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Noori L, Saqagandomabadi V, Di Felice V, David S, Caruso Bavisotto C, Bucchieri F, Cappello F, Conway de Macario E, Macario AJL, Scalia F. Putative Roles and Therapeutic Potential of the Chaperone System in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Multiple Sclerosis. Cells 2024; 13:217. [PMID: 38334609 PMCID: PMC10854686 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The putative pathogenic roles and therapeutic potential of the chaperone system (CS) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are reviewed to provide a bibliographic and conceptual platform for launching research on the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of CS components. Various studies suggest that dysfunction of the CS contributes to the pathogenesis of ALS and MS, and here, we identify some of the implicated CS members. The physiology and pathophysiology of the CS members can be properly understood if they are studied or experimentally or clinically manipulated for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes, bearing in mind that they belong to a physiological system with multiple interacting and dynamic components, widespread throughout the body, intra- and extracellularly. Molecular chaperones, some called heat shock protein (Hsp), are the chief components of the CS, whose canonical functions are cytoprotective. However, abnormal chaperones can be etiopathogenic factors in a wide range of disorders, chaperonopathies, including ALS and MS, according to the data reviewed. Chaperones typically form teams, and these build functional networks to maintain protein homeostasis, the canonical role of the CS. However, members of the CS also display non-canonical functions unrelated to protein homeostasis. Therefore, chaperones and other members of the CS, if abnormal, may disturb not only protein synthesis, maturation, and migration but also other physiological processes. Thus, in elucidating the role of CS components in ALS and MS, one must look at protein homeostasis abnormalities and beyond, following the clues emerging from the works discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Noori
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.N.); (V.S.); (V.D.F.); (S.D.); (C.C.B.); (F.B.); (F.C.)
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Medical University of Babol, Babol 47176-47745, Iran
| | - Vahid Saqagandomabadi
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.N.); (V.S.); (V.D.F.); (S.D.); (C.C.B.); (F.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Valentina Di Felice
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.N.); (V.S.); (V.D.F.); (S.D.); (C.C.B.); (F.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Sabrina David
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.N.); (V.S.); (V.D.F.); (S.D.); (C.C.B.); (F.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Celeste Caruso Bavisotto
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.N.); (V.S.); (V.D.F.); (S.D.); (C.C.B.); (F.B.); (F.C.)
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy; (E.C.d.M.); (A.J.L.M.)
| | - Fabio Bucchieri
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.N.); (V.S.); (V.D.F.); (S.D.); (C.C.B.); (F.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.N.); (V.S.); (V.D.F.); (S.D.); (C.C.B.); (F.B.); (F.C.)
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy; (E.C.d.M.); (A.J.L.M.)
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy; (E.C.d.M.); (A.J.L.M.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore—Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Alberto J. L. Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy; (E.C.d.M.); (A.J.L.M.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore—Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Federica Scalia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.N.); (V.S.); (V.D.F.); (S.D.); (C.C.B.); (F.B.); (F.C.)
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy; (E.C.d.M.); (A.J.L.M.)
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Kinger S, Dubey AR, Kumar P, Jagtap YA, Choudhary A, Kumar A, Prajapati VK, Dhiman R, Mishra A. Molecular Chaperones' Potential against Defective Proteostasis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091302. [PMID: 37174703 PMCID: PMC10177248 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neuronal degenerative condition identified via a build-up of mutant aberrantly folded proteins. The native folding of polypeptides is mediated by molecular chaperones, preventing their pathogenic aggregation. The mutant protein expression in ALS is linked with the entrapment and depletion of chaperone capacity. The lack of a thorough understanding of chaperones' involvement in ALS pathogenesis presents a significant challenge in its treatment. Here, we review how the accumulation of the ALS-linked mutant FUS, TDP-43, SOD1, and C9orf72 proteins damage cellular homeostasis mechanisms leading to neuronal loss. Further, we discuss how the HSP70 and DNAJ family co-chaperones can act as potential targets for reducing misfolded protein accumulation in ALS. Moreover, small HSPB1 and HSPB8 chaperones can facilitate neuroprotection and prevent stress-associated misfolded protein apoptosis. Designing therapeutic strategies by pharmacologically enhancing cellular chaperone capacity to reduce mutant protein proteotoxic effects on ALS pathomechanisms can be a considerable advancement. Chaperones, apart from directly interacting with misfolded proteins for protein quality control, can also filter their toxicity by initiating strong stress-response pathways, modulating transcriptional expression profiles, and promoting anti-apoptotic functions. Overall, these properties of chaperones make them an attractive target for gaining fundamental insights into misfolded protein disorders and designing more effective therapies against ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kinger
