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Akbari M, Moardi S, Piri H, Amiri R, Aliaqabozorg F, Afraz ES. The identification of active compounds and therapeutic properties of fermented and non-fermented red sorghum for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Exp Gerontol 2024; 192:112459. [PMID: 38740315 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Sorghum is a promising treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD), due to its rich antioxidant and anti-inflammatory qualities. Fermentation may also affect nutritional values. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to discover the phenolic and flavonoid chemicals found in both fermented and non-fermented red sorghum, as well as their potential therapeutic uses for AD. L. fermentum, and L. reuteri, and/or L. plantarum and L. casei were used to ferment samples of sorghum. The rats were grouped into five groups, healthy animals, and rats with Alzheimer's receiving 200 mg/kg of saline, non-fermented sorghum, and fermented sorghum fermented with L. fermentum and L. reuteri, as well as L. plantarum and L. casei. Various assessments were conducted, including evaluations of behavioral responses, antioxidant responses, inflammatory responses, acetylcholine levels and acetylcholine esterase, and bacterial populations in stool. P-hydroxybenzoic acid, eriodictyo naringenin, and apigenin were significantly higher in fermented samples, while glycerols were higher in non-fermented samples. The induction of Alzheimer's led to decrease step-through latency, time in target zone, FRAP, acetylcholine levels, Bifidobacterium population and lactobacillus population, while increased escape latency, platform location latency, MDA levels, IL-6, TNF-α, acetylcholine esterase, and coliform population (P = 0.001). The administration of both non-fermented sorghum and fermented sorghum demonstrated the potential to reverse the effects of AD, with a notably higher efficacy observed in the fermented samples compared to the non-fermented ones. In conclusion, fermentation exerted significant effects on the bioactive compounds the administration of fermented sorghum resulted in improved behavioral responses, characterized by a reduction in oxidation, inflammation and microbial population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Akbari
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Salar Moardi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Homeyra Piri
- Faculty of Engineering, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, I-39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Roonak Amiri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Aliaqabozorg
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Sadat Afraz
- Department of Oral Medicine, Dental School, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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Boa Sorte Silva NC, Barha CK, Erickson KI, Kramer AF, Liu-Ambrose T. Physical exercise, cognition, and brain health in aging. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:402-417. [PMID: 38811309 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Exercise training is an important strategy to counteract cognitive and brain health decline during aging. Evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses supports the notion of beneficial effects of exercise in cognitively unimpaired and impaired older individuals. However, the effects are often modest, and likely influenced by moderators such as exercise training parameters, sample characteristics, outcome assessments, and control conditions. Here, we discuss evidence on the impact of exercise on cognitive and brain health outcomes in healthy aging and in individuals with or at risk for cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. We also review neuroplastic adaptations in response to exercise and their potential neurobiological mechanisms. We conclude by highlighting goals for future studies, including addressing unexplored neurobiological mechanisms and the inclusion of under-represented populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nárlon C Boa Sorte Silva
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Aging SMART at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cindy K Barha
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; AdventHealth Research Institute, Neuroscience, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Beckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Teresa Liu-Ambrose
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Aging SMART at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Norevik CS, Huuha AM, Røsbjørgen RN, Hildegard Bergersen L, Jacobsen K, Miguel-Dos-Santos R, Ryan L, Skender B, Moreira JBN, Kobro-Flatmoen A, Witter MP, Scrimgeour N, Tari AR. Exercised blood plasma promotes hippocampal neurogenesis in the Alzheimer's disease rat brain. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:245-255. [PMID: 37500010 PMCID: PMC10980897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise training promotes brain plasticity and is associated with protection against cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD). These beneficial effects may be partly mediated by blood-borne factors. Here we used an in vitro model of AD to investigate effects of blood plasma from exercise-trained donors on neuronal viability, and an in vivo rat model of AD to test whether such plasma impacts cognitive function, amyloid pathology, and neurogenesis. METHODS Mouse hippocampal neuronal cells were exposed to AD-like stress using amyloid-β and treated with plasma collected from human male donors 3 h after a single bout of high-intensity exercise. For in vivo studies, blood was collected from exercise-trained young male Wistar rats (high-intensity intervals 5 days/week for 6 weeks). Transgenic AD rats (McGill-R-Thy1-APP) were injected 5 times/fortnight for 6 weeks at 2 months or 5 months of age with either (a) plasma from the exercise-trained rats, (b) plasma from sedentary rats, or (c) saline. Cognitive function, amyloid plaque pathology, and neurogenesis were assessed. The plasma used for the treatment was analyzed for 23 cytokines. RESULTS Plasma from exercised donors enhanced cell viability by 44.1% (p = 0.032) and reduced atrophy by 50.0% (p < 0.001) in amyloid-β-treated cells. In vivo exercised plasma treatment did not alter cognitive function or amyloid plaque pathology but did increase hippocampal neurogenesis by ∼3 fold, regardless of pathological stage, when compared to saline-treated rats. Concentrations of 7 cytokines were significantly reduced in exercised plasma compared to sedentary plasma. CONCLUSION Our proof-of-concept study demonstrates that plasma from exercise-trained donors can protect neuronal cells in culture and promote adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the AD rat brain. This effect may be partly due to reduced pro-inflammatory signaling molecules in exercised plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Skarstad Norevik
