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Effects of Voluntary Sodium Consumption during the Perinatal Period on Renal Mechanisms, Blood Pressure, and Vasopressin Responses after an Osmotic Challenge in Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020254. [PMID: 36678125 PMCID: PMC9860675 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular control is vulnerable to forced high sodium consumption during the per-inatal period, inducing programming effects, with anatomical and molecular changes at the kidney, brain, and vascular levels that increase basal and induce blood pressure. However, the program- ming effects of the natriophilia proper of the perinatal period on blood pressure control have not yet been elucidated. In order to evaluate this, we studied the effect of a sodium overload challenge (SO) on blood pressure response and kidney and brain gene expression in adult offspring exposed to voluntary hypertonic sodium consumption during the perinatal period (PM-NaCl group). Male PM-NaCl rats showed a more sustained increase in blood pressure after SO than controls (PM-Ctrol). They also presented a reduced number of glomeruli, decreased expression of TRPV1, and increased expression of At1a in the kidney cortex. The relative expression of heteronuclear vaso- pressin (AVP hnRNA) and AVP in the supraoptic nucleus was unchanged after SO in PM-NaCl in contrast to the increase observed in PM-Ctrol. The data indicate that the availability of a rich source of sodium during the perinatal period induces a long-term effect modifying renal, cardiovascular, and neuroendocrine responses implicated in the control of hydroelectrolyte homeostasis.
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Dadam FM, Amigone JL, Vivas L, Macchione. Comparison of dipsogenic responses of adult rat offspring as a function of different perinatal programming models. Brain Res Bull 2022; 188:77-91. [PMID: 35882279 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The perinatal environment interacts with the genotype of the developing organism resulting in a unique phenotype through a developmental or perinatal programming phenomenon. However, it remains unclear how this phenomenon differentially affects particular targets expressing specific drinking responses depending on the perinatal conditions. The main goal of the present study was to compare the dipsogenic responses induced by different thirst models as a function of two perinatal manipulation models, defined by the maternal free access to hypertonic sodium solution and a partial aortic ligation (PAL-W/Na) or a sham-ligation (Sham-W/Na). The programmed adult offspring of both perinatal manipulated models responded similarly when was challenged by overnight water dehydration or after a sodium depletion showing a reduced water intake in comparison to the non-programmed animals. However, when animals were evaluated after a body sodium overload, only adult Sham-W/Na offspring showed drinking differences compared to PAL and control offspring. By analyzing the central neurobiological substrates involved, a significant increase in the number of Fos + cells was found after sodium depletion in the subfornical organ of both programmed groups and an increase in the number of Fos + cells in the dorsal raphe nucleus was only observed in adult depleted PAL-W/Na. Our results suggest that perinatal programming is a phenomenon that differentially affects particular targets which induce specific dipsogenic responses depending on matching between perinatal programming conditions and the osmotic challenge in the latter environment. Probably, each programmed-drinking phenotype has a particular set point to elicit specific repertoires of mechanisms to reestablish fluid balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Dadam
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - J L Amigone
- Sección de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital Privado, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - L Vivas
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Macchione
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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3
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Dadam F, Zádor F, Caeiro X, Szűcs E, Erdei AI, Samavati R, Gáspár R, Borsodi A, Vivas L. The effect of increased NaCl intake on rat brain endogenous μ-opioid receptor signalling. J Neuroendocrinol 2018; 30:e12585. [PMID: 29486102 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies demonstrate the significant role of central β-endorphin and its receptor, the μ-opioid receptor (MOR), in sodium intake regulation. The present study aimed to investigate the possible relationship between chronic high-NaCl intake and brain endogenous MOR functioning. We examined whether short-term (4 days) obligatory salt intake (2% NaCl solution) in rats induces changes in MOR mRNA expression, G-protein activity and MOR binding capacity in brain regions involved in salt intake regulation. Plasma osmolality and electrolyte concentrations after sodium overload and the initial and final body weight of the animals were also examined. After 4 days of obligatory hypertonic sodium chloride intake, there was clearly no difference in MOR mRNA expression and G-protein activity in the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO). In the brainstem, MOR binding capacity also remained unaltered, although the maximal efficacy of MOR G-protein significantly increased. Finally, no significant alterations were observed in plasma osmolality and electrolyte concentrations. Interestingly, animals that received sodium gained significantly less weight than control animals. In conclusion, we found no significant alterations in the MnPO and brainstem in the number of available cell surface MORs or de novo syntheses of MOR after hypertonic sodium intake. The increased MOR G-protein activity following acute sodium overconsumption may participate in the maintenance of normal blood pressure levels and/or in enhancing sodium taste aversion and sodium overload-induced anorexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Dadam