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, India
| | - Ankur Rakesh Dubey
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, India
| | - Yuvraj Anandrao Jagtap
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, India
| | - Akash Choudhary
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, India
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, India
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3
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The Role of Small Heat Shock Proteins in Protein Misfolding Associated Motoneuron Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911759. [PMID: 36233058 PMCID: PMC9569637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Motoneuron diseases (MNDs) are neurodegenerative conditions associated with death of upper and/or lower motoneurons (MNs). Proteostasis alteration is a pathogenic mechanism involved in many MNDs and is due to the excessive presence of misfolded and aggregated proteins. Protein misfolding may be the product of gene mutations, or due to defects in the translation process, or to stress agents; all these conditions may alter the native conformation of proteins making them prone to aggregate. Alternatively, mutations in members of the protein quality control (PQC) system may determine a loss of function of the proteostasis network. This causes an impairment in the capability to handle and remove aberrant or damaged proteins. The PQC system consists of the degradative pathways, which are the autophagy and the proteasome, and a network of chaperones and co-chaperones. Among these components, Heat Shock Protein 70 represents the main factor in substrate triage to folding, refolding, or degradation, and it is assisted in this task by a subclass of the chaperone network, the small heat shock protein (sHSPs/HSPBs) family. HSPBs take part in proteostasis by bridging misfolded and aggregated proteins to the HSP70 machinery and to the degradative pathways, facilitating refolding or clearance of the potentially toxic proteins. Because of its activity against proteostasis alteration, the chaperone system plays a relevant role in the protection against proteotoxicity in MNDs. Here, we discuss the role of HSPBs in MNDs and which HSPBs may represent a valid target for therapeutic purposes.
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Gonçalves CC, Sharon I, Schmeing TM, Ramos CHI, Young JC. The chaperone HSPB1 prepares protein aggregates for resolubilization by HSP70. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17139. [PMID: 34429462 PMCID: PMC8384840 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96518-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In human cells under stress conditions, misfolded polypeptides can form potentially cytotoxic insoluble aggregates. To eliminate aggregates, the HSP70 chaperone machinery extracts and resolubilizes polypeptides for triage to refolding or degradation. Yeast and bacterial chaperones of the small heat-shock protein (sHSP) family can bind substrates at early stages of misfolding, during the aggregation process. The co-aggregated sHSPs then facilitate downstream disaggregation by HSP70. Because it is unknown whether a human sHSP has this activity, we investigated the disaggregation role of human HSPB1. HSPB1 co-aggregated with unfolded protein substrates, firefly luciferase and mammalian lactate dehydrogenase. The co-aggregates formed with HSPB1 were smaller and more regularly shaped than those formed in its absence. Importantly, co-aggregation promoted the efficient disaggregation and refolding of the substrates, led by HSP70. HSPB1 itself was also extracted during disaggregation, and its homo-oligomerization ability was not required. Therefore, we propose that a human sHSP is an integral part of the chaperone network for protein disaggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrado C Gonçalves
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Room 900, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Itai Sharon
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler, Room 457, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - T Martin Schmeing
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler, Room 457, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Carlos H I Ramos
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Jason C Young
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Room 900, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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Small Heat Shock Proteins in Cancers: Functions and Therapeutic Potential for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186611. [PMID: 32927696 PMCID: PMC7555140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are ubiquitous ATP-independent chaperones that play essential roles in response to cellular stresses and protein homeostasis. Investigations of sHSPs reveal that sHSPs are ubiquitously expressed in numerous types of tumors, and their expression is closely associated with cancer progression. sHSPs have been suggested to control a diverse range of cancer functions, including tumorigenesis, cell growth, apoptosis, metastasis, and chemoresistance, as well as regulation of cancer stem cell properties. Recent advances in the field indicate that some sHSPs have been validated as a powerful target in cancer therapy. In this review, we present and highlight current understanding, recent progress, and future challenges of sHSPs in cancer development and therapy.
