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Colijn MA, Ismail Z. Presenilin Gene Mutation-associated Psychosis: Phenotypic Characteristics and Clinical Implications. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2024; 38:101-106. [PMID: 38227890 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Although psychotic symptoms have been described in association with rare presenilin ( PSEN ) gene mutations underlying early-onset Alzheimer disease (AD), no contemporary reviews on this topic exist. The purpose of this review is to characterize the psychiatric phenotype (specifically with respect to psychosis) of PSEN1 and PSEN2 variant-associated AD. A PubMed search was completed in July 2023. Only articles that described individuals harboring a PSEN1 or PSEN2 mutation who experienced symptoms of psychosis were included in the review. Thirty-three articles describing 52 individuals were included in the review, as well as one other study that provided limited information pertaining to an additional 21 cases. While visual hallucinations were the most common psychotic symptom, followed by persecutory delusions, auditory hallucinations occurred in ~17% of individuals. In ~33% of the reviewed cases psychotic symptoms were present at or near disease onset, and 9 of these individuals experienced auditory hallucinations and/or delusions in the absence of visual hallucinations (~17% of all cases). In many cases, symptoms developed at a relatively young age. As presenilin gene variant-associated psychosis may resemble a primary psychotic disorder, clinicians should be vigilant with respect to screening for signs/symptoms suggestive of neurodegeneration in first-episode psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Colijn
- Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, University of Calgary
| | - Zahinoor Ismail
- Departments of Psychiatry, Clinical Neurosciences, Community Health Sciences, and Pathology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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2
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Reitz C, Pericak-Vance MA, Foroud T, Mayeux R. A global view of the genetic basis of Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:261-277. [PMID: 37024647 PMCID: PMC10686263 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00789-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) increases with age, family history and informative genetic variants. Sadly, there is still no cure or means of prevention. As in other complex diseases, uncovering genetic causes of AD could identify underlying pathological mechanisms and lead to potential treatments. Rare, autosomal dominant forms of AD occur in middle age as a result of highly penetrant genetic mutations, but the most common form of AD occurs later in life. Large-scale, genome-wide analyses indicate that 70 or more genes or loci contribute to AD. One of the major factors limiting progress is that most genetic data have been obtained from non-Hispanic white individuals in Europe and North America, preventing the development of personalized approaches to AD in individuals of other ethnicities. Fortunately, emerging genetic data from other regions - including Africa, Asia, India and South America - are now providing information on the disease from a broader range of ethnicities. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on AD genetics in populations across the world. We predominantly focus on replicated genetic discoveries but also include studies in ethnic groups where replication might not be feasible. We attempt to identify gaps that need to be addressed to achieve a complete picture of the genetic and molecular factors that drive AD in individuals across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Reitz
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- National Centralized Repository for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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3
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PS1 Affects the Pathology of Alzheimer's Disease by Regulating BACE1 Distribution in the ER and BACE1 Maturation in the Golgi Apparatus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416151. [PMID: 36555791 PMCID: PMC9782474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuritic plaques are one of the major pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. They are formed by the aggregation of extracellular amyloid-β protein (Aβ), which is derived from the sequential cleavage of amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) by β- and γ-secretase. BACE1 is the main β-secretase in the pathogenic process of Alzheimer's disease, which is believed to be a rate-limiting step of Aβ production. Presenilin 1 (PS1) is the active center of the γ-secretase that participates in the APP hydrolysis process. Mutations in the PS1 gene (PSEN1) are the most common cause of early onset familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD). The PSEN1 mutations can alter the activity of γ-secretase on the cleavage of APP. Previous studies have shown that PSEN1 mutations increase the expression and activity of BACE1 and that BACE1 expression and activity are elevated in the brains of PSEN1 mutant knock-in mice, compared with wild-type mice, as well as in the cerebral cortex of FAD patients carrying PSEN1 mutations, compared with sporadic AD patients and controls. Here, we used a Psen1 knockout cell line and a PS1 inhibitor to show that PS1 affects the expression of BACE1 in vitro. Furthermore, we used sucrose gradient fractionation combined with western blotting to analyze the distribution of BACE1, combined with a time-lapse technique to show that PS1 upregulates the distribution and trafficking of BACE1 in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, and endosomes. More importantly, we found that the PSEN1 mutant S170F increases the distribution of BACE1 in the endoplasmic reticulum and changes the ratio of mature BACE1 in the trans-Golgi network. The effect of PSEN1 mutations on BACE1 may contribute to determining the phenotype of early onset FAD.
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4
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Mapping of de novo mutations in primary biliary cholangitis to a disease-specific co-expression network underlying homeostasis and metabolism. J Genet Genomics 2021; 49:145-154. [PMID: 34433101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune disease involving dysregulation of a broad array of homeostatic and metabolic processes. Although considerable single-nucleotide polymorphisms have been unveiled, a large fraction of risk factors remains enigmatic. Candidate genes with rare mutations that tend to confer more deleterious effects need to be identified. To help pinpoint cellular and developmental mechanisms beyond common noncoding variants, we integrated whole exome sequencing with integrative network analysis to investigate genes harboring de novo mutations. Prominent convergence has been revealed on a network of disease-specific co-expression comprised of 55 genes associated with homeostasis and metabolism. The transcription factor MEF2D and the DNA repair gene PARP2 were highlighted as hub genes and identified to be up- and down-regulated, respectively, in peripheral blood data set. Enrichment analysis demonstrated altered expression of MEF2D and PARP2 may trigger a series of molecular and cellular processes with pivotal roles in PBC pathophysiology. Our study identified genes with de novo mutations in PBC and suggested a subset of genes in homeostasis and metabolism tend to act in synergy through converging on co-expression network, providing novel insights into the etiology of PBC and expanding the pool of molecular candidates for discovering clinically actionable biomarkers.
