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Saad-Naguib MH, Kenfack Y, Sherman LS, Chafitz OB, Morelli SS. Impaired receptivity of thin endometrium: therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1268990. [PMID: 38344687 PMCID: PMC10854221 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1268990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The endometrium is a resilient and highly dynamic tissue, undergoing cyclic renewal in preparation for embryo implantation. Cyclic endometrial regeneration depends on the intact function of several cell types, including parenchymal, endothelial, and immune cells, as well as adult stem cells that can arise from endometrial or extrauterine sources. The ability of the endometrium to undergo rapid, repeated regeneration without scarring is unique to this tissue. However, if this tissue renewal process is disrupted or dysfunctional, women may present clinically with infertility due to endometrial scarring or persistent atrophic/thin endometrium. Such disorders are rate-limiting in the treatment of female infertility and in the success of in vitro fertilization because of a dearth of treatment options specifically targeting the endometrium. A growing number of studies have explored the potential of adult stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), to treat women with disorders of endometrial regeneration. MSCs are multipotent adult stem cells with capacity to differentiate into cells such as adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts. In addition to their differentiation capacity, MSCs migrate toward injured sites where they secrete bioactive factors (e.g. cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, proteins and extracellular vesicles) to aid in tissue repair. These factors modulate biological processes critical for tissue regeneration, such as angiogenesis, cell migration and immunomodulation. The MSC secretome has therefore attracted significant attention for its therapeutic potential. In the uterus, studies utilizing rodent models and limited human trials have shown a potential benefit of MSCs and the MSC secretome in treatment of endometrial infertility. This review will explore the potential of MSCs to treat women with impaired endometrial receptivity due to a thin endometrium or endometrial scarring. We will provide context supporting leveraging MSCs for this purpose by including a review of mechanisms by which the MSC secretome promotes regeneration and repair of nonreproductive tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H. Saad-Naguib
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Health, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Yannick Kenfack
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Lauren S. Sherman
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Olivia B. Chafitz
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, United States
| | - Sara S. Morelli
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Health, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
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2
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Hua C, Liang Q, Chen S, Zhu J, Tang Y, Chen X, Song Y, van der Veen S, Cheng H. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell treatment alleviates symptoms in an atopic dermatitis-like mouse model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:147. [PMID: 37248497 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03365-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common immune and inflammatory skin disorders, leading to insufferable itching and skin abnormalities that seriously affect life quality of patients. There are still huge unmet needs for long-term and effective disease control, despite currently available therapies. Evidenced by some preclinical and clinical studies of AD treatment with stem cells, stem cell treatment could significantly and effectively ameliorate AD symptoms. OBJECTIVES To elucidate underlying mechanisms of how stem cells therapy alleviates AD-like symptoms. METHODS An AD-like mouse model was constructed and treated with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) subcutaneously or subcutaneously combined with intravenously. The differentially expressed genes were sorted out from RNA sequencing results of dorsal skin and blood. RESULTS Two injection routes of MSCs could alleviate AD-like symptoms and pathologic changes of the skin and immune organs. RNA sequencing of dorsal skin sections and blood provided gene expression signatures for amelioration of skin defects, inflammatory and immune modulation by MSCs, as well as common AD molecular markers for the skin and blood, which may benefit for clinical diagnosis. IL-1β and its signaling pathway were specifically found to be associated with the development of AD-like dermatitis lesions. MSC treatment effectively inhibited the JAK-STAT pathway and receptors of IL-4, IL-13, IL-17, and IgE. CONCLUSIONS MSC therapy could regulate abnormal immune and inflammatory status in AD. Mechanistic exploration will contribute to the development of personalized AD treatment based on MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunting Hua
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qichang Liang
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siji Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianzhen Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinjing Song
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Stijn van der Veen
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Microbiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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3
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Taechangam N, Kol A, Arzi B, Borjesson DL. Multipotent Stromal Cells and Viral Interaction: Current Implications for Therapy. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:214-227. [PMID: 34347271 PMCID: PMC8335712 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) are widely utilized in therapy for their immunomodulatory properties, but their usage in infectious viral diseases is less explored. This review aimed to collate the current novel use of MSCs in virus-associated conditions, including MSC's susceptibility to virus infection, antiviral properties of MSCs and their effects on cell-based immune response and implementation of MSC therapy in animal models and human clinical trials of viral diseases. Recent discoveries shed lights on MSC's capability in suppressing viral replication and augmenting clearance through enhancement of antiviral immunity. MSC therapy may maintain a crucial balance between aiding pathogen clearance and suppressing hyperactive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nopmanee Taechangam
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Amir Kol
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Boaz Arzi
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Dori L. Borjesson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA USA
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4
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Russell KA, Garbin LC, Wong JM, Koch TG. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as Potential Antimicrobial for Veterinary Use-A Comprehensive Review. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:606404. [PMID: 33335522 PMCID: PMC7736177 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.606404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of “superbugs” resistant to antimicrobial medications threatens populations both veterinary and human. The current crisis has come about from the widespread use of the limited number of antimicrobials available in the treatment of livestock, companion animal, and human patients. A different approach must be sought to find alternatives to or enhancements of present conventional antimicrobials. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have antimicrobial properties that may help solve this problem. In the first part of the review, we explore the various mechanisms at work across species that help explain how MSCs influence microbial survival. We then discuss the findings of recent equine, canine, and bovine studies examining MSC antimicrobial properties in which MSCs are found to have significant effects on a variety of bacterial species either alone or in combination with antibiotics. Finally, information on the influence that various antimicrobials may have on MSC function is reviewed. MSCs exert their effect directly through the secretion of various bioactive factors or indirectly through the recruitment and activation of host immune cells. MSCs may soon become a valuable tool for veterinarians treating antimicrobial resistant infections. However, a great deal of work remains for the development of optimal MSC production conditions and testing for efficacy on different indications and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Russell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Livia C Garbin
- Clinical Veterinary Sciences Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, West Indies
| | - Jonathan M Wong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas G Koch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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5
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Jiang D, Scharffetter-Kochanek K. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Adaptively Respond to Environmental Cues Thereby Improving Granulation Tissue Formation and Wound Healing. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:697. [PMID: 32850818 PMCID: PMC7403200 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulation tissue formation constitutes a key step during wound healing of the skin and other organs. Granulation tissue concomitantly initiates regenerative M2 macrophages polarization, fibroblast proliferation, myofibroblast differentiation with subsequent contraction of the wound, new vessel formation, and matrix deposition. Impaired granulation tissue formation either leads to delayed wound healing or excessive scar formation, conditions with high morbidity and mortality. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy is a promising strategy to ameliorate defects in granulation tissue formation and to successfully treat non-healing chronic wounds. In this review we give an updated overview of how therapeutically administered MSCs ensure a balanced granulation tissue formation, and furthermore discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the adaptive responses of MSCs to cue in their direct neighborhood. Improved understanding of the interplay between the exogenous MSCs and their niche in granulation tissue will foster the development of MSC-based therapies tailored for difficult-to-treat non-healing wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Jiang