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Claes F, Rudyak S, Laird AS, Louros N, Beerten J, Debulpaep M, Michiels E, van der Kant R, Van Durme J, De Baets G, Houben B, Ramakers M, Yuan K, Gwee SSL, Hernandez S, Broersen K, Oliveberg M, Moahamed B, Kirstein J, Robberecht W, Rousseau F, Schymkowitz J. Exposure of a cryptic Hsp70 binding site determines the cytotoxicity of the ALS-associated SOD1-mutant A4V. Protein Eng Des Sel 2020; 32:443-457. [PMID: 32399571 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of toxic protein aggregates is thought to play a key role in a range of degenerative pathologies, but it remains unclear why aggregation of polypeptides into non-native assemblies is toxic and why cellular clearance pathways offer ineffective protection. We here study the A4V mutant of SOD1, which forms toxic aggregates in motor neurons of patients with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A comparison of the location of aggregation prone regions (APRs) and Hsp70 binding sites in the denatured state of SOD1 reveals that ALS-associated mutations promote exposure of the APRs more than the strongest Hsc/Hsp70 binding site that we could detect. Mutations designed to increase the exposure of this Hsp70 interaction site in the denatured state promote aggregation but also display an increased interaction with Hsp70 chaperones. Depending on the cell type, in vitro this resulted in cellular inclusion body formation or increased clearance, accompanied with a suppression of cytotoxicity. The latter was also observed in a zebrafish model in vivo. Our results suggest that the uncontrolled accumulation of toxic SOD1A4V aggregates results from insufficient detection by the cellular surveillance network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Claes
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Switch Laboratory, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Switch Laboratory, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stanislav Rudyak
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Switch Laboratory, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Switch Laboratory, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium.,Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt, 14, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Angela S Laird
- VIB, Center for Brain and Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Macquarie University, Balaclava Rd, Macquarie Park, Sydney NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Nikolaos Louros
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Switch Laboratory, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Switch Laboratory, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jacinte Beerten
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Switch Laboratory, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium.,Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, Technical Medical Centre, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Maja Debulpaep
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Switch Laboratory, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium.,Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, Technical Medical Centre, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Emiel Michiels
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Switch Laboratory, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Switch Laboratory, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rob van der Kant
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Switch Laboratory, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Switch Laboratory, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joost Van Durme
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Switch Laboratory, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Switch Laboratory, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium.,Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, Technical Medical Centre, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Greet De Baets
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Switch Laboratory, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Switch Laboratory, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium.,Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, Technical Medical Centre, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Bert Houben
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Switch Laboratory, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Switch Laboratory, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Meine Ramakers
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Switch Laboratory, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Switch Laboratory, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristy Yuan
- Center for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Macquarie University, Balaclava Rd, Macquarie Park, Sydney NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Serene S L Gwee
- Center for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Macquarie University, Balaclava Rd, Macquarie Park, Sydney NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Sara Hernandez
- VIB, Center for Brain and Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kerensa Broersen
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Switch Laboratory, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium.,Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, Technical Medical Centre, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mikael Oliveberg
- Stockholm University, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Frescativägen, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbara Moahamed
- Universität Bremen, Fachbereich 2 Biologie/ Chemie, Postfach 330 440, Bremen, Germany
| | - Janine Kirstein
- Universität Bremen, Fachbereich 2 Biologie/ Chemie, Postfach 330 440, Bremen, Germany
| | - Wim Robberecht
- VIB, Center for Brain and Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frederic Rousseau
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Switch Laboratory, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Switch Laboratory, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joost Schymkowitz