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5
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Agüero P, Sainz MJ, Téllez R, Lorda I, Ávila A, García-Ribas G, Rodríguez PP, Gómez-Tortosa E. De Novo PS1 Mutation (Pro436Gln) in a Very Early-Onset Posterior Variant of Alzheimer's Disease Associated with Spasticity: A Case Report. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:1011-1016. [PMID: 34366350 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We report a patient with sporadic Alzheimer's disease with onset in his twenties found to carry the de novo Pro436Gln mutation in the presenilin 1 gene (PS1). Clinical phenotype featured a posterior cortical syndrome with severe visual agnosia and mild limb spasticity with brisk reflexes. Brain MRI and FDG-PET scans revealed severe parieto-occipital atrophy/hypometabolism. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers showed a decrease in Aβ42 level and Aβ42/40 ratio, increased phospho-tau, and normal total tau. Amyloid PET identified a very high burden of amyloid-β neuritic plaques in the posterior cortex. Similarities between this and two previously reported cases with this variant support that this mutation has a very strong impact on the clinical phenotype and is consistently associated with spasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Agüero
- Department of Neurology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Téllez
- Department of Immunology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Lorda
- Department of Genetics, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Ávila
- Department of Genetics, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Kim HR, Jang JH, Ham H, Choo SH, Park J, Kang SH, Hwangbo S, Jang H, Na DL, Seo SW, Baek JH, Kim HJ. A Case of Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Mimicking Schizophrenia in a Patient with Presenilin 1 Mutation (S170P). J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:1025-1031. [PMID: 34366354 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Atypical psychological symptoms frequently occur in early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD), which makes it difficult to differentiate it from other psychiatric disorders. We report the case of a 28-year-old woman with EOAD, carrying a presenilin-1 mutation (S170P), who was initially misdiagnosed with schizophrenia because of prominent psychiatric symptoms in the first 1-2 years of the disease. Amyloid-β positron emission tomography (PET) showed remarkably high tracer uptake in the striatum and thalamus. Tau PET showed widespread cortical uptake and relatively low uptake in the subcortical and medial temporal regions. Our case advocates for considering EOAD diagnosis for young patients with psychiatric and atypical cognitive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Rai Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hyun Jang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Honggi Ham
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Digital Health, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Choo
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongho Park
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Kang
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Hwangbo
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Jang
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk L Na
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Seo
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Baek
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Digital Health, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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7
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Huq AJ, Sexton A, Lacaze P, Masters CL, Storey E, Velakoulis D, James PA, Winship IM. Genetic testing in dementia-A medical genetics perspective. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021; 36:1158-1170. [PMID: 33779003 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE When a genetic cause is suspected in a person with dementia, it creates unique diagnostic and management challenges to the treating clinician. Many clinicians may be unaware of the practicalities surrounding genetic testing for their patients, such as when to test and what tests to use and how to counsel patients and their families. This review was conducted to provide guidance to clinicians caring for patients with dementia regarding clinically relevant genetics. METHODS We searched PubMed for studies that involved genetics of dementia up to March 2020. Patient file reviews were also conducted to create composite cases. RESULTS In addition to families where a strong Mendelian pattern of family history is seen, people with younger age of onset, especially before the age of 65 years were found to be at an increased risk of harbouring a genetic cause for their dementia. This review discusses some of the most common genetic syndromes, including Alzheimer disease, frontotemporal dementia, vascular dementia, Parkinson disease dementia/dementia with Lewy bodies and some rarer types of genetic dementias, along with illustrative clinical case studies. This is followed by a brief review of the current genetic technologies and a discussion on the unique genetic counselling issues in dementia. CONCLUSIONS Inclusion of genetic testing in the diagnostic pathway in some patients with dementia could potentially reduce the time taken to diagnose the cause of their dementia. Although a definite advantage as an addition to the diagnostic repository, genetic testing has many pros and cons which need to be carefully considered first.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamira J Huq
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adrienne Sexton
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Lacaze
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- Neurosciences, The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elsdon Storey
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dennis Velakoulis
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul A James
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ingrid M Winship
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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8
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Li XY, Cui Y, Jing D, Xie K, Zhong X, Kong Y, Wang Y, Chu M, Wang C, Wu L. Novel PSEN1 and PSEN2 Mutations Identified in Sporadic Early-onset Alzheimer Disease and Posterior Cortical Atrophy. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2021; 35:208-213. [PMID: 33973882 PMCID: PMC8386585 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Sporadic early-onset Alzheimer disease (sEOAD) and its visual variant, posterior cortical atrophy (PCA), have a disease onset at less than 65 years of age with no familial aggregation. The etiology and genetic basis of these diseases remain poorly understood. Our study aimed to identify additional mutations or variants associated with sEOAD and PCA and to further examine their genetic and phenotypic spectrums. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequencing and analyzed the clinical and neuroimaging features of mutation carriers with 29 patients having sEOAD and 25 having PCA. RESULTS Nine rare damaging variants were identified in 4 patients with sEOAD and 3 with PCA. A novel mutation (p.A136V) in PSEN1 was identified in a patient with sEOAD and a likely pathogenic variant (p.M239T) was identified for PSEN2 in a patient with PCA. In addition, 7 rare damaging variants were detected in other genes related to neurodegenerative diseases. The patient carrying the PSEN1 p.A136V mutation presented with typical clinical and imaging features of sEOAD, and the PCA patient with the PSEN2 p.M239T mutation presented with visuospatial impairment as the initial symptom. CONCLUSION Our study expands the PSEN1 mutation spectrum of sEOAD and highlights the importance of screening PSEN1 and/or PSEN2 mutations in PCA patients.
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Liu J, Wang Q, Jing D, Gao R, Zhang J, Cui C, Qiao H, Liang Z, Wang C, Rosa-Neto P, Wu L, Jia J, Gauthier S. Diagnostic Approach of Early-Onset Dementia with Negative Family History: Implications from Two Cases of Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease with De Novo PSEN1 Mutation. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 68:551-558. [PMID: 30814350 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
For early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) cases with unclear family history, most cases are sporadic. Some cases are positive in genetic findings, that is, either incomplete penetrance or de novo mutation. We aimed to focus on EOAD cases with de novo mutations. Case reports and literature review were performed. The implication for diagnostic approach of early-onset dementia with negative family history was developed. We reported two Chinese EOAD cases with de novo mutations. The genotype PSEN1 G206S appeared to correlate with the phenotype of EOAD with pure cognitive problems. The second case had a PSEN1 M233V mutation with an earlier age of onset of 25 with cognitive decline, parkinsonism, and epilepsy. Although EOAD due to de novo mutations is not common, it should be considered in patients with a phenotype of progressive cognitive decline and amyloid positivity on PET or CSF analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Donglai Jing
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Gao
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlei Cui
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwen Qiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Liang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chaodong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, Canada
| | - Liyong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Jia
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Serge Gauthier
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, Canada
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10
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D’Argenio V, Sarnataro D. New Insights into the Molecular Bases of Familial Alzheimer's Disease. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10020026. [PMID: 32325882 PMCID: PMC7354425 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Like several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Prion and Parkinson diseases, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by spreading mechanism of aggregated proteins in the brain in a typical "prion-like" manner. Recent genetic studies have identified in four genes associated with inherited AD (amyloid precursor protein-APP, Presenilin-1, Presenilin-2 and Apolipoprotein E), rare mutations which cause dysregulation of APP processing and alterations of folding of the derived amyloid beta peptide (A). Accumulation and aggregation of A in the brain can trigger a series of intracellular events, including hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, leading to the pathological features of AD. However, mutations in these four genes account for a small of the total genetic risk for familial AD (FAD). Genome-wide association studies have recently led to the identification of additional AD candidate genes. Here, we review an update of well-established, highly penetrant FAD-causing genes with correlation to the protein misfolding pathway, and novel emerging candidate FAD genes, as well as inherited risk factors. Knowledge of these genes and of their correlated biochemical cascade will provide several potential targets for treatment of AD and aging-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria D’Argenio
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate scarl, via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Open University, via di val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.D.); (D.S.); Tel.: +39-081-3737909 (V.D.); +39-081-7464575 (D.S.)
| | - Daniela Sarnataro
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.D.); (D.S.); Tel.: +39-081-3737909 (V.D.); +39-081-7464575 (D.S.)