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
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6
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Dong R, Liu Y, Yang Y, Wang H, Xu Y, Zhang Z. MSC-Derived Exosomes-Based Therapy for Peripheral Nerve Injury: A Novel Therapeutic Strategy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6458237. [PMID: 31531362 PMCID: PMC6719277 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6458237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although significant advances have been made in synthetic nerve conduits and surgical techniques, complete regeneration following peripheral nerve injury (PNI) remains far from optimized. The repair of PNI is a highly heterogeneous process involving changes in Schwann cell phenotypes, the activation of macrophages, and the reconstruction of the vascular network. At present, the efficacy of MSC-based therapeutic strategies for PNI can be attributed to paracrine secretion. Exosomes, as a product of paracrine secretion, are considered to be an important regulatory mediator. Furthermore, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can shuttle bioactive components (proteins, lipids, mRNA, miRNA, lncRNA, circRNA, and DNA) that participate in almost all of the abovementioned processes. Thus, MSC exosomes may represent a novel therapeutic tool for PNI. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of MSC exosomes related to peripheral nerve repair and provide insights for developing a cell-free MSC therapeutic strategy for PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China
| | - Yumei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China
| | - Yuxiang Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China
| | - Haojie Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China
| | - Yaolu Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China
| | - Ziqiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China
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7
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Xu S, Liu C, Ji H. Concise Review: Therapeutic Potential of the Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Secretome and Extracellular Vesicles for Radiation-Induced Lung Injury: Progress and Hypotheses. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:344-354. [PMID: 30618085 PMCID: PMC6431606 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is a common complication in radiotherapy of thoracic tumors and limits the therapeutic dose of radiation that can be given to effectively control tumors. RILI develops through a complex pathological process, resulting in induction and activation of various cytokines, infiltration by inflammatory cells, cytokine-induced activation of fibroblasts, and subsequent tissue remodeling by activated fibroblasts, ultimately leading to impaired lung function and respiratory failure. Increasing evidence shows that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may play a main role in modulating inflammation and immune responses, promoting survival and repair of damaged resident cells and enhancing regeneration of damaged tissue through soluble paracrine factors and therapeutic extracellular vesicles. Therefore, the use of the MSC-derived secretome and exosomes holds promising potential for RILI therapy. Here, we review recent progress on the potential mechanisms of MSC therapy for RILI, with an emphasis on soluble paracrine factors of MSCs. Hypotheses on how MSC derived exosomes or MSC-released exosomal miRNAs could attenuate RILI are also proposed. Problems and translational challenges of the therapies based on the MSC-derived secretome and exosomes are further summarized and underline the need for caution on rapid clinical translation. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:344-354.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siguang Xu
- Institute of Lung and Molecular TherapyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangHenanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Cong Liu
- Institute of Lung and Molecular TherapyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangHenanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Hong‐Long Ji
- Department of Cellular and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at TylerTylerTexasUSA
- Texas Lung Injury InstituteUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at TylerTylerTexasUSA
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8
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Toh WS, Zhang B, Lai RC, Lim SK. Immune regulatory targets of mesenchymal stromal cell exosomes/small extracellular vesicles in tissue regeneration. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:1419-1426. [PMID: 30352735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapies have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in a wide-ranging array of tissue injury and disease indications. An important aspect of MSC-mediated therapeutic activities is immune modulation. Consistent with the concentration of MSC therapeutic potency in its secretion, a significant proportion of MSC immune potency resides in the small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) secreted by MSCs. These sEVs, which also include exosomes, carry a large cargo enriched in proteins with potent immunomodulatory activities. They have been reported to exert potent effects on humoral and cellular components of the immune system in vitro and in vivo, and may have the potential to support the diametrically opposite pro- and anti-inflammatory functions necessary for tissue repair and regeneration following injury. Following injury, pro-inflammatory activities are necessary to neutralize injury and remove dead or injured tissue, while anti-inflammatory activities to facilitate migration and proliferation of reparative cell types and to increase vascularization and nutrient supply are necessary to repair and regenerate new tissue. Therefore, a critical immunomodulatory requisite of MSC sEVs in tissue regeneration is the capacity to support the appropriate immune activities at the appropriate time. Here, we review how some of the immune regulatory targets of MSC sEVs could support the dynamic immunomodulatory activities during tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Seong Toh
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Ruenn Chai Lai
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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9
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Consentius C, Mirenska A, Jurisch A, Reinke S, Scharm M, Zenclussen AC, Hennig C, Volk HD. In situ detection of CD73+ CD90+ CD105+ lineage: Mesenchymal stromal cells in human placenta and bone marrow specimens by chipcytometry. Cytometry A 2018; 93:889-893. [PMID: 30211969 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) support endogenous regeneration and present therefore promising opportunities for in situ tissue engineering. They can be isolated and expanded from various tissues, for example, bone marrow, adipose tissue, or placenta. The minimal consensus definition criteria of ex vivo expanded MSCs requires them to be positive for CD73, CD90, and CD105 expression, while being negative for CD34, CD45, CD14, CD19, and HLA-DR. This study aimed to compare the in situ phenotype of MSCs with that of their culture-expanded progeny. We report for the first time in situ detection of cells expressing this marker combination in human placenta cryosections as well as in bone marrow aspirates using multiplex-immunohistology (Chipcytometry), a technique that allows staining of more than 100 biomarkers consecutively on the same cell. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Consentius
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Anke Jurisch
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Reinke
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Scharm
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ana Claudia Zenclussen
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Medical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
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10
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Rameshwar P, Moore CA, Shah NN, Smith CP. An Update on the Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1842:3-27. [PMID: 30196398 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8697-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The seeming setbacks noted for stem cells underscore the need for experimental studies for safe and efficacious application to patients. Both clinical and experimental researchers have gained valuable knowledge on the characteristics of stem cells, and their behavior in different microenvironment. This introductory chapter focuses on adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) based on the predominance in the clinic. MSCs can be influenced by inflammatory mediators to exert immune suppressive properties, commonly referred to as "licensing." Interestingly, while there are questions if other stem cells can be delivered across allogeneic barrier, there is no question on the ability of MSCs to provide this benefit. This property has been a great advantage since MSCs could be available for immediate application as "off-the-shelf" stem cells for several disorders, tissue repair and gene/drug delivery. Despite the benefit of MSCs, it is imperative that research continues with the various types of stem cells. The method needed to isolate these cells is outlined in this book. In parallel, safety studies are needed; particularly links to oncogenic event. In summary, this introductory chapter discusses several potential areas that need to be addressed for safe and efficient delivery of stem cells, and argue for the incorporation of microenvironmental factors in the studies. The method described in this chapter could be extrapolated to the field of chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-T). This will require application to stem cell hierarchy of memory T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranela Rameshwar
- Department of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
| | - Caitlyn A Moore
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Niloy N Shah
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Caroline P Smith
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
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11
