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Bhowmick K, von Suskil M, Al-Odat OS, Elbezanti WO, Jonnalagadda SC, Budak-Alpdogan T, Pandey MK. Pathways to therapy resistance: The sheltering effect of the bone marrow microenvironment to multiple myeloma cells. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33091. [PMID: 39021902 PMCID: PMC11252793 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a malignant expansion of plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM), resulting in a disease characterized by symptoms of end organ damage from light chain secretion, crowding of the BM, and bone lesions. Although the past two decades have been characterized by numerous novel therapies emerging, the disease remains incurable due to intrinsic or acquired drug resistance. A major player in MM's drug resistance arises from its intimate relationship with the BM microenvironment (BMME). Through stress-inducing conditions, soluble messengers, and physical adhesion to BM elements, the BMME activates numerous pathways in the myeloma cell. This not only propagates myeloma progression through survival and growth signals, but also specific mechanisms to circumvent therapeutic actions. In this review, we provide an overview of the BMME, the role of individual components in MM survival, and various therapy-specific resistance mechanisms reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Bhowmick
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Max von Suskil
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Omar S. Al-Odat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Weam Othman Elbezanti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
- Department of Hematology, MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Subash C. Jonnalagadda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Tulin Budak-Alpdogan
- Department of Hematology, MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Manoj K. Pandey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
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Mansour MA, AboulMagd AM, Abbas SH, Abdel-Aziz M, Abdel-Rahman HM. Quinazoline-chalcone hybrids as HDAC/EGFR dual inhibitors: Design, synthesis, mechanistic, and in-silico studies of potential anticancer activity against multiple myeloma. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300626. [PMID: 38297894 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Two new series of quinazoline-chalcone hybrids were designed, synthesized as histone deacetylase (HDAC)/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) dual inhibitors, and screened in vitro against the NCI 60 human cancer cell line panel. The most potent derivative, compound 5e bearing a 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl chalcone moiety, showed the most effective growth inhibition value against the panel of NCI 60 human cancer cell lines. Thus, it was selected for further investigation for NCI 5 log doses. Interestingly, this trimethoxy-substituted analog inhibited the proliferation of Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI)-8226 cells by 96%, at 10 µM with IC50 = 9.09 ± 0.34 µM and selectivity index = 7.19 against normal blood cells. To confirm the selectivity of this compound, it was evaluated against a panel of tyrosine kinase enzymes. Mechanistically, it successfully and selectively inhibited HDAC6, HDAC8, and EGFR with IC50 = 0.41 ± 0.015, 0.61 ± 0.027, and 0.09 ± 0.004 µM, respectively. Furthermore, the selected derivative induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by raising the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and activating caspases 3, 7, and 9. Also, the flow cytometry analysis of RPMI-8226 cells showed that the trimethoxy-substituted analog produced cell cycle arrest in the G1 and S phases at 55.82%. Finally, an in silico study was performed to explore the binding interaction of the most active compound within the zinc-containing binding site of HDAC6 and HDAC8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A Mansour
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University in Beni-Suef (NUB), Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M AboulMagd
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University in Beni-Suef (NUB), Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Samar H Abbas
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Aziz
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Hamdy M Abdel-Rahman
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Assiut (BUA), Assiut, Egypt
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Pinto AF, Nunes JS, Severino Martins JE, Leal AC, Silva CCVC, da Silva AJFS, da Cruz Olímpio DS, da Silva ETN, Campos TA, Lima Leite AC. Thiazole, Isatin and Phthalimide Derivatives Tested in vivo against Cancer Models: A Literature Review of the Last Six Years. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2991-3032. [PMID: 37170994 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230426154055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a disease characterized by the abnormal multiplication of cells and is the second leading cause of death in the world. The search for new effective and safe anticancer compounds is ongoing due to factors such as low selectivity, high toxicity, and multidrug resistance. Thus, heterocyclic compounds derived from isatin, thiazole and phthalimide that have achieved promising in vitro anticancer activity have been tested in vivo and in clinical trials. OBJECTIVE This review focused on the compilation of promising data from thiazole, isatin, and phthalimide derivatives, reported in the literature between 2015 and 2022, with in vivo anticancer activity and clinical trials. METHODS A bibliographic search was carried out in the PUBMED, MEDLINE, ELSEVIER, and CAPES PERIODIC databases, selecting relevant works for each pharmacophoric group with in vivo antitumor activity in the last 6 years. RESULTS In our study, 68 articles that fit the scope were selected and critically analyzed. These articles were organized considering the type of antitumor activity and their year of publication. Some compounds reported here demonstrated potent antitumor activity against several tumor types. CONCLUSION This review allowed us to highlight works that reported promising structures for the treatment of various cancer types and also demonstrated that the privileged structures thiazole, isatin and phthalimide are important in the design of new syntheses and molecular optimization of compounds with antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Ferreira Pinto