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11
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Li L, Kim HJ, Roh JH, Kim M, Koh W, Kim Y, Heo H, Chung J, Nakanishi M, Yoon T, Hong CP, Seo SW, Na DL, Song J. Pathological manifestation of the induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical neurons from an early-onset Alzheimer's disease patient carrying a presenilin-1 mutation (S170F). Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12798. [PMID: 32216003 PMCID: PMC7162796 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease which is characterized by the formation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. These abnormal proteins induce disturbance in mitochondrial dynamics and defect in autophagy system. Since presenilin‐1 (PS1) is a core component in γ‐secretase complex, the mutations of PS1 gene cause the interference of γ‐secretase activity and lead to the increased Aβ42 secretion. We aimed to characterize the patient‐specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line carrying PS1‐S170F mutation. Furthermore, we tested whether disease‐modifying drug can reduce AD pathology in the AD iPSC‐derived neurons. Materials and methods Mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated freshly from the peripheral blood of an autosomal dominant AD (ADAD) patient carrying presenilin‐1 (PS1) mutation (Ser170Phe; PS1‐S170F) and a cognitively normal control. We generated induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines, which were differentiated into functional cortical neurons. Then, we measured the markers indicative of AD pathogenesis using immunocytochemistry and Western blot. We also investigated the mitochondrial dynamics in the AD iPSC‐derived neurons using Mito‐tracker. Results We observed that both extracellular and intracellular Aβ levels were dramatically increased in the PS1‐S170F iPSC‐derived neurons, compared with the control iPSC‐derived neurons. Furthermore, PS1‐S170F iPSC‐derived neurons showed high expression levels of p‐Tau, which were detected both in the soma and neurites. The mitochondrial velocity in the PS1‐S170F iPSC‐derived neurons was much reduced, compared with that of the control. We also found a significant decrease of fusion‐related protein Mfn1 (membrane proteins mitofusin 1) and an increase of fission‐related protein DRP1 (dynamin‐related protein 1) in the PS1‐S170F iPSC‐derived neurons. We further observed the defects of autophagy‐related clearance in the PS1‐S170F iPSC‐derived neurons. Finally, we demonstrated the levels of Aβ and p‐Tau can be dramatically reduced by the treatment of LY‐2886721, a BACE1 inhibitor. Conclusions Taken together, we have established and characterized the pathological features of an AD patient carrying PS1‐S170F mutation using iPSC technology, which will be the first case on this mutation and this iPSC line will serve as a useful resource for studying AD pathogenesis and drug screening in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Samsung Alzheimer Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Hoon Roh
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minchul Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Wonyoung Koh
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Hyohoon Heo
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Jaehoon Chung
- Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Samsung Alzheimer Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Taeyoung Yoon
- Dong-A Socio R&D Center, Dong-A ST, Yongin-si, Korea
| | | | - Sang Won Seo
- Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Duk L Na
- Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihwan Song
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Korea.,iPS Bio, Inc., Seongnam-si, Korea
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12
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Kim YE, Cho H, Kim HJ, Na DL, Seo SW, Ki CS. PSEN1 variants in Korean patients with clinically suspicious early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3480. [PMID: 32103039 PMCID: PMC7044324 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59829-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in the PSEN1 gene are known to be the most common cause of early-onset Alzheimer’s disease but there are few data on the frequency and spectrum of PSEN1 variants in Korea. In this study, we investigated PSEN1 variants in a consecutive series of clinically suspicious early-onset familial AD (EOFAD) Korean patients and their clinical characteristics and imaging findings. From January 2007 to December 2013, EOFAD patients with very early onset AD (<50 yr), early onset AD (<60 yr) with two or more relatives with AD, and early onset AD (<60 yr) with one or more first-degree relatives with very early onset AD (<50 yr) were enrolled in this study. Sequence analysis of the PSEN1 gene was performed by Sanger sequencing. Neuroimaging data and conventional brain MRIs and FDG-PET and/or [11C] PiB-PET scans were analyzed in patients with PSEN1 variants. Among the 28 patients with EOFAD, six (21.4%, 6/28) patients had pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in the PSEN1 gene. Two pathogenic variants were p.Glu120Lys and p.Ser170Phe and four likely pathogenic variants were p.Thr119Ile, p.Tyr159Cys, p.Leu282Pro, and p.Ala285Ser. Two patients had variants of unknown significance, p.Tyr389His and p.Tyr389Ser. EOFAD patients with PSEN1 variants showed early AD onset, frequent visuospatial dysfunction, movement disorders, and rapid disease progression. Brain MRIs revealed diffuse cortical atrophy, including parietal lobe atrophy, and/or hippocampal atrophy. FDG-PET scans also revealed significant hypometabolism in the bilateral temporo-parietal regions. Our findings provide insight to better understand the genetic background of Korean EOFAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Eun Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hanna Cho
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Duk L Na
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Won Seo
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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13
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Li YS, Yang ZH, Zhang Y, Yang J, Shang DD, Zhang SY, Wu J, Ji Y, Zhao L, Shi CH, Xu YM. Two Novel Mutations and a de novo Mutation in PSEN1 in Early-onset Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2019; 10:908-914. [PMID: 31440394 PMCID: PMC6675531 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Presenilin 1 (PSEN1), presenilin 2 (PSEN2), and amyloid precursor protein (APP) mutations are responsible for autosomal dominant early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD-EOAD). To analyze the phenotypes and genotypes of EOAD patients, we performed comprehensive clinical assessments as well as mutation screening of PSEN1, PSEN2, and exons 16 and 17 of APP by Sanger sequencing in the three Chinese EOAD families. We identified two novel mutations of PSEN1 (Y256N and H214R) in samples from these families, and a de novo mutation of PSEN1 (G206V) in a patient with very early-onset sporadic Alzheimer's disease. A combination of bioinformatics tools based on evolutionary, structural and computational methods predicted that the mutations were all deleterious. These findings suggest that PSEN1 Y256N, H214R, and G206V need to be considered as potential causative mutations in EOAD patients. Further functional studies are needed to evaluate the roles of these mutations in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sheng Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Zhi-Hua Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Dan-Dan Shang
- Department of Neurology, Luoyang Central Hospital affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Shu-Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Yan Ji
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Lu Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Chang-He Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Yu-Ming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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14
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Guven G, Erginel-Unaltuna N, Samanci B, Gulec C, Hanagasi H, Bilgic B. A patient with early-onset Alzheimer's disease with a novel PSEN1 p.Leu424Pro mutation. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 84:238.e1-238.e4. [PMID: 31296348 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
"Presenilin 1" (PSEN1) gene mutations are the major known genetic cause of early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Herein, we report a novel heterozygous PSEN1 mutation (p.Leu424Pro) in a Turkish patient presenting with deterioration of short-term memory and visuospatial skills starting at the age of 47 years. This novel mutation is located in the conserved residue of transmembrane domain 8 coded by exon 12. At the protein level, this mutation caused a disruption in the alpha helix structure of PSEN1. The structural and possible functional consequences of the mutation suggest that it has probably a pathogenic effect, which in turns had a potential role in the development of Alzheimer's disease in our patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Guven