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Hwang SH, Lee W, Park SH, Lee HJ, Park SH, Lee DC, Lim MH, Back SA, Yun BG, Jeun JH, Lim JY, Kang JM, Kim SW. Evaluation of characteristic of human turbinate derived mesenchymal stem cells cultured in the serum free media. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186249. [PMID: 29049314 PMCID: PMC5648157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of serum-free and xeno-cultivation (SFXFM) on the characterization, proliferation, and differentiation properties of human nasal stem cells (airway tissue; hTMSCs). hTMSCs were isolated from 10 patients, after which patient samples were separated into two groups, an SFXFM group and a control group. The control group was treated with bovine serum-containing medium. FACS analysis revealed that SFXFM-cultured hTMSCs maintained a characteristic mesenchymal stem cell phenotype. hTMSC proliferation was not influenced by SFXFM. In addition, upregulation of IL-8 and GM-CSF and downregulation of RANTES expression were shown in response to SFXFM. Moreover, two-lineage differentiation properties (osteocyte and adipocyte) of hTMSCs were enhanced under SFXFM. Finally, the genetic stability of SFXFM-cultured hTMSCs was demonstrated by normal karyotype results. SFXFM enables good expansion, multipotentiality, and normal genotype maintenance of MSCs. Moreover, this approach serves as a substitute to conventional media for the cultivation of capable MSCs for upcoming medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hwan Hwang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - WeonSun Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hi Park
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Park
- Department of biomedical science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Chang Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Hyun Lim
- Department of biomedical science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang A. Back
- Department of biomedical science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byeong Gon Yun
- Department of biomedical science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Ho Jeun
- Department of biomedical science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Lim
- Department of biomedical science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Myung Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (SWK); (JMK)
| | - Sung Won Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (SWK); (JMK)
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12
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Abumaree MH, Abomaray FM, Alshabibi MA, AlAskar AS, Kalionis B. Immunomodulatory properties of human placental mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. Placenta 2017; 59:87-95. [PMID: 28411943 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are isolated from various fetal and adult tissues such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, cord blood and placenta. Placental MSCs (pMSCs), the main focus of this review, are relatively new MSC types that are not as intensively studied compared with bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMMSCs). MSCs modulate the immune functions of important immune cells involved in alloantigen recognition and elimination, including antigen presenting cells (APCs), T cells, B cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Clinical trials, both completed and underway, employ MSCs to treat various human immunological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and type 1 diabetes. However, the mechanisms that mediate the immunosuppressive effects of pMSCs are still largely unknown, and the safety of pMSC use in clinical settings needs further confirmation. Here, we review the current knowledge of the immunosuppressive properties of placental MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Abumaree
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Minstry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Mail Code 1515, Saudi Arabia; College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Minstry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh 11481, Mail Code 3124, Saudi Arabia.
| | - F M Abomaray
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M A Alshabibi
- National Center for Stem Cell Technology, Life Sciences and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - A S AlAskar
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Minstry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Mail Code 1515, Saudi Arabia
| | - B Kalionis
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Pregnancy Research Centre, University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
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Toh WS, Lai RC, Hui JHP, Lim SK. MSC exosome as a cell-free MSC therapy for cartilage regeneration: Implications for osteoarthritis treatment. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 67:56-64. [PMID: 27871993 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapies have demonstrated efficacy in cartilage repair in animal and clinical studies. The efficacy of MSC-based therapies which was previously predicated on the chondrogenic potential of MSC is increasingly attributed to the paracrine secretion, particularly exosomes. Exosomes are thought to function primarily as intercellular communication vehicles to transfer bioactive lipids, nucleic acids (mRNAs and microRNAs) and proteins between cells to elicit biological responses in recipient cells. For MSC exosomes, many of these biological responses translated to a therapeutic outcome in injured or diseased cells. Here, we review the current understanding of MSC exosomes, discuss the possible mechanisms of action in cartilage repair within the context of the widely reported immunomodulatory and regenerative potency of MSC exosomes, and provide new perspectives for development of an off-the-shelf and cell-free MSC therapy for treatment of cartilage injuries and osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Seong Toh
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Ruenn Chai Lai
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - James Hoi Po Hui
- Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cartilage Repair Program, Therapeutic Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Qian X, Xu C, Fang S, Zhao P, Wang Y, Liu H, Yuan W, Qi Z. Exosomal MicroRNAs Derived From Umbilical Mesenchymal Stem Cells Inhibit Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:1190-203. [PMID: 27496568 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED : Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a significant global public health problem, causing more than 350,000 deaths every year. Although the development of direct-acting antivirals has improved the sustained virological response rate in HCV patients, novel anti-HCV agents with higher efficacy as well as better tolerance and cheaper production costs are still urgently needed. Cell-based therapy, especially its unique and strong paracrine ability to transfer information to other cells via extracellular vesicles such as exosomes, has become one of the most popular therapeutic methods in recent years. In our study, exosomes secreted from umbilical mesenchymal stem cells (uMSCs), which are widely used in regenerative medicine, inhibited HCV infection in vitro, especially viral replication, with low cell toxicity. Our analysis revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) from uMSC-derived exosomes (uMSC-Exo) had their unique expression profiles, and these functional miRNAs, mainly represented by let-7f, miR-145, miR-199a, and miR-221 released from uMSC-Exo, largely contributed to the suppression of HCV RNA replication. These four miRNAs possessed binding sites in HCV RNA as demonstrated by the target prediction algorithm. In addition, uMSC-Exo therapy showed synergistic effect when combined with U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved interferon-α or telaprevir, enhancing their anti-HCV ability and thus improving the clinical significance of these regenerative substances for future application as optimal adjuvants of anti-HCV therapy. SIGNIFICANCE This work reported, for the first time, the identification of stem cell-derived exosomes of antiviral activity. Umbilical mesenchymal stem cell-secreted exosomes inhibited hepatitis C virus infection through transporting a mixture of microRNAs complementing the viral genomes to the host cells. This finding provides insights and prospects for physiologically secreted substances for antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijing Qian
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Fang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstruction, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- Research Center of Developmental Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Houqi Liu
- Research Center of Developmental Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongtian Qi
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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15
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Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Viral Infection. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:860950. [PMID: 26294919 PMCID: PMC4532961 DOI: 10.1155/2015/860950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) are a subset of nonhematopoietic adult stem cells, readily isolated from various tissues and easily culture-expanded ex vivo. Intensive studies of the immune modulation and tissue regeneration over the past few years have demonstrated the great potential of MSCs for the prevention and treatment of steroid-resistant acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), immune-related disorders, and viral diseases. In immunocompromised individuals, the immunomodulatory activities of MSCs have raised safety concerns regarding the greater risk of primary viral infection and viral reactivation, which is a major cause of mortality after allogeneic transplantation. Moreover, high susceptibilities of MSCs to viral infections in vitro could reflect the destructive outcomes that might impair the clinical efficacy of MSCs infusion. However, the interplay between MSCs and virus is like a double-edge sword, and it also provides beneficial effects such as allowing the proliferation and function of antiviral specific effector cells instead of suppressing them, serving as an ideal tool for study of viral pathogenesis, and protecting hosts against viral challenge by using the antimicrobial activity. Here, we therefore review favorable and unfavorable consequences of MSCs and virus interaction with the highlight of safety and efficacy for applying MSCs as cell therapy.