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, 7030, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Aleksi M Huuha
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, 7030, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ragnhild N Røsbjørgen
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Kamilla Jacobsen
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rodrigo Miguel-Dos-Santos
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Liv Ryan
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Belma Skender
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, and Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7030, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jose Bianco N Moreira
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Asgeir Kobro-Flatmoen
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, and Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7030, Trondheim, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Centre for Alzheimer's Disease, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7030, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Menno P Witter
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, and Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7030, Trondheim, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Centre for Alzheimer's Disease, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7030, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nathan Scrimgeour
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Atefe R Tari
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.
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Rodriguez-Ayllon M, Solis-Urra P, Arroyo-Ávila C, Álvarez-Ortega M, Molina-García P, Molina-Hidalgo C, Gómez-Río M, Brown B, Erickson KI, Esteban-Cornejo I. Physical activity and amyloid beta in middle-aged and older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:133-144. [PMID: 37558161 PMCID: PMC10980893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the pathological hallmarks distinguishing Alzheimer's disease from other dementias is the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ). Higher physical activity is associated with decreased dementia risk, and one potential path could be through Aβ levels modulation. We aimed to explore the relationship between physical activity and Aβ in middle-aged and older adults. METHODS A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and SPORTDiscus was performed from inception to April 28, 2022. Studies were eligible if they included physical activity and Aβ data in adults aged 45 years or older. Multi-level meta-analyses of intervention and observational studies were performed to examine the role of physical activity in modulating Aβ levels. RESULTS In total, 37 articles were included (8 randomized controlled trials, 3 non-randomized controlled trials, 4 prospective longitudinal studies, and 22 cross-sectional studies). The overall effect size of physical activity interventions on changes in blood Aβ was medium (pooled standardized mean difference = -0.69, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): -1.41 to 0.03; I2 = 74.6%). However, these results were not statistically significant, and there were not enough studies to explore the effects of physical activity on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain Aβ. Data from observational studies were examined based on measurements of Aβ in the brain using positron emission tomography scans, CSF, and blood. Higher physical activity was positively associated with Aβ only in the CSF (Estimate r = 0.12; 95%CI: 0.05-0.18; I2 = 38.00%). CONCLUSION Physical activity might moderately reduce blood Aβ in middle-aged and older adults. However, results were only near statistical significance and might be interpreted with caution given the methodological limitations observed in some of the included studies. In observational studies, higher levels of physical activity were positively associated with Aβ only in CSF. Therefore, further research is needed to understand the modulating role of physical activity in the brain, CSF, and blood Aβ, as well as its implication for cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Rodriguez-Ayllon
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, GD 3015, the Netherlands
| | - Patricio Solis-Urra
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain; Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2531015, Chile; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Institute of Biosanitary Research of Granada (IBS), Granada 18014, Spain
| | - Cristina Arroyo-Ávila
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Miriam Álvarez-Ortega
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Pablo Molina-García
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Institute of Biosanitary Research of Granada (IBS), Granada 18014, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Gómez-Río
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Institute of Biosanitary Research of Granada (IBS), Granada 18014, Spain
| | - Belinda Brown
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; Advent Health Research Institute, Neuroscience Institute Orlando, Orlando, FL 32803, USA
| | - Irene Esteban-Cornejo
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain; Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Research Center (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid 28029, Spain.