- Laboratory of Planning in Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Janine Siqueira Nunes
- Laboratory of Planning in Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Severino Martins
- Regulatory Affairs Advisory, Empresa Brasileira de Hemoderivados e Biotecnologia (HEMOBRAS), CEP 51021-410, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Amanda Calazans Leal
- Laboratory of Planning in Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Carla Cauanny Vieira Costa Silva
- Laboratory of Planning in Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Anderson José Firmino Santos da Silva
- Laboratory of Planning in Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Daiane Santiago da Cruz Olímpio
- Laboratory of Planning in Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Elineide Tayse Noberto da Silva
- Laboratory of Planning in Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Thiers Araújo Campos
- Laboratory of Planning in Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Laboratory of Planning in Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Elbezanti WO, Al-Odat OS, Chitren R, Singh JK, Srivastava SK, Gowda K, Amin S, Robertson GP, Nemmara VV, Jonnalagadda SC, Budak-Alpdogan T, Pandey MK. Development of a novel Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor that exerts anti-cancer activities potentiates response of chemotherapeutic agents in multiple myeloma stem cell-like cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:894535. [PMID: 36160379 PMCID: PMC9500300 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.894535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent improvements in multiple myeloma (MM) treatment, MM remains an incurable disease and most patients experience a relapse. The major reason for myeloma recurrence is the persistent stem cell-like population. It has been demonstrated that overexpression of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) in MM stem cell-like cells is correlated with drug resistance and poor prognosis. We have developed a novel small BTK inhibitor, KS151, which is unique compared to other BTK inhibitors. Unlike ibrutinib, and the other BTK inhibitors such as acalabrutinib, orelabrutinib, and zanubrutinib that covalently bind to the C481 residue in the BTK kinase domain, KS151 can inhibit BTK activities without binding to C481. This feature of KS151 is important because C481 becomes mutated in many patients and causes drug resistance. We demonstrated that KS151 inhibits in vitro BTK kinase activities and is more potent than ibrutinib. Furthermore, by performing a semi-quantitative, sandwich-based array for 71-tyrosine kinase phosphorylation, we found that KS151 specifically inhibits BTK. Our western blotting data showed that KS151 inhibits BTK signaling pathways and is effective against bortezomib-resistant cells as well as MM stem cell-like cells. Moreover, KS151 potentiates the apoptotic response of bortezomib, lenalidomide, and panobinostat in both MM and stem cell-like cells. Interestingly, KS151 inhibits stemness markers and is efficient in inhibiting Nanog and Gli1 stemness markers even when MM cells were co-cultured with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Overall, our results show that we have developed a novel BTK inhibitor effective against the stem cell-like population, and potentiates the response of chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weam Othman Elbezanti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States,Department of Hematology, MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper, Cooper Health University, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Omar S. Al-Odat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, United States
| | - Robert Chitren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, United States
| | | | | | - Krishne Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Shantu Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Gavin P. Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Venkatesh V. Nemmara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, United States
| | - Subash C. Jonnalagadda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, United States
| | - Tulin Budak-Alpdogan
- Department of Hematology, MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper, Cooper Health University, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Manoj K. Pandey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States,*Correspondence: Manoj K. Pandey,
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5
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Sun SL, Wu SH, Kang JB, Ma YY, Chen L, Cao P, Chang L, Ding N, Xue X, Li NG, Shi ZH. Medicinal Chemistry Strategies for the Development of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors against Resistance. J Med Chem 2022; 65:7415-7437. [PMID: 35594541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant efficacy, one of the major limitations of small-molecule Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) agents is the presence of clinically acquired resistance, which remains a major clinical challenge. This Perspective focuses on medicinal chemistry strategies for the development of BTK small-molecule inhibitors against resistance, including the structure-based design of BTK inhibitors targeting point mutations, e.g., (i) developing noncovalent inhibitors from covalent inhibitors, (ii) avoiding steric hindrance from mutated residues, (iii) making interactions with the mutated residue, (iv) modifying the solvent-accessible region, and (v) developing new scaffolds. Additionally, a comparative analysis of multi-inhibitions of BTK is presented based on cross-comparisons between 2916 unique BTK ligands and 283 other kinases that cover 7108 dual/multiple inhibitions. Finally, targeting the BTK allosteric site and uding proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) as two potential strategies are addressed briefly, while also illustrating the possibilities and challenges to find novel ligands of BTK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Liang Sun
