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Yan LM, Li HJ, Fan Q, Xue YD, Wang T. Chronobiological perspectives: Association between meal timing and sleep quality. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308172. [PMID: 39088487 PMCID: PMC11293727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meal timing has been associated with metabolism and cardiovascular diseases; however, the relationship between meal timing and sleep quality remains inconclusive. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the relationship between meal timing and sleep quality from a chronobiological perspective. METHODS This study utilized data from the NHANES for the years 2005-2008, including a cohort of 7,023 participants after applying exclusion criteria. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Meal timing was analyzed based on two 24-hour dietary recalls from each individual, considering the timing of the initial and final meals, meal duration, and frequency of meal occasions. Multiple linear regression models and hierarchical analyses were employed to examine the relationship between meal timing and PSQI scores, adjusting for various demographic and habitat covariates. RESULTS Statistical analysis revealed a positive correlation between delayed meal timings, increased meal occasions, and elevated PSQI scores, indicating that later meal timing are intricately linked with diminished sleep quality. Both later meal timings and more frequent meal occasions were significantly associated with poorer sleep quality. Compared to the first tertile, the β (95%CI) values of the third tertile were 0.545 (0.226, 0.864) for first meal timing, 0.586 (0.277, 0.896) for midpoint meal timing, 0.385 (0.090, 0.680) for last meal timing, and 0.332 (0.021, 0.642) for meal occasions in the adjusted models. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that late initial, midpoint, and final meal timing, as well as more frequent meal occasions, are chrono-nutrition patterns associated with poor sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Yan
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hai-Jun Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qi Fan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi-Dong Xue
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
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Mühlematter C, Nielsen DS, Castro-Mejía JL, Brown SA, Rasch B, Wright KP, Walser JC, Schoch SF, Kurth S. Not simply a matter of parents-Infants' sleep-wake patterns are associated with their regularity of eating. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291441. [PMID: 37796923 PMCID: PMC10553286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In adults there are indications that regular eating patterns are related to better sleep quality. During early development, sleep and eating habits experience major maturational transitions. Further, the bacterial landscape of the gut microbiota undergoes a rapid increase in complexity. Yet little is known about the association between sleep, eating patterns and the gut microbiota. We first hypothesized that higher eating regularity is associated with more mature sleep patterns, and second, that this association is mediated by the maturational status of the gut microbiota. To test this hypothesis, we performed a longitudinal study in 162 infants to assess actigraphy, diaries of sleep and eating times, and stool microbiota composition at ages 3, 6 and 12 months. To comprehensively capture infants' habitual sleep-wake patterns, 5 sleep composites that characterize infants' sleep habits across multiple days in their home environment were computed. To assess timing of eating habits, we developed an Eating Regularity Index (ERI). Gut microbial composition was assessed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and its maturation was assessed based on alpha diversity, bacterial maturation index, and enterotype. First, our results demonstrate that increased eating regularity (higher ERI) in infants is associated with less time spent awake during the night (sleep fragmentation) and more regular sleep patterns. Second, the associations of ERI with sleep evolve with age. Third, the link between infant sleep and ERI remains significant when controlling for parents' subjectively rated importance of structuring their infant's eating and sleeping times. Finally, the gut microbial maturational markers did not account for the link between infant's sleep patterns and ERI. Thus, infants who eat more regularly have more mature sleep patterns, which is independent of the maturational status of their gut microbiota. Interventions targeting infant eating rhythm thus constitute a simple, ready-to-use anchor to improve sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dennis S. Nielsen
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Josue L. Castro-Mejía
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steven A. Brown
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Björn Rasch
- Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Kenneth P. Wright
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | | | - Sarah F. Schoch
- Donders Institute for Brain, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Salome Kurth
- Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Kim H, Hegde S, LaFiura C, Raghavan M, Luong E, Cheng S, Rebholz CM, Seidelmann SB. COVID-19 illness in relation to sleep and burnout. BMJ Nutr Prev Health 2021; 4:132-139. [PMID: 34308120 PMCID: PMC7995669 DOI: 10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep habits and burnout have been shown to be associated with increase in infectious diseases, but it is unknown if these factors are associated with risk of COVID-19. We assessed whether sleep and self-reported burnout may be risk factors for COVID-19 among high-risk healthcare workers (HCWs). Methods From 17 July to 25 September 2020, a web-based survey was administered to HCWs in six countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK, USA) with a high frequency of workplace exposure. Participants provided information on demographics, sleep (number of sleep hours at night, daytime napping hours, sleep problems), burnout from work and COVID-19 exposures. We used multivariable linear and logistic regression models to evaluate the associations between sleep, burnout and COVID-19. Results Among 2884 exposed HCWs, there were 568 COVID-19 cases and 2316 controls. After adjusting for confounders, 1-hour longer sleep duration at night was associated with 12% lower odds of COVID-19 (p=0.003). Daytime napping hours was associated with 6% higher odds, but the association varied by countries, with a non-significant inverse association in Spain. Compared with having no sleep problems, having three sleep problems was associated with 88% greater odds of COVID-19. Reporting burnout 'every day' was associated with greater odds of COVID-19 (OR: 2.60, 95% CI 1.57 to 4.31, p trend across categories=0.001), longer duration (OR: 2.98, 95% CI 1.10 to 8.05, p trend=0.02) and severity (OR: 3.26, 95% CI 1.25 to 8.48, p trend=0.02) compared with reporting no burnout. These associations remained significant after adjusting for frequency of COVID-19 exposures. Conclusions In six countries, longer sleep duration was associated with lower odds of COVID-19, but the association with daytime nap may not be consistent across countries. Greater sleep problems and high level of burnout were robustly associated with greater odds of COVID-19. Sleep and burnout may be risk factors for COVID-19 in high-risk HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sheila Hegde
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Eric Luong
- Department of Cardiology, Schmidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Schmidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Casey M Rebholz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sara B Seidelmann
- Department of Medicine, Stamford Hospital, Stamford, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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