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Lai RC, Yeo RWY, Lim SK. Mesenchymal stem cell exosomes. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 40:82-8. [PMID: 25765629 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MSCs are an extensively used cell type in clinical trials today. The initial rationale for their clinical testing was based on their differentiation potential. However, the lack of correlation between functional improvement and cell engraftment or differentiation at the site of injury has led to the proposal that MSCs exert their effects not through their differentiation potential but through their secreted product, more specifically, exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicle. We propose here that MSC exosomes function as an extension of MSC's biological role as tissue stromal support cells. Like their cell source, MSC exosomes help maintain tissue homeostasis for optimal tissue function. They target housekeeping biological processes that operate ubiquitously in all tissues and are critical in maintaining tissue homeostasis, enabling cells to recover critical cellular functions and begin repair and regeneration. This hypothesis provides a rationale for the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs and their secreted exosomes in a wide spectrum of diseases. Here, we give a brief introduction of the biogenesis of MSC exosomes, review their physiological functions and highlight some of their biochemical potential to illustrate how MSC exosomes could restore tissue homeostasis leading to tissue recovery and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruenn Chai Lai
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Ronne Wee Yeh Yeo
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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17
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Zhang B, Yin Y, Lai RC, Lim SK. Immunotherapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles. Front Immunol 2014; 5:518. [PMID: 25374570 PMCID: PMC4205852 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle or EV is a term that encompasses all classes of secreted lipid membrane vesicles. Despite being scientific novelties, EVs are gaining importance as a mediator of important physiological and pathological intercellular activities possibly through the transfer of their cargo of protein and RNA between cells. In particular, exosomes, the currently best characterized EVs have been notable for their in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory activities. Exosomes are nanometer-sized endosome-derived vesicles secreted by many cell types and their immunomodulatory potential is independent of their cell source. Besides immune cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and T cells, cancer and stem cells also secrete immunologically active exosomes that could influence both physiological and pathological processes. The immunological activities of exosomes affect both innate and adaptive immunity and include antigen presentation, T cell activation, T cell polarization to regulatory T cells, immune suppression, and anti-inflammation. As such, exosomes carry much immunotherapeutic potential as a therapeutic agent and a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Exosome and Secreted Nano-vesicle Group, ASTAR Institute of Medical Biology , Singapore
| | - Yijun Yin
- Exosome and Secreted Nano-vesicle Group, ASTAR Institute of Medical Biology , Singapore
| | - Ruenn Chai Lai
- Exosome and Secreted Nano-vesicle Group, ASTAR Institute of Medical Biology , Singapore
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Exosome and Secreted Nano-vesicle Group, ASTAR Institute of Medical Biology , Singapore ; Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore
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Amorin B, Alegretti AP, Valim V, Pezzi A, Laureano AM, da Silva MAL, Wieck A, Silla L. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy and acute graft-versus-host disease: a review. Hum Cell 2014; 27:137-50. [PMID: 24903975 PMCID: PMC4186969 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-014-0095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being widely studied as potential cell therapy agents due to their immunomodulatory properties, which have been established by in vitro studies and in several clinical trials. Within this context, mesenchymal stem cell therapy appears to hold substantial promise, particularly in the treatment of conditions involving autoimmune and inflammatory components. Nevertheless, many research findings are still contradictory, mostly due to difficulties in characterization of the effects of MSCs in vivo. The purpose of this review is to report the mechanisms underlying mesenchymal stem cell therapy for acute graft-versus-host disease, particularly with respect to immunomodulation, migration, and homing, as well as report clinical applications described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Amorin
- Cell Therapy Center, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Alegretti
- Cell Therapy Center, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Vanessa Valim
- Cell Therapy Center, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Annelise Pezzi
- Cell Therapy Center, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Macedo Laureano
- Cell Therapy Center, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Lima da Silva
- Cell Therapy Center, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Andréa Wieck
- Cell Therapy Center, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Lucia Silla
- Cell Therapy Center, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Hematology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
- Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcellos, 2350, Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, CEP 90035-903 Brazil
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Calkoen FGJ, Vervat C, van Halteren AGS, Welters MJP, Veltrop-Duits LA, Lankester AC, Egeler RM, Ball LM, van Tol MJD. Mesenchymal stromal cell therapy is associated with increased adenovirus-associated but not cytomegalovirus-associated mortality in children with severe acute graft-versus-host disease. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:899-910. [PMID: 24904175 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Beneficial effects of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in patients with severe steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) have been reported. However, controversy exists about the effect of MSCs on virus-specific T cells. We evaluated 56 patients with grade II-IV aGvHD who responded to steroids (n = 21) or were steroid refractory receiving either MSCs (n = 22) or other second-line therapy (n = 13). Although the overall incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus, and human adenovirus (HAdV) infections was not significantly increased, HAdV infection was associated with decreased survival in children treated with MSCs. Thus, we investigated in vitro the effects of MSCs on virus-specific T cells. Both CMV-specific and, to a lesser extent, HAdV-specific T-cell activation and proliferation were negatively affected by MSCs either after induction of a response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or after restimulation of virus-specific T-cell lines. In patient-derived PBMCs, CMV-specific proliferative responses were greatly decreased on first-line treatment of aGvHD with systemic steroids and slowly recovered after MSC administration and tapering of steroids. HAdV-specific T-cell proliferation could not be detected. In contrast, the proportion of CMV- and HAdV-specific effector T cells, measured as interferon-γ-secreting cells, remained stable or increased after treatment with MSCs. In conclusion, although in vitro experimental conditions indicated a negative impact of MSCs on CMV- and HAdV-specific T-cell responses, no solid evidence was obtained to support such an effect of MSCs on T-cell responses in vivo. Still, the susceptibility of steroid-refractory severe aGvHD patients to viral reactivation warrants critical viral monitoring during randomized controlled trials on second-line treatment including MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friso G J Calkoen
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology Section, Hematology/Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, and Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Hematology/Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carly Vervat
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology Section, Hematology/Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, and Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Hematology/Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Astrid G S van Halteren
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology Section, Hematology/Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, and Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Hematology/Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marij J P Welters
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology Section, Hematology/Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, and Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Hematology/Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Louise A Veltrop-Duits
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology Section, Hematology/Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, and Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Hematology/Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arjan C Lankester
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology Section, Hematology/Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, and Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Hematology/Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Maarten Egeler
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology Section, Hematology/Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, and Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Hematology/Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lynne M Ball
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology Section, Hematology/Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, and Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Hematology/Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maarten J D van Tol
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology Section, Hematology/Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, and Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Hematology/Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Interaction with mesenchymal stem cells provokes natural killer cells for enhanced IL-12/IL-18-induced interferon-gamma secretion. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:143463. [PMID: 24876666 PMCID: PMC4021755 DOI: 10.1155/2014/143463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue injury induces an inflammatory response accompanied by the recruitment of immune cells and of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) that contribute to tissue regeneration. After stimulation with interleukin- (IL-) 12 and IL-18 natural killer (NK) cells secrete the proinflammatory cytokine interferon- (IFN-) γ. IFN-γ plays a crucial role in the defense against infections and modulates tissue regeneration. In consideration of close proximity of NK cells and MSC at the site of injury we investigated if MSC could influence the ability of NK-cells to produce IFN-γ. Coculture experiments were performed with bone marrow-derived human MSC and human NK cells. MSC enhanced the ability of IL-12/IL-18-stimulated NK cells to secrete IFN-γ in a dose-dependent manner. This activation of NK cells was dependent on cell-cell contact as well as on soluble factors. The increased IFN-γ secretion from NK cells after contact with MSC correlated with an increased level of intracellular IFN-γ. Alterations in the IL-12 signaling pathway including an increased expression of the IL-12β1 receptor subunit and an increased phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) could be observed. In conclusion, MSC enhance the IFN-γ release from NK cells which might improve the defense against infections at the site of injury but additionally might affect tissue regeneration.