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shi-Han Wu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ji-Bo Kang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi-Yuan Ma
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lu Chen
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peng Cao
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Liang Chang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ning Ding
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xin Xue
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Nian-Guang Li
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Shi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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6
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Ran F, Liu Y, Xu Z, Meng C, Yang D, Qian J, Deng X, Zhang Y, Ling Y. Recent development of BTK-based dual inhibitors in the treatment of cancers. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 233:114232. [PMID: 35247756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a promising target in the treatment of various cancers. Despite the early success of BTK inhibitors in the clinic, these single-target drug therapies have limitations in their clinical applications, such as drug resistance. Several alternative strategies have been developed, including the use of dual inhibitors, to maximize the therapeutic potential of anticancer drugs. In this review, we highlight the scientific background and theoretical basis for developing BTK-based dual inhibitors, as well as the status of these agents in preclinical and clinical studies, and discuss further options in this field. We posit that these advances in BTK-based dual inhibitors confirm their feasibility for the treatment of refractory tumors, including those with drug resistance, and provide a framework for future drug design in this field. Accordingly, we anticipate increasingly rapid progress in the development of novel potent dual inhibitors and advanced clinical research on BTK-based dual inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fansheng Ran
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yun Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Zhongyuan Xu
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Chi Meng
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Dezhi Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Jianqiang Qian
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xuexian Deng
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Yong Ling
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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He Y, Jiang D, Zhang K, Zhu Y, Zhang J, Wu X, Xia J, Zhu Y, Zou L, Hu J, Cui Y, Zhou W, Chen F. Chidamide, a subtype-selective histone deacetylase inhibitor, enhances Bortezomib effects in multiple myeloma therapy. J Cancer 2021; 12:6198-6208. [PMID: 34539893 PMCID: PMC8425211 DOI: 10.7150/jca.61602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is the major cause for disease relapse and patient death in multiple myeloma (MM). It is an urgent need to develop new therapies to overcome drug resistance in MM. Chidamide (CHI), a novel oral HDAC inhibitor targeting HDAC1, 2, 3 and 10, has shown potential therapeutic effect in MM. In this study, we determined that CHI exhibited significant anti-tumor effect on MM cells both in vitro and in vivo, which was positively correlated with the expression of HDAC1. Meanwhile, CHI enhanced Bortezomib (BTZ) effects synergistically in MM cells and a combination of CHI with BTZ induced myeloma cell apoptosis and G0/G1 arrest in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the synergistic anti-tumor effect of CHI and BTZ was related with the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) dependent DNA damage and the changes of cell apoptosis and cycle pathways. Our data indicate that CHI may be a suitable drug to sensitize BTZ in MM cells, which provides novel insight into the therapy for MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjuan He
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Duanfeng Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kaixuan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yinghong Zhu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiliang Xia
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lang Zou
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yajuan Cui
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fangping Chen
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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8
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Zheng TJ, Lofurno ER, Melrose AR, Lakshmanan HHS, Pang J, Phillips KG, Fallon ME, Kohs TCL, Ngo ATP, Shatzel JJ, Hinds MT, McCarty OJT, Aslan JE. Assessment of the effects of Syk and BTK inhibitors on GPVI-mediated platelet signaling and function. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C902-C915. [PMID: 33689480 PMCID: PMC8163578 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00296.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) play critical roles in platelet physiology, facilitating intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-mediated signaling downstream of platelet glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and GPIIb/IIIa receptors. Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting Syk and BTK have been developed as antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory therapeutics and have also gained interest as antiplatelet agents. Here, we investigate the effects of 12 different Syk and BTK inhibitors on GPVI-mediated platelet signaling and function. These inhibitors include four Syk inhibitors, Bay 61-3606, R406 (fostamatinib), entospletinib, TAK-659; four irreversible BTK inhibitors, ibrutinib, acalabrutinib, ONO-4059 (tirabrutinib), AVL-292 (spebrutinib); and four reversible BTK inhibitors, CG-806, BMS-935177, BMS-986195, and fenebrutinib. In vitro, TKIs targeting Syk or BTK reduced platelet adhesion to collagen, dense granule secretion, and alpha granule secretion in response to the GPVI agonist cross-linked collagen-related peptide (CRP-XL). Similarly, these TKIs reduced the percentage of activated integrin αIIbβ3 on the platelet surface in response to CRP-XL, as determined by PAC-1 binding. Although all TKIs tested inhibited phospholipase C γ2 (PLCγ2) phosphorylation following GPVI-mediated activation, other downstream signaling events proximal to phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and PKC were differentially affected. In addition, reversible BTK inhibitors had less pronounced effects on GPIIb/IIIa-mediated platelet spreading on fibrinogen and differentially altered the organization of PI3K around microtubules during platelets spreading on fibrinogen. Select TKIs also inhibited platelet aggregate formation on collagen under physiological flow conditions. Together, our results suggest that TKIs targeting Syk or BTK inhibit central platelet functional responses but may differentially affect protein activities and organization in critical systems downstream of Syk and BTK in platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony J Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Elizabeth R Lofurno