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Nihan Erginel-Unaltuna
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bedia Samanci
- Department of Neurology, Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cagri Gulec
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasmet Hanagasi
- Department of Neurology, Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Basar Bilgic
- Department of Neurology, Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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15
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Nicolas G, Veltman JA. The role of de novo mutations in adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 137:183-207. [PMID: 30478624 PMCID: PMC6513904 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1939-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The genetic underpinnings of the most common adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders (AOND) are complex in majority of the cases. In some families, however, the disease can be inherited in a Mendelian fashion as an autosomal-dominant trait. Next to that, patients carrying mutations in the same disease genes have been reported despite a negative family history. Although challenging to demonstrate due to the late onset of the disease in most cases, the occurrence of de novo mutations can explain this sporadic presentation, as demonstrated for severe neurodevelopmental disorders. Exome or genome sequencing of patient-parent trios allows a hypothesis-free study of the role of de novo mutations in AOND and the discovery of novel disease genes. Another hypothesis that may explain a proportion of sporadic AOND cases is the occurrence of a de novo mutation after the fertilization of the oocyte (post-zygotic mutation) or even as a late-somatic mutation, restricted to the brain. Such somatic mutation hypothesis, that can be tested with the use of novel sequencing technologies, is fully compatible with the seeding and spreading mechanisms of the pathological proteins identified in most of these disorders. We review here the current knowledge and future perspectives on de novo mutations in known and novel candidate genes identified in the most common AONDs such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, the frontotemporal lobar degeneration spectrum and Prion disorders. Also, we review the first lessons learned from recent genomic studies of control and diseased brains and the challenges which remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Nicolas
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, 22, Boulevard Gambetta, 76000, 76031, Rouen Cedex, France.
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Joris A Veltman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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16
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Abstract
Whole-exome sequencing has been successful in identifying genetic factors contributing to familial or sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD). However, this approach has not been applied to explore the impact of de novo mutations on PD pathogenesis. Here, we sequenced the exomes of 39 early onset patients, their parents, and 20 unaffected siblings to investigate the effects of de novo mutations on PD. We identified 12 genes with de novo mutations (MAD1L1, NUP98, PPP2CB, PKMYT1, TRIM24, CEP131, CTTNBP2, NUS1, SMPD3, MGRN1, IFI35, and RUSC2), which could be functionally relevant to PD pathogenesis. Further analyses of two independent case-control cohorts (1,852 patients and 1,565 controls in one cohort and 3,237 patients and 2,858 controls in the other) revealed that NUS1 harbors significantly more rare nonsynonymous variants (P = 1.01E-5, odds ratio = 11.3) in PD patients than in controls. Functional studies in Drosophila demonstrated that the loss of NUS1 could reduce the climbing ability, dopamine level, and number of dopaminergic neurons in 30-day-old flies and could induce apoptosis in fly brain. Together, our data suggest that de novo mutations could contribute to early onset PD pathogenesis and identify NUS1 as a candidate gene for PD.
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17
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Giau VV, Pyun JM, Bagyinszky E, An SSA, Kim S. A pathogenic PSEN2 p.His169Asn mutation associated with early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Clin Interv Aging 2018; 13:1321-1329. [PMID: 30104866 PMCID: PMC6074827 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s170374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autosomal dominant early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD) is genetically heterogeneous and has been associated with mutations in 3 different genes, coding for amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PSEN1), and presenilin 2 (PSEN2). Most frequent cases are associated with mutations in the PSEN1 gene, whereas mutations in the APP and PSEN2 genes are rare. Methods Patient who presented progressive memory decline in her 50s was enrolled in this study. A broad battery of neuropsychological tests and neuroimaging was applied to make the diagnosis. Genetic tests were performed in the patient to evaluate possible mutations using next-generation sequencing (NGS). The pathogenic nature of missense mutation and its 3D protein structure prediction were performed by in silico prediction programs. Results A pathogenic mutation in the PSEN2 gene in a Korean patient associated with EOAD was identified. Targeted Next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing revealed a heterozygous C to A transition at position 505 (c.505C>A), resulting in a probably missense mutation at codon 169 (p.His169Asn) in PSEN2. PolyPhen-2 and SIFT software analyses predicted this mutation to be a probable damaging variant. This hypothesis was supported by the results of 3D in silico modelling analyses that predicted the p.His169Asn may result in major helix torsion due to histidine to asparagine substitution. Mutation may cause additional stresses with hydrophobic residues on the surface that interact inside the transmembrane domain III, which is a conserved domain in PSEN2 His169. Conclusion These findings revealed that the p.His169Asn might be an important residue in PSEN2, which may alter the functions of PSEN2, suggesting its potential involvement with AD phenotype. Future functional studies are needed to evaluate the role of PSEN2 p.His169Asn mutation in AD disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vo Van Giau
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea,
| | - Jung-Min Pyun
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine & Neurocognitive Behavior Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea,
| | - Eva Bagyinszky
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine & Neurocognitive Behavior Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea,
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea,
| | - SangYun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine & Neurocognitive Behavior Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea,
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18
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Tiedt HO, Benjamin B, Niedeggen M, Lueschow A. Phenotypic Variability in Autosomal Dominant Familial Alzheimer Disease due to the S170F Mutation of Presenilin-1. NEURODEGENER DIS 2018; 18:57-68. [PMID: 29466804 DOI: 10.1159/000485899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In rare cases, patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) present at an early age and with a family history suggestive of an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Mutations of the presenilin-1 (PSEN1) gene are the most common causes of dementia in these patients. Early-onset and particularly familial AD patients frequently present with variable non-amnestic cognitive symptoms such as visual, language or behavioural changes as well as non-cognitive, e.g. motor, symptoms. OBJECTIVE To investigate the phenotypic variability in carriers of the PSEN1 S170F mutation. METHODS We report a family with 4 patients carrying the S170F mutation of whom 2 underwent detailed clinical examinations. We discuss our current findings in the context of previously reported S170F cases. RESULTS The clinical phenotype was consistent regarding initial memory impairment and early onset in the late twenties found in all S170F patients. There were frequent non-amnestic cognitive changes and, at early stages of the disease, indications of a more pronounced disturbance of visuospatial abilities as compared to face and object recognition. Non-cognitive symptoms most often included myoclonus and cerebellar ataxia. A review of the available case reports indicates some phenotypic variability associated with the S170F mutation including different constellations of symptoms such as parkinsonism and delusions. CONCLUSION The variable clinical findings associated with the S170F mutation highlight the relevance of atypical phenotypes in the context of research and under a clinical perspective. CSF sampling and detection of Aβ species may be essential to indicate AD pathology in unclear cases presenting with cognitive and motor symptoms at a younger age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes O Tiedt