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21
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Hannoush EJ, Elhassan I, Sifri ZC, Mohr AA, Alzate WD, Livingston DH. Role of bone marrow and mesenchymal stem cells in healing after traumatic injury. Surgery 2012; 153:44-51. [PMID: 22862904 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2012.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in healing of traumatic-induced injury remains poorly understood. Mesenteric lymph duct ligation (LDL) results in decreased BMDC mobilization and impaired healing. We hypothesized that LDL-mediated impaired healing would be abrogated by reinjection of BMDC or MSC. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to LDL + lung contusion (LC+LDL) with or without injection of BMDCs or MSCs. Unmanipulated control (UC) and lung contusion alone (LC) served as controls. BMDC and MSC homing was assessed by hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC [granulocyte-, erythrocyte-, monocyte-, and megakaryocyte colony-forming units; erythroid burst-forming units; and erythroid colony-forming units]) colony growth and immunofluorescent microscopic tracking of tagged MSC, respectively. Histologic lung injury score (LIS) was used to grade injury. Data are mean ± SD. *P < .05/Student t test. RESULTS Lung HPC growth was decreased in LC+LDL versus LC alone (HPC colonies: 2 ± 2, 4 ± 3, 4 ± 2 vs. 11 ± 2, 20 ± 6, 22 ± 9. *P < .05). LC+LDL had greater degree of lung injury on days 5 and 7 LC alone (LIS: 5 ± 1, 4 ± 1 vs. 3 ± 1, 1 ± 0.4. *P < .05). BMDC injection into rats with LC + LDL increased lung HPC growth to LC level (HPC colonies: 12 ± 2, 19 ± 5, 17 ± 4 vs 11 ± 2, 20 ± 6, 22 ± 9. P > .05). Injected MSCs into LC+LDL rats homed preferentially to contused versus noncontused lung (MSC/high-powered field: 6 ± 4 vs. 2 ± 2 *P < .05). Either BMDC or MSC injection into LC+LDL rats returned lung injury to LC level on day 7 (LIS: 1 ± 0.4 and 1 ± 1 vs. 1 ± 0.4. P > .05). CONCLUSION LDL-mediated impaired tissue healing is abrogated by either whole BMDC or MSC injection. This highlights the critical role of BMDC and MSC on healing of trauma-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Hannoush
- University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, 150 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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22
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Signore M, Cerio AM, Boe A, Pagliuca A, Zaottini V, Schiavoni I, Fedele G, Petti S, Navarra S, Ausiello CM, Pelosi E, Fatica A, Sorrentino A, Valtieri M. Identity and ranking of colonic mesenchymal stromal cells. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:3291-300. [PMID: 22170005 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although ongoing clinical trials utilize systemic administration of bone-marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) in Crohn's disease (CD), nothing is known about the presence and the function of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in the normal human bowel. MSCs are bone marrow (BM) multipotent cells supporting hematopoiesis with the potential to differentiate into multiple skeletal phenotypes. A recently identified new marker, CD146, allowing to prospectively isolate MSCs from BM, renders also possible their identification in different tissues. In order to elucidate the presence and functional role of MSCs in human bowel we analyzed normal adult colon sections and isolated MSCs from them. In colon (C) sections, resident MSCs form a net enveloping crypts in lamina propria, coinciding with structural myofibroblasts or interstitial stromal cells. Nine sub-clonal CD146(+) MSC lines were derived and characterized from colon biopsies, in addition to MSC lines from five other human tissues. In spite of a phenotype qualitative identity between the BM- and C-MSC populations, they were discriminated and categorized. Similarities between C-MSC and BM-MSCs are represented by: Osteogenic differentiation, hematopoietic supporting activity, immune-modulation, and surface-antigen qualitative expression. The differences between these populations are: C-MSCs mean intensity expression is lower for CD13, CD29, and CD49c surface-antigens, proliferative rate faster, life-span shorter, chondrogenic differentiation rare, and adipogenic differentiation completely blocked. Briefly, BM-MSCs, deserve the rank of progenitors, whereas C-MSCs belong to the restricted precursor hierarchy. The presence and functional role of MSCs in human colon provide a rationale for BM-MSC replacement therapy in CD, where resident bowel MSCs might be exhausted or diverted from their physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Signore
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Le Blanc K, Mougiakakos D. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells and the innate immune system. Nat Rev Immunol 2012; 12:383-96. [PMID: 22531326 DOI: 10.1038/nri3209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 704] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have unique immunoregulatory and regenerative properties that make them an attractive tool for the cellular treatment of autoimmunity and inflammation. Their underlying molecular mechanisms of action together with their clinical benefit - for example, in autoimmunity - are being revealed by an increasing number of clinical trials and preclinical studies of MSCs. However, autoimmunity and therapy-related alloimmunity are not only triggered and sustained by responses of the adaptive immune system; there is growing evidence that components of the innate immune system also have a key role. It is therefore important to study the crosstalk between MSCs and innate immunity, which ranges from the bone marrow niche to injured tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Le Blanc
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Haematology Centre, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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24
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Darlington PJ, Boivin MN, Bar-Or A. Harnessing the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells in multiple sclerosis. Expert Rev Neurother 2012; 11:1295-303. [PMID: 21864075 DOI: 10.1586/ern.11.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Phase I clinical trials exploring the use of autologous mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) have begun in a number of centers across the world. MS is a complex and chronic immune-mediated and neurodegenerative disease influenced by genetic susceptibility and environmental risk factors. The ideal treatment for MS would involve both attenuation of detrimental inflammatory responses, and induction of a degree of tissue protection/regeneration within the CNS. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that both human-derived and murine-derived MSCs are able to improve outcomes in the animal model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. How MSCs ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is being intensely investigated. One of the major mechanisms of action of MSC therapy is to inhibit various components of the immune system that contribute to tissue destruction. Emerging evidence now supports the idea that MSCs can access the CNS where they can provide protection against tissue damage, and may facilitate tissue regeneration through the production of growth factors. The prospect of cell-based therapy using MSCs has several advantages, including the relative ease with which they can be extracted from autologous bone marrow or adipose tissue and expanded in vitro to reach the purity and numbers required for transplantation, and the fact that MSC therapy has already been used in other human disease settings, such as graft-versus-host and cardiac disease, with initial reports indicating a good safety profile. This article will focus on the theoretical and practical issues relevant to considerations of MSC therapy in the context of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Darlington
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Abstract
Stem cells are considered as potential therapy for inflammatory disorders, tissue repair, and gene delivery, among others. The heterogeneity of a disease and the underlying disorder of a patient bring up the question on the method by which stem cells should be delivered. This summary discusses potential complex interactions among mediators at sites to tissue insults with stem cells. The chapter selects mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a model, although the discussion is relevant to all stem cells. The review examines how MSCs and their differentiated cells can develop cross communication with soluble factors and cells within the region of tissue damage. Inflammatory cytokines, IL-1, TNFα, and TGFβ are selected to explain how they can affect the responses of MSCs, while predisposing the stem cells to oncogenic event. By understanding the varied functions of MSCs, one will be able to intervene to form a balance in functions, ultimately to achieve safety and efficient application. Cytokines can affect the expression of pluripotent genes such as REST and Oct-4. REST is a critical gene in the decision of a cell to express or repress neural genes. Since cytokines can affect microRNAs, the review incorporates this family of molecules as mediators of cytokine effects. IFNγ, although an inflammatory mediator, is central to the expression of MHC-II on MSCs. Therefore, it is included to discuss its role in the transplantation of stem cells across allogeneic barrier. In summary, this chapter discusses several potential areas that need to be addressed for safe and efficient delivery of stem cells, and argue for the incorporation of microenvironmental factors in the studies.