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - F Zádor
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - X Caeiro
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - E Szűcs
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - A I Erdei
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - R Samavati
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - R Gáspár
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - A Borsodi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - L Vivas
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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4
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Abstract
The World Health Organization suggests that the cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major cause of mortality and account for two-thirds of the deaths all over the world. These diseases kill about 17 million people every year and 3 in every 10 deaths are due to these diseases. The past decade has seen considerable improvements in diagnosis as well as treatment of various heart diseases. Various new therapeutic targets are being identified through in-depth knowledge of the disease mechanisms which has favored the testing of new strategies leading to newer treatment options. Opioid peptides and G-protein-coupled opioid receptors (ORs) have been previously studied widely in terms of central nervous system actions in mitigating the pain and drug abuse. The OR agonism or antagonism induces cytoprotective states in the myocardium, rendering these receptors as an attractive target for protection of heart from the fatal heart diseases. The opioids can provide an extended window of protection of the heart from various diseases. Although the mechanisms may not be fully understood, they seem to play a crucial role in various CVDs such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, ischemic heart disease myocardial ischemia, and congestive heart failure. Since these compounds are already being used in acute and chronic pain, soon these compounds might be approved for use as cardioprotective agents. The following review focuses on the new information acquired on the role of the ORs in various CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemangi Rawal
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Marchese NA, Paz MC, Caeiro X, Dadam FM, Baiardi G, Perez MF, Bregonzio C. Angiotensin II AT 1 receptors mediate neuronal sensitization and sustained blood pressure response induced by a single injection of amphetamine. Neuroscience 2016; 340:521-529. [PMID: 27856342 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A single exposure to amphetamine induces neurochemical sensitization in striatal areas. The neuropeptide angiotensin II, through AT1 receptors (AT1-R) activation, is involved in these responses. However, amphetamine-induced alterations can be extended to extra-striatal areas involved in blood pressure control and their physiological outcomes. Our aim for the present study was to analyze the possible role for AT1-R in these events using a two-injection protocol and to further characterize the proposed AT1-R antagonism protocol. Central effect of orally administered AT1-R blocker (Candesartan, 3mg/kg p.o.×5days) in male Wistar rats was analyzed by spontaneous activity of neurons within locus coeruleus. In another group of animals pretreated with the AT1-R blocker or vehicle, sensitization was achieved by a single administration of amphetamine (5mg/kg i.p. - day 6) followed by a 3-week period off drug. On day 27, after receiving an amphetamine challenge (0.5mg/kg i.p.), we evaluated: (1) the sensitized c-Fos expression in locus coeruleus (LC), nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), caudal ventrolateral medulla (A1) and central amygdala (CeAmy); and (2) the blood pressure response. AT1-R blockade decreased LC neurons' spontaneous firing rate. Moreover, sensitized c-Fos immunoreactivity in TH+neurons was found in LC and NTS; and both responses were blunted by the AT1-R blocker pretreatment. Meanwhile, no differences were found neither in CeAmy nor A1. Sensitized blood pressure response was observed as sustained changes in mean arterial pressure and was effectively prevented by AT1-R blockade. Our results extend AT1-R role in amphetamine-induced sensitization over noradrenergic nuclei and their cardiovascular output.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Marchese
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M C Paz
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - X Caeiro
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - F M Dadam