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Andrade-Guerrero J, Rodríguez-Arellano P, Barron-Leon N, Orta-Salazar E, Ledesma-Alonso C, Díaz-Cintra S, Soto-Rojas LO. Advancing Alzheimer's Therapeutics: Exploring the Impact of Physical Exercise in Animal Models and Patients. Cells 2023; 12:2531. [PMID: 37947609 PMCID: PMC10648553 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the main neurodegenerative disorder characterized by several pathophysiological features, including the misfolding of the tau protein and the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, synaptic dysfunction, metabolic alterations, and cognitive impairment. These mechanisms collectively contribute to neurodegeneration, necessitating the exploration of therapeutic approaches with multiple targets. Physical exercise has emerged as a promising non-pharmacological intervention for AD, with demonstrated effects on promoting neurogenesis, activating neurotrophic factors, reducing Aβ aggregates, minimizing the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), dampening inflammatory processes, mitigating oxidative stress, and improving the functionality of the neurovascular unit (NVU). Overall, the neuroprotective effects of exercise are not singular, but are multi-targets. Numerous studies have investigated physical exercise's potential in both AD patients and animal models, employing various exercise protocols to elucidate the underlying neurobiological mechanisms and effects. The objective of this review is to analyze the neurological therapeutic effects of these exercise protocols in animal models and compare them with studies conducted in AD patients. By translating findings from different approaches, this review aims to identify opportune, specific, and personalized therapeutic windows, thus advancing research on the use of physical exercise with AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Andrade-Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico;
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Queretaro 76230, Mexico; (P.R.-A.); (N.B.-L.); (E.O.-S.); (C.L.-A.)
| | - Paola Rodríguez-Arellano
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Queretaro 76230, Mexico; (P.R.-A.); (N.B.-L.); (E.O.-S.); (C.L.-A.)
| | - Nayeli Barron-Leon
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Queretaro 76230, Mexico; (P.R.-A.); (N.B.-L.); (E.O.-S.); (C.L.-A.)
| | - Erika Orta-Salazar
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Queretaro 76230, Mexico; (P.R.-A.); (N.B.-L.); (E.O.-S.); (C.L.-A.)
| | - Carlos Ledesma-Alonso
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Queretaro 76230, Mexico; (P.R.-A.); (N.B.-L.); (E.O.-S.); (C.L.-A.)
| | - Sofía Díaz-Cintra
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Queretaro 76230, Mexico; (P.R.-A.); (N.B.-L.); (E.O.-S.); (C.L.-A.)
