabolism and macrophage infiltration, and measured the expression and
phosphorylation of AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in diabetic rat livers.
Methods:
Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats received 0, 50, or 250 mg/kg of SE orally for 4 weeks.
Blood chemistry, total and phosphorylated protein levels of AMPK and ACC, sterol regulatory element-
binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) mRNA and protein levels, and macrophage infiltration in the
livers were examined.
Results:
Plasma glucose and triacylglycerol levels, which were increased in the untreated diabetic
rats, were significantly lower in the 250 mg/kg SE-treated diabetic rats. AMPK and ACC phosphorylation
levels were significantly increased in the 250 mg/kg SE-treated diabetic rats compared with
those in the untreated rats. There was no difference in the hepatic expression of SREBP-1c between
the diabetic rat groups. Macrophage infiltration in the liver was suppressed by 250 mg/kg of SEtreatment.
Conclusion:
These data suggest that SE treatment may affect plasma lipid metabolism and chronic
inflammation by upregulating phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC in diabetic rat livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuka Mukai
- Department of Food Hygiene and Function, School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health and Social Work, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Saori Kataoka
- Department of Nutrition, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Aomori, Japan
| | - Shin Sato
- Department of Nutrition, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Aomori, Japan
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Chen SJ, Kao YH, Jing L, Chuang YP, Wu WL, Liu ST, Huang SM, Lai JH, Ho LJ, Tsai MC, Lin CS. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Reduces Scavenger Receptor A Expression and Foam Cell Formation in Human Macrophages. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:3141-3150. [PMID: 28367625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Foam cells are formed when macrophages imbibe low-density lipoprotein (LDL) through scavenger receptors. Here we examined how epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) influences foam cell formation. We found that EGCG dose-dependently reduced oxidized LDL (oxLDL) uptake in THP-1 (10 μM, 20.0 ± 0.50, p < 0.05) and primary macrophages (134.6 ± 15.6, p < 0.05) and reduced intracellular cholesterol content in these cells, respectively (10 μM, 32.6 ± 0.14, p < 0.05; 31.7 ± 1.26, p < 0.05). EGCG treatment decreased scavenger receptor A expression, but not the expression of CD36 or of reverse cholesterol transporters. Moreover, EGCG stimulated translocation of the p50 and p65 subunits of NF-κB and enhanced NF-κB DNA-binding activity, thus suppressing SR-A promoter activity. EGCG's suppression of SR-A expression was blocked by the NF-κB inhibitor Bay. The present findings suggest that EGCG regulates NF-κB activity and thus suppresses SR-A expression, oxLDL uptake, and foam cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sy-Jou Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Hsi Kao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University , Jhongli, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Li Jing
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System , Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Yi-Ping Chuang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wan-Lin Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California-Riverside , Riverside, California, United States
| | - Shu-Ting Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Ming Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jenn-Haung Lai
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ling-Jun Ho
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institute , Zhunan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Min-Chien Tsai
- Department of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chin-Sheng Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Green tea extract intake during lactation modified cardiac macrophage infiltration and AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation in weanling rats from undernourished mother during gestation and lactation. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2016; 8:178-187. [PMID: 27919304 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174416000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Maternal dietary restriction is often associated with cardiovascular disease in offspring. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of green tea extract (GTE) intake during lactation on macrophage infiltration, and activation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and serine-threonine kinase Akt (Akt) in the hearts of weanlings exposed to maternal dietary protein restriction. Pregnant Wistar rats were fed control (C) or low-protein diets (LP) throughout gestation. Following delivery, the dams received a control or a GTE-containing control diet during lactation: control diet during gestation and lactation (CC), low-protein diet during gestation and lactation (LPC), low-protein diet during gestation and 0.12% GTE-containing low-protein diet during lactation (LPL), and low-protein diet during gestation and 0.24% GTE-containing low-protein diet during lactation (LPH). The female offspring were sacrificed at day 22. Biochemical parameters in the plasma, macrophage infiltration, degree of fibrosis and expression levels of AMPK and Akt were examined. The plasma insulin level increased in LPH compared with LPC. Percentage of the fibrotic areas and the number of macrophages in LPC were higher than those in CC. Conversely, the fibrotic areas and the macrophage number in LPH were smaller (21 and 56%, respectively) than those in LPC. The levels of phosphorylated AMPK in LPL and LPH, and Akt in LPH were greater than those in LPC. In conclusion, maternal protein restriction may induce macrophage infiltration and the decrease of insulin levels. However, GTE intake during lactation may suppress macrophage infiltration and restore insulin secretion function via upregulation of AMPK and insulin signaling in weanlings.
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Akhlaghi M. Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Beneficial Effects of Flavonoids. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1559-1571. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Akhlaghi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
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Wu T, Guo Y, Liu R, Wang K, Zhang M. Black tea polyphenols and polysaccharides improve body composition, increase fecal fatty acid, and regulate fat metabolism in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Food Funct 2016; 7:2469-78. [PMID: 27161951 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00401f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With the current changes in diet and living habits, obesity has become a global health problem. Thus, the weight-reducing function of tea has attracted considerable attention. This study investigated the anti-obesity effect and the mechanism of black tea (BT) polyphenols and polysaccharides in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The BT polyphenols and polysaccharides reduced the body weight, Lee's index, visceral fat weight, and fat cell size but improved the biochemical profile and increased the fecal fatty acid content, thereby preventing high-fat diet-induced obesity. A gene expression profile array was used to screen eight upregulated and five downregulated differentially expressed genes that affect fat metabolic pathways, such as glycerolipid and glycerophospholipid metabolism, fatty acid degradation, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, bile and pancreatic secretion, the insulin signaling pathway, and steroid hormone secretion. The BT polyphenols and polysaccharides suppressed the formation and accumulation of fat and promoted its decomposition to prevent obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China.
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Domitrović R, Potočnjak I. A comprehensive overview of hepatoprotective natural compounds: mechanism of action and clinical perspectives. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:39-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1580-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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