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Switch Laboratory, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Switch Laboratory, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
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Cristofani R, Rusmini P, Galbiati M, Cicardi ME, Ferrari V, Tedesco B, Casarotto E, Chierichetti M, Messi E, Piccolella M, Carra S, Crippa V, Poletti A. The Regulation of the Small Heat Shock Protein B8 in Misfolding Protein Diseases Causing Motoneuronal and Muscle Cell Death. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:796. [PMID: 31427919 PMCID: PMC6688727 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Misfolding protein diseases are a wide class of disorders in which the aberrantly folded protein aggregates accumulate in affected cells. In the brain and in the skeletal muscle, misfolded protein accumulation induces a variety of cell dysfunctions that frequently lead to cell death. In motoneuron diseases (MNDs), misfolded proteins accumulate primarily in motoneurons, glial cells and/or skeletal muscle cells, altering motor function. The deleterious effects of misfolded proteins can be counteracted by the activity of the protein quality control (PQC) system, composed of chaperone proteins and degradative systems. Here, we focus on a PQC system component: heat shock protein family B (small) member 8 (HSPB8), a chaperone induced by harmful stressful events, including proteotoxicity. In motoneuron and muscle cells, misfolded proteins activate HSPB8 transcription and enhance HSPB8 levels, which contributes to prevent aggregate formation and their harmful effects. HSPB8 acts not only as a chaperone, but also facilitates the autophagy process, to enable the efficient clearance of the misfolded proteins. HSPB8 acts as a dimer bound to the HSP70 co-chaperone BAG3, a scaffold protein that is also capable of binding to HSP70 (associated with the E3-ligase CHIP) and dynein. When this complex is formed, it is transported by dynein to the microtubule organization center (MTOC), where aggresomes are formed. Here, misfolded proteins are engulfed into nascent autophagosomes to be degraded via the chaperone-assisted selective autophagy (CASA). When CASA is insufficient or impaired, HSP70 and CHIP associate with an alternative co-chaperone, BAG1, which routes misfolded proteins to the proteasome for degradation. The finely tuned equilibrium between proteasome and CASA activity is thought to be crucial for maintaining the functional cell homeostasis during proteotoxic stresses, which in turn is essential for cell survival. This fine equilibrium seems to be altered in MNDs, like Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), contributing to the onset and the progression of disease. Here, we will review how misfolded proteins may affect the PQC system and how the proper activity of this system can be restored by boosting or regulating HSPB8 activity, with the aim to ameliorate disease progression in these two fatal MNDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Cristofani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza Sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Rusmini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza Sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariarita Galbiati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza Sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Cicardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza Sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza Sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Tedesco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza Sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Casarotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza Sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Chierichetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza Sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Messi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza Sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Piccolella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza Sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Carra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Metaboliche e Neuroscienze, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Valeria Crippa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza Sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Poletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza Sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Centro Interuniversitario Sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Roma Tor Vergata, Milan, Italy
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8
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HSPB1 mutations causing hereditary neuropathy in humans disrupt non-cell autonomous protection of motor neurons. Exp Neurol 2017; 297:101-109. [PMID: 28797631 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1), is a ubiquitously expressed, multifunctional protein chaperone. Mutations in HSPB1 result in the development of a late-onset, distal hereditary motor neuropathy type II (dHMN) and axonal Charcot-Marie Tooth disease with sensory involvement (CMT2F). The functional consequences of HSPB1 mutations associated with hereditary neuropathy are unknown. HSPB1 also displays neuroprotective properties in many neuronal disease models, including the motor neuron disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). HSPB1 is upregulated in SOD1-ALS animal models during disease progression, predominately in glial cells. Glial cells are known to contribute to motor neuron loss in ALS through a non-cell autonomous mechanism. In this study, we examined the non-cell autonomous role of wild type and mutant HSPB1 in an astrocyte-motor neuron co-culture model system of ALS. Astrocyte-specific overexpression of wild type HSPB1 was sufficient to attenuate SOD1(G93A) astrocyte-mediated toxicity in motor neurons, whereas, overexpression of mutHSPB1 failed to ameliorate motor neuron toxicity. Expression of a phosphomimetic HSPB1 mutant in SOD1(G93A) astrocytes also reduced toxicity to motor neurons, suggesting that phosphorylation may contribute to HSPB1 mediated-neuroprotection. These data provide evidence that astrocytic HSPB1 expression may play a central role in motor neuron health and maintenance.