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Flemming A, Schallmoser K, Strunk D, Stolk M, Volk HD, Seifert M. Immunomodulative Efficacy of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cultured in Human Platelet Lysate. J Clin Immunol 2011; 31:1143-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s10875-011-9581-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Impact of Enhanced Mobilization of Bone Marrow Derived Cells to Site of Injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 71:283-9; discussion 289-91. [DOI: 10.1097/ta.0b013e318222f380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Human but not murine multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial effector function mediated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Leukemia 2011; 25:648-54. [PMID: 21242993 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2010.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) exhibit multilineage differentiation potential, support hematopoiesis, and inhibit proliferation and effector function of various immune cells. On the basis of these properties, MSC are currently under clinical investigation in a range of therapeutic applications including tissue repair and immune-mediated disorders such as graft-versus-host-disease refractory to pharmacological immunosuppression. Although initial clinical results appear promising, there are significant concerns that application of MSC might inadvertently suppress antimicrobial immunity with an increased risk of infection. We demonstrate here that on stimulation with inflammatory cytokines human MSC exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial effector function directed against a range of clinically relevant bacteria, protozoal parasites and viruses. Moreover, we identify the tryptophan catabolizing enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) as the underlying molecular mechanism. We furthermore delineate significant differences between human and murine MSC in that murine MSC fail to express IDO and inhibit bacterial growth. Conversely, only murine but not human MSC express inducible nitric oxide synthase on cytokine stimulation thus challenging the validity of murine in vivo models for the preclinical evaluation of human MSC. Collectively, our data identify human MSC as a cellular immunosuppressant that concurrently exhibits potent antimicrobial effector function thus encouraging their further evaluation in clinical trials.
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Patel SA, Meyer JR, Greco SJ, Corcoran KE, Bryan M, Rameshwar P. Mesenchymal stem cells protect breast cancer cells through regulatory T cells: role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived TGF-beta. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:5885-94. [PMID: 20382885 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to support breast cancer growth. Because MSCs also increase the frequency of regulatory T cells (T(regs)), this study tested the hypothesis that human MSCs, via Tregs, protect breast cancer cells (BCCs) from immune clearance MSCs suppressed the proliferation of PBMCs when the latter were exposed to gamma-irradiated BCCs. Similarly, MSCs showed significant inhibition of PBMC migration toward BCCs and a corresponding decrease in CXCL12. MSCs also inhibited NK cell and CTL functions, which correlated with reduced numbers of CD8(+) and CD56(+) cells compared with parallel cultures without MSCs. The reduced NK and CTL activities correlated with a decrease in intracellular and secreted granzyme B. To explain these immunosuppressive findings, we compared T(reg) levels after coculture with MSCs and found an approximately 2-fold increase in T(regs), with associated decreases in antitumor Th1 cytokines and increases in Th2 cytokines. MSC-derived TGF-beta1 was largely responsible for the increase in T(regs) based on knockdown studies. In the presence of T(reg) depletion, PBMC proliferation and effector functions were partially restored. Together, these studies show an MSC-mediated increase in T(regs) in cocultures of PBMCs and BCCs. The results could be explained, in part, by the increase in Th2-type cytokines and MSC-generated TGF-beta1. These findings demonstrate immune protection by MSCs to BCCs. The reduction in immune cell proliferation and recruitment mediated by MSCs has implications for treatment of breast cancer with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam A Patel
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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31
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Modulation of bone marrow stromal cell functions in infectious diseases by toll-like receptor ligands. J Mol Med (Berl) 2009; 88:5-10. [PMID: 19756450 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-009-0523-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 08/11/2009] [Accepted: 08/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs, or as they are frequently referred to as mesenchymal stem cells) have been long known to support hematopoiesis and to regenerate bone, cartilage, and adipose tissue. In the last decade, however, a vast amount of data surfaced in the literature to suggest new roles for these cells including tissue regeneration and immunomodulation. A great number of review articles appeared that summarize these new data and focus on different aspects of the physiology of these cells. In this present short review, we will try to summarize the available data based on both mouse and human cells describing how the function of BMSCs might be affected by an infectious environment. These data strongly support the idea that different toll-like receptor ligands can lead to substantial changes in the function of BMSCs that affect their proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and their production and release of immunomodulatory factors.
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32
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Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells directly suppress ongoing immune responses. Through production of toleragenic cytokines, inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation, delivery of reparative and protective signals after reperfusion injury, and facilitation of hematopoietic chimerism, these cells demonstrate a wide-ranging potential for the development of multifaceted toleragenic strategies after transplantation.