| | - Luis O. Soto-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico;
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
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Andrade-Guerrero J, Orta-Salazar E, Salinas-Lara C, Sánchez-Garibay C, Rodríguez-Hernández LD, Vargas-Rodríguez I, Barron-Leon N, Ledesma-Alonso C, Diaz-Cintra S, Soto-Rojas LO. Effects of Voluntary Physical Exercise on the Neurovascular Unit in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11134. [PMID: 37446312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. Histopathologically, AD presents two pathognomonic hallmarks: (1) neurofibrillary tangles, characterized by intracellular deposits of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, and (2) extracellular amyloid deposits (amyloid plaques) in the brain vasculature (cerebral amyloid angiopathy; CAA). It has been proposed that vascular amyloid deposits could trigger neurovascular unit (NVU) dysfunction in AD. The NVU is composed primarily of astrocytic feet, endothelial cells, pericytes, and basement membrane. Although physical exercise is hypothesized to have beneficial effects against AD, it is unknown whether its positive effects extend to ameliorating CAA and improving the physiology of the NVU. We used the triple transgenic animal model for AD (3xTg-AD) at 13 months old and analyzed through behavioral and histological assays, the effect of voluntary physical exercise on cognitive functions, amyloid angiopathy, and the NVU. Our results show that 3xTg-AD mice develop vascular amyloid deposits which correlate with cognitive deficits and NVU alteration. Interestingly, the physical exercise regimen decreases amyloid angiopathy and correlates with an improvement in cognitive function as well as in the underlying integrity of the NVU components. Physical exercise could represent a key therapeutic approach in cerebral amyloid angiopathy and NVU stability in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Andrade-Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Erika Orta-Salazar
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Citlaltepetl Salinas-Lara
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
- Departamento de Neuropatología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Garibay
- Departamento de Neuropatología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico
| | - Luis Daniel Rodríguez-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Isaac Vargas-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Nayeli Barron-Leon
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Carlos Ledesma-Alonso
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Sofía Diaz-Cintra
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Luis O Soto-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
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de Frutos Lucas J, Sewell KR, García-Colomo A, Markovic S, Erickson KI, Brown BM. How does apolipoprotein E genotype influence the relationship between physical activity and Alzheimer's disease risk? A novel integrative model. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:22. [PMID: 36707869 PMCID: PMC9881295 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wide evidence suggests that physical activity (PA) confers protection against Alzheimer's disease (AD). On the other hand, the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) ε4 allele represents the greatest genetic risk factor for developing AD. Extensive research has been conducted to determine whether frequent PA can mitigate the increased AD risk associated with APOE ε4. However, thus far, these attempts have produced inconclusive results. In this context, one possible explanation could be that the influence of the combined effect of PA and APOE ε4 carriage might be dependent on the specific outcome measure utilised. MAIN BODY In order to bridge these discrepancies, the aim of this theoretical article is to propose a novel model on the interactive effects of PA and APOE ε4 carriage on well-established mechanisms underlying AD. Available literature was searched to investigate how PA and APOE ε4 carriage, independently and in combination, may alter several molecular pathways involved in AD pathogenesis. The reviewed mechanisms include amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau deposition and clearance, neuronal resilience and neurogenesis, lipid function and cerebrovascular alterations, brain immune response and glucose metabolism. Finally, combining all this information, we have built an integrative model, which includes evidence-based and theoretical synergistic interactions across mechanisms. Moreover, we have identified key knowledge gaps in the literature, providing a list of testable hypotheses that future studies need to address. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that PA influences a wide array of molecular targets involved in AD neuropathology. A deeper understanding of where, when and, most importantly, how PA decreases AD risk even in the presence of the APOE ε4 allele will enable the creation of new protocols using exercise along pharmaceuticals in combined therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaisalmer de Frutos Lucas
- Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes and Logopedia Department, School of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain.
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia.
- Departamento de PsicologíaFacultad de Ciencias de la Vida y de la Naturaleza, Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, 28015, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Kelsey R Sewell
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
| | - Alejandra García-Colomo
- Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes and Logopedia Department, School of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Shaun Markovic
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
- AdventHealth Research Institute, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
| | - Belinda M Brown
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia