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Cox D, Ecroyd H. The small heat shock proteins αB-crystallin (HSPB5) and Hsp27 (HSPB1) inhibit the intracellular aggregation of α-synuclein. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:589-600. [PMID: 28337642 PMCID: PMC5465035 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0785-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, is the process of maintaining the conformational and functional integrity of the proteome. Proteostasis is preserved in the face of stress by a complex network of cellular machinery, including the small heat shock molecular chaperone proteins (sHsps), which act to inhibit the aggregation and deposition of misfolded protein intermediates. Despite this, the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases has been inextricably linked with the amyloid fibrillar aggregation and deposition of α-synuclein (α-syn). The sHsps are potent inhibitors of α-syn aggregation in vitro. However, the limited availability of a robust, cell-based model of α-syn aggregation has, thus far, restricted evaluation of sHsp efficacy in the cellular context. As such, this work sought to establish a robust model of intracellular α-syn aggregation using Neuro-2a cells. Aggregation of α-syn was found to be sensitive to inhibition of autophagy and the proteasome, resulting in a significant increase in the proportion of cells containing α-syn inclusions. This model was then used to evaluate the capacity of the sHsps, αB-c and Hsp27, to prevent α-syn aggregation in cells. To do so, we used bicistronic expression plasmids to express the sHsps. Unlike traditional fluorescent fusion constructs, these bicistronic expression plasmids enable only individual transfected cells expressing the sHsps (via expression of the fluorescent reporter) to be analysed, but without the need to tag the sHsp, which can affect its oligomeric structure and chaperone activity. Overexpression of both αB-c and Hsp27 significantly reduced the intracellular aggregation of α-syn. Thus, these findings suggest that overexpressing or boosting the activity of sHsps may be a way of preventing amyloid fibrillar aggregation of α-syn in the context of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezerae Cox
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
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10
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Hogan AL, Don EK, Rayner SL, Lee A, Laird AS, Watchon M, Winnick C, Tarr IS, Morsch M, Fifita JA, Gwee SSL, Formella I, Hortle E, Yuan KC, Molloy MP, Williams KL, Nicholson GA, Chung RS, Blair IP, Cole NJ. Expression of ALS/FTD-linked mutant CCNF in zebrafish leads to increased cell death in the spinal cord and an aberrant motor phenotype. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:2616-2626. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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11
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Differential effects of mutant SOD1 on protein structure of skeletal muscle and spinal cord of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: role of chaperone network. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 438:218-23. [PMID: 23886956 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein misfolding is considered to be a potential contributing factor for motor neuron and muscle loss in diseases like Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Several independent studies have demonstrated using over-expressed mutated Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (mSOD1) transgenic mouse models which mimic familial ALS (f-ALS), that both muscle and motor neurons undergo degeneration during disease progression. However, it is unknown whether protein conformation of skeletal muscle and spinal cord is equally or differentially affected by mSOD1-induced toxicity. It is also unclear whether heat shock proteins (Hsp's) differentially modulate skeletal muscle and spinal cord protein structure during ALS disease progression. We report three intriguing observations utilizing the f-ALS mouse model and cell-free in vitro system; (i) muscle proteins are equally sensitive to misfolding as spinal cord proteins despite the presence of low level of soluble and absence of insoluble G93A protein aggregate, unlike in spinal cord, (ii) Hsp's levels are lower in muscle compared to spinal cord at any stage of the disease, and (iii) G93ASOD1 enzyme-induced toxicity selectively affects muscle protein conformation over spinal cord proteins. Together, these findings strongly suggest that differential chaperone levels between skeletal muscle and spinal cord may be a critical determinant for G93A-induced protein misfolding in ALS.
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12
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Yerbury JJ, Gower D, Vanags L, Roberts K, Lee JA, Ecroyd H. The small heat shock proteins αB-crystallin and Hsp27 suppress SOD1 aggregation in vitro. Cell Stress Chaperones 2013; 18:251-7. [PMID: 22993064 PMCID: PMC3581626 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-012-0371-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a devastating neurodegenerative disease. The mechanism that underlies amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pathology remains unclear, but protein inclusions are associated with all forms of the disease. Apart from pathogenic proteins, such as TDP-43 and SOD1, other proteins are associated with ALS inclusions including small heat shock proteins. However, whether small heat shock proteins have a direct effect on SOD1 aggregation remains unknown. In this study, we have examined the ability of small heat shock proteins αB-crystallin and Hsp27 to inhibit the aggregation of SOD1 in vitro. We show that these chaperone proteins suppress the increase in thioflavin T fluorescence associated with SOD1 aggregation, primarily through inhibiting aggregate growth, not the lag phase in which nuclei are formed. αB-crystallin forms high molecular mass complexes with SOD1 and binds directly to SOD1 aggregates. Our data are consistent with an overload of proteostasis systems being associated with pathology in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J. Yerbury
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Dane Gower
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Laura Vanags
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Kate Roberts
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Jodi A. Lee
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
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13
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Alteration of protein folding and degradation in motor neuron diseases: Implications and protective functions of small heat shock proteins. Prog Neurobiol 2011; 97:83-100. [PMID: 21971574 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Motor neuron diseases (MNDs) are neurodegenerative disorders that specifically affect the survival and function of upper and/or lower motor neurons. Since motor neurons are responsible for the control of voluntary muscular movement, MNDs are characterized by muscle spasticity, weakness and atrophy. Different susceptibility genes associated with an increased risk to develop MNDs have been reported and several mutated genes have been linked to hereditary forms of MNDs. However, most cases of MNDs occur in sporadic forms and very little is known on their causes. Interestingly, several molecular mechanisms seem to participate in the progression of both the inherited and sporadic forms of MNDs. These include cytoskeleton organization, mitochondrial functions, DNA repair and RNA synthesis/processing, vesicle trafficking, endolysosomal trafficking and fusion, as well as protein folding and protein degradation. In particular, accumulation of aggregate-prone proteins is a hallmark of MNDs, suggesting that the protein quality control system (molecular chaperones and the degradative systems: ubiquitin-proteasome-system and autophagy) are saturated or not sufficient to allow the clearance of these altered proteins. In this review we mainly focus on the MNDs associated with disturbances in protein folding and protein degradation and on the potential implication of a specific class of molecular chaperones, the small heat shock proteins (sHSPs/HSPBs), in motor neuron function and survival. How boosting of specific HSPBs may be a potential useful therapeutic approach in MNDs and how mutations in specific HSPBs can directly cause motor neuron degeneration is discussed.
