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Johnson TD, Gallagher AJ, Coulson S, Rangel LM. Network resonance and the auditory steady state response. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16799. [PMID: 39039107 PMCID: PMC11263589 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66697-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The auditory steady state response (ASSR) arises when periodic sounds evoke stable responses in auditory networks that reflect the acoustic characteristics of the stimuli, such as the amplitude of the sound envelope. Larger for some stimulus rates than others, the ASSR in the human electroencephalogram (EEG) is notably maximal for sounds modulated in amplitude at 40 Hz. To investigate the local circuit underpinnings of the large ASSR to 40 Hz amplitude-modulated (AM) sounds, we acquired skull EEG and local field potential (LFP) recordings from primary auditory cortex (A1) in the rat during the presentation of 20, 30, 40, 50, and 80 Hz AM tones. 40 Hz AM tones elicited the largest ASSR from the EEG acquired above auditory cortex and the LFP acquired from each cortical layer in A1. The large ASSR in the EEG to 40 Hz AM tones was not due to larger instantaneous amplitude of the signals or to greater phase alignment of the LFP across the cortical layers. Instead, it resulted from decreased latency variability (or enhanced temporal consistency) of the 40 Hz response. Statistical models indicate the EEG signal was best predicted by LFPs in either the most superficial or deep cortical layers, suggesting deep layer coordinators of the ASSR. Overall, our results indicate that the recruitment of non-uniform but more temporally consistent responses across A1 layers underlie the larger ASSR to amplitude-modulated tones at 40 Hz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teryn D Johnson
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Austin J Gallagher
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Seana Coulson
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Lara M Rangel
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA.
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2
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Jonak CR, Assad SA, Garcia TA, Sandhu MS, Rumschlag JA, Razak KA, Binder DK. Phenotypic analysis of multielectrode array EEG biomarkers in developing and adult male Fmr1 KO mice. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 195:106496. [PMID: 38582333 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is a leading known genetic cause of intellectual disability with symptoms that include increased anxiety and social and sensory processing deficits. Recent electroencephalographic (EEG) studies in humans with FXS have identified neural oscillation deficits that include increased resting state gamma power, increased amplitude of auditory evoked potentials, and reduced phase locking of sound-evoked gamma oscillations. Similar EEG phenotypes are present in mouse models of FXS, but very little is known about the development of such abnormal responses. In the current study, we employed a 30-channel mouse multielectrode array (MEA) system to record and analyze resting and stimulus-evoked EEG signals in male P21 and P91 WT and Fmr1 KO mice. This led to several novel findings. First, P91, but not P21, Fmr1 KO mice have significantly increased resting EEG power in the low- and high-gamma frequency bands. Second, both P21 and P91 Fmr1 KO mice have markedly attenuated inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC) to spectrotemporally dynamic auditory stimuli as well as to 40 Hz and 80 Hz auditory steady-state response (ASSR) stimuli. This suggests abnormal temporal processing from early development that may lead to abnormal speech and language function in FXS. Third, we found hemispheric asymmetry of fast temporal processing in the mouse auditory cortex in WT but not Fmr1 KO mice. Together, these findings define a set of EEG phenotypes in young and adult mice that can serve as translational targets for genetic and pharmacological manipulation in phenotypic rescue studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie R Jonak
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - Samantha A Assad
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - Terese A Garcia
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - Manbir S Sandhu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey A Rumschlag
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Khaleel A Razak
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - Devin K Binder
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States of America; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States of America.
