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Zadrozny M, Drapich P, Gasiorowska-Bien A, Niewiadomski W, Harrington CR, Wischik CM, Riedel G, Niewiadomska G. Neuroprotection of Cholinergic Neurons with a Tau Aggregation Inhibitor and Rivastigmine in an Alzheimer's-like Tauopathy Mouse Model. Cells 2024; 13:642. [PMID: 38607082 PMCID: PMC11011792 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Basal forebrain cholinergic dysfunction, most likely linked with tau protein aggregation, is a characteristic feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent evidence suggests that tau protein is a putative target for the treatment of dementia, and the tau aggregation inhibitor, hydromethylthionine mesylate (HMTM), has emerged as a potential disease-modifying treatment. However, its efficacy was diminished in patients already receiving approved acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. In this study, we ask whether this negative interaction can also be mimicked in experimental tau models of AD and whether the underlying mechanism can be understood. From a previous age profiling study, 6-month-old line 1 (L1) tau transgenic mice were characterized by a severe reduction in several cholinergic markers. We therefore assessed whether long-term pre-exposure with the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor rivastigmine alone and in conjunction with the tau aggregation inhibitor HMTM can reverse cholinergic deficits in L1. Rivastigmine and HMTM, and combinations of the two compounds were administered orally for 11 weeks to both L1 and wild-type mice. The brains were sectioned with a focus on the basal forebrain, motor cortex and hippocampus. Immunohistochemical staining and quantification of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), tyrosine kinase A (TrkA)-positive neurons and relative optical intensity (ROI) for vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reactivity confirmed reversal of the diminished cholinergic phenotype of interneurons (nucleus accumbens, striatum) and projection neurons (medial septum, nucleus basalis magnocellularis) by HMTM, to a greater extent than by rivastigmine alone in L1 mice. Combined administration did not yield additivity but, in most proxies, led to antagonistic effects in which rivastigmine decreased the benefits shown with HMTM alone. Local markers (VAChT and AChE) in target structures of the basal forebrain, motor cortex and hippocampal CA3 seemed to be normalized by HMTM, but not by rivastigmine or the combination of both drugs. HMTM, which was developed as a tau aggregation inhibitor, strongly decreased the tau load in L1 mice, however, not in combination with rivastigmine. Taken together, these data confirm a cholinergic phenotype in L1 tau transgenic mice that resembles the deficits observed in AD patients. This phenotype is reversible by HMTM, but at the same time appears to be subject to a homeostatic regulation induced by chronic pre-treatment with an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, which interferes with the efficacy of HMTM. The strongest phenotypic reversal coincided with a normalization of the tau load in the cortex and hippocampus of L1, suggesting that tau accumulation underpins the loss of cholinergic markers in the basal forebrain and its projection targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Zadrozny
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (P.D.); (A.G.-B.); (W.N.)
| | - Patrycja Drapich
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (P.D.); (A.G.-B.); (W.N.)
| | - Anna Gasiorowska-Bien
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (P.D.); (A.G.-B.); (W.N.)
| | - Wiktor Niewiadomski
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (P.D.); (A.G.-B.); (W.N.)
| | - Charles R. Harrington
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (C.R.H.); (C.M.W.); (G.R.)
- TauRx Therapeutics Ltd., Aberdeen AB24 3FX, UK
| | - Claude M. Wischik
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (C.R.H.); (C.M.W.); (G.R.)
- TauRx Therapeutics Ltd., Aberdeen AB24 3FX, UK
| | - Gernot Riedel
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (C.R.H.); (C.M.W.); (G.R.)
| | - Grazyna Niewiadomska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (P.D.); (A.G.-B.); (W.N.)
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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Choi SB, Kwon S, Kim JH, Ahn NH, Lee JH, Yang SH. The Molecular Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease, the Consequence of Neural Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11757. [PMID: 37511515 PMCID: PMC10380735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is accompanied by neural cell loss and memory deficit. Neural cell death, occurring via apoptosis and autophagy, is widely observed in the AD brain in addition to neuroinflammation mediated by necroptosis and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Neurotoxicity induced by amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau aggregates leads to excessive neural cell death and neuroinflammation in the AD brain. During AD progression, uncontrolled neural cell death results in the dysregulation of cellular activity and synaptic function. Apoptosis mediated by pro-apoptotic caspases, autophagy regulated by autophagy-related proteins, and necroptosis controlled by the RIPK/MLKL axis are representative of neural cell death occurred during AD. Necroptosis causes the release of cellular components, contributing to the pro-inflammatory environment in the AD brain. Inordinately high levels of neural cell death and pro-inflammatory events lead to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and feed-forward hyper neuroinflammation. Thus, neural cell death and neuroinflammation cause synaptic dysfunction and memory deficits in the AD brain. In this review, we briefly introduce the mechanisms of neural cell death and neuroinflammation observed in the AD brain. Combined with a typical strategy for targeting Aβ and tau, regulation of neural cell death and neuroinflammation may be effective for the amelioration of AD pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Bin Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehee Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hee Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
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Kumari S, Dhapola R, Reddy DH. Apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease: insight into the signaling pathways and therapeutic avenues. Apoptosis 2023:10.1007/s10495-023-01848-y. [PMID: 37186274 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01848-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau and amyloid-β (Aβ) protein resulting in synaptic loss and apoptosis. Aβ and tau deposition trigger apoptotic pathways that result in neuronal death. Apoptosis is considered to be responsible for manifestations associated with AD under pathological conditions. It regulates via extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. It activates various proteins including Bcl-2 family proteins like Bax, Bad, Bid, Bcl-XS, Bcl-XL and caspases comprising of initiator, effector and inflammatory caspases carried out through a cascade of events that finally lead to cell disintegration. The apoptotic elements interact with trophic factors, signaling molecules including Ras-ERK, JNK, GSK-3β, BDNF/TrkB/CREB and PI3K/AKT/mTOR. Ras-ERK signaling is involved in the progression of cell cycle and apoptosis. JNK pathway is also upregulated in AD which results in decreased expression of anti-apoptotic proteins. JAK-STAT triggers caspase-3 mediated apoptosis leading to neurodegeneration. The imbalance between autophagy and apoptosis is regulated by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. GSK-3β is involved in the stimulation of pro-apoptotic factors resulting in dysregulation of apoptosis. Drugs like filgrastim, epigallocatechin gallate, curcumin, nicergoline and minocycline are under development which target these pathways and modulate the disease condition. This study sheds light on apoptotic pathways that are cardinal for neuronal survival and perform crucial role in the occurrence of AD along with the trends in therapeutics targeting apoptosis induced AD. To develop prospective treatments for AD, it is desirable to elucidate potential targets including restoration apoptotic balance, regulation of caspases, Bcl-2 and other crucial proteins involved in apoptosis mediated AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Kumari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Rishika Dhapola
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Dibbanti HariKrishna Reddy
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India.