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14
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HU RUICHENG, OUYANG QING, DAI AIGUO, TAN SHUANGXIANG, XIAO ZHIQIANG, TANG CENE. Heat shock protein 27 and cyclophilin A associate with the pathogenesis of COPD. Respirology 2011; 16:983-93. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2011.01993.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Brameshuber M, Weghuber J, Ruprecht V, Gombos I, Horváth I, Vigh L, Eckerstorfer P, Kiss E, Stockinger H, Schütz GJ. Imaging of mobile long-lived nanoplatforms in the live cell plasma membrane. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:41765-71. [PMID: 20966075 PMCID: PMC3009904 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.182121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane has been hypothesized to contain nanoscopic lipid platforms, which are discussed in the context of "lipid rafts" or "membrane rafts." Based on biochemical and cell biological studies, rafts are believed to play a crucial role in many signaling processes. However, there is currently not much information on their size, shape, stability, surface density, composition, and heterogeneity. We present here a method that allows for the first time the direct imaging of nanoscopic long-lived platforms with raft-like properties diffusing in the live cell plasma membrane. Our method senses these platforms by their property to assemble a characteristic set of fluorescent marker proteins or lipids on a time scale of seconds. A special photobleaching protocol was used to reduce the surface density of labeled mobile platforms down to the level of well isolated diffraction-limited spots without altering the single spot brightness. The statistical distribution of probe molecules per platform was determined by single molecule brightness analysis. For demonstration, we used the consensus raft marker glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored monomeric GFP and the fluorescent lipid analog BODIPY-G(M1), which preferentially partitions into liquid-ordered phases. For both markers, we found cholesterol-dependent homo-association in the plasma membrane of living CHO and Jurkat T cells in the resting state, thereby demonstrating the existence of small, mobile, long-lived platforms containing these probes. We further applied the technology to address structural changes in the plasma membrane during fever-type heat shock: at elevated temperatures, the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored monomeric GFP homo-association disappeared, accompanied by an increase in the expression of the small heat shock protein Hsp27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Brameshuber
- From the Biophysics Institute, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Julian Weghuber
- From the Biophysics Institute, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Verena Ruprecht
- From the Biophysics Institute, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Imre Gombos
- the Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary, and
| | - Ibolya Horváth
- the Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary, and
| | - László Vigh
- the Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary, and
| | - Paul Eckerstorfer
- the Department of Molecular Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 19, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Endre Kiss
- the Department of Molecular Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 19, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannes Stockinger
- the Department of Molecular Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 19, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J. Schütz
- From the Biophysics Institute, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
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16
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Laird AS, Van Hoecke A, De Muynck L, Timmers M, Van Den Bosch L, Van Damme P, Robberecht W. Progranulin is neurotrophic in vivo and protects against a mutant TDP-43 induced axonopathy. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13368. [PMID: 20967127 PMCID: PMC2954192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mislocalization, aberrant processing and aggregation of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is found in the neurons affected by two related diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobe dementia (FTLD). These TDP-43 abnormalities are seen when TDP-43 is mutated, such as in familial ALS, but also in FTLD, caused by null mutations in the progranulin gene. They are also found in many patients with sporadic ALS and FTLD, conditions in which only wild type TDP-43 is present. The common pathological hallmarks and symptomatic cross over between the two diseases suggest that TDP-43 and progranulin may be mechanistically linked. In this study we aimed to address this link by establishing whether overexpression of mutant TDP-43 or knock-down of progranulin in zebrafish embryos results in motor neuron phenotypes and whether human progranulin is neuroprotective against such phenotypes. Mutant TDP-43 (A315T mutation) induced a motor axonopathy characterized by short axonal outgrowth and aberrant branching, similar, but more severe, than that induced by mutant SOD1. Knockdown of the two zebrafish progranulin genes, grna and grnb, produced a substantial decrease in axonal length, with knockdown of grna alone producing a greater decrease in axonal length than grnb. Progranulin overexpression rescued the axonopathy induced by progranulin knockdown. Interestingly, progranulin also rescued the mutant TDP-43 induced axonopathy, whilst it failed to affect the mutant SOD1-induced phenotype. TDP-43 was found to be nuclear in all conditions described. The findings described here demonstrate that progranulin is neuroprotective in vivo and may have therapeutic potential for at least some forms of motor neuron degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela S. Laird