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3
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Mockevičius A, Yokota Y, Tarailis P, Hasegawa H, Naruse Y, Griškova-Bulanova I. Extraction of Individual EEG Gamma Frequencies from the Responses to Click-Based Chirp-Modulated Sounds. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23052826. [PMID: 36905030 PMCID: PMC10007152 DOI: 10.3390/s23052826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Activity in the gamma range is related to many sensory and cognitive processes that are impaired in neuropsychiatric conditions. Therefore, individualized measures of gamma-band activity are considered to be potential markers that reflect the state of networks within the brain. Relatively little has been studied in respect of the individual gamma frequency (IGF) parameter. The methodology for determining the IGF is not well established. In the present work, we tested the extraction of IGFs from electroencephalogram (EEG) data in two datasets where subjects received auditory stimulation consisting of clicks with varying inter-click periods, covering a 30-60 Hz range: in 80 young subjects EEG was recorded with 64 gel-based electrodes; in 33 young subjects, EEG was recorded using three active dry electrodes. IGFs were extracted from either fifteen or three electrodes in frontocentral regions by estimating the individual-specific frequency that most consistently exhibited high phase locking during the stimulation. The method showed overall high reliability of extracted IGFs for all extraction approaches; however, averaging over channels resulted in somewhat higher reliability scores. This work demonstrates that the estimation of individual gamma frequency is possible using a limited number of both the gel and dry electrodes from responses to click-based chirp-modulated sounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurimas Mockevičius
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Yusuke Yokota
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Saka University, Kobe 651-2492, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Povilas Tarailis
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Hatsunori Hasegawa
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Saka University, Kobe 651-2492, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Naruse
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Saka University, Kobe 651-2492, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Inga Griškova-Bulanova
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Janz P, Bainier M, Marashli S, Schoenenberger P, Valencia M, Redondo RL. Neurexin1α knockout rats display oscillatory abnormalities and sensory processing deficits back-translating key endophenotypes of psychiatric disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:455. [PMID: 36307390 PMCID: PMC9616904 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurexins are presynaptic transmembrane proteins crucial for synapse development and organization. Deletion and missense mutations in all three Neurexin genes have been identified in psychiatric disorders, with mutations in the NRXN1 gene most strongly linked to schizophrenia (SZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While the consequences of NRXN1 deletion have been extensively studied on the synaptic and behavioral levels, circuit endophenotypes that translate to the human condition have not been characterized yet. Therefore, we investigated the electrophysiology of cortico-striatal-thalamic circuits in Nrxn1α-/- rats and wildtype littermates focusing on a set of translational readouts, including spontaneous oscillatory activity, auditory-evoked oscillations and potentials, as well as mismatch negativity-like (MMN) responses and responses to social stimuli. On the behavioral level Nrxn1α-/- rats showed locomotor hyperactivity. In vivo freely moving electrophysiology revealed pronounced increases of spontaneous oscillatory power within the gamma band in all studied brain areas and elevation of gamma coherence in cortico-striatal and thalamocortical circuits of Nrxn1α-/- rats. In contrast, auditory-evoked oscillations driven by chirp-modulated tones showed reduced power in cortical areas confined to slower oscillations. Finally, Nrxn1α-/- rats exhibited altered auditory evoked-potentials and profound deficits in MMN-like responses, explained by reduced prediction error. Despite deficits for auditory stimuli, responses to social stimuli appeared intact. A central hypothesis for psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders is that a disbalance of excitation-to-inhibition is underlying oscillatory and sensory deficits. In a first attempt to explore the impact of inhibitory circuit modulation, we assessed the effects of enhancing tonic inhibition via δ-containing GABAA receptors (using Gaboxadol) on endophenotypes possibly associated with network hyperexcitability. Pharmacological experiments applying Gaboxadol showed genotype-specific differences, but failed to normalize oscillatory or sensory processing abnormalities. In conclusion, our study revealed endophenotypes in Nrxn1α-/- rats that could be used as translational biomarkers for drug development in psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Janz
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery & Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Marie Bainier
- grid.417570.00000 0004 0374 1269Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery & Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Marashli
- grid.417570.00000 0004 0374 1269Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery & Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Schoenenberger
- grid.417570.00000 0004 0374 1269Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery & Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Miguel Valencia
- grid.5924.a0000000419370271Universidad de Navarra, CIMA, Program of Neuroscience, 31080 Pamplona, Spain ,grid.508840.10000 0004 7662 6114IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31080 Pamplona, Spain ,grid.5924.a0000000419370271Institute of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Universidad de Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Roger L. Redondo
- grid.417570.00000 0004 0374 1269Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery & Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