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - G Baiardi
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, (IIBYT-CONICET) Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M F Perez
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - C Bregonzio
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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McKinley MJ, Yao ST, Uschakov A, McAllen RM, Rundgren M, Martelli D. The median preoptic nucleus: front and centre for the regulation of body fluid, sodium, temperature, sleep and cardiovascular homeostasis. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 214:8-32. [PMID: 25753944 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Located in the midline anterior wall of the third cerebral ventricle (i.e. the lamina terminalis), the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) receives a unique set of afferent neural inputs from fore-, mid- and hindbrain. These afferent connections enable it to receive neural signals related to several important aspects of homeostasis. Included in these afferent projections are (i) neural inputs from two adjacent circumventricular organs, the subfornical organ and organum vasculosum laminae terminalis, that respond to hypertonicity, circulating angiotensin II or other humoural factors, (ii) signals from cutaneous warm and cold receptors that are relayed to MnPO, respectively, via different subnuclei in the lateral parabrachial nucleus and (iii) input from the medulla associated with baroreceptor and vagal afferents. These afferent signals reach appropriate neurones within the MnPO that enable relevant neural outputs, both excitatory and inhibitory, to be activated or inhibited. The efferent neural pathways that proceed from the MnPO terminate on (i) neuroendocrine cells in the hypothalamic supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei to regulate vasopressin release, while polysynaptic pathways from MnPO to cortical sites may drive thirst and water intake, (ii) thermoregulatory pathways to the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus and medullary raphé to regulate shivering, brown adipose tissue and skin vasoconstriction, (iii) parvocellular neurones in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus that drive autonomic pathways influencing cardiovascular function. As well, (iv) other efferent pathways from the MnPO to sites in the ventrolateral pre-optic nucleus, perifornical region of the lateral hypothalamic area and midbrain influence sleep mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. J. McKinley
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. Australia
- Department of Physiology; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - S. T. Yao
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - A. Uschakov
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - R. M. McAllen
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - M. Rundgren
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - D. Martelli
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. Australia
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
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Macchione AF, Beas C, Dadam FM, Caeiro XE, Godino A, Ponce LF, Amigone JL, Vivas L. Early free access to hypertonic NaCl solution induces a long-term effect on drinking, brain cell activity and gene expression of adult rat offspring. Neuroscience 2015; 298:120-36. [PMID: 25872186 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to an altered osmotic environment during a pre/postnatal period can differentially program the fluid intake and excretion pattern profile in a way that persists until adulthood. However, knowledge about the programming effects on the underlying brain neurochemical circuits of thirst and hydroelectrolyte balance, and its relation with behavioral outputs, is limited. We evaluated whether early voluntary intake of hypertonic NaCl solution may program adult offspring fluid balance, plasma vasopressin, neural activity, and brain vasopressin and angiotensinergic receptor type 1a (AT1a)-receptor gene expression. The manipulation (M) period covered dams from 1 week before conception until offspring turned 1-month-old. The experimental groups were (i) Free access to hypertonic NaCl solution (0.45 M NaCl), food (0.18% NaCl) and water [M-Na]; and (ii) Free access to food and water only [M-Ctrol]. Male offspring (2-month-old) were subjected to iv infusion (0.15 ml/min) of hypertonic (1.5M NaCl), isotonic (0.15M NaCl) or sham infusion during 20 min. Cumulative water intake (140 min) and drinking latency to the first lick were recorded from the start of the infusion. Our results indicate that, after systemic sodium overload, the M-Na group had increased water intake, and diminished neuronal activity (Fos-immunoreactivity) in the subfornical organ (SFO) and nucleus of the solitary tract. They also showed reduced relative vasopressin (AVP)-mRNA and AT1a-mRNA expression at the supraoptic nucleus and SFO, respectively. The data indicate that the availability of a rich source of sodium during the pre/postnatal period induces a long-term effect on drinking, neural activity, and brain gene expression implicated in the control of hydroelectrolyte balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Macchione
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - C Beas