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Banaras S, Paracha RZ, Nisar M, Arif A, Ahmad J, Tariq Saeed M, Mustansar Z, Shuja MN, Paracha RN. System level modeling and analysis of TNF-α mediated sphingolipid signaling pathway in neurological disorders for the prediction of therapeutic targets. Front Physiol 2022; 13:872421. [PMID: 36060699 PMCID: PMC9437628 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.872421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingomyelin (SM) belongs to a class of lipids termed sphingolipids. The disruption in the sphingomyelin signaling pathway is associated with various neurodegenerative disorders. TNF-α, a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine generated in response to various neurological disorders like Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Multiple Sclerosis (MS), is an eminent regulator of the sphingomyelin metabolic pathway. The immune-triggered regulation of the sphingomyelin metabolic pathway via TNF-α constitutes the sphingomyelin signaling pathway. In this pathway, sphingomyelin and its downstream sphingolipids activate various signaling cascades like PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK pathways, thus, controlling diverse processes coupled with neuronal viability, survival, and death. The holistic analysis of the immune-triggered sphingomyelin signaling pathway is imperative to make necessary predictions about its pivotal components and for the formulation of disease-related therapeutics. The current work offers a comprehensive in silico systems analysis of TNF-α mediated sphingomyelin and downstream signaling cascades via a model-based quantitative approach. We incorporated the intensity values of genes from the microarray data of control individuals from the AD study in the input entities of the pathway model. Computational modeling and simulation of the inflammatory pathway enabled the comprehensive study of the system dynamics. Network and sensitivity analysis of the model unveiled essential interaction parameters and entities during neuroinflammation. Scanning of the key entities and parameters allowed us to determine their ultimate impact on neuronal apoptosis and survival. Moreover, the efficacy and potency of the FDA-approved drugs, namely Etanercept, Nivocasan, and Scyphostatin allowed us to study the model’s response towards inhibition of the respective proteins/enzymes. The network analysis revealed the pivotal model entities with high betweenness and closeness centrality values including recruit FADD, TNFR_TRADD, act CASP2, actCASP8, actCASP3 and 9, cytochrome C, and RIP_RAIDD which profoundly impacted the neuronal apoptosis. Whereas some of the entities with high betweenness and closeness centrality values like Gi-coupled receptor, actS1PR, Sphingosine, S1P, actAKT, and actERK produced a high influence on neuronal survival. However, the current study inferred the dual role of ceramide, both on neuronal survival and apoptosis. Moreover, the drug Nivocasan effectively reduces neuronal apoptosis via its inhibitory mechanism on the caspases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanam Banaras
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rehan Zafar Paracha
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Rehan Zafar Paracha,
| | - Maryum Nisar
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Arif
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jamil Ahmad
- Computer Science and Information Technology (CS&IT), University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Saeed
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zartasha Mustansar
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Rizwan Nasir Paracha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sub Campus Bhakkar, Bhakkar, Pakistan
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Serum Glycoproteomics and Identification of Potential Mechanisms Underlying Alzheimer’s Disease. Behav Neurol 2021; 2021:1434076. [PMID: 34931130 PMCID: PMC8684523 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1434076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives. This study compares glycoproteomes in Thai Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients with those of cognitively normal individuals. Methods. Study participants included outpatients with clinically diagnosed AD (
) and healthy controls without cognitive impairment (
). Blood samples were collected from all participants for biochemical analysis and for
(APOE) genotyping by real-time TaqMan PCR assays. Comparative serum glycoproteomic profiling by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was then performed to identify differentially abundant proteins with functional relevance. Results. Statistical differences in age, educational level, and APOE ɛ3/ɛ4 and ɛ4/ɛ4 haplotype frequencies were found between the AD and control groups. The frequency of the APOE ɛ4 allele was significantly higher in the AD group than in the control group. In total, 871 glycoproteins were identified, including 266 and 259 unique proteins in control and AD groups, respectively. There were 49 and 297 upregulated and downregulated glycoproteins, respectively, in AD samples compared with the controls. Unique AD glycoproteins were associated with numerous pathways, including Alzheimer’s disease-presenilin pathway (16.6%), inflammation pathway mediated by chemokine and cytokine signaling (9.2%), Wnt signaling pathway (8.2%), and apoptosis signaling pathway (6.7%). Conclusion. Functions and pathways associated with protein-protein interactions were identified in AD. Significant changes in these proteins can indicate the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of AD, and they have the potential to serve as AD biomarkers. Such findings could allow us to better understand AD pathology.
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Sharma VK, Singh TG, Singh S, Garg N, Dhiman S. Apoptotic Pathways and Alzheimer's Disease: Probing Therapeutic Potential. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:3103-3122. [PMID: 34386919 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03418-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is an intrinsic biochemical, cellular process that regulates cell death and is crucial for cell survival, cellular homeostasis, and maintaining the optimum functional status. Apoptosis in a predetermined and programmed manner regulates several molecular events, including cell turnover, embryonic development, and immune system functions but may be the exclusive contributor to several disorders, including neurodegenerative manifestations, when it functions in an aberrant and disorganized manner. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a fatal, chronic neurodegenerative disorder where apoptosis has a compelling and divergent role. The well-characterized pathological features of AD, including extracellular plaques of amyloid-beta, intracellular hyperphosphorylated tangles of tau protein (NFTs), inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and excitotoxic cell death, also instigate an abnormal apoptotic cascade in susceptible brain regions (cerebral cortex, hippocampus). The apoptotic players in these regions affect cellular organelles (mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum), interact with trophic factors, and several pathways, including PI3K/AKT, JNK, MAPK, mTOR signalling. This dysregulated apoptotic cascade end with an abnormal neuronal loss which is a primary event that may precede the other events of AD progression and correlates well with the degree of dementia. The present review provides insight into the diverse and versatile apoptotic mechanisms that are indispensable for neuronal survival and constitute an integral part of the pathological progression of AD. Identification of potential targets (restoring apoptotic and antiapoptotic balance, caspases, TRADD, RIPK1, FADD, TNFα, etc.) may be valuable and advantageous to decide the fate of neurons and to develop potential therapeutics for treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India.,Government College of Pharmacy, Rohru, District Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171207, India
| | | | - Shareen Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Nikhil Garg
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Sonia Dhiman
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
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7
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Li Y, Fang R, Liu Z, Jiang L, Zhang J, Li H, Liu C, Li F. The association between toxic pesticide environmental exposure and Alzheimer's disease: A scientometric and visualization analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128238. [PMID: 33297185 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. The association between environmental factors (e.g., pesticide) and AD has attracted considerable attention. However, no systematic analysis has been performed and make it difficult to provide deeper insights of AD correlated with pesticide exposure. Hence, this study utilized a bibliometric and visual approach that included map collaborations, co-citations, and keywords, to identifying the knowledge structure, hot topics and the research trends based on 372 publications from the Web of Science Core Collection and PubMed databases. The results showed that 116 institutions from 52 countries published articles in this field. The United States and Israel played a leading role with numerous publications in related journals, as well as prolific institutions and authors, respectively. Three hot topics in pesticide-induced AD were recognized based on co-occurrence keywords detection, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, oxidative stress, and AChE. Moreover, analysis of keywords burst suggests that some potential molecular mechanisms and therapy targets of pesticide-induced AD, especially for mitochondrial dysfunction and monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) that catalyzes the oxidative deamination and causes oxidative stress, are emerging trends. In addition, the study of various pesticides and the assessment method of pesticide exposure will step forward as well. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to specifically visualize the relationship between AD and pesticide exposure and to predict potential future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Ruying Fang
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Zehua Liu
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Luping Jiang
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Jingdong Zhang
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Honghu Li
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China; Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430073, China.
| | - Fei Li
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Ministry of Education), Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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8
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Stolero N, Frenkel D. The dialog between neurons and microglia in Alzheimer's disease: The neurotransmitters view. J Neurochem 2020; 158:1412-1424. [PMID: 33314073 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microglia play a vital role in maintaining brain homeostasis. Their continuous sensing of surrounding micro-environments is crucial for their activity. Cross talk between specific neurons and microglia might occur through specific neurotransmitter receptors on microglia. Impairment with this interaction might result in pathological activity of microglia against potential insults. The reason for this activity in many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) is not known. However, several papers report of the effects of different neurotransmitter agonists on microglial cells function that relate to their activity in AD. This review aims to summarize those works and to raise potential fundamental questions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nofar Stolero
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics School, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dan Frenkel
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics School, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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9