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Jonak CR, Pedapati EV, Schmitt LM, Assad SA, Sandhu MS, DeStefano L, Ethridge L, Razak KA, Sweeney JA, Binder DK, Erickson CA. Baclofen-associated neurophysiologic target engagement across species in fragile X syndrome. J Neurodev Disord 2022; 14:52. [PMID: 36167501 PMCID: PMC9513876 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-022-09455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited form of neurodevelopmental disability. It is often characterized, especially in males, by intellectual disability, anxiety, repetitive behavior, social communication deficits, delayed language development, and abnormal sensory processing. Recently, we identified electroencephalographic (EEG) biomarkers that are conserved between the mouse model of FXS (Fmr1 KO mice) and humans with FXS. METHODS In this report, we evaluate small molecule target engagement utilizing multielectrode array electrophysiology in the Fmr1 KO mouse and in humans with FXS. Neurophysiologic target engagement was evaluated using single doses of the GABAB selective agonist racemic baclofen (RBAC). RESULTS In Fmr1 KO mice and in humans with FXS, baclofen use was associated with suppression of elevated gamma power and increase in low-frequency power at rest. In the Fmr1 KO mice, a baclofen-associated improvement in auditory chirp synchronization was also noted. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we noted synchronized target engagement of RBAC on resting state electrophysiology, in particular the reduction of aberrant high frequency gamma activity, across species in FXS. This finding holds promise for translational medicine approaches to drug development for FXS, synchronizing treatment study across species using well-established EEG biological markers in this field. TRIAL REGISTRATION The human experiments are registered under NCT02998151.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie R. Jonak
- grid.266097.c0000 0001 2222 1582Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | - Ernest V. Pedapati
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA ,grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA ,grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Lauren M. Schmitt
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA ,grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Samantha A. Assad
- grid.266097.c0000 0001 2222 1582Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | - Manbir S. Sandhu
- grid.266097.c0000 0001 2222 1582Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | - Lisa DeStefano
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA ,grid.266900.b0000 0004 0447 0018Department of Psychology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK USA
| | - Lauren Ethridge
- grid.266900.b0000 0004 0447 0018Department of Psychology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK USA ,grid.266902.90000 0001 2179 3618Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Khaleel A. Razak
- grid.266097.c0000 0001 2222 1582Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, USA ,grid.266097.c0000 0001 2222 1582Psychology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | - John A. Sweeney
- grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Devin K. Binder
- grid.266097.c0000 0001 2222 1582Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, USA ,grid.266097.c0000 0001 2222 1582Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | - Craig A. Erickson
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA ,grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
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Janz P, Nicolas MJ, Redondo RL, Valencia M.
GABA
B
R
activation partially normalizes acute
NMDAR
hypofunction oscillatory abnormalities but fails to rescue sensory processing deficits. J Neurochem 2022; 161:417-434. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Janz
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann‐La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel Switzerland
| | - Maria Jesus Nicolas
- Universidad de Navarra, CIMA, Program of Neuroscience, 31080 Pamplona Spain
- IdiSNA Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31080 Pamplona Spain
| | - Roger L. Redondo
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann‐La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel Switzerland
| | - Miguel Valencia
- Universidad de Navarra, CIMA, Program of Neuroscience, 31080 Pamplona Spain
- IdiSNA Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31080 Pamplona Spain
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Rais M, Lovelace JW, Shuai XS, Woodard W, Bishay S, Estrada L, Sharma AR, Nguy A, Kulinich A, Pirbhoy PS, Palacios AR, Nelson DL, Razak KA, Ethell IM. Functional consequences of postnatal interventions in a mouse model of Fragile X syndrome. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 162:105577. [PMID: 34871737 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a leading genetic cause of autism and intellectual disability with cortical hyperexcitability and sensory hypersensitivity attributed to loss and hypofunction of inhibitory parvalbumin-expressing (PV) cells. Our studies provide novel insights into the role of excitatory neurons in abnormal development of PV cells during a postnatal period of inhibitory circuit refinement. METHODS To achieve Fragile X mental retardation gene (Fmr1) deletion and re-expression in excitatory neurons during the postnatal day (P)14-P21 period, we generated CreCaMKIIa/Fmr1Flox/y (cOFF) and CreCaMKIIa/Fmr1FloxNeo/y (cON) mice, respectively. Cortical phenotypes were evaluated in adult mice using biochemical, cellular, clinically relevant electroencephalogram (EEG) and behavioral tests. RESULTS We found that similar to global Fmr1 KO mice, the density of PV-expressing cells, their activation, and sound-evoked gamma synchronization were impaired in cOFF mice, but the phenotypes were improved in cON mice. cOFF mice also showed enhanced cortical gelatinase activity and baseline EEG gamma power, which were reduced in cON mice. In addition, TrkB phosphorylation and PV levels were lower in cOFF mice, which also showed increased locomotor activity and anxiety-like behaviors. Remarkably, when FMRP levels were restored in only excitatory neurons during the P14-P21 period, TrkB phosphorylation and mouse behaviors were also improved. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that postnatal deletion or re-expression of FMRP in excitatory neurons is sufficient to elicit or ameliorate structural and functional cortical deficits, and abnormal behaviors in mice, informing future studies about appropriate treatment windows and providing fundamental insights into the cellular mechanisms of cortical circuit dysfunction in FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maham Rais
- Division of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jonathan W Lovelace
- Department of Psychology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Xinghao S Shuai