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF), Berlin, Germany
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19
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20
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Jin ZB, Li Z, Liu Z, Jiang Y, Cai XB, Wu J. Identification of de novo germline mutations and causal genes for sporadic diseases using trio-based whole-exome/genome sequencing. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 93:1014-1031. [PMID: 29154454 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Whole-genome or whole-exome sequencing (WGS/WES) of the affected proband together with normal parents (trio) is commonly adopted to identify de novo germline mutations (DNMs) underlying sporadic cases of various genetic disorders. However, our current knowledge of the occurrence and functional effects of DNMs remains limited and accurately identifying the disease-causing DNM from a group of irrelevant DNMs is complicated. Herein, we provide a general-purpose discussion of important issues related to pathogenic gene identification based on trio-based WGS/WES data. Specifically, the relevance of DNMs to human sporadic diseases, current knowledge of DNM biogenesis mechanisms, and common strategies or software tools used for DNM detection are reviewed, followed by a discussion of pathogenic gene prioritization. In addition, several key factors that may affect DNM identification accuracy and causal gene prioritization are reviewed. Based on recent major advances, this review both sheds light on how trio-based WGS/WES technologies can play a significant role in the identification of DNMs and causal genes for sporadic diseases, and also discusses existing challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Bing Jin
- Division of Ophthalmic Genetics, The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Zhongshan Li
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Zhenwei Liu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xue-Bi Cai
- Division of Ophthalmic Genetics, The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Jinyu Wu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
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21
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Carecchio M, Picillo M, Valletta L, Elia AE, Haack TB, Cozzolino A, Vitale A, Garavaglia B, Iuso A, Bagella CF, Pappatà S, Barone P, Prokisch H, Romito L, Tiranti V. Rare causes of early-onset dystonia-parkinsonism with cognitive impairment: a de novo PSEN-1 mutation. Neurogenetics 2017; 18:175-178. [DOI: 10.1007/s10048-017-0518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Gallo M, Frangipane F, Cupidi C, De Bartolo M, Turone S, Ferrari C, Nacmias B, Grimaldi G, Laganà V, Colao R, Bernardi L, Anfossi M, Conidi ME, Vasso F, Curcio SAM, Mirabelli M, Smirne N, Torchia G, Muraca MG, Puccio G, Di Lorenzo R, Piccininni M, Tedde A, Maletta RG, Sorbi S, Bruni AC. The novel PSEN1 M84V mutation associated to frontal dysexecutive syndrome, spastic paraparesis, and cerebellar atrophy in a dominant Alzheimer's disease family. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 56:213.e7-213.e12. [PMID: 28532646 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We identified the novel PSEN1 pathogenic mutation M84V in 3 patients belonging to a large kindred affected by autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (AD). The clinical phenotype was characterized by early onset dementia in 14 affected subjects over 3 generations. Detailed clinical, imaging and genetic assessment was performed. We highlighted the presence of unusual symptoms such as frontal executive syndrome, psychosis and spastic paraparesis in these patients. Spastic paraparesis has been reported in other PSEN1 mutations in adjacent codons, suggesting that the position of the genetic defect may affect the clinical expression, although this phenotype can occur in mutations throughout the whole PSEN1 gene. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed diffuse cortical atrophy, but also atrophy of cerebellar lobules, mainly involving Crus I, in 2 patients without cerebellar motor deficits. These neuroimaging results were consistent with recent findings about the association between sporadic AD and distinct and circumscribed cerebellar atrophy. The present work acknowledged the novel PSEN1 pathogenic mutation M84V and might contribute to the ongoing debate about the involvement of cerebellum in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Gallo
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Cupidi
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Matteo De Bartolo
- Neurofisiopatologia, Distretto Ionio Sud, ASP CS, Rossano (CS), Italy
| | - Sabina Turone
- Neurofisiopatologia, Distretto Ionio Sud, ASP CS, Rossano (CS), Italy
| | - Camilla Ferrari
- IRCCS Don Gnocchi, Florence, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuliana Grimaldi
- Groupe de Recherche Interdisciplinaire du Mouvement, ULB, Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valentina Laganà
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Rosanna Colao
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Livia Bernardi
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Maria Anfossi
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | | | - Franca Vasso
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | | | - Maria Mirabelli
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Smirne
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Giusi Torchia
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | | | - Gianfranco Puccio
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | | | - Maristella Piccininni
- Department of Neurology, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, USL Toscana Centro-Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Tedde
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Sandro Sorbi
- IRCCS Don Gnocchi, Florence, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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23
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Lanoiselée HM, Nicolas G, Wallon D, Rovelet-Lecrux A, Lacour M, Rousseau S, Richard AC, Pasquier F, Rollin-Sillaire A, Martinaud O, Quillard-Muraine M, de la Sayette V, Boutoleau-Bretonniere C, Etcharry-Bouyx F, Chauviré V, Sarazin M, le Ber I, Epelbaum S, Jonveaux T, Rouaud O, Ceccaldi M, Félician O, Godefroy O, Formaglio M, Croisile B, Auriacombe S, Chamard L, Vincent JL, Sauvée M, Marelli-Tosi C, Gabelle A, Ozsancak C, Pariente J, Paquet C, Hannequin D, Campion D. APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 mutations in early-onset Alzheimer disease: A genetic screening study of familial and sporadic cases. PLoS Med 2017; 14:e1002270. [PMID: 28350801 PMCID: PMC5370101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloid protein precursor (APP), presenilin-1 (PSEN1), and presenilin-2 (PSEN2) mutations cause autosomal dominant forms of early-onset Alzheimer disease (AD-EOAD). Although these genes were identified in the 1990s, variant classification remains a challenge, highlighting the need to colligate mutations from large series. METHODS AND FINDINGS We report here a novel update (2012-2016) of the genetic screening of the large AD-EOAD series ascertained across 28 French hospitals from 1993 onwards, bringing the total number of families with identified mutations to n = 170. Families were included when at least two first-degree relatives suffered from early-onset Alzheimer disease (EOAD) with an age of onset (AOO) ≤65 y in two generations. Furthermore, we also screened 129 sporadic cases of Alzheimer disease with an AOO below age 51 (44% males, mean AOO = 45 ± 2 y). APP, PSEN1, or PSEN2 mutations were identified in 53 novel AD-EOAD families. Of the 129 sporadic cases screened, 17 carried a PSEN1 mutation and 1 carried an APP duplication (13%). Parental DNA was available for 10 sporadic mutation carriers, allowing us to show that the mutation had occurred de novo in each case. Thirteen mutations (12 in PSEN1 and 1 in PSEN2) identified either in familial or in sporadic cases were previously unreported. Of the 53 mutation carriers with available cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, 46 (87%) had all three CSF biomarkers-total tau protein (Tau), phospho-tau protein (P-Tau), and amyloid β (Aβ)42-in abnormal ranges. No mutation carrier had the three biomarkers in normal ranges. One limitation of this study is the absence of functional assessment of the possibly and probably pathogenic variants, which should help their classification. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that a nonnegligible fraction of PSEN1 mutations occurs de novo, which is of high importance for genetic counseling, as PSEN1 mutational screening is currently performed in familial cases only. Among the 90 distinct mutations found in the whole sample of families and isolated cases, definite pathogenicity is currently established for only 77%, emphasizing the need to pursue the effort to classify variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène-Marie Lanoiselée
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
- Department of Neurology, Orleans Regional Hospital, Orleans, France