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Mampay M, Velasco-Estevez M, Rolle SO, Chaney AM, Boutin H, Dev KK, Moeendarbary E, Sheridan GK. Spatiotemporal immunolocalisation of REST in the brain of healthy ageing and Alzheimer's disease rats. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 11:146-163. [PMID: 33185010 PMCID: PMC7780110 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the brain, REST (Repressor Element‐1 Silencing Transcription factor) is a key regulator of neuron cell‐specific gene expression. Nuclear translocation of neuronal REST has been shown to be neuroprotective in a healthy ageing context. In contrast, inability to upregulate nuclear REST is thought to leave ageing neurons vulnerable to neurodegenerative stimuli, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. Hippocampal and cortical neurons are known to be particularly susceptible to AD‐associated neurodegeneration. However, REST expression has not been extensively characterised in the healthy ageing brain. Here, we examined the spatiotemporal immunolocalisation of REST in the brains of healthy ageing wild‐type Fischer‐344 and transgenic Alzheimer’s disease rats (TgF344‐AD). Nuclear expression of REST increased from 6 months to 18 months of age in the hippocampus, frontal cortex and subiculum of wild‐type rats, but not in TgF344‐AD rats. No changes in REST were measured in more posterior cortical regions or in the thalamus. Interestingly, levels of the presynaptic marker synaptophysin, a known gene target of REST, were lower in CA1 hippocampal neurons of 18‐month TgF344‐AD rats compared to 18‐month wild‐types, suggesting that elevated nuclear REST may protect against synapse loss in the CA1 of 18‐month wild‐type rats. High REST expression in ageing wild‐type rats did not, however, protect against axonal loss nor against astroglial reactivity in the hippocampus. Taken together, our data confirm that changes in nuclear REST expression are context‐, age‐ and brain region‐specific. Moreover, key brain structures involved in learning and memory display elevated REST expression in healthy ageing wild‐type rats but not TgF344‐AD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrthe Mampay
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, UK
| | - María Velasco-Estevez
- Drug Development, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sara O Rolle
- The Sainsbury Welcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University College London, UK
| | - Aisling M Chaney
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Hervé Boutin
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, UK.,Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Kumlesh K Dev
- Drug Development, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Graham K Sheridan
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, UK
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10
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Ferguson SA, Varma V, Sloper D, Panos JJ, Sarkar S. Increased inflammation in BA21 brain tissue from African Americans with Alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:121-133. [PMID: 31823110 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00512-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic neuroinflammation is strongly associated with AD and altered peripheral and central levels of chemokines and cytokines have been frequently described in those with AD. Given the increasing evidence of ethnicity-related differences in AD, it was of interest to determine if those altered chemokine and cytokine levels are ethnicity-related. Because African Americans exhibit a higher incidence of AD and increased symptom severity, we explored chemokine and cytokine concentrations in post-mortem brain tissue from the BA21 region of African Americans and Caucasians with AD using multiplex assays. IL-1β, MIG, TRAIL, and FADD levels were significantly increased in African Americans while levels of IL-3 and IL-8 were significantly decreased. Those effects did not interact with gender; however, overall levels of CCL25, CCL26 and CX3CL1 were significantly decreased in women. The NLRP3 inflammasome is thought to be critically involved in AD. Increased activation of this inflammasome in African Americans is consistent with the current results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry A Ferguson
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
| | - Vijayalakshmi Varma
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Daniel Sloper
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - John J Panos
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Sumit Sarkar
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
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11
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Cavedo E, Lista S, Houot M, Vergallo A, Grothe MJ, Teipel S, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Habert MO, Potier MC, Dubois B, Hampel H. Plasma tau correlates with basal forebrain atrophy rates in people at risk for Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2019; 94:e30-e41. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000008696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo investigate whether baseline concentrations of plasma total tau (t-tau) and neurofilament light (NfL) chain proteins are associated with annual percent change (APC) of the basal forebrain cholinergic system (BFCS) in cognitively intact older adults at risk for Alzheimer disease (AD).MethodsThis was a large-scale study of 276 cognitively intact older adults from the monocentric INSIGHT-preAD (Investigation of Alzheimer's Predictors in Subjective Memory Complainers) cohort. Participants underwent baseline assessment of plasma t-tau and NfL concentrations as well as baseline and 24-month follow-up MRI scans. Linear models with and without influential observations (calculated using the Cook distance) were carried out to investigate the effect of plasma NfL and t-tau concentrations, and their interaction effect with β-amyloid status and APOE genotype, on the APC of the whole BFCS and its anterior (Ch1/2) and posterior (Ch4) subdivisions separately.ResultsHigher plasma t-tau concentrations at baseline were associated with higher BFCS rate of atrophy (model without influencers: n = 251, F value = 4.6815; p value = 0.031). Subregional analyses showed similar results for both the APC of the Ch1/2 (model without influencers: n = 256, F value = 3.9535, p corrected = 0.047) and Ch4 BFCS sectors (model without influencers: n = 253, F value = 4.9090, p corrected = 0.047). Baseline NfL, β-amyloid load, and APOE ε4 carrier status did not affect APC of the BFCS.ConclusionIncreased concentrations of baseline plasma t-tau may predict in vivo structural BFCS atrophy progression in older adults at risk for AD, independently of β-amyloid status and APOE genotype.
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Mufson EJ, Counts SE, Ginsberg SD, Mahady L, Perez SE, Massa SM, Longo FM, Ikonomovic MD. Nerve Growth Factor Pathobiology During the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:533. [PMID: 31312116 PMCID: PMC6613497 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current review summarizes the pathobiology of nerve growth factor (NGF) and its cognate receptors during the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Both transcript and protein data indicate that cholinotrophic neuronal dysfunction is related to an imbalance between TrkA-mediated survival signaling and the NGF precursor (proNGF)/p75NTR-mediated pro-apoptotic signaling, which may be related to alteration in the metabolism of NGF. Data indicate a spatiotemporal pattern of degeneration related to the evolution of tau pathology within cholinotrophic neuronal subgroups located within the nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM). Despite these degenerative events the cholinotrophic system is capable of cellular resilience and/or plasticity during the prodromal and later stages of the disease. In addition to neurotrophin dysfunction, studies indicate alterations in epigenetically regulated proteins occur within cholinotrophic nbM neurons during the progression of AD, suggesting a mechanism that may underlie changes in transcript expression. Findings that increased cerebrospinal fluid levels of proNGF mark the onset of MCI and the transition to AD suggests that this proneurotrophin is a potential disease biomarker. Novel therapeutics to treat NGF dysfunction include NGF gene therapy and the development of small molecule agonists for the cognate prosurvival NGF receptor TrkA and antagonists against the pan-neurotrophin p75NTR death receptor for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott J. Mufson
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurology, Department of Neurobiology, and Department of Neurological Sciences, Alzheimer’s Disease Laboratory, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Scott E. Counts
- Translational Science and Molecular Medicine Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Stephen D. Ginsberg
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, and Physiology and NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Laura Mahady
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurology, Department of Neurobiology, and Department of Neurological Sciences, Alzheimer’s Disease Laboratory, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Sylvia E. Perez
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurology, Department of Neurobiology, and Department of Neurological Sciences, Alzheimer’s Disease Laboratory, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Stephen M. Massa
- Department of Neurology, San Francisco VA Health Care System, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Frank M. Longo
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Milos D. Ikonomovic
- Department of Neurology and Department of Psychiatry, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Eskandary A, Moazedi AA, Najaph Zade H, Akhond MR. Effects of Donepezil Hydrochloride on Neuronal Response of Pyramidal Neurons of the CA1 Hippocampus in Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Basic Clin Neurosci 2019; 10:109-117. [PMID: 31031898 PMCID: PMC6484192 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.9.10.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Donepezil (DON), an Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor (AChEI), is widely used in the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The current study aimed at evaluating the effect of donepezil hydrochloride on pyramidal neuron response in CA1 region of a rat model of AD. Methods In the current experimental study, adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: Nucleus Basalis Magnocellularis (NBM) lesion (the lesions were induced by an electrical method of 0.5 m A, for 3 s in NBM) and three donepezil groups (lesions plus 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg donepezil intraperitoneal injection). Neuronal spontaneous activity to injection of the donepezil and saline were recorded in CA1 region of hippocampal. Results The obtained results showed that IntraPeritoneal (IP) injection of donepezil (10 and 15 mg/kg) increased neuronal spontaneous activity in the rat model of AD. Conclusion The current study results suggested that acute IP injection of donepezil increased neuronal response in CA1 region of hippocampal in a rat model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azade Eskandary
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ali Moazedi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hosein Najaph Zade
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Akhond
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences and Computer, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Vetreno RP, Crews FT. Adolescent binge ethanol-induced loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons and neuroimmune activation are prevented by exercise and indomethacin. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204500. [PMID: 30296276 PMCID: PMC6175501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons mature in adolescence coinciding with development of adult cognitive function. Preclinical studies using the rodent model of adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE; 5.0 g/kg, i.g., 2-days on/2-days off from postnatal day [P]25 to P55) reveal persistent increases of brain neuroimmune genes that are associated with cognitive dysfunction. Adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure also reduces basal forebrain expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), an enzyme critical for acetylcholine synthesis in cholinergic neurons similar to findings in the post-mortem human alcoholic basal forebrain. We report here that AIE decreases basal forebrain ChAT+IR neurons in both adult female and male Wistar rats following early or late adolescent ethanol exposure. In addition, we find reductions in ChAT+IR somal size as well as the expression of the high-affinity nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) and the low-affinity NGF receptor p75NTR, both of which are expressed on cholinergic neurons. The decrease in cholinergic neuron marker expression was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 (pNF-κB p65) consistent with increased neuroimmune signaling. Voluntary wheel running from P24 to P80 prevented AIE-induced cholinergic neuron shrinkage and loss of cholinergic neuron markers (i.e., ChAT, TrkA, and p75NTR) as well as the increase of pNF-κB p65 in the adult basal forebrain. Administration of the anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin (4.0 mg/kg, i.p prior to each ethanol exposure) during AIE also prevented the loss of basal forebrain cholinergic markers and the concomitant increase of pNF-κB p65. In contrast, treatment with the proinflammatory immune activator lipopolysaccharide (1.0 mg/kg, i.p. on P70) caused a loss of cholinergic neuron markers that was paralleled by increased pNF-κB p65 in the basal forebrain. These novel findings are consistent with AIE causing lasting activation of the neuroimmune system that contributes to the persistent loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. Vetreno