- Division of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Walker Woodard
- Division of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Steven Bishay
- Division of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Leo Estrada
- Division of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Ashwin R Sharma
- Division of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Austin Nguy
- Division of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Anna Kulinich
- Division of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Patricia S Pirbhoy
- Division of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Arnold R Palacios
- Division of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | | | - Khaleel A Razak
- Department of Psychology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Iryna M Ethell
- Division of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Pirbhoy PS, Jonak CR, Syed R, Argueta DA, Perez PA, Wiley MB, Hessamian K, Lovelace JW, Razak KA, DiPatrizio NV, Ethell IM, Binder DK. Increased 2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol levels normalize cortical responses to sound and improve behaviors in Fmr1 KO mice. J Neurodev Disord 2021; 13:47. [PMID: 34645383 PMCID: PMC8513313 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-021-09394-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals with Fragile X syndrome (FXS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit an array of symptoms, including sociability deficits, increased anxiety, hyperactivity, and sensory hyperexcitability. It is unclear how endocannabinoid (eCB) modulation can be targeted to alleviate neurophysiological abnormalities in FXS as behavioral research reveals benefits to inhibiting cannabinoid (CB) receptor activation and increasing endocannabinoid ligand levels. Here, we hypothesize that enhancement of 2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol (2-AG) in Fragile X mental retardation 1 gene knock-out (Fmr1 KO) mice may reduce cortical hyperexcitability and behavioral abnormalities observed in FXS. Methods To test whether an increase in 2-AG levels normalized cortical responses in a mouse model of FXS, animals were subjected to electroencephalography (EEG) recording and behavioral assessment following treatment with JZL-184, an irreversible inhibitor of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). Assessment of 2-AG was performed using lipidomic analysis in conjunction with various doses and time points post-administration of JZL-184. Baseline electrocortical activity and evoked responses to sound stimuli were measured using a 30-channel multielectrode array (MEA) in adult male mice before, 4 h, and 1 day post-intraperitoneal injection of JZL-184 or vehicle. Behavior assessment was done using the open field and elevated plus maze 4 h post-treatment. Results Lipidomic analysis showed that 8 mg/kg JZL-184 significantly increased the levels of 2-AG in the auditory cortex of both Fmr1 KO and WT mice 4 h post-treatment compared to vehicle controls. EEG recordings revealed a reduction in the abnormally enhanced baseline gamma-band power in Fmr1 KO mice and significantly improved evoked synchronization to auditory stimuli in the gamma-band range post-JZL-184 treatment. JZL-184 treatment also ameliorated anxiety-like and hyperactivity phenotypes in Fmr1 KO mice. Conclusions Overall, these results indicate that increasing 2-AG levels may serve as a potential therapeutic approach to normalize cortical responses and improve behavioral outcomes in FXS and possibly other ASDs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s11689-021-09394-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia S Pirbhoy
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Carrie R Jonak
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Rashid Syed
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Donovan A Argueta
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Pedro A Perez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Mark B Wiley
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Keon Hessamian
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Jonathan W Lovelace
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Khaleel A Razak
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Nicholas V DiPatrizio
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Iryna M Ethell
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Devin K Binder
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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9
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Lovelace JW, Rais M, Palacios AR, Shuai XS, Bishay S, Popa O, Pirbhoy PS, Binder DK, Nelson DL, Ethell IM, Razak KA. Deletion of Fmr1 from Forebrain Excitatory Neurons Triggers Abnormal Cellular, EEG, and Behavioral Phenotypes in the Auditory Cortex of a Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:969-988. [PMID: 31364704 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a leading genetic cause of autism with symptoms that include sensory processing deficits. In both humans with FXS and a mouse model [Fmr1 knockout (KO) mouse], electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings show enhanced resting state gamma power and reduced sound-evoked gamma synchrony. We previously showed that elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) may contribute to these phenotypes by affecting perineuronal nets (PNNs) around parvalbumin (PV) interneurons in the auditory cortex of Fmr1 KO mice. However, how different cell types within local cortical circuits contribute to these deficits is not known. Here, we examined whether Fmr1 deletion in forebrain excitatory neurons affects neural oscillations, MMP-9 activity, and PV/PNN expression in the auditory cortex. We found that cortical MMP-9 gelatinase activity, mTOR/Akt phosphorylation, and resting EEG gamma power were enhanced in CreNex1/Fmr1Flox/y conditional KO (cKO) mice, whereas the density of PV/PNN cells was reduced. The CreNex1/Fmr1Flox/y cKO mice also show increased locomotor activity, but not the anxiety-like behaviors. These results indicate that fragile X mental retardation protein changes in excitatory neurons in the cortex are sufficient to elicit cellular, electrophysiological, and behavioral phenotypes in Fmr1 KO mice. More broadly, these results indicate that local cortical circuit abnormalities contribute to sensory processing deficits in autism spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maham Rais
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Otilia Popa
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine
| | | | - Devin K Binder