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Neurology, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annelies Van Hoecke
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Neurology, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Louis De Muynck
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Neurology, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Timmers
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Neurology, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Neurology, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philip Van Damme
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Neurology, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Robberecht
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Neurology, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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17
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Stetler RA, Gao Y, Signore AP, Cao G, Chen J. HSP27: mechanisms of cellular protection against neuronal injury. Curr Mol Med 2010; 9:863-72. [PMID: 19860665 DOI: 10.2174/156652409789105561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The heat shock protein (HSP) family has long been associated with a generalized cellular stress response, particularly in terms of recognizing and chaperoning misfolded proteins. While HSPs in general appear to be protective, HSP27 has recently emerged as a particularly potent neuroprotectant in a number of diverse neurological disorders, ranging from ALS to stroke. Although its robust protective effect on a number of insults has been recognized, the mechanisms and regulation of HSP27's protective actions are still undergoing intense investigation. On the basis of recent studies, HSP27 appears to have a dynamic and diverse range of function in cellular survival. This review provides a forum to compare and contrast recent literature exploring the protective mechanism and regulation of HSP27, focusing on neurological disorders in particular, as they represent a range from protein aggregate-associated diseases to acute stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Stetler
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, 507 South Biomedical Science Tower, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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18
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Activation of the heat shock response in a primary cellular model of motoneuron neurodegeneration-evidence for neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2009; 14:319-35. [PMID: 19183864 PMCID: PMC6275696 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-009-0002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 01/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological up-regulation of heat shock proteins (hsps) rescues motoneurons from cell death in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, the relationship between increased hsp expression and neuronal survival is not straightforward. Here we examined the effects of two pharmacological agents that induce the heat shock response via activation of HSF-1, on stressed primary motoneurons in culture. Although both arimoclomol and celastrol induced the expression of Hsp70, their effects on primary motoneurons in culture were significantly different. Whereas arimoclomol had survival-promoting effects, rescuing motoneurons from staurosporin and H2O2 induced apoptosis, celastrol not only failed to protect stressed motoneurons from apoptosis under same experimental conditions, but was neurotoxic and induced neuronal death. Immunostaining of celastrol-treated cultures for hsp70 and activated caspase-3 revealed that celastrol treatment activates both the heat shock response and the apoptotic cell death cascade. These results indicate that not all agents that activate the heat shock response will necessarily be neuroprotective.
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Krishnan J, Vannuvel K, Andries M, Waelkens E, Robberecht W, Van Den Bosch L. Over-expression of Hsp27 does not influence disease in the mutant SOD1(G93A) mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurochem 2008; 106:2170-83. [PMID: 18624915 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05545.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a chronic, adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the selective loss of upper and lower motor neurons, resulting in severe atrophy of muscles and death. Although the exact pathogenic mechanism of mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) causing familial ALS is still elusive, toxic protein aggregation leading to insufficiency of chaperones is one of the main hypotheses. In this study, we investigated the effect of over-expressing one of these chaperones, heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27), in ALS. Mice over-expressing the human, mutant SOD1(G93A) were crossed with mice that ubiquitously over-expressed human Hsp27. Even though the single transgenic hHsp27 mice showed protection against spinal cord ischemia, the double transgenic SOD1(G93A)/hHsp27 mice did not live longer, and did not show a significant delay in the onset of disease compared to their SOD1(G93A) littermates. There was no protective effect of hHsp27 over-expression on the motor neurons and on the mutant SOD1 aggregates in the double transgenic SOD1(G93A)/hHsp27 mice. In conclusion, despite the protective action against acute motor neuron injury, Hsp27 alone is not sufficient to protect against the chronic motor neuron injury due to the presence of mutant SOD1.