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33
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Nasef A, Ashammakhi N, Fouillard L. Immunomodulatory effect of mesenchymal stromal cells: possible mechanisms. Regen Med 2008; 3:531-46. [DOI: 10.2217/17460751.3.4.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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34
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Castillo MD, Trzaska KA, Greco SJ, Ponzio NM, Rameshwar P. Immunostimulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived neurons: implications for stem cell therapy in allogeneic transplantations. Clin Transl Sci 2008; 1:27-34. [PMID: 20443815 PMCID: PMC5439574 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2008.00018.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiate along various lineages to specialized mesodermal cells and also transdifferentiate into cells such as ectodermal neurons. MSCs are among the leading adult stem cells for application in regenerative medicine. Advantages include their immune-suppressive properties and reduced ethical concerns. MSCs also show immune-enhancing functions. Major histocompatibility complex II (MHC-II) is expected to be downregulated in MSCs during neurogenesis. Ideally, "off the shelf" MSCs would be suited for rapid delivery into patients. The question is whether these MSC-derived neurons can reexpress MHC-II in a milieu of inflammation. Western analyses demonstrated gradual decrease in MHC-II during neurogenesis, which correlated with the expression of nuclear CIITA, the master regulator of MHC-II expression. MHC-II expression was reversed by exogenous IFNY. One-way mixed lymphocyte reaction with partly differentiated neurons showed a stimulatory effect, which was partly explained by the release of the proinflammatory neurotransmitter substance P (SP), cytokines, and decreases in miR-130a and miR-206. The anti-inflammatory neurotransmitters VIP and CGRP were decreased at the peak time of immune stimulation. In summary, MSC-derived neurons show decreased MHC-II expression, which could be reexpressed by IFNY. The release of neurotransmitters could be involved in initiating inflammation, underscoring the relevance of immune responses as consideration for stem cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne D Castillo
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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35
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Mesenchymal stem cells exert differential effects on alloantigen and virus-specific T-cell responses. Blood 2008; 112:532-41. [PMID: 18445691 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-10-119370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) suppress alloantigen-induced T-cell functions in vitro and infusion of third-party MSCs seems to be a promising therapy for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Little is known about the specificity of immunosuppression by MSCs, in particular the effect on immunity to pathogens. We have studied how MSCs affect T-cell responses specific to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). We found that EBV- and CMV-induced proliferation and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was less affected by third-party MSCs than the response to alloantigen and that MSCs had no effect on expansion of EBV and CMV pentamer-specific T cells. Established EBV-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTL) or CMV-CTL cultured with MSCs retained the ability to proliferate and produce IFN-gamma in response to their cognate antigen and to kill virally infected targets. Finally, PBMCs from 2 patients who received MSCs for acute GVHD showed persistence of CMV-specific T cells and retained IFN-gamma response to CMV after MSC infusion. In summary, MSCs have little effect on T-cell responses to EBV and CMV, which contrasts to their strong immunosuppressive effects on alloreactive T cells. These data have major implications for immunotherapy of GVHD with MSCs and suggest that the effector functions of virus-specific T cells may be retained after MSC infusion.
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36
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Morandi F, Raffaghello L, Bianchi G, Meloni F, Salis A, Millo E, Ferrone S, Barnaba V, Pistoia V. Immunogenicity of human mesenchymal stem cells in HLA-class I-restricted T-cell responses against viral or tumor-associated antigens. Stem Cells 2008; 26:1275-87. [PMID: 18292209 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2007-0878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are immunosuppressive and poorly immunogenic but may act as antigen-presenting cells (APC) for CD4(+) T-cell responses; here we have investigated their ability to serve as APC for in vitro CD8(+) T-cell responses. MSC pulsed with peptides from viral antigens evoked interferon (IFN)-gamma and Granzyme B secretion in specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and were lysed, although with low efficiency. MSC transfected with tumor mRNA or infected with a viral vector carrying the Hepatitis C virus NS3Ag gene induced cytokine release but were not killed by specific CTL, even following pretreatment with IFN-gamma. To investigate the mechanisms involved in MSC resistance to CTL-mediated lysis, we analyzed expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I-related antigen-processing machinery (APM) components and of immunosuppressive HLA-G molecules in MSC. The LMP7, LMP10, and ERp57 components were not expressed and the MB-1 and zeta molecules were downregulated in MSC either unmanipulated or pretreated with IFN-gamma. Surface HLA-G was constitutively expressed on MSC but was not involved in their protection from CTL-mediated lysis. MSC supernatants containing soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) inhibited CTL-mediated lysis, whereas those lacking sHLA-G did not. The role of sHLA-G in such inhibition was unambiguously demonstrated by partial restoration of lysis following sHLA-G depletion from MSC supernatants. In conclusion, human MSC can process and present HLA class I-restricted viral or tumor antigens to specific CTL with a limited efficiency, likely because of some defects in APM components. However, they are protected from CTL-mediated lysis through a mechanism that is partly sHLA-G-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Morandi
- Laboratory of Oncology, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy.
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37
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Tang KC, Trzaska KA, Smirnov SV, Kotenko SV, Schwander SK, Ellner JJ, Rameshwar P. Down-regulation of MHC II in mesenchymal stem cells at high IFN-gamma can be partly explained by cytoplasmic retention of CIITA. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2008; 180:1826-33. [PMID: 18209080 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.3.1826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are located in postnatal bone marrow, show plasticity, are linked to various bone marrow disorders, exhibit phagocytosis, exert Ag-presenting properties (APC), and are immune suppressive. Unlike professional APCs, MSCs respond bimodally to IFN-gamma in MHC-II expression, with expression at 10 U/ml and baseline, and down-regulation at 100 U/ml. The effects at high IFN-gamma could not be explained by down-regulation of its receptor, IFN-gammaRI. In this study, we report on the mechanisms by which IFN-gamma regulates MHC-II expression in MSCs. Gel shift assay and Western blot analyses showed dose-dependent increases in activated STAT-1, indicating responsiveness by IFN-gammaRI. Western blots showed decreased intracellular MHC-II, which could not be explained by decreased transcription of the master regulator CIITA, based on RT-PCR and in situ immunofluorescence. Reporter gene assays with PIII and PIV CIITA promoters indicate constitutive expression of PIII in MSCs and a switch to PIV by IFN-gamma, indicating the presence of factors for effect promoter responses. We explained decreased MHC-II at the level of transcription because CIITA protein was observed in the cytosol and not in nuclei at high IFN-gamma level. The proline/serine/threonine region of CIITA showed significant decrease in phosphorylation at high IFN-gamma levels. An understanding of the bimodal effects could provide insights on bone marrow homeostasis, which could be extrapolated to MSC dysfunction in hematological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C Tang
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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38
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Greco SJ, Zhou C, Ye JH, Rameshwar P. An Interdisciplinary Approach and Characterization of Neuronal Cells Transdifferentiated from Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2007; 16:811-26. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2007.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Greco
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New Jersey Medical School–UMDNJ, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Chunyi Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School–UMDNJ, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Jiang-Hong Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School–UMDNJ, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Pranela Rameshwar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School–UMDNJ, Newark, NJ 07103
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39