| | - Gaël Nicolas
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - David Wallon
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Anne Rovelet-Lecrux
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Morgane Lacour
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Stéphane Rousseau
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Anne-Claire Richard
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Florence Pasquier
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- Inserm UMR-S 1171, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Adeline Rollin-Sillaire
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- Inserm UMR-S 1171, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Olivier Martinaud
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Valérie Chauviré
- Department of Neurology, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Marie Sarazin
- Department of Neurology, Saint Anne University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle le Ber
- CNR-MAJ, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; and ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC-P6 UMR S 1127 - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Epelbaum
- CNR-MAJ, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; and ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC-P6 UMR S 1127 - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Thérèse Jonveaux
- Department of Neurology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Olivier Rouaud
- Department of Neurology, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Mathieu Ceccaldi
- Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France; AP-HM, Service de Neurologie et Neuropsychologie, CHU Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Félician
- Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France; AP-HM, Service de Neurologie et Neuropsychologie, CHU Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Godefroy
- Department of Neurology, Amiens University Hospital Center, Amiens, France
| | - Maite Formaglio
- Department of Neurology and CMRR Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Bernard Croisile
- Department of Neurology and CMRR Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Auriacombe
- Department of Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ludivine Chamard
- Department of Neurology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | | | - Mathilde Sauvée
- Department of Neurology, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Audrey Gabelle
- Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Canan Ozsancak
- Department of Neurology, Orleans Regional Hospital, Orleans, France
| | - Jérémie Pariente
- Department of Neurology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Paquet
- CMRR Paris Nord AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, INSERM, U942, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 942, Paris, France
| | - Didier Hannequin
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Dominique Campion
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
- Department of Research, Centre Hospitalier du Rouvray, Sotteville-lès-Rouen, France
- * E-mail:
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24
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Lyoo CH, Cho H, Choi JY, Hwang MS, Hong SK, Kim YJ, Ryu YH, Lee MS. Tau Accumulation in Primary Motor Cortex of Variant Alzheimer's Disease with Spastic Paraparesis. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 51:671-5. [PMID: 26890779 DOI: 10.3233/jad-151052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We studied topographic distribution of tau and amyloid-β in a patient with variant Alzheimer's disease with spastic paraparesis (VarAD) by comparing AD patients. The proband developed progressive memory impairment, dysarthria, and spastic paraparesis at age 23. Heterozygous missense mutation (L166P) was found in exon 6 of presenilin-1 gene. The proband showed prominently increased amyloid binding in striatum and cerebellum and asymmetrical tau binding in the primary sensorimotor cortex contralateral to the side more affected by spasticity. We suspect that upper motor neuron dysfunctions may be attributed to excessive abnormal tau accumulation rather than amyloid-β in the primary motor cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Hyoung Lyoo
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hanna Cho
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Yong Choi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Song Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Kyoon Hong
- Hallym Institute of Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Yun Joong Kim
- Hallym Institute of Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.,ILSONG Institute of Life Science, Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart hospital, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Young Hoon Ryu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myung Sik Lee
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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25
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Wojsiat J, Laskowska-Kaszub K, Alquézar C, Białopiotrowicz E, Esteras N, Zdioruk M, Martin-Requero A, Wojda U. Familial Alzheimer's Disease Lymphocytes Respond Differently Than Sporadic Cells to Oxidative Stress: Upregulated p53-p21 Signaling Linked with Presenilin 1 Mutants. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5683-5698. [PMID: 27644130 PMCID: PMC5533859 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0105-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Familial (FAD) and sporadic (SAD) Alzheimer's disease do not share all pathomechanisms, but knowledge on their molecular differences is limited. We previously reported that cell cycle control distinguishes lymphocytes from SAD and FAD patients. Significant differences were found in p21 levels of SAD compared to FAD lymphocytes. Since p21 can also regulate apoptosis, the aim of this study was to compare the response of FAD and SAD lymphocytes to oxidative stress like 2-deoxy-D-ribose (2dRib) treatment and to investigate the role of p21 levels in this response. We report that FAD cells bearing seven different PS1 mutations are more resistant to 2dRib-induced cell death than control or SAD cells: FAD cells showed a lower apoptosis rate and a lower depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane. Despite that basal p21 cellular content was lower in FAD than in SAD cells, in response to 2dRib, p21 mRNA and protein levels significantly increased in FAD cells. Moreover, we found a higher cytosolic accumulation of p21 in FAD cells. The transcriptional activation of p21 was shown to be dependent on p53, as it can be blocked by PFT-α, and correlated with the increased phosphorylation of p53 at Serine 15. Our results suggest that in FAD lymphocytes, the p53-mediated increase in p21 transcription, together with a shift in the nucleocytoplasmic localization of p21, confers a survival advantage against 2dRib-induced apoptosis. This compensatory mechanism is absent in SAD cells. Thus, therapeutic and diagnostic designs should take into account possible differential apoptotic responses in SAD versus FAD cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wojsiat
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Pasteur 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Laskowska-Kaszub
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Pasteur 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carolina Alquézar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilia Białopiotrowicz
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Pasteur 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Noemi Esteras
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mykola Zdioruk
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Pasteur 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Angeles Martin-Requero
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Urszula Wojda
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Pasteur 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
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26
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Cacace R, Sleegers K, Van Broeckhoven C. Molecular genetics of early-onset Alzheimer's disease revisited. Alzheimers Dement 2016; 12:733-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Cacace
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases group; Department of Molecular Genetics; VIB; Antwerp Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics; Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Antwerp Belgium
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases group; Department of Molecular Genetics; VIB; Antwerp Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics; Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Antwerp Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases group; Department of Molecular Genetics; VIB; Antwerp Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics; Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Antwerp Belgium
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27