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Alexander R Melrose
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Jiaqing Pang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Meghan E Fallon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Tia C L Kohs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Anh T P Ngo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Joseph J Shatzel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Monica T Hinds
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Owen J T McCarty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Joseph E Aslan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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9
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Lan D, Ji W, Xiong X, Liang Q, Yao W, Mipam TD, Zhong J, Li J. Population genome of the newly discovered Jinchuan yak to understand its adaptive evolution in extreme environments and generation mechanism of the multirib trait. Integr Zool 2020; 16:685-695. [PMID: 32822522 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The adaptation and diversity of animals to the extreme environments of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) are typical materials to study adaptive evolution. The recently discovered Jinchuan yak population has many individuals with multiple ribs. However, little is known about this yak's origin, evolution, and the genetic mechanisms that formed its unique multirib trait. Here, we report a valuable population genome resource of the Jinchuan yak by resequencing the whole genome of 150 individuals. Population genetic polymorphism and structure analysis reveal that Jinchuan yak can be differentiated as a unique and original yak population among the domestic yak. Combined with geological change, the Jinchuan yak's evolutionary origin is speculated to be about 6290 years ago, which may be related to the unique geographical environment of the eastern edge of the QTP during this period. Compared with other domestic yaks, this new population has 280 positively selected genes. The genes related to skeletal function hold a considerable and remarkable proportion, suggesting that the specific skeletal characteristics have been enhanced in the adaptive evolution of Jinchuan yak in the extreme plateau environment. The genome-wide association study has revealed that TUBA8 and TUBA4A, the genes that regulate the cytoskeleton, are potential genes associated with the multirib trait. Our findings provide a basis to further understand the generation mechanism of the adaptive evolution of this new population in high-altitude extreme environments and the multivertebrate trait of domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoliang Lan
- Ministry of Education of Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Animal Genetic Resource and Utilization, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenhui Ji
- Ministry of Education of Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Animal Genetic Resource and Utilization, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianrong Xiong
- Ministry of Education of Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Animal Genetic Resource and Utilization, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiqi Liang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wenye Yao
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Tserang-Donko Mipam
- Ministry of Education of Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Animal Genetic Resource and Utilization, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jincheng Zhong
- Ministry of Education of Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Animal Genetic Resource and Utilization, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Li
- Ministry of Education of Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Animal Genetic Resource and Utilization, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
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10
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Dinavahi SS, Gowda R, Bazewicz CG, Battu MB, Lin JM, Chitren RJ, Pandey MK, Amin S, Robertson GP, Gowda K. Design, synthesis characterization and biological evaluation of novel multi-isoform ALDH inhibitors as potential anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 187:111962. [PMID: 31887569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are a family of detoxifying enzymes that are overexpressed in various cancers. Increased expression of ALDH is associated with poor prognosis, stemness, and drug resistance. Because of the critical role of ALDH in cancer stem cells, several ALDH inhibitors have been developed. Nonetheless, all these inhibitors either lack efficacy or are too toxic or have not been tested extensively. Thus, the continued development of ALDH inhibitors is warranted. In this study, we designed and synthesized potent multi-ALDH isoform inhibitors based on the isatin backbone. The early molecular docking studies and enzymatic tests revealed that 3(a-l) and 4(a-l) are the potent ALDH1A1, ALDHA2, and ALDH3A1 inhibitors. ALDH inhibitory IC50s of 3(a-l) and 4(a-l) were 230 nM to >10,000 nM for ALDH1A1, 939 nM to >10,000 nM for ALDH2 and 193 nM to >10,000 nM for ALDH3A1. The most potent compounds 3(h-l) had IC50s for killing melanoma cells ranged from 2.1 to 5.7 μM, while for colon cancer cells, it ranged from 2.5 to 5.8 μM and for multiple myeloma cells ranging from 0.3 to 4.7 μM. Toxicity studies of 3(h-l) revealed that 3h to be the least toxic multi-ALDH isoform inhibitor. Mechanistically, 3(h-l) caused increased ROS activity, lipid peroxidation, and toxic aldehyde accumulation, secondary to potent multi-ALDH isoform inhibition leading to increased apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Together, the study details the design, synthesis, and evaluation of potent, multi-isoform ALDH inhibitors to treat cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saketh S Dinavahi