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Gieseke F, Schütt B, Viebahn S, Koscielniak E, Friedrich W, Handgretinger R, Müller I. Human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells inhibit proliferation of PBMCs independently of IFNgammaR1 signaling and IDO expression. Blood 2007; 110:2197-200. [PMID: 17522338 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-04-083162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) inhibit proliferation, helper, and effector functions in most if not all peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) subpopulations in vitro. The molecular mechanism is widely thought to imply tryptophan degradation by the interferon-gamma (IFNgamma)-induced expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). However, IDO inhibitors were not able to restore proliferation of PBMCs in each case. Moreover, human MSCs with an IFNgamma receptor 1 (R1) defect inhibited proliferation of HLA-mismatched PBMCs to a similar extent as control MSCs. In contrast to healthy MSCs, IFNgammaR1-deficient MSCs showed no detectable mRNA for IDO-neither in the absence nor in the presence of recombinant human IFNgamma, nor in coculture with HLA-mismatched PBMCs. Based on gene expression profiling, we were able to show that insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding proteins contribute to the inhibitory mechanism of MSCs. Taken together, human MSCs exert important immunomodulatory functions in the absence of IFNgammaR1 signaling and IDO, partially accounted for by IGF-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Gieseke
- University Children's Hospital, Department of General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Tübingen, Germany
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40
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Bourdeau A, Dubé N, Heinonen KM, Théberge JF, Doody KM, Tremblay ML. TC-PTP-deficient bone marrow stromal cells fail to support normal B lymphopoiesis due to abnormal secretion of interferon-{gamma}. Blood 2007; 109:4220-8. [PMID: 17234741 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-08-044370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP) is a negative regulator of the Jak/Stat cytokine signaling pathway. Our study shows that the absence of TC-PTP leads to an early bone marrow B-cell deficiency characterized by hindered transition from the pre-B cell to immature B-cell stage. This phenotype is intrinsic to the B cells but most importantly due to bone marrow stroma abnormalities. We found that bone marrow stromal cells from TC-PTP(-/-) mice have the unique property of secreting 232-890 pg/mL IFN-gamma. These high levels of IFN-gamma result in 2-fold reduction in mitotic index on IL-7 stimulation of TC-PTP(-/-) pre-B cells and lower responsiveness of IL-7 receptor downstream Jak/Stat signaling molecules. Moreover, we noted constitutive phosphorylation of Stat1 in those pre-B cells and demonstrated that this was due to soluble IFN-gamma secreted by TC-PTP(-/-) bone marrow stromal cells. Interestingly, culturing murine early pre-B leukemic cells within a TC-PTP-deficient bone marrow stroma environment leads to a 40% increase in apoptosis in these malignant cells. Our results unraveled a new role for TC-PTP in normal B lymphopoiesis and suggest that modulation of bone marrow microenvironment is a potential therapeutic approach for selected B-cell leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Bourdeau
- McGill Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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41
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Nasef A, Chapel A, Mazurier C, Bouchet S, Lopez M, Mathieu N, Sensebé L, Zhang Y, Gorin NC, Thierry D, Fouillard L. Identification of IL-10 and TGF-beta transcripts involved in the inhibition of T-lymphocyte proliferation during cell contact with human mesenchymal stem cells. Gene Expr 2007; 13:217-26. [PMID: 17605296 PMCID: PMC6032462 DOI: 10.3727/000000006780666957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) inhibit the response of allogeneic T lymphocytes in culture. Because the mechanisms of this effect may differ according to the existence of cell contact, we investigated the differences in gene expression of inhibitory molecules during MSC-T lymphocyte coculture when cell contact does and does not occur. Human MSC and T lymphocytes were cultured together in standard and transwell cultures. MSC gene expression was analyzed by semiquantitative real-time RT-PCR. MSC elicited a high dose-dependent inhibition of T lymphocytes in cultures with cell contact, but inhibition occurred even without cell contact. In both cases, we observed significant upregulation of IDO, LIF, and HLA-G, along with downregulation of HGF and SDF1. In cultures with cell contact, IL-10 and TGF-beta transcripts were expressed in a significantly higher level than in cultures without this contact. Furthermore, in the latter, the increased inhibition of T-cell proliferation was positively correlated with IDO gene expression and negatively correlated with SDF1 gene expression. MSC appear to induce T-cell tolerance by two distinct mechanisms. The first of these, which does not require cell contact, induces expression of the tolerogenic genes IDO, LIF, and HLA-G. The second mechanism, which is contact dependent, modulates IL-10 and TGF-beta gene expression. These two mechanisms probably play separate roles in MSC-induced tolerance in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Nasef
- EA 1638 Laboratoire de Thérapie Cellulaire et Radioprotection Accidentelle, Faculté de médecine Saint Antoine, Université Paris VI, Paris, France
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42
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Our understanding of the biology and properties of mesenchymal stem cells or multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells has expanded dramatically over the last 3 years and is likely to have an impact on clinical practice in the near future, making a review of this topic both timely and relevant RECENT FINDINGS Recommendations regarding nomenclature and the definition of mesenchymal stromal cells have been proposed, a rapidly dividing population within the mesenchymal stromal cell compartment has been better defined and the ability of these cells to exhibit characteristics of cells from a variety of lineages has been extended. The notion that tissue repair with mesenchymal stromal cells is related to transdifferentiation has been re-evaluated and, for the myocardium at least, may be due rather to a paracrine mechanism. The most dramatic developments have been in identifying some of the complex mechanisms underlying the immunosuppressive and nonimmunogenic properties of mesenchymal stromal cells which have important implications for the management of conditions like acute graft-versus-host disease. SUMMARY Mesenchymal stromal cells are a biologically important cell population that are able to support hematopoiesis, can differentiate along mesenchymal and nonmesenchymal lineages in vitro, are capable of suppressing alloresponses and appear to be nonimmunogenic. These properties suggest emerging roles for mesenchymal stromal cells in cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armand Keating
- Princess Margaret Hospital/Ontario Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.
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43
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Rasmusson I. Immune modulation by mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2006; 312:2169-79. [PMID: 16631737 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2006] [Revised: 03/22/2006] [Accepted: 03/23/2006] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to suppress activation of T cells both in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, this may be a way for the body to maintain homeostasis and inhibit immune activation in distinct compartments, such as the bone marrow and the interface between mother and fetus. MSCs modulate the immune function of the major cell populations involved in alloantigen recognition and elimination, including antigen presenting cells, T cells, and natural killer cells. The molecular mechanism that mediates the immunosuppressive effect of MSCs is not completely understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Rasmusson
- Division of Clinical Immunology F79, Huddinge University Hospital, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
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44
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Chan JL, Tang KC, Patel AP, Bonilla LM, Pierobon N, Ponzio NM, Rameshwar P. Antigen-presenting property of mesenchymal stem cells occurs during a narrow window at low levels of interferon-gamma. Blood 2006; 107:4817-24. [PMID: 16493000 PMCID: PMC1895812 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-01-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are mostly found around the vasculature system of the adult bone marrow (BM). They function as immune suppressors, express MHC-II, are phagocytic, and support T-cell cytotoxicity. We hypothesize that these contradictory properties of MSCs are important for BM homeostasis and occur partly through antigen presentation (antigen-presenting cells [APCs]) within a narrow window. Indeed, we have verified APC functions of MSCs to recall antigens, Candida albicans and Tetanus toxoid. The target cells have been identified to be CD4(+) T cells. APC assays with IFNgamma-knockdown MSCs and with anti-IFNgamma receptor confirmed that MHC-II expression requires autocrine stimulation by IFNgamma. During APC functions, as IFNgamma levels become elevated, there was a concomitant decrease in MHC-II on MSCs. This observation was correlated with flow cytometry studies showing a gradual decrease in MHC-II expression as IFNgamma levels were increased. The reduced levels of MHC-II correlated with losses in their allogeneic potential, as indicated in mixed lymphocyte reaction. In summary, endogenous and low levels of IFNgamma are required for MHC-II expression on MSCs, and for APC functions. APC functions occur during a narrow window before IFNgamma levels are increased. The study has implications for BM protection against infection and exacerbated inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Chan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School-University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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