- The Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Fulton T. Crews
- The Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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Tiernan CT, Ginsberg SD, He B, Ward SM, Guillozet-Bongaarts AL, Kanaan NM, Mufson EJ, Counts SE. Pretangle pathology within cholinergic nucleus basalis neurons coincides with neurotrophic and neurotransmitter receptor gene dysregulation during the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 117:125-136. [PMID: 29859871 PMCID: PMC6278831 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic basal forebrain neurons of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM) regulate attentional and memory function and are exquisitely prone to tau pathology and neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation during the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). nbM neurons require the neurotrophin nerve growth factor (NGF), its cognate receptor TrkA, and the pan-neurotrophin receptor p75NTR for their maintenance and survival. Additionally, nbM neuronal activity and cholinergic tone are regulated by the expression of nicotinic (nAChR) and muscarinic (mAChR) acetylcholine receptors as well as receptors modulating glutamatergic and catecholaminergic afferent signaling. To date, the molecular and cellular relationships between the evolution of tau pathology and nbM neuronal survival remain unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we profiled cholinotrophic pathway genes within nbM neurons immunostained for pS422, a pretangle phosphorylation event preceding tau C-terminal truncation at D421, or dual-labeled for pS422 and TauC3, a later stage tau neo-epitope revealed by this same C-terminal truncation event, via single-population custom microarray analysis. nbM neurons were obtained from postmortem tissues from subjects who died with an antemortem clinical diagnosis of no cognitive impairment (NCI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or mild/moderate AD. Quantitative analysis revealed significant downregulation of mRNAs encoding TrkA as well as TrkB, TrkC, and the Trk-mediated downstream pro-survival kinase Akt in pS422+ compared to unlabeled, pS422-negative nbM neurons. In addition, pS422+ neurons displayed a downregulation of transcripts encoding NMDA receptor subunit 2B, metabotropic glutamate receptor 2, D2 dopamine receptor, and β1 adrenoceptor. By contrast, transcripts encoding p75NTR were downregulated in dual-labeled pS422+/TauC3+ neurons. Appearance of the TauC3 epitope was also associated with an upregulation of the α7 nAChR subunit and differential downregulation of the β2 nAChR subunit. Notably, we found that gene expression patterns for each cell phenotype did not differ with clinical diagnosis. However, linear regression revealed that global cognition and Braak stage were predictors of select transcript changes within both unlabeled and pS422+/TauC3- neurons. Taken together, these cell phenotype-specific gene expression profiling data suggest that dysregulation of neurotrophic and neurotransmitter signaling is an early pathogenic mechanism associated with NFT formation in vulnerable nbM neurons and cognitive decline in AD, which may be amenable to therapeutic intervention early in the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea T Tiernan
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Stephen D Ginsberg
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Physiology & Neuroscience, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; NYU Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bin He
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sarah M Ward
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | | | - Nicholas M Kanaan
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Hauenstein Neurosciences Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Elliott J Mufson
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Scott E Counts
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Hauenstein Neurosciences Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Department of Family Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Michigan Alzheimer's Disease Core Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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16
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Hopperton KE, Mohammad D, Trépanier MO, Giuliano V, Bazinet RP. Markers of microglia in post-mortem brain samples from patients with Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:177-198. [PMID: 29230021 PMCID: PMC5794890 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is proposed as one of the mechanisms by which Alzheimer's disease pathology, including amyloid-β plaques, leads to neuronal death and dysfunction. Increases in the expression of markers of microglia, the main neuroinmmune cell, are widely reported in brains from patients with Alzheimer's disease, but the literature has not yet been systematically reviewed to determine whether this is a consistent pathological feature. A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Embase and PsychINFO for articles published up to 23 February 2017. Papers were included if they quantitatively compared microglia markers in post-mortem brain samples from patients with Alzheimer's disease and aged controls without neurological disease. A total of 113 relevant articles were identified. Consistent increases in markers related to activation, such as major histocompatibility complex II (36/43 studies) and cluster of differentiation 68 (17/21 studies), were identified relative to nonneurological aged controls, whereas other common markers that stain both resting and activated microglia, such as ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (10/20 studies) and cluster of differentiation 11b (2/5 studies), were not consistently elevated. Studies of ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 that used cell counts almost uniformly identified no difference relative to control, indicating that increases in activation occurred without an expansion of the total number of microglia. White matter and cerebellum appeared to be more resistant to these increases than other brain regions. Nine studies were identified that included high pathology controls, patients who remained free of dementia despite Alzheimer's disease pathology. The majority (5/9) of these studies reported higher levels of microglial markers in Alzheimer's disease relative to controls, suggesting that these increases are not solely a consequence of Alzheimer's disease pathology. These results show that increased markers of microglia are a consistent feature of Alzheimer's disease, though this seems to be driven primarily by increases in activation-associated markers, as opposed to markers of all microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Hopperton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D Mohammad
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M O Trépanier
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - V Giuliano
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, FitzGerald Building, 150 College Street, Room 306, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada. E-mail:
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Atallah A, Mhaouty-Kodja S, Grange-Messent V. Chronic depletion of gonadal testosterone leads to blood-brain barrier dysfunction and inflammation in male mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:3161-3175. [PMID: 28256950 PMCID: PMC5584691 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16683961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A dysfunction in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is associated with many neurological and metabolic disorders. Although sex steroid hormones have been shown to impact vascular tone, endothelial function, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses, there are still no data on the role of testosterone in the regulation of BBB structure and function. In this context, we investigated the effects of gonadal testosterone depletion on the integrity of capillary BBB and the surrounding parenchyma in male mice. Our results show increased BBB permeability for different tracers and endogenous immunoglobulins in chronically testosterone-depleted male mice. These results were associated with disorganization of tight junction structures shown by electron tomography and a lower amount of tight junction proteins such as claudin-5 and ZO-1. BBB leakage was also accompanied by activation of astrocytes and microglia, and up-regulation of inflammatory molecules such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Supplementation of castrated male mice with testosterone restored BBB selective permeability, tight junction integrity, and almost completely abrogated the inflammatory features. The present demonstration that testosterone transiently impacts cerebrovascular physiology in adult male mice should help gain new insights into neurological and metabolic diseases linked to hypogonadism in men of all ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan Atallah
- Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS), Paris, France
| | - Sakina Mhaouty-Kodja
- Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS), Paris, France
| | - Valérie Grange-Messent
- Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS), Paris, France
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18
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Kuo YC, Rajesh R. A critical overview of therapeutic strategy and advancement for Alzheimer's disease treatment. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Abstract
Three neurodegenerative diseases [Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD)] have many characteristics like pathological mechanisms and genes. In this sense some researchers postulate that these diseases share the same alterations and that one alteration in a specific protein triggers one of these diseases. Analyses of gene expression may shed more light on how to discover pathways, pathologic mechanisms associated with the disease, biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we analyze four microarrays related to three neurodegenerative diseases. We will systematically examine seven genes (CHN1, MDH1, PCP4, RTN1, SLC14A1, SNAP25 and VSNL1) that are altered in the three neurodegenerative diseases. A network was built and used to identify pathways, miRNA and drugs associated with ALS, AD and PD using Cytoscape software an interaction network based on the protein interactions of these genes. The most important affected pathway is PI3K-Akt signalling. Thirteen microRNAs (miRNA-19B1, miRNA-107, miRNA-124-1, miRNA-124-2, miRNA-9-2, miRNA-29A, miRNA-9-3, miRNA-328, miRNA-19B2, miRNA-29B2, miRNA-124-3, miRNA-15A and miRNA-9-1) and four drugs (Estradiol, Acetaminophen, Resveratrol and Progesterone) for new possible treatments were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo Alarcón
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
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20