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, United States; Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, United States
| | - Raghavendra Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, United States; Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, United States
| | - Christopher G Bazewicz
- Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, United States; College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, United States
| | - Madhu Babu Battu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Uppal, Hyderabad, 500039, India
| | - Jyh Ming Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, United States
| | - Robert J Chitren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, 08103, United States
| | - Manoj K Pandey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, 08103, United States
| | - Shantu Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, United States; Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, United States
| | - Gavin P Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, United States; Department of Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, United States; Department of Dermatology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, United States; Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, United States; Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, United States
| | - Krishne Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, United States; Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, United States.
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11
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Annageldiyev C, Gowda K, Patel T, Bhattacharya P, Tan SF, Iyer S, Desai D, Dovat S, Feith DJ, Loughran TP, Amin S, Claxton D, Sharma A. The novel Isatin analog KS99 targets stemness markers in acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2019; 105:687-696. [PMID: 31123028 PMCID: PMC7049373 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.212886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemic stem cells are multipotent, self-renewing, highly proliferative cells that can withstand drug treatments. Although currently available treatments potentially destroy blast cells, they fail to eradicate leukemic progenitor cells completely. Aldehyde dehydrogenase and STAT3 are frequently up-regulated in pre-leukemic stem cells as well as in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) expressing the CD34+CD38− phenotype. The Isatin analog, KS99 has shown anticancer activity against multiple myeloma which may, in part, be mediated by inhibition of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase activation. Here we demonstrate that KS99 selectively targets leukemic stem cells with high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and inhibits phosphorylation of STAT3. KS99 targeted cells co-expressing CD34, CD38, CD123, TIM-3, or CD96 immunophenotypes in AML, alone or in combination with the standard therapeutic agent cytarabine. AML with myelodysplastic-related changes was more sensitive than de novo AML with or without NPM1 mutation. KS99 treatment reduced the clonogenicity of primary human AML cells as compared to normal cord blood mononuclear cells. Downregulation of phosphorylated Bruton’s tyrosine kinase, STAT3, and aldehyde dehydrogenase was observed, suggesting interaction with KS99 as predicted through docking. KS99 with or without cytarabine showed in vivo preclinical efficacy in human and mouse AML animal models and prolonged survival. KS99 was well tolerated with overall negligible adverse effects. In conclusion, KS99 inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase and STAT3 activities and causes cell death of leukemic stem cells, but not normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charyguly Annageldiyev
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Krishne Gowda
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Trupti Patel
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, SBST, VIT Vellore, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Su-Fern Tan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Soumya Iyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Dhimant Desai
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - David J Feith
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Thomas P Loughran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Shantu Amin
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - David Claxton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Arati Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA .,Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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12
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Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are proteins that control the transcription of genetic information from DNA to mRNA by binding to specific DNA sequences either on their own or with other proteins as a complex. TFs thus support or suppress the recruitment of the corresponding RNA polymerase. In general, TFs are classified by structure or function. The TF, Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), is expressed in all cell types and tissues. NF-κB signaling and crosstalk are involved in several steps of carcinogenesis including in sequences involving pathogenic stimulus, chronic inflammation, fibrosis, establishment of its remodeling to the precancerous niche (PCN) and transition of a normal cell to a cancer cell. Triggered by various inflammatory cytokines, NF-κB is activated along with other TFs with subsequent stimulation of cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis. The involvement of NF-κB in carcinogenesis provides an opportunity to develop anti-NF-κB therapies. The complexity of these interactions requires that we elucidate those aspects of NF-κB interactions that play a role in carcinogenesis, the sequence of events leading to cancer.