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Tedde A, Bartoli A, Piaceri I, Ferrara S, Bagnoli S, Serio A, Sorbi S, Nacmias B. Novel presenilin 1 mutation (Ile408Thr) in an Italian family with late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. Neurosci Lett 2016; 610:150-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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28
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Wallon D, Nicolas G. Genetica delle demenze degenerative. Neurologia 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1634-7072(15)73962-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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29
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Kun-Rodrigues C, Ganos C, Guerreiro R, Schneider SA, Schulte C, Lesage S, Darwent L, Holmans P, Singleton A, Bhatia K, Bras J. A systematic screening to identify de novo mutations causing sporadic early-onset Parkinson's disease. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:6711-20. [PMID: 26362251 PMCID: PMC4634375 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the many advances in our understanding of the genetic basis of Mendelian forms of Parkinson's disease (PD), a large number of early-onset cases still remain to be explained. Many of these cases, present with a form of disease that is identical to that underlined by genetic causes, but do not have mutations in any of the currently known disease-causing genes. Here, we hypothesized that de novo mutations may account for a proportion of these early-onset, sporadic cases. We performed exome sequencing in full parent–child trios where the proband presents with typical PD to unequivocally identify de novo mutations. This approach allows us to test all genes in the genome in an unbiased manner. We have identified and confirmed 20 coding de novo mutations in 21 trios. We have used publicly available population genetic data to compare variant frequencies and our independent in-house dataset of exome sequencing in PD (with over 1200 cases) to identify additional variants in the same genes. Of the genes identified to carry de novo mutations, PTEN, VAPB and ASNA1 are supported by various sources of data to be involved in PD. We show that these genes are reported to be within a protein–protein interaction network with PD genes and that they contain additional rare, case-specific, mutations in our independent cohort of PD cases. Our results support the involvement of these three genes in PD and suggest that testing for de novo mutations in sporadic disease may aid in the identification of novel disease-causing genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Kun-Rodrigues
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Christos Ganos
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg 20246, Germany, Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Rita Guerreiro
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Susanne A Schneider
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Claudia Schulte
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Suzanne Lesage
- INSERM U M27, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Brain and Spinal Cord Institute (ICM), Paris 75013, France
| | - Lee Darwent
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Peter Holmans
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK and
| | - Andrew Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kailash Bhatia
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jose Bras
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3AR, UK,
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30
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Rovelet-Lecrux A, Charbonnier C, Wallon D, Nicolas G, Seaman MNJ, Pottier C, Breusegem SY, Mathur PP, Jenardhanan P, Le Guennec K, Mukadam AS, Quenez O, Coutant S, Rousseau S, Richard AC, Boland A, Deleuze JF, Frebourg T, Hannequin D, Campion D. De novo deleterious genetic variations target a biological network centered on Aβ peptide in early-onset Alzheimer disease. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:1046-56. [PMID: 26194182 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that de novo variants (DNV) might participate in the genetic determinism of sporadic early-onset Alzheimer disease (EOAD, onset before 65 years). We investigated 14 sporadic EOAD trios first by array-comparative genomic hybridization. Two patients carried a de novo copy number variation (CNV). We then performed whole-exome sequencing in the 12 remaining trios and identified 12 non-synonymous DNVs in six patients. The two de novo CNVs (an amyloid precursor protein (APP) duplication and a BACE2 intronic deletion) and 3/12 non-synonymous DNVs (in PSEN1, VPS35 and MARK4) targeted genes from a biological network centered on the Amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide. We showed that this a priori-defined genetic network was significantly enriched in amino acid-altering DNV, compared with the rest of the exome. The causality of the APP de novo duplication (which is the first reported one) was obvious. In addition, we provided evidence of the functional impact of the following three non-synonymous DNVs targeting this network: the novel PSEN1 variant resulted in exon 9 skipping in patient's RNA, leading to a pathogenic missense at exons 8-10 junction; the VPS35 missense variant led to partial loss of retromer function, which may impact neuronal APP trafficking and Aβ secretion; and the MARK4 multiple nucleotide variant resulted into increased Tau phosphorylation, which may trigger enhanced Aβ-induced toxicity. Despite the difficulty to recruit Alzheimer disease (AD) trios owing to age structures of the pedigrees and the genetic heterogeneity of the disease, this strategy allowed us to highlight the role of de novo pathogenic events, the putative involvement of new genes in AD genetics and the key role of Aβ network alteration in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rovelet-Lecrux
- Inserm U1079, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - C Charbonnier
- Inserm U1079, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - D Wallon
- Inserm U1079, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Department of Neurology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - G Nicolas
- Inserm U1079, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Department of Genetics, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - M N J Seaman
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research/Dept of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - C Pottier
- Inserm U1079, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - S Y Breusegem
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research/Dept of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - P P Mathur
- Centre of Bioinformatics and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India.,KIIT University, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
| | - P Jenardhanan
- Centre of Bioinformatics and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - K Le Guennec
- Inserm U1079, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - A S Mukadam
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research/Dept of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - O Quenez
- Inserm U1079, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - S Coutant
- Inserm U1079, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - S Rousseau
- Inserm U1079, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - A-C Richard
- Inserm U1079, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - A Boland
- Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, France
| | | | - T Frebourg
- Inserm U1079, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France.,Department of Genetics, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - D Hannequin
- Inserm U1079, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Department of Neurology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Department of Genetics, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - D Campion
- Inserm U1079, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Department of Research, Centre Hospitalier du Rouvray, Sotteville-Les-Rouen, France
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31
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Previously not recognized deletion in presenilin-1 (p.Leu174del.) in a patient with early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2013; 544:115-8. [PMID: 23583593 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on a previously not recognized mutation in exon 6 of presenilin-1 (PSEN1) (c.520_522delCTG) in a male patient with early onset familial Alzheimer disease. The mutation results in the deletion of a leucine at amino acid position 174 of the protein. The index patient presented with progressive memory loss at 50 years of age. Initially, depression was the only ancillary symptom. At age 53 clinical diagnosis of early Alzheimer disease was made based on neuropsychological, neuroimaging, and CSF findings. The patient's father and his paternal grandmother also suffered from memory loss and cognitive decline. The clinical findings in the patient are similar to signs and symptoms in previously reported patients with missense mutations at codon 174 of PSEN1.