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine.,Graduate Neuroscience Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521,USA
| | - David L Nelson
- Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Iryna M Ethell
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine.,Graduate Neuroscience Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521,USA
| | - Khaleel A Razak
- Department of Psychology.,Graduate Neuroscience Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521,USA
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10
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Jonak CR, Sandhu MS, Assad SA, Barbosa JA, Makhija M, Binder DK. The PDE10A Inhibitor TAK-063 Reverses Sound-Evoked EEG Abnormalities in a Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1175-1187. [PMID: 33594533 PMCID: PMC8423959 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01005-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a genetic neurodevelopmental syndrome characterized by increased anxiety, repetitive behaviors, social communication deficits, delayed language development, and abnormal sensory processing. Recently, we have identified electroencephalographic (EEG) biomarkers that are conserved between the mouse model of FXS (Fmr1 KO mice) and humans with FXS. In this study, we test a specific candidate mechanism for engagement of multielectrode array (MEA) EEG biomarkers in the FXS mouse model. We administered TAK-063, a potent, selective, and orally active phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) inhibitor, to Fmr1 KO mice, and examined its effects on MEA EEG biomarkers. We demonstrate significant dose-related amelioration of inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC) to temporally modulated auditory stimuli by TAK-063 in Fmr1 KO mice. Our data suggest that TAK-063 improves cortical auditory stimulus processing in Fmr1 KO mice, without significantly depressing baseline EEG power or causing any noticeable sedation or behavioral side effects. Thus, the PDE10A inhibitor TAK-063 has salutary effects on normalizing EEG biomarkers in a mouse model of FXS and should be pursued in further translational treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie R Jonak
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Manbir S Sandhu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Samantha A Assad
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Jacqueline A Barbosa
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Mahindra Makhija
- Takeda International - UK, Rare Diseases Therapeutic Area Unit, 1 Kingdom Street, London, W2 6BD, UK
| | - Devin K Binder
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
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11
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Lovelace JW, Ethell IM, Binder DK, Razak KA. Minocycline Treatment Reverses Sound Evoked EEG Abnormalities in a Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:771. [PMID: 32848552 PMCID: PMC7417521 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is a leading known genetic cause of intellectual disability. Many symptoms of FXS overlap with those in autism including repetitive behaviors, language delays, anxiety, social impairments and sensory processing deficits. Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings from humans with FXS and an animal model, the Fmr1 knockout (KO) mouse, show remarkably similar phenotypes suggesting that EEG phenotypes can serve as biomarkers for developing treatments. This includes enhanced resting gamma band power and sound evoked total power, and reduced fidelity of temporal processing and habituation of responses to repeated sounds. Given the therapeutic potential of the antibiotic minocycline in humans with FXS and animal models, it is important to determine sensitivity and selectivity of EEG responses to minocycline. Therefore, in this study, we examined if a 10-day treatment of adult Fmr1 KO mice with minocycline (oral gavage, 30 mg/kg per day) would reduce EEG abnormalities. We tested if minocycline treatment has specific effects based on the EEG measurement type (e.g., resting versus sound-evoked) from the frontal and auditory cortex of the Fmr1 KO mice. We show increased resting EEG gamma power and reduced phase locking to time varying stimuli as well as the 40 Hz auditory steady state response in the Fmr1 KO mice in the pre-drug condition. Minocycline treatment increased gamma band phase locking in response to auditory stimuli, and reduced sound-evoked power of auditory event related potentials (ERP) in Fmr1 KO mice compared to vehicle treatment. Minocycline reduced resting EEG gamma power in Fmr1 KO mice, but this effect was similar to vehicle treatment. We also report frequency band-specific effects on EEG responses. Taken together, these data indicate that sound-evoked EEG responses may serve as more sensitive measures, compared to resting EEG measures, to isolate minocycline effects from placebo in humans with FXS. Given the use of minocycline and EEG recordings in a number of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental conditions, these findings may be more broadly applicable in translational neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Lovelace
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Iryna M Ethell
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States.,Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Devin K Binder
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States.,Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Khaleel A Razak
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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Pirbhoy PS, Rais M, Lovelace JW, Woodard W, Razak KA, Binder DK, Ethell IM. Acute pharmacological inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity during development restores perineuronal net formation and normalizes auditory processing in Fmr1 KO mice. J Neurochem 2020; 155:538-558. [PMID: 32374912 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit cognitive impairments, social deficits, increased anxiety, and sensory hyperexcitability. Previously, we showed that elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) may contribute to abnormal development of parvalbumin (PV) interneurons and perineuronal nets (PNNs) in the developing auditory cortex (AC) of Fmr1 knock-out (KO) mice, which likely underlie auditory hypersensitivity. Thus, MMP-9 may serve as a potential target for treatment of auditory hypersensitivity in FXS. Here, we used the MMP-2/9 inhibitor, SB-3CT, to pharmacologically inhibit MMP-9 activity during a specific developmental period and to test whether inhibition of MMP-9 activity reverses neural