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Ramos-Miguel A, García-Sevilla JA, Barr AM, Bayer TA, Falkai P, Leurgans SE, Schneider JA, Bennett DA, Honer WG, García-Fuster MJ. Decreased cortical FADD protein is associated with clinical dementia and cognitive decline in an elderly community sample. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:26. [PMID: 28320441 PMCID: PMC5360099 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND FADD (Fas-associated death domain) adaptor is a crucial protein involved in the induction of cell death but also mediates non-apoptotic actions via a phosphorylated form (p-Ser194-FADD). This study investigated the possible association of FADD forms with age-related neuropathologies, cognitive function, and the odds of dementia in an elderly community sample. METHODS FADD forms were quantified by western blot analysis in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) samples from a large cohort of participants in a community-based aging study (Memory and Aging Project, MAP), experiencing no-(NCI, n = 51) or mild-(MCI, n = 42) cognitive impairment, or dementia (n = 57). RESULTS Cortical FADD was lower in subjects with dementia and lower FADD was associated with a greater load of amyloid-β pathology, fewer presynaptic terminal markers, poorer cognitive function and increased odds of dementia. Together with the observations of FADD redistribution into tangles and dystrophic neurites within plaques in Alzheimer's disease brains, and its reduction in APP23 mouse cortex, the results suggest this multifunctional protein might participate in the mechanisms linking amyloid and tau pathologies during the course of the illness. CONCLUSIONS The present data suggests FADD as a putative biomarker for pathological processes associated with the course of clinical dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Ramos-Miguel
- BC Mental Health and Addictions Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jesús A. García-Sevilla
- IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Baleares, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Alasdair M. Barr
- BC Mental Health and Addictions Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Thomas A. Bayer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sue E. Leurgans
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Julie A. Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - William G. Honer
- BC Mental Health and Addictions Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - M. Julia García-Fuster
- IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Baleares, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Kuppusamy A, Arumugam M, George S. Combining in silico and in vitro approaches to evaluate the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory profile of some commercially available flavonoids in the management of Alzheimer’s disease. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 95:199-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder that has no known cure, nor is there a clear mechanistic understanding of the disease process itself. Although amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and cognitive decline are late-stage markers of the disease, it is unclear how they are initially generated, and if they represent a cause, effect, or end phase in the pathology process. Recent studies in AD models have identified marked dysregulations in calcium signaling and related downstream pathways, which occur long before the diagnostic histopathological or cognitive changes. Under normal conditions, intracellular calcium signals are coupled to effectors that maintain a healthy physiological state. Consequently, sustained up-regulation of calcium may have pathophysiological consequences. Indeed, upon reviewing the current body of literature, increased calcium levels are functionally linked to the major features and risk factors of AD: ApoE4 expression, presenilin and APP mutations, beta amyloid plaques, hyperphosphorylation of tau, apoptosis, and synaptic dysfunction. In turn, the histopathological features of AD, once formed, are capable of further increasing calcium levels, leading to a rapid feed-forward acceleration once the disease process has taken hold. The views proposed here consider that AD pathogenesis reflects long-term calcium dysregulations that ultimately serve an enabling role in the disease process. Therefore, “Calcinists” do not necessarily reject βAptist or Tauist doctrine, but rather believe that their genesis is associated with earlier calcium signaling dysregulations. NEUROSCIENTIST 13(5):546—559, 2007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Stutzmann
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, The Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
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23
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Chen HW, He XH, Yuan R, Wei BJ, Chen Z, Dong JX, Wang J. Sesquiterpenes and a monoterpenoid with acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibitory activity from Valeriana officinalis var. latiofolia in vitro and in vivo. Fitoterapia 2016; 110:142-9. [PMID: 26976216 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor (AchEI) is the most extensive in all anti-dementia drugs. The extracts and isolated compounds from the Valeriana genus have shown anti-dementia bioactivity. Four new sesquiterpenoids (1-4) and a new monoterpenoid (5) were isolated from the root of Valeriana officinalis var. latiofolia. The acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibitory activity of isolates was evaluated by modified Ellman method in vitro. Learning and memory ability of compound 4 on mice was evaluated by the Morris water maze. The contents of acetylcholine (Ach), acetylcholine transferase (ChAT) and AchE in mice brains were determined by colorimetry. The results showed IC50 of compound 4 was 0.161 μM in vitro. Compared with the normal group, the learning and memory ability of mice and the contents of Ach and ChAT decreased in model group mice (P<0.01), while the AchE increased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, Ach and ChAT in the positive control group, the high-dose group and the medium-dose group increased (P<0.01), while the AchE decreased (P<0.01). Compound 4 can improve the learning and memory abilities of APPswe/PSΔE9 double-transgenic mice, and the mechanism may be related to the regulation of the relative enzyme in the cholinergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Wen Chen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xuan-Hui He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Rong Yuan
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ben-Jun Wei
- Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jun-Xing Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Jie Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Beijing 100053, China.
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Fas-associated factor 1 promotes in neurofibrillary tangle-mediated cell death of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in P301L transgenic mice. Neuroreport 2015; 26:767-72. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Ashraf GM, Greig NH, Khan TA, Hassan I, Tabrez S, Shakil S, Sheikh IA, Zaidi SK, Akram M, Jabir NR, Firoz CK, Naeem A, Alhazza IM, Damanhouri GA, Kamal MA. Protein misfolding and aggregation in Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2015; 13:1280-93. [PMID: 25230234 DOI: 10.2174/1871527313666140917095514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In general, proteins can only execute their various biological functions when they are appropriately folded. Their amino acid sequence encodes the relevant information required for correct three-dimensional folding, with or without the assistance of chaperones. The challenge associated with understanding protein folding is currently one of the most important aspects of the biological sciences. Misfolded protein intermediates form large polymers of unwanted aggregates and are involved in the pathogenesis of many human diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). AD is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders and has worldwide impact; whereas T2DM is considered a metabolic disease that detrementally influences numerous organs, afflicts some 8% of the adult population, and shares many risk factors with AD. Research data indicates that there is a widespread conformational change in the proteins involved in AD and T2DM that form β-sheet like motifs. Although conformation of these β-sheets is common to many functional proteins, the transition from α-helix to β-sheet is a typical characteristic of amyloid deposits. Any abnormality in this transition results in protein aggregation and generation of insoluble fibrils. The abnormal and toxic proteins can interact with other native proteins and consequently catalyze their transition into the toxic state. Both AD and T2DM are prevalent in the aged population. AD is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) in brain, while T2DM is characterized by the deposition of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP, also known as amylin) within beta-cells of the pancreas. T2DM increases pathological angiogenesis and immature vascularisation. This also leads to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, which results in dysfunction and degeneration of neuroglial cells. With an abundance of common mechanisms underpinning both disorders, a significant question that can be posed is whether T2DM leads to AD in aged individuals and the associations between other protein misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mohammad A Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Norvin D, Kim G, Baker-Nigh A, Geula C. Accumulation and age-related elevation of amyloid-β within basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in the rhesus monkey. Neuroscience 2015; 298:102-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Baker-Nigh A, Vahedi S, Davis EG, Weintraub S, Bigio EH, Klein WL, Geula C. Neuronal amyloid-β accumulation within cholinergic basal forebrain in ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2015; 138:1722-37. [PMID: 25732182 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that contribute to selective vulnerability of the magnocellular basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, are not fully understood. Because age is the primary risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, mechanisms of interest must include age-related alterations in protein expression, cell type-specific markers and pathology. The present study explored the extent and characteristics of intraneuronal amyloid-β accumulation, particularly of the fibrillogenic 42-amino acid isoform, within basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in normal young, normal aged and Alzheimer's disease brains as a potential contributor to the selective vulnerability of these neurons using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Amyloid-β1-42 immunoreactivity was observed in the entire cholinergic neuronal population regardless of age or Alzheimer's disease diagnosis. The magnitude of this accumulation as revealed by optical density measures was significantly greater than that in cortical pyramidal neurons, and magnocellular neurons in the globus pallidus did not demonstrate a similar extent of amyloid immunoreactivity. Immunoblot analysis with a panel of amyloid-β antibodies confirmed accumulation of high concentration of amyloid-β in basal forebrain early in adult life. There was no age- or Alzheimer-related alteration in total amyloid-β content within this region. In contrast, an increase in the large molecular weight soluble oligomer species was observed with a highly oligomer-specific antibody in aged and Alzheimer brains when compared with the young. Similarly, intermediate molecular weight oligomeric species displayed an increase in aged and Alzheimer brains when compared with the young using two amyloid-β42 antibodies. Compared to cortical homogenates, small molecular weight oligomeric species were lower and intermediate species were enriched in basal forebrain in ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Regional and age-related differences in accumulation were not the result of alterations in expression of the amyloid precursor protein, as confirmed by both immunostaining and western blot. Our results demonstrate that intraneuronal amyloid-β accumulation is a relatively selective trait of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons early in adult life, and increases in the prevalence of intermediate and large oligomeric assembly states are associated with both ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Selective intraneuronal amyloid-β accumulation in adult life and oligomerization during the ageing process are potential contributors to the degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaina Baker-Nigh