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Frederiksen KS, Jensen CS, Høgh P, Gergelyffy R, Waldemar G, Andersen BB, Gottrup H, Vestergaard K, Wermuth L, Søndergaard HB, Sellebjerg F, Hasselbalch SG, Simonsen AH. Aerobic exercise does not affect serum neurofilament light in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1108191. [PMID: 36761410 PMCID: PMC9902368 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1108191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Aerobic exercise has been shown to modify Alzheimer pathology in animal models, and in patients with multiple sclerosis to reduce neurofilament light (NfL), a biomarker of neurodegeneration. Objective To investigate whether a 16-week aerobic exercise program was able to reduce serum NfL in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods This is a secondary analysis of data from the multi-center Preserving Cognition, Quality of Life, Physical Health, and Functional Ability in Alzheimer's disease: The Effect of Physical Exercise (ADEX) study. Participants were randomized to 16 weeks of moderate intensity aerobic exercise or usual care. Clinical assessment and measurement of serum NfL was done at baseline and after the intervention. Results A total of 136 participants were included in the analysis. Groups were comparable at baseline except for APOEε4 carriership which was higher in the usual care group (75.3 versus 60.2%; p = 0.04). There was no effect of the intervention on serum NfL [intervention: baseline NfL (pg/mL) 25.76, change from baseline 0.87; usual care: baseline 27.09, change from baseline -1.16, p = 0.09]. Conclusion The findings do not support an effect of the exercise intervention on a single measure of neurodegeneration in AD. Further studies are needed using other types and durations of exercise and other measures of neurodegeneration. Clinical trial registration clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT01681602.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Steen Frederiksen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Center, Copenhagen University Hospital–Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark,*Correspondence: Kristian Steen Frederiksen,
| | - Camilla Steen Jensen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Center, Copenhagen University Hospital–Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Høgh
- Department of Neurology, Regional Dementia Research Centre, Zealand University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Regional Dementia Research Centre, Zealand University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Gunhild Waldemar
- Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Center, Copenhagen University Hospital–Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Bo Andersen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Center, Copenhagen University Hospital–Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Gottrup
- Dementia Clinic, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Lene Wermuth
- Department of Neurology, Dementia Clinic, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark,Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Helle Bach Søndergaard
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Copenhagen University Hospital–Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Finn Sellebjerg
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Copenhagen University Hospital–Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Steen Gregers Hasselbalch
- Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Center, Copenhagen University Hospital–Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja Hviid Simonsen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Center, Copenhagen University Hospital–Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Guo L, Yang X, Zhang Y, Xu X, Li Y. Effect of exercise on cognitive function and synaptic plasticity in Alzheimer's disease models: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:1077732. [PMID: 36704501 PMCID: PMC9872519 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1077732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cognitive decline is a central manifestation of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and its process is inseparable from changes in synaptic plasticity. The aim of this review was to summarize and evaluate the effectiveness of exercise on cognitive function and synaptic plasticity in AD animal models. Materials and methods Eligible studies were searched from PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from April to May 2022. The risk of bias was evaluated by Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE). The Morris water maze (MWM) test and synaptic plasticity were considered outcome measures. Data were analyzed using random-effects meta-analyses using the software Stata. Heterogeneity was examined by using I2 test. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias were also assessed. Results A total of 20 randomized controlled studies were eligible for study inclusion. Compared with controls, exercise decreased escape latency (SMD = -0.86, 95% CI: -1.21 to -0.50, P < 0.001), increased platform crossover numbers (SMD = 1.34, 95% CI: 0.57-2.11, P = 0.001) and time in the target quadrant (SMD = 1.65, 95% CI: 0.95-2.36, P < 0.001) and the expression of PSD95 (SMD = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.25-1.21, P = 0.003) in AD animals. The results of the subgroup analysis showed that exercise before AD had a greater effect on escape latency (SMD = -0.88, 95% CI: -1.25 to -0.52, P < 0.001), platform crossover numbers (SMD = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.23-2.18, P < 0.001), time in the target quadrant (SMD = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.19-2.87, P < 0.001) and the expression of PSD95 (SMD = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.19-1.69, P = 0.014) than exercise after AD. The results of the subgroup analysis also showed that treadmill running might be an appropriate exercise type. Conclusion Our findings suggested that exercise had a potential effect on improving cognitive function and synaptic plasticity. It can play a better neuroprotective role before AD. Systematic review registration PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42022328438.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Guo
- College of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinxin Yang
- College of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinyi Xu
- College of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China,Postdoctoral Research Station in Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China,*Correspondence: Xinyi Xu ✉