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20
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Witan H, Kern A, Koziollek-Drechsler I, Wade R, Behl C, Clement AM. Heterodimer formation of wild-type and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-causing mutant Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase induces toxicity independent of protein aggregation. Hum Mol Genet 2008; 17:1373-85. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddn025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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21
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Dewil M, Lambrechts D, Sciot R, Shaw PJ, Ince PG, Robberecht W, Van den Bosch L. Vascular endothelial growth factor counteracts the loss of phospho-Akt preceding motor neurone degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2007; 33:499-509. [PMID: 17854437 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2007.00850.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder that results in the selective loss of motor neurones. In the present study, the involvement of the antiapoptotic protein, Akt (protein kinase B), was studied. We found that motor neurones of both sporadic and familial ALS patients lack phospho-Akt, and that motor neurones of mutant SOD1 mice lose activated Akt early in the disease, before the onset of clinical symptoms. In vitro, overexpression of constitutively active Akt protects against mutant SOD1-dependent cell death. In vivo, levels of phospho-Akt in the spinal cord increase after intracerebroventricular administration of vascular endothelial growth factor to mutant SOD1 rats, a treatment we previously described to significantly protect motor neurones. From these results, we conclude that the loss of phospho-Akt could be involved in motor neurone death in ALS, and that therapies upregulating phospho-Akt thus might be of clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dewil
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Experimental Neurology, University of Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
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22
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Lemmens R, Van Hoecke A, Hersmus N, Geelen V, D'Hollander I, Thijs V, Van Den Bosch L, Carmeliet P, Robberecht W. Overexpression of mutant superoxide dismutase 1 causes a motor axonopathy in the zebrafish. Hum Mol Genet 2007; 16:2359-65. [PMID: 17636250 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddm193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of small animal models is of major interest to unravel the pathogenesis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, especially because of their potential in large-scale chemical and genetic screening. We have investigated the zebrafish as a model to study amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the selective loss of motor neurons, caused by mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) in a subset of patients. Overexpression of mutant human SOD1 in zebrafish embryos induced a motor axonopathy that was specific, dose-dependent and found for all mutations studied. Moreover, using this newly established animal model for ALS, we investigated the role of a known modifier in the disease: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Lowering VEGF induced a more severe phenotype, whereas upregulating VEGF rescued the mutant SOD1 axonopathy. This novel zebrafish model underscores the potential of VEGF for the treatment of ALS and furthermore will permit large-scale genetic and chemical screening to facilitate the identification of new therapeutic targets in motor neuron disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Lemmens
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, K.U. Leuven, Belgium.
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23
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Dewil M, dela Cruz VF, Van Den Bosch L, Robberecht W. Inhibition of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase activation and mutant SOD1G93A-induced motor neuron death. Neurobiol Dis 2007; 26:332-41. [PMID: 17346981 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2006.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2006] [Revised: 12/08/2006] [Accepted: 12/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the selective loss of motor neurons. Stress activated protein kinases (SAPK) have been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of ALS. We studied the relevance of p38 MAPK for motor neuron degeneration in the mutant SOD1 mouse. Increased levels of phospho-p38 MAPK were present in the motor neurons and microglia of the ventral spinal cord. The p38 MAPK-inhibitor, SB203580, completely inhibited mutant SOD1-induced apoptosis of motor neurons and blocked LPS-induced activation of microglia. Semapimod, a p38 MAPK inhibitor suitable for clinical use, prolonged survival of mutant SOD1 mice to a limited extent, but largely protected motor neurons and proximal axons from mutant SOD1-induced degeneration. Our data confirm the abnormal activation of p38 MAPK in mutant SOD1 mice and the involvement of p38 MAPK in mutant SOD1-induced motor neuron death. We demonstrate the effect of p38 MAPK inhibition on survival of mutant SOD1 mice and reveal a dissociation between the effect on survival of motor neurons and that on survival of the animal, the latter likely depending on the integrity of the entire motor axon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Dewil
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Experimental Neurology, University of Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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