- 1 Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Centre, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Shahrooz Vahedi
- 1 Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Centre, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Elena Goetz Davis
- 1 Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Centre, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- 1 Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Centre, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Eileen H Bigio
- 1 Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Centre, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - William L Klein
- 2 Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Changiz Geula
- 1 Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Centre, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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Kuo YC, Lin CY. Targeting delivery of liposomes with conjugated p-aminophenyl-α-d-manno-pyranoside and apolipoprotein E for inhibiting neuronal degeneration insulted with β-amyloid peptide. J Drug Target 2014; 23:147-58. [PMID: 25268274 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2014.965716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes with conjugated p-aminophenyl-α-d-manno-pyranoside (APMP) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) (APMP-ApoE-liposomes) were employed to carry neuron growth factor (NGF) across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and enhance the survival of degenerated neurons. APMP-ApoE-liposomes were used to deliver NGF across a monolayer of human brain-microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) regulated by human astrocytes (HAs) for rescuing SK-N-MC cells from an insult of β-amyloid peptide 1-42 (Aβ1-42). An increase in the APMP concentration enhanced the particle size, HBMEC and HA viability, permeability for propidium iodide (PI), and permeability for NGF, however, reduced the absolute value of zeta potential, APMP conjugation efficiency and transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER). In addition, an increase in the ApoE concentration increased the particle size, absolute value of zeta potential, HBMEC and HA viability, permeability for PI, permeability for NGF and SK-N-MC cell viability, however, decreased the ApoE conjugation efficiency and TEER. APMP and ApoE on liposomes can be promising surface moieties to carry NGF across the BBB, target degenerated neurons and inhibit Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Kuo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University , Chia-Yi, Taiwan , Republic of China
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Shu Z, Yang B, Zhao H, Xu B, Jiao W, Wang Q, Wang Z, Kuang H. Tangeretin exerts anti-neuroinflammatory effects via NF-κB modulation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglial cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 19:275-82. [PMID: 24462494 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that tangeretin, a flavonoid from citrus fruit peels, exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and neuroprotective effects in animal disease models. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not clearly understood. In this study, we investigated whether tangeretin suppresses excessive microglial activation implicated in the resulting neurotoxicity following stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in primary rat microglia and BV-2 microglial cell culture models. The results showed that tangeretin decreased the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, it inhibited the LPS-induced expression of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) (examined at the protein level) as well as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 (examined at the mRNA level) in microglial cells. To explore the possible mechanisms underlying these inhibitions by tangeretin, we examined the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) protein levels and the NF-κB protein signaling pathway. Tangeretin clearly inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK, N-terminal Kinase (JNK), and p38. In addition, tangeretin markedly reduced LPS-stimulated phosphorylation of IκB-α and IKK-β, as well as the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB. Taken together, these results support further exploration of the therapeutic potential and molecular mechanism of tangeretin in relation to neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases accompanied by microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunpeng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Pharmacy College of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154002, China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Bingqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wenjuan Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China.
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Edgünlü TG, Ozge A, Yalın OÖ, Kul S, Erdal ME. A Study of the Impact of Death Receptor 4 (DR4) Gene Polymorphisms in Alzheimer's Disease. Balkan Med J 2013; 30:268-72. [PMID: 25207117 DOI: 10.5152/balkanmedj.2013.7455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive apoptosis is believed to play a role in many degenerative and non-degenerative neurological diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Much recent data suggest that apoptotic mechanisms may represent the missing link between Aβ deposition and proteolysis of tau protein. However, there is emerging evidence that apoptotic mechanisms may play a role in Alzheimer's Disease pathogenesis in the absence of overt apoptosis. TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand receptor 1 (Death Receptor 4, DR4) might impair the apoptotic signal transduction and lead to dysregulation of the homeostasis between cell survival and cell death. AIMS The aim of our study was to further investigate the relationship between genetic variants of DR4 and Alzheimer's Disease. STUDY DESIGN Case control study. METHODS Sixty-eight patients with AD were included in the study. The control group comprised 72 subjects without signs of neurodegenerative diseases, as evidenced by the examination.DNA was extracted from whole blood using the salting-out procedure. Genotypes were identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR-RFLP) products. RESULTS We observed significant differences in the genotypic distribution of the rs6557634 polymorphism in AD patients compared with controls (p<0.05); our data suggest that the GA genotype in rs6557634 could be protective against AD (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences between AD patients and control groups in terms of the DR4 rs20575 polymorphism (p>0.05) and the DR4 rs20576 polymorphism (p>0.05). According to haplotype analysis of the DR4 gene for rs6557634, rs20575 and rs20576 polymorphisms, GCA and GCC haplotypes might be a risk factor for AD. Also, we have shown that ACA, GGC and GGA haplotypes might be protective factors against AD. CONCLUSION The present results indicate for the first time the possible contribution of the DR4 gene rs6557634, rs20575, rs20576 polymorphisms in Alzheimer's Disease, which may influence susceptibility to Alzheimer's Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aynur Ozge
- Department of Neurology, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Osman Özgür Yalın
- Department of Neurology, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Seval Kul
- Department of Biostatistics, Gaziantep University School of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Erdal
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
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Avdoshina V, Bachis A, Mocchetti I. Synaptic dysfunction in human immunodeficiency virus type-1-positive subjects: inflammation or impaired neuronal plasticity? J Intern Med 2013; 273:454-65. [PMID: 23600400 PMCID: PMC3633109 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Many people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV) exhibit mild or severe neurological problems, termed HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND), even when receiving antiretroviral therapy. Thus, novel adjunctive therapies must be developed to overcome the neurotoxic effect of HIV. New therapies require a better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of HIV-induced neurotoxicity and the risk factors that, besides inflammation and T-cell depletion and drugs of abuse, render the central nervous system (CNS) a target of HIV-induced neurotoxicity. HIV appears to impair neuronal plasticity, which refers to the innate ability of the CNS respond to injury and promote recovery of function. The availability of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a potent neurotrophic factor that is present in abundance in the adult brain, is essential for neuronal plasticity. BDNF acts through a receptor system composed of Trk and p75NTR. Here, we present experimental evidence that some of the clinical features of HIV-mediated neurological impairment could result from altered BDNF/TrkB/p75NTR regulation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Avdoshina
- Laboratory of Preclinical Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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32
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Gyengesi E, Andrews ZB, Paxinos G, Zaborszky L. Distribution of secretagogin-containing neurons in the basal forebrain of mice, with special reference to the cholinergic corticopetal system. Brain Res Bull 2013; 94:1-8. [PMID: 23376788 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cholinergic and GABAergic corticopetal neurons in the basal forebrain play important roles in cortical activation, sensory processing, and attention. Cholinergic neurons are intermingled with peptidergic, and various calcium binding protein-containing cells, however, the functional role of these neurons is not well understood. In this study we examined the expression pattern of secretagogin (Scgn), a newly described calcium-binding protein, in neurons of the basal forebrain. We also assessed some of the corticopetal projections of Scgn neurons and their co-localization with choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), neuropeptide-Y, and other calcium-binding proteins (i.e., calbindin, calretinin, and parvalbumin). Scgn is expressed in cell bodies of the medial and lateral septum, vertical and horizontal diagonal band nuclei, and of the extension of the amygdala but it is almost absent in the ventral pallidum. Scgn is co-localized with ChAT in neurons of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, extension of the amygdala, and interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure. Scgn was co-localized with calretinin in the accumbens nucleus, medial division of the bed nucleus of stria terminalis, the extension of the amygdala, and interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure. We have not found co-expression of Scgn with parvalbumin, calbindin, or neuropeptide-Y. Retrograde tracing studies using Fluoro Gold in combination with Scgn-specific immunohistochemistry revealed that Scgn neurons situated in the nucleus of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band project to retrosplenial and cingulate cortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Gyengesi
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia.
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Leblanc E, Drouin G, Grenier G, Faucheux N, Hamdy R. From skeletal to non skeletal: The intriguing roles of BMP-9: A literature review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2013.410a4004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Structural insights into the calcium-dependent interaction between calbindin-D28K and caspase-3. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:3582-9. [PMID: 22982862 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of apoptosis involves a complicated cascade requiring numerous protein interactions including the pro-apoptotic executioner protein caspase-3 and the anti-apoptotic calcium-binding protein calbindin-D28K. Using isothermal titration calorimetry, we show that calbindin-D28K binds caspase-3 in a Ca(2+)-dependent fashion. Molecular docking and conformational sampling studies of the Ca(2+)-loaded capase-3/calbindin-D28K interaction were performed in order to isolate potentially crucial intermolecular contacts. Residues in the active site loops of caspase-3 and EF-hands 1 and 2 of calbindin-D28K were shown to be critical to the interaction. Based on these studies, a model is proposed to help understand how calbindin-D28K may deactivate caspase-3 upon binding.