| | - Yan Li
- College of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China,Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China,Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Shijiazhuang, China,*Correspondence: Yan Li ✉
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Yu F, Han SY, Salisbury D, Pruzin JJ, Geda Y, Caselli RJ, Li D. Feasibility and preliminary effects of exercise interventions on plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease in the FIT-AD trial: a randomized pilot study in older adults with Alzheimer's dementia. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2022; 8:243. [PMID: 36461134 PMCID: PMC9716660 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-022-01200-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers have provided a unique opportunity to understand AD pathogenesis and monitor treatment responses. However, exercise trials show mixed effects on imagining and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of AD. The feasibility and effects of exercise on plasma biomarkers remain unknown. The primary objective of this study was to examine the feasibility of recruitment, retention, and blood sample collection in community-dwelling older adults with mild-to-moderate AD dementia. Secondarily, it estimated the preliminary effects of 6-month aerobic and stretching exercise on plasma amyloid-β42 and Aβ40 (Aβ42/40) ratio, phosphorylated tau (p-tau) 181, and total tau (t-tau). METHODS This pilot study was implemented in year 2 of the 2-parallel group FIT-AD trial that randomized 96 participants on a 2:1 allocation ratio to moderate-intensity cycling or low-intensity stretching for 20-50 min, 3 times/week for 6 months with 6-month follow-up. Investigators (except for the statistician) and data collectors were blinded to group assignment. Fasting blood samples were collected from 26 participants at baseline and 3 and 6 months. Plasma Aβ42, Aβ40, p-tau181, and t-tau were measured using Simoa™ assays. Data were analyzed using intention-to-treat, Cohen's d, and linear mixed models. RESULTSS The sample averaged 77.6±6.99 years old and 15.4±3.00 years of education with 65% being male and 96.2% being apolipoprotein epsilon 4 gene carriers. The recruitment rate was 76.5%. The retention rate was 100% at 3 months and 96.2% at 6 months. The rate of blood collection was 88.5% at 3 months and 96.2% at 6 months. Means (standard deviation) of within-group 6-month difference in the stretching and cycling group were 0.001 (0.012) and -0.001 (0.010) for Aβ42/40 ratio, 0.609 (1.417) pg/mL and 0.101(1.579) pg/mL for p-tau181, and -0.020 (0.279) pg/mL and -0.075 (0.215) pg/mL for t-tau. Effect sizes for within-group 6-month difference were observed for p-tau181 in stretching (d=0.43 [-0.33, 1.19]) and t-tau in cycling (-0.35 [-0.87, 0.17]). CONCLUSIONS Blood collections with fasting were well received by participants and feasible with high recruitment and retention rates. Plasma biomarkers of AD may be modifiable by exercise intervention. Important design considerations are provided for future Phase III trials. TRIALS REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01954550 and posted on October 1, 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yu
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - Seung Yong Han
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Dereck Salisbury
- Adult and Gerontological Health Cooperative, School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jeremy J Pruzin
- Department of Neurology, Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Yonas Geda
- Department of Neurology, and Franke Barrow Global Neuroscience Education Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Danni Li
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Chen B, Fu Y, Song G, Zhong W, Guo J. Research trends and hotspots of exercise for Alzheimer’s disease: A bibliometric analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:984705. [PMID: 36158544 PMCID: PMC9490271 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.984705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a socially significant neurodegenerative disorder among the elderly worldwide. An increasing number of studies have revealed that as a non-pharmacological intervention, exercise can prevent and treat AD. However, information regarding the research status of this field remains minimal. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze trends and topics in exercise and AD research by using a bibliometric method. Methods We systematically searched the Web of Science Core Collection for published papers on exercise and AD. The retrieved data regarding institutions, journals, countries, authors, journal distribution, and keywords were analyzed using CiteSpace software. Meanwhile, the co-occurrence of keywords was constructed. Results A total of 1,104 papers were ultimately included in accordance with our specified inclusion criteria. The data showed that the number of published papers on exercise and AD is increasing each year, with papers published in 64 countries/regions and 396 academic journals. The Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease published the most papers (73 publications). Journals are concentrated in the fields of neuroscience and geriatrics gerontology. The University of Kansas and the United States are the major institution and country, respectively. The cited keywords show that oxidative stress, amyloid beta, and physical exercise are the research hotspots in recent years. After analysis, the neuroprotective effect of exercise was identified as the development trend in this field. Conclusions Based on a bibliometric analysis, the number of publications on exercise and AD has been increasing rapidly, especially in the past 10 years. “Amyloid beta,” “oxidative stress,” and “exercise program” trigger the most interest among researchers in this field. The study of exercise program and mechanism of exercise in AD is still the focus of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binglin Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yujie Fu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ge Song
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiquan Zhong
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jiabao Guo
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiabao Guo,
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