oscillation deficits and behavioral impairments by enhancing PNN formation around PV cells in Fmr1 KO mice. Electroencephalography (EEG) was used to measure resting state and sound-evoked electrocortical activity in auditory and frontal cortices of postnatal day (P)22-23 male mice before and one-day after treatment with SB-3CT (25 mg/kg) or vehicle. At P27-28, animal behaviors were tested to measure the effects of the treatment on anxiety and hyperactivity. Results show that acute inhibition of MMP-9 activity improved evoked synchronization to auditory stimuli and ameliorated mouse behavioral deficits. MMP-9 inhibition enhanced PNN formation, increased PV levels and TrkB phosphorylation yet reduced Akt phosphorylation in the AC of Fmr1 KO mice. Our results show that MMP-9 inhibition during early postnatal development is beneficial in reducing some auditory processing deficits in the FXS mouse model and may serve as a candidate therapeutic for reversing sensory hypersensitivity in FXS and possibly other ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia S Pirbhoy
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Maham Rais
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan W Lovelace
- Department of Psychology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Walker Woodard
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Khaleel A Razak
- Department of Psychology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Devin K Binder
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Iryna M Ethell
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
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Binder M, Górska U, Pipinis E, Voicikas A, Griskova-Bulanova I. Auditory steady-state response to chirp-modulated tones: A pilot study in patients with disorders of consciousness. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 27:102261. [PMID: 32388346 PMCID: PMC7215243 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chirp-evoked responses were evaluated in patients with disorders of consciousness. PLI estimates in 38–42 Hz window positively correlated with the CRS-R total score. Gamma-range evoked activity may indicate the integrity of thalamocortical networks.
Objective Due to the problems with behavioral diagnosis of patients with prolonged DOC (disorders of consciousness), complementary approaches based on objective measurement of neural function are necessary. In this pilot study, we assessed the sensitivity of auditory chirp-evoked responses to the state of patients with severe brain injury as measured with CRS-R (Coma Recovery Scale - Revised). Methods A convenience sample of fifteen DOC patients was included in the study. Auditory stimuli, chirp-modulated at 1–120 Hz were used to evoke auditory steady-state response (ASSR). Phase-locking index (PLI) estimates within low gamma and high gamma windows were evaluated. Results The PLI estimates within a narrow low gamma 38–42 Hz window positively correlated with the CRS-R total score and with the scores of the Auditory and Visual Function subscales. In the same low gamma window, significant difference in the PLIs was found between minimally conscious (MCS) and vegetative state (VS) patients. We did not observe any between-group differences nor any significant correlations with CRS-R scores in the high gamma window (80–110 Hz). Conclusions Our results support the notion that the activity around 40 Hz may serve as a possible marker of the integrity of thalamocortical networks in prolonged DOC patients. Significance Auditory steady-state responses at gamma-band frequencies highlight the role of upper parts of auditory system in evaluation of the level of consciousness in DOC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Binder
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 6, 30-060 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Urszula Górska
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 6, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Evaldas Pipinis
- Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio ave 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aleksandras Voicikas
- Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio ave 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Inga Griskova-Bulanova
- Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio ave 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Jonak CR, Lovelace JW, Ethell IM, Razak KA, Binder DK. Multielectrode array analysis of EEG biomarkers in a mouse model of Fragile X Syndrome. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 138:104794. [PMID: 32036032 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is a leading known genetic cause of intellectual disability with symptoms that include increased anxiety and social and sensory processing deficits. Recent EEG studies in humans with FXS have identified neural oscillation deficits that include increased resting state gamma power, increased amplitude of auditory evoked potentials, and reduced inter-trial phase coherence of sound-evoked gamma oscillations. Identification of comparable EEG biomarkers in mouse models of FXS could facilitate the pre-clinical to clinical therapeutic pipeline. However, while human EEG studies have involved 128-channel scalp EEG acquisition, no mouse studies have been performed with more than three EEG channels. In the current study, we employed a recently developed 30-channel mouse multielectrode array (MEA) system to record and analyze resting and stimulus-evoked EEG signals in WT vs. Fmr1 KO mice. Using this system, we now report robust MEA-derived phenotypes including higher resting EEG power, altered event-related potentials (ERPs) and reduced inter-trial phase coherence to auditory chirp stimuli in Fmr1 KO mice that are remarkably similar to those reported in humans with FXS. We propose that the MEA system can be used for: (i) derivation of higher-level EEG parameters; (ii) EEG biomarkers for drug testing; and (ii) mechanistic studies of FXS pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie R Jonak
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, United States of America
| | - Jonathan W Lovelace
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, United States of America
| | - Iryna M Ethell
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, United States of America; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, United States of America
| | - Khaleel A Razak
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, United States of America
| | - Devin K Binder
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, United States of America; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, United States of America.