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Annweiler C, Beauchet O. Possibility of a new anti-alzheimer's disease pharmaceutical composition combining memantine and vitamin D. Drugs Aging 2012; 29:81-91. [PMID: 22233455 DOI: 10.2165/11597550-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia. In addition to a decrease in brain cholinergic activity, AD is also marked by glutamatergic excitotoxicity that results in neuronal death, characterized clinically by a loss of learning and memory abilities. The currently available drugs for symptomatic treatment of AD (i.e. memantine and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors) only temporarily slow down the natural history of the disease process. Among them, memantine is the only one that acts as a non-competitive low-affinity modulator of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Memantine's modulation of NMDA receptors has been reported to prevent the neuronal necrosis induced by glutamatergic calcium neurotoxicity, but not the neuronal apoptosis resulting from oxidative stress. This observation calls for new drug regimen strategies based on memantine combined with molecules having antioxidant effects, in order to create a multi-target therapy to increase neuronal protection and prevent AD progression. We wish to highlight that vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone that is suggested to have neuroprotective effects that include regulation of neuronal calcium homeostasis, as well as antioxidant, neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory properties. The combination of memantine plus vitamin D may provide, in one treatment, enhanced protection against several degenerative processes linked to AD. Based on the present rationale, a clinical trial testing this hypothesis is currently in recruitment (AD-IDEA trial; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01409694). This new pharmaceutical composition may provide an effective solution to the problem of neuronal death and cognitive decline in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Annweiler
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
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36
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Abstract
The Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) is cleaved by α-, β-, and presenilin (PS)/γ-secretases through sequential regulated proteolysis. These proteolytic events control the generation of the pathogenic amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide, which excessively accumulates in the brains of individuals afflicted by AD. A growing number of additional proteins cleaved by PS/γ-secretase continue to be discovered. Similarly to AβPP, most of these proteins are type-I transmembrane proteins involved in vital signaling functions regulating cell fate, adhesion, migration, neurite outgrowth, or synaptogenesis. All the identified proteins share common structural features, which are typical for their proteolysis. The consequences of the PS/γ-secretase-mediated cleavage on the function of many of these proteins are largely unknown. Here, we review the current literature on the proteolytic processing mediated by the versatile PS/γ-secretase complex. We begin by discussing the steps of AβPP processing and PS/γ-secretase complex composition and localization, which give clues to how and where the processing of other PS/γ-secretase substrates may take place. Then we summarize the typical features of PS/γ-secretase-mediated protein processing. Finally, we recapitulate the current knowledge on the possible physiological function of PS/γ-secretase-mediated cleavage of specific substrate proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annakaisa Haapasalo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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37
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Tai SK, Leung LS. Vestibular stimulation enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation via activation of cholinergic septohippocampal cells. Behav Brain Res 2012; 232:174-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Voss K, Koren J, Dickey CA. The earliest tau dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease? Tau phosphorylated at s422 as a toxic seed. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:2148-51. [PMID: 21964186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kellen Voss
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Vana L, Kanaan NM, Ugwu IC, Wuu J, Mufson EJ, Binder LI. Progression of tau pathology in cholinergic Basal forebrain neurons in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:2533-50. [PMID: 21945902 PMCID: PMC3204017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein that forms neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the selective vulnerable long projection neurons of the cholinergic basal forebrain (CBF) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although CBF neurodegeneration correlates with cognitive decline during AD progression, little is known about the temporal changes of tau accumulation in this region. We investigated tau posttranslational modifications during NFT evolution within the CBF neurons of the nucleus basalis (NB) using tissue from subjects with no cognitive impairment, mild cognitive impairment, and AD. The pS422 antibody was used as an early tau pathology marker that labels tau phosphorylated at Ser422; the TauC3 antibody was used to detect later stage tau pathology. Stereologic evaluation of NB tissue immunostained for pS422 and TauC3 revealed an increase in neurons expressing these tau epitopes during disease progression. We also investigated the occurrence of pretangle tau events within cholinergic NB neurons by dual staining for the cholinergic cell marker, p75(NTR), which displays a phenotypic down-regulation within CBF perikarya in AD. As pS422+ neurons increased in number, p75(NTR)+ neurons decreased, and these changes correlated with both AD neuropathology and cognitive decline. Also, NFTs developed slower in the CBF compared with previously examined cortical regions. Taken together, these results suggest that changes in cognition are associated with pretangle events within NB cholinergic neurons before frank NFT deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel Vana
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Calissano P, Matrone C, Amadoro G. Apoptosis and in vitro Alzheimer disease neuronal models. Commun Integr Biol 2011; 2:163-9. [PMID: 19513272 DOI: 10.4161/cib.7704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a human neurodegenerative disease characterized by co-existence of extracellular senile plaques (SP) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) associated with an extensive neuronal loss, primarily in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Several studies suggest that caspase(s)-mediated neuronal death occurs in cellular and animal AD models as well as in human brains of affected patients, although an etiologic role of apoptosis in such neurodegenerative disorder is still debated. This review summarizes the experimental evidences corroborating the possible involvement of apoptosis in AD pathogenesis and discusses the usefulness of ad hoc devised in vitro approaches to study how caspase(s), amyloidogenic processing and tau metabolism might reciprocally interact leading to neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Calissano
- Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine; CNR
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41
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Woo RS, Lee JH, Yu HN, Song DY, Baik TK. Expression of ErbB4 in the neurons of Alzheimer's disease brain and APP/PS1 mice, a model of Alzheimer's disease. Anat Cell Biol 2011; 44:116-27. [PMID: 21829755 PMCID: PMC3145840 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2011.44.2.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) plays important roles in the development and plasticity of the brain, and has also been reported to exhibit potent neuroprotective properties. Although ErbB4, a key NRG1 receptor, is expressed in multiple regions in the adult animal brain, little is known about its role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is characterized by progressive impairment of cognition and behavioral disturbance that strongly correlate with degeneration and death of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic brain areas, such as the hippocampus and the amygdala. Here, we show that the ErbB4 and phospho-ErbB4 immunoreactivities were higher intensity in the neurons of the CA1-2 transitional field of AD brains as compared to age-matched controls. Also, ErbB4 expression was increased in the neurons of the cortico medial nucleus amygdala, human basal forebrain and superior frontal gyrus of AD brains. In cerebral cortex and hippocampus of amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 double transgenic mice, ErbB4 immunoreactivity significantly increased in comparison to age-matched wild type control. These results suggest that up-regulating of ErbB4 immunoreactivity may involve in the progression of pathology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran-Sook Woo
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
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Mines MA, Beurel E, Jope RS. Regulation of cell survival mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease by glycogen synthase kinase-3. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 2011:861072. [PMID: 21629713 PMCID: PMC3100684 DOI: 10.4061/2011/861072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A pivotal role has emerged for glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) as an important contributor to Alzheimer's disease pathology. Evidence for the involvement of GSK3 in Alzheimer's disease pathology and neuronal loss comes from studies of GSK3 overexpression, GSK3 localization studies, multiple relationships between GSK3 and amyloid β-peptide (Aβ), interactions between GSK3 and the microtubule-associated tau protein, and GSK3-mediated apoptotic cell death. Apoptotic signaling proceeds by either an intrinsic pathway or an extrinsic pathway. GSK3 is well established to promote intrinsic apoptotic signaling induced by many insults, several of which may contribute to neuronal loss in Alzheimer's disease. Particularly important is evidence that GSK3 promotes intrinsic apoptotic signaling induced by Aβ. GSK3 appears to promote intrinsic apoptotic signaling by modulating proteins in the apoptosis signaling pathway and by modulating transcription factors that regulate the expression of proteins involved in apoptosis. Thus, GSK3 appears to contribute to several neuropathological mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease, including apoptosis-mediated neuronal loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjelo A Mines
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Sparks Center 1057, 1720 Seventh Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0017, USA