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32
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Cerebellar dysfunction in a family harboring the PSEN1 mutation co-segregating with a cathepsin D variant p.A58V. J Neurol Sci 2013; 326:75-82. [PMID: 23415546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Presenile dementia may be caused by a variety of different genetic conditions such as familial Alzheimer's disease, prion disease as well as several hereditary metabolic disorders including adult onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. We report a multigenerational family with autosomal dominant presenile dementia harboring a cerebellar phenotype. Longitudinal clinical work-up in affected family members revealed ataxia accompanied by progressive cognitive decline, rapid loss of global cognition, memory, visuospatial and frontal-executive functions accompanied by progressive motor deterioration and early death. Linkage analysis and exome sequencing identified the p.S170F mutation of Presenilin 1 in all affected individuals, which is known to be associated with very early onset Alzheimer's disease. Additional search for potentially modifying variants revealed in all affected individuals of the third generation a paternally inherited variant p.A58V (rs17571) of Cathepsin D which is considered an independent risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Involvement of cerebellar and brainstem structures leading to functional decortication in addition to rapid progressive presenile dementia in this PSEN1 family may therefore indicate an epistatic effect of the p.A58V Cathepsin D variant on the deleterious course of this disease.
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33
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Cohn-Hokke PE, Elting MW, Pijnenburg YAL, van Swieten JC. Genetics of dementia: update and guidelines for the clinician. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2012; 159B:628-43. [PMID: 22815225 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With increased frequency, clinical geneticists are asked for genetic advice on the heredity of dementia in families. Alzheimer's disease is in most cases a complex disease, but may be autosomal dominant inherited. Mutations in the PSEN1 gene are the most common genetic cause of early onset Alzheimer's disease, whereas APP and PSEN2 gene mutations are less frequent. Familial frontotemporal dementia may be associated with a mutation in the MAPT or GRN gene, or with a repeat expansion in the C9orf72 gene. All these genes show autosomal dominant inheritance with a high penetrance. Although Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia are clinically distinguishable entities, phenotypical overlap may occur. Rarely, dementia is caused by mutations in other autosomal dominant genes or by genetic defects with autosomal recessive, X-linked dominant or mitochondrial inheritance. The inherited forms of frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease show a large phenotypic variability also within families, resulting in many remaining uncertainties for mutation carriers. Therefore, genetic counseling before performing genetic testing is essential in both symptomatic individuals and healthy at risk relatives. This review provides an overview of the genetic causes of dementia and discusses all aspects relevant for genetic counseling and testing. Furthermore, based on current knowledge, we provide algorithms for genetic testing in patients with early onset Alzheimer's disease or frontotemporal dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra E Cohn-Hokke
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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34
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Boyle JP, Hettiarachchi NT, Wilkinson JA, Pearson HA, Scragg JL, Lendon C, Al-Owais MM, Kim CB, Myers DM, Warburton P, Peers C. Cellular consequences of the expression of Alzheimer's disease-causing presenilin 1 mutations in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells. Brain Res 2012; 1443:75-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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35
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Girard SL, Rouleau GA. How de novo mutation studies will change our view of the genetics of neurological and psychiatric disorders. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl.11.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Université de Montréal, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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36
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Atypical presentation of a novel Presenilin 1 R377W mutation: sporadic, late-onset Alzheimer disease with epilepsy and frontotemporal atrophy. Neurol Sci 2011; 33:375-8. [PMID: 21822699 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-011-0714-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Mutations within Presenilin 1 (PSEN1) represent the most common cause of monogenic Alzheimer Disease (AD). The clinical phenotype is highly variable, even if early onset disease with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance and presenting memory deficits usually occur. In the present work, we described the case of a late-onset AD patient, without any positive family history for dementia, and associated with seizures and behavioural symptoms. Structural and functional neuroimaging showed frontotemporal changes without posterior biparietal brain abnormalities. Cerebrospinal analysis was consistent with AD pattern, with decreased Aβ42 and increased Tau and phospho-Tau. A novel pathogenetic mutation within PSEN1 gene was detected within exon 8, leading to a substitution from arginine to tryptophan (AGG > TGG: R377W), affecting a splice junction and protein function. The case herein reported further confirms the heterogeneity of PSEN1 mutations and the need to take into account genetic screening in those cases with atypical presentation.
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Langheinrich TC, Romanowski CAJ, Wharton S, Hadjivassiliou M. Presenilin-1 mutation associated with amnesia, ataxia, and medial temporal lobe T2 signal changes. Neurology 2011; 76:1435-6. [PMID: 21502605 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e318216eb5f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias C Langheinrich
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 3LJ, UK.
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Padovani A, Gilberti N, Borroni B. The usefulness of biological and neuroimaging markers for the diagnosis of early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 2011:296374. [PMID: 21559247 PMCID: PMC3087487 DOI: 10.4061/2011/296374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent proposed criteria for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) have strongly claimed the usefulness of biological and neuroimaging markers for early identification AD. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Tau/Abeta ratio, hippocampal atrophy, posterior cingulate, and neocortical associative area hypometabolism, or amyloid burden evaluated by PiB compound, held the premises to increase diagnostic accuracy in the preclinical disease stages. Despite many efforts to identify subjects at risk of developing AD, less attention has been paid to presenile AD diagnosis. A few data are already available in early onset AD, mainly obtained in cases of monogenic disorder. In this paper, we discuss the current literature on the role of biological and neuroimaging markers in presenile AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Padovani
- Centre for Ageing Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25125 Brescia, Italy
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