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Prado-Gutierrez P, Martínez-Montes E, Weinstein A, Zañartu M. Estimation of auditory steady-state responses based on the averaging of independent EEG epochs. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0206018. [PMID: 30677031 PMCID: PMC6345467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The amplitude of auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) generated in the brainstem of rats exponentially decreases over the sequential averaging of EEG epochs. This behavior is partially due to the adaptation of the ASSR induced by the continuous and monotonous stimulation. In this study, we analyzed the potential clinical relevance of the ASSR adaptation. ASSR were elicited in eight anesthetized adult rats by 8-kHz tones, modulated in amplitude at 115 Hz. We called independent epochs to those EEG epochs acquired with sufficiently long inter-stimulus interval, so the ASSR contained in any given epoch is not affected by the previous stimulation. We tested whether the detection of ASSRs is improved when the response is computed by averaging independent EEG epochs, containing only unadapted auditory responses. The improvements in the ASSR detection obtained with standard, weighted and sorted averaging were compared. In the absence of artifacts, when the ASSR was elicited by continuous acoustic stimulation, the computation of the ASSR amplitude relied upon the averaging method. While the adaptive behavior of the ASSR was still evident after the weighting of epochs, the sorted averaging resulted in under-estimations of the ASSR amplitude. In the absence of artifacts, the ASSR amplitudes computed by averaging independent epochs did not depend on the averaging procedure. Averaging independent epochs resulted in higher ASSR amplitudes and halved the number of EEG epochs needed to be acquired to achieve the maximum detection rate of the ASSR. Acquisition protocols based on averaging independent EEG epochs, in combination with appropriate averaging methods for artifact reduction might contribute to develop more accurate hearing assessments based on ASSRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Prado-Gutierrez
- Advanced Center for Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Alejandro Weinstein
- Advanced Center for Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
- Biomedical Engineering School, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Matías Zañartu
- Advanced Center for Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
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16
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Lovelace JW, Ethell IM, Binder DK, Razak KA. Translation-relevant EEG phenotypes in a mouse model of Fragile X Syndrome. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 115:39-48. [PMID: 29605426 PMCID: PMC5969806 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of comparable biomarkers in humans and validated animal models will facilitate pre-clinical to clinical therapeutic pipelines to treat neurodevelopmental disorders. Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is a leading known genetic cause of intellectual disability with symptoms that include increased anxiety, social and sensory processing deficits. Recent EEG studies in humans with FXS have identified neural oscillation deficits that include enhanced resting state gamma power and reduced inter-trial coherence of sound evoked gamma oscillations. To determine if analogous phenotypes are present in an animal model of FXS, we recorded EEGs in awake, freely moving Fmr1 knock out (KO) mice using similar stimuli as in the human studies. We report remarkably similar neural oscillation phenotypes in the Fmr1 KO mouse including enhanced resting state gamma power and reduced evoked gamma synchronization. The gamma band inter-trial coherence of neural response was reduced in both auditory and frontal cortex of Fmr1 KO mice stimulated with a sound whose envelope was modulated from 1 to 100 Hz, similar to that seen in humans with FXS. These deficits suggest a form of enhanced 'resting state noise' that interferes with the ability of the circuit to mount a synchronized response to sensory input, predicting specific sensory and cognitive deficits in FXS. The abnormal gamma oscillations are consistent with parvalbumin neuron and perineuronal net deficits seen in the Fmr1 KO mouse auditory cortex indicating that the EEG biomarkers are not only clinically relevant, but could also be used to probe cellular and circuit mechanisms of sensory hypersensitivity in FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iryna M Ethell
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, USA; Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | - Devin K Binder
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, USA; Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | - Khaleel A Razak
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, USA.