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Tai SK, Ma J, Ossenkopp KP, Leung LS. Activation of immobility-related hippocampal theta by cholinergic septohippocampal neurons during vestibular stimulation. Hippocampus 2011; 22:914-25. [PMID: 21542057 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.20955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The vestibular system has been suggested to participate in spatial navigation, a function ascribed to the hippocampus. Vestibular stimulation during spatial navigation activates a hippocampal theta rhythm (4-10 Hz), which may enhance spatial processing and motor response. We hypothesize that a cholinergic, atropine-sensitive theta is generated during passive whole-body rotation in freely behaving rats. Hippocampal EEGs were recorded by implanted electrodes in CA1 while rats were rotated on a vertical axis, for a minute or longer, at different angular velocities. Rotation induced a continuous hippocampal theta rhythm while the rat was immobile, in both light and dark conditions. Theta peak frequency showed a significant increase during high (50-70 rpm) as compared with a lower (20-49 rpm) rotational velocity. Rotation-induced theta was abolished by muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine sulfate (50 mg/kg i.p.) but not by atropine methyl nitrate (50 mg/kg i.p.), which did not pass the blood-brain barrier. Theta was attenuated in rats in which cholinergic neurons in the medial septum (MS) were lesioned with 192 IgG-saporin (0.14 μg in 0.4 μl), as confirmed by depletion of MS cells immunoreactive to choline acetyltransferase and an absence of acetylcholinesterase staining in the hippocampus. Bilateral lesion of the vestibular receptors by sodium arsanilate (30 mg in 0.1 ml, intratympanically) also attenuated the rotation-induced theta rhythm. In intact rats, field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) in CA1 evoked by commissural stimulation were smaller during walking or rotation as compared with during immobility. Modulation of fEPSP was absent following atropine sulfate in intact rats and in 192 IgG-saporin lesion rats. In summary, this is the first report of a continuous atropine-sensitive hippocampal theta in the rat induced by vestibular stimulation during rotation, and accompanied by cholinergic modulation of hippocampal synaptic transmission. Vestibular-activated septohippocampal cholinergic activity could be an important component in sensorimotor processing and spatial memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Kian Tai
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada N6A 5C1
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Zhou ZW, Shu Y, Li M, Guo X, Pac-Soo C, Maze M, Ma D. The glutaminergic, GABAergic, dopaminergic but not cholinergic neurons are susceptible to anaesthesia-induced cell death in the rat developing brain. Neuroscience 2010; 174:64-70. [PMID: 21056635 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Revised: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal cell death induced by anaesthetics in the developing brain was evident in previous pre-clinical studies. However, the neuronal cell types involved in anaesthesia-induced neuronal cell death remains elusive. The aim of this study was to investigate glutamatergic, GABAergic, cholinergic and dopaminergic neuronal cell apoptosis induced by anaesthetic exposure in specific brain regions in rats. Separate cohorts of 7-day-old Sprague Dawley (SD) rat pups were randomly assigned to two groups: Naive and anaesthetics alone (70% nitrous oxide and 0.75% isoflurane exposure for 6 h). The brains were sectioned and the slices that contained the basal forebrain, substantia nigra, cornu ammonis area 1 (CA1) subarea of hippocampus or cingulate cortex were selected and subsequently subjected to double-labelled fluorescent immunohistochemistry for choline acetyltransferase, dopamine, vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (vGLUT1) or glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) together with caspase 3, respectively. Compared to the naive control, anaesthetic exposure significantly increased the number of caspase-3 positive cells in the CA1 subarea of hippocampus, cingulate cortex, and substantia nigra, but not in the basal forebrain. 54% and 14% of apoptotic cells in the CA1 subarea of hippocampus were GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons respectively. In the cingulate cortex, 30% and 37% of apoptotic cells were GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons respectively. In the substantia nigra, 22% of apoptotic cells were dopaminergic neurons. Our data suggests, anaesthetic exposure significantly increases neuroapoptosis of glutamatergic, GABAergic and dopaminergic neurons in the developing brain but not that of the cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-W Zhou
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NH, UK
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Köhler C, Bista P, Götz J, Schröder H. Analysis of the cholinergic pathology in the P301L tau transgenic pR5 model of tauopathy. Brain Res 2010; 1347:111-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Couturier J, Morel M, Pontcharraud R, Gontier V, Fauconneau B, Paccalin M, Page G. Interaction of double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) with the death receptor signaling pathway in amyloid beta (Abeta)-treated cells and in APPSLPS1 knock-in mice. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:1272-82. [PMID: 19889624 PMCID: PMC2801255 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.041954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
For 10 years, research has focused on signaling pathways controlling translation to explain neuronal death in Alzheimer Disease (AD). Previous studies demonstrated in different cellular and animal models and AD patients that translation is down-regulated by the activation of double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR). Among downstream factors of PKR, the Fas-associated protein with a death domain (FADD) and subsequent activated caspase-8 are responsible for PKR-induced apoptosis in recombinant virus-infected cells. However, no studies have reported the role of PKR in death receptor signaling in AD. The aim of this project is to determine physical and functional interactions of PKR with FADD in amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) neurotoxicity and in APP(SL)PS1 KI transgenic mice. In SH-SY5Y cells, results showed that Abeta42 induced a large increase in phosphorylated PKR and FADD levels and a physical interaction between PKR and FADD in the nucleus, also observed in the cortex of APP(SL)PS1 KI mice. However, PKR gene silencing or treatment with a specific PKR inhibitor significantly prevented the increase in pT(451)-PKR and pS(194)-FADD levels in SH-SY5Y nuclei and completely inhibited activities of caspase-3 and -8. The contribution of PKR in neurodegeneration through the death receptor signaling pathway may support the development of therapeutics targeting PKR to limit neuronal death in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Couturier
- From the Research Group on Brain Aging, GReViC EA 3808, University of Poitiers, 6 rue de la Milétrie, BP 199, 86034 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Milena Morel
- From the Research Group on Brain Aging, GReViC EA 3808, University of Poitiers, 6 rue de la Milétrie, BP 199, 86034 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Raymond Pontcharraud
- From the Research Group on Brain Aging, GReViC EA 3808, University of Poitiers, 6 rue de la Milétrie, BP 199, 86034 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Virginie Gontier
- From the Research Group on Brain Aging, GReViC EA 3808, University of Poitiers, 6 rue de la Milétrie, BP 199, 86034 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Bernard Fauconneau
- From the Research Group on Brain Aging, GReViC EA 3808, University of Poitiers, 6 rue de la Milétrie, BP 199, 86034 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Marc Paccalin
- From the Research Group on Brain Aging, GReViC EA 3808, University of Poitiers, 6 rue de la Milétrie, BP 199, 86034 Poitiers Cedex, France
- the Department of Geriatrics, Poitiers University Hospital, 2 rue de la Milétrie, BP 577, 86021 Poitiers Cedex, France, and
- the Clinical Investigation Center, CIC INSERM 802, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France
| | - Guylène Page
- From the Research Group on Brain Aging, GReViC EA 3808, University of Poitiers, 6 rue de la Milétrie, BP 199, 86034 Poitiers Cedex, France
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Cui Y, Wu J, Jung SC, Park DB, Maeng YH, Hong JY, Kim SJ, Lee SR, Kim SJ, Kim SJ, Eun SY. Anti-neuroinflammatory Activity of Nobiletin on Suppression of Microglial Activation. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:1814-21. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.1814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanji Cui
- Institute of Medical Science, Jeju National University School of Medicine
- Department of Physiology, Jeju National University School of Medicine
| | - Jinji Wu
- Institute of Medical Science, Jeju National University School of Medicine
- Department of Physiology, Jeju National University School of Medicine
| | - Sung-Cherl Jung
- Institute of Medical Science, Jeju National University School of Medicine
- Department of Physiology, Jeju National University School of Medicine
| | - Deok-Bae Park
- Institute of Medical Science, Jeju National University School of Medicine
- Department of Histology, Jeju National University School of Medicine
| | - Young-Hee Maeng
- Institute of Medical Science, Jeju National University School of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine
| | - Jeong Yun Hong
- Institute of Medical Science, Jeju National University School of Medicine
- Department of Pediatrics, Jeju National University School of Medicine
| | - Se-Jae Kim
- Department of Biology, Jeju National University
| | | | | | - Sang Jeong Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Seoul National University College of Medicine
| | - Su-Yong Eun
- Institute of Medical Science, Jeju National University School of Medicine
- Department of Physiology, Jeju National University School of Medicine
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Ramiro-Cortés Y, Morán J. Role of oxidative stress and JNK pathway in apoptotic death induced by potassium deprivation and staurosporine in cerebellar granule neurons. Neurochem Int 2009; 55:581-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2009.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Revised: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Spuch C, Antequera D, Isabel Fernandez-Bachiller M, Isabel Rodríguez-Franco M, Carro E. A New Tacrine–Melatonin Hybrid Reduces Amyloid Burden and Behavioral Deficits in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. Neurotox Res 2009; 17:421-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-009-9121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Revised: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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50
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Cell death and proliferation in acute slices and organotypic cultures of mammalian CNS. Prog Neurobiol 2009; 88:221-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2008] [Revised: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 01/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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