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13
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Arnst KE, Banerjee S, Chen H, Deng S, Hwang DJ, Li W, Miller DD. Current advances of tubulin inhibitors as dual acting small molecules for cancer therapy. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:1398-1426. [PMID: 30746734 DOI: 10.1002/med.21568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule (MT)-targeting agents are highly successful drugs as chemotherapeutic agents, and this is attributed to their ability to target MT dynamics and interfere with critical cellular functions, including, mitosis, cell signaling, intracellular trafficking, and angiogenesis. Because MT dynamics vary in the different stages of the cell cycle, these drugs tend to be the most effective against mitotic cells. While this class of drug has proven to be effective against many cancer types, significant hurdles still exist and include overcoming aspects such as dose limited toxicities and the development of resistance. Newer generations of developed drugs attack these problems and alternative approaches such as the development of dual tubulin and kinase inhibitors are being investigated. This approach offers the potential to show increased efficacy and lower toxicities. This review covers different categories of MT-targeting agents, recent advances in dual inhibitors, and current challenges for this drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinsie E Arnst
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Souvik Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Shanshan Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Dong-Jin Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Duane D Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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14
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Liang C, Tian D, Ren X, Ding S, Jia M, Xin M, Thareja S. The development of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors from 2012 to 2017: A mini-review. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 151:315-326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Bolzoni M, Toscani D, Storti P, Marchica V, Costa F, Giuliani N. Possible targets to treat myeloma-related osteoclastogenesis. Expert Rev Hematol 2018; 11:325-336. [PMID: 29495905 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2018.1447921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone destruction is the hallmark of multiple myeloma (MM). About 80% of MM patients at diagnosis presents myeloma bone disease (MBD) leading to bone pain and pathological fractures, significantly affecting patients' quality of life. Bisphosphonates are the treatment of choice for MBD, but osteolytic lesions remain a critical issue in the current management of MM patients. Several studies clarified the mechanisms involved in MM-induced osteoclast formation and activation, leading to the identification of new possible targets and the development of better bone-directed therapies, that are discussed in this review. Areas covered: This review summarizes the latest advances in the knowledge of the pathophysiology of the osteoclast formation and activation induced by MM cells, and the new therapeutic targets identified. Recently, neutralizing antibodies (i.e. denosumab, siltuximab, daratumumab), as well as recombinant fusion proteins, and receptor molecular inhibitors, have been developed to block these targets. Clinical trials testing their anti-MBD potential are ongoing. The emerging role of exosomes and microRNAs in the regulation of osteoclast differentiation has been also discussed. Expert commentary: Although further studies are needed to arrive at a clinical approving, the basis for the development of better bone-directed therapies has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bolzoni
- a Department Medicine and Surgery , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Denise Toscani
- a Department Medicine and Surgery , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Paola Storti
- a Department Medicine and Surgery , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | | | - Federica Costa
- a Department Medicine and Surgery , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Nicola Giuliani
- a Department Medicine and Surgery , University of Parma , Parma , Italy.,b Hematology and BMT Center , "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma" , Parma , Italy
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16
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Tanabe K. Microtubule Depolymerization by Kinase Inhibitors: Unexpected Findings of Dual Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122508. [PMID: 29168788 PMCID: PMC5751111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-targeting agents are widely used as clinical drugs in the treatment of cancer. However, some kinase inhibitors can also disrupt microtubule organization by directly binding to tubulin. These unexpected effects may result in a plethora of harmful events and/or a misinterpretation of the experimental results. Thus, further studies are needed to understand these dual inhibitors. In this review, I discuss the roles of dual inhibitors of kinase activity and microtubule function as well as describe the properties underlining their dual roles. Since both kinase and microtubule inhibitors cause cell toxicity and cell cycle arrest, it is difficult to determine which inhibitor is responsible for each phenotype. A discrimination of cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 or G2/M and/or image analyses of cellular phenotype may eventually lead to new insights on drug duality. Because of the indispensable roles of microtubules in mitosis and vesicle transport, I propose a simple and easy method to identify microtubule depolymerizing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Tanabe
- Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
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