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - F M Dadam
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - X E Caeiro
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - A Godino
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - L F Ponce
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - J L Amigone
- Sección de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital Privado, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - L Vivas
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Smith JA, Pati D, Wang L, de Kloet AD, Frazier CJ, Krause EG. Hydration and beyond: neuropeptides as mediators of hydromineral balance, anxiety and stress-responsiveness. Front Syst Neurosci 2015; 9:46. [PMID: 25873866 PMCID: PMC4379895 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Challenges to body fluid homeostasis can have a profound impact on hypothalamic regulation of stress responsiveness. Deficiencies in blood volume or sodium concentration leads to the generation of neural and humoral signals relayed through the hindbrain and circumventricular organs that apprise the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) of hydromineral imbalance. Collectively, these neural and humoral signals converge onto PVH neurons, including those that express corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF), oxytocin (OT), and vasopressin, to influence their activity and initiate compensatory responses that alleviate hydromineral imbalance. Interestingly, following exposure to perceived threats to homeostasis, select limbic brain regions mediate behavioral and physiological responses to psychogenic stressors, in part, by influencing activation of the same PVH neurons that are known to maintain body fluid homeostasis. Here, we review past and present research examining interactions between hypothalamic circuits regulating body fluid homeostasis and those mediating behavioral and physiological responses to psychogenic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A. Smith
- Laboratory of Dr. Eric Krause, Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dipanwita Pati
- Laboratory of Dr. Charles Frazier, Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Laboratory of Dr. Eric Krause, Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Annette D. de Kloet
- Laboratory of Dr. Colin Sumners, Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Charles J. Frazier
- Laboratory of Dr. Charles Frazier, Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Eric G. Krause
- Laboratory of Dr. Eric Krause, Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
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Fregoneze JB, Oliveira EF, Ribeiro VF, Ferreira HS, De Castro E Silva E. Multiple opioid receptors mediate the hypotensive response induced by central 5-HT(3) receptor stimulation. Neuropeptides 2011; 45:219-27. [PMID: 21514668 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2010] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to investigate the role of brain μ, κ and δ opioid receptors in the central serotonergic mechanisms regulating blood pressure in rats. The data obtained show that: (1) pharmacological activation of central 5-HT(3) receptors yields a significant decrease in blood pressure; (2) the blockade of those receptors by a selective antagonist induces an acute hypertensive response; (3) the pharmacological blockade of central opioid receptors by three different opioid antagonists exhibiting variable degrees of selectivity to μ, κ and δ opioid receptors always suppressed the hypotensive response induced by central 5-HT(3) receptor stimulation; (4) the blockade of opioid receptors by the same opioid antagonists that impaired the hypotensive effect of central 5-HT(3) receptor stimulation failed to modify blood pressure in animals not submitted to pharmacological manipulations of central 5-HT(3) receptor function. It is shown that a 5-HT(3) receptor-dependent mechanism seems to be part of the brain serotonergic system that contributes to cardiovascular regulation since the hypertensive response observed after ondansetron administration indicates that central 5-HT(3) receptors exert a tonic inhibitory drive on blood pressure. Furthermore, the data obtained here clearly indicate that the hypotensive response observed after pharmacological stimulation of central 5-HT(3) receptors depends on the functional integrity of brain μ, κ and δ opioid receptors, suggesting that a functional interaction between serotonergic and opiatergic pathways in the brain is part of the complex, multifactorial system that regulates blood pressure in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Fregoneze
- Department of Physiology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
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10
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β-Endorphinergic system involvement in the inhibitory action of clonidine on induced sodium appetite. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 167:222-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2011.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
This paper is the 31st consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2008 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration and thermoregulation (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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