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17
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Pipinis E, Voicikas A, Griskova-Bulanova I. Low and high gamma auditory steady-states in response to 440 Hz carrier chirp-modulated tones show no signs of attentional modulation. Neurosci Lett 2018; 678:104-109. [PMID: 29746895 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) are increasingly used as a neurodiagnostical tool and in neurotechnological applications where it is important to test responses at different frequencies. We aimed to evaluate EEG responses to a low-frequency carrier (440 Hz) tone modulated with 500 ms chirps at 1-120 Hz and to test the ability of stimulation to highlight the low and high gamma band activity. Increasing and decreasing modulation rates were applied. Subjective pleasantness of chirps and attentional effects on ASSRs to chirps were assessed. Our results suggest that brief low-frequency tones modulated with chirps can be used to evoke ASSRs and to test responses at low and high gamma frequencies. Moreover, chirps are perceived as moderately arousing and neutrally pleasant, while ASSRs to these sounds are not sensitive to attentional modulation. The abovementioned findings make chirp stimulation suitable for use in populations with increased perceptual sensitivity to auditory stimuli, for instance like patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evaldas Pipinis
- Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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18
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Neural synchronization deficits linked to cortical hyper-excitability and auditory hypersensitivity in fragile X syndrome. Mol Autism 2017; 8:22. [PMID: 28596820 PMCID: PMC5463459 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-017-0140-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies in the fmr1 KO mouse demonstrate hyper-excitability and increased high-frequency neuronal activity in sensory cortex. These abnormalities may contribute to prominent and distressing sensory hypersensitivities in patients with fragile X syndrome (FXS). The current study investigated functional properties of auditory cortex using a sensory entrainment task in FXS. Methods EEG recordings were obtained from 17 adolescents and adults with FXS and 17 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Participants heard an auditory chirp stimulus generated using a 1000-Hz tone that was amplitude modulated by a sinusoid linearly increasing in frequency from 0–100 Hz over 2 s. Results Single trial time-frequency analyses revealed decreased gamma band phase-locking to the chirp stimulus in FXS, which was strongly coupled with broadband increases in gamma power. Abnormalities in gamma phase-locking and power were also associated with theta-gamma amplitude-amplitude coupling during the pre-stimulus period and with parent reports of heightened sensory sensitivities and social communication deficits. Conclusions This represents the first demonstration of neural entrainment alterations in FXS patients and suggests that fast-spiking interneurons regulating synchronous high-frequency neural activity have reduced functionality. This reduced ability to synchronize high-frequency neural activity was related to the total power of background gamma band activity. These observations extend findings from fmr1 KO models of FXS, characterize a core pathophysiological aspect of FXS, and may provide a translational biomarker strategy for evaluating promising therapeutics. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13229-017-0140-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Prado-Gutierrez P, Castro-Fariñas A, Morgado-Rodriguez L, Velarde-Reyes E, Martínez AD, Martínez-Montes E. Habituation of Auditory Steady State Responses Evoked by Amplitude-Modulated Acoustic Signals in Rats. Audiol Res 2015; 5:113. [PMID: 26557360 PMCID: PMC4627118 DOI: 10.4081/audiores.2015.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of the auditory steady state responses (ASSR) is commonly explained by the linear combination of random background noise activity and the stationary response. Based on this model, the decrease of amplitude that occurs over the sequential averaging of epochs of the raw data has been exclusively linked to the cancelation of noise. Nevertheless, this behavior might also reflect the non-stationary response of the ASSR generators. We tested this hypothesis by characterizing the ASSR time course in rats with different auditory maturational stages. ASSR were evoked by 8-kHz tones of different supra-threshold intensities, modulated in amplitude at 115 Hz. Results show that the ASSR amplitude habituated to the sustained stimulation and that dishabituation occurred when deviant stimuli were presented. ASSR habituation increased as animals became adults, suggesting that the ability to filter acoustic stimuli with no-relevant temporal information increased with age. Results are discussed in terms of the current model of the ASSR generation and analysis procedures. They might have implications for audiometric tests designed to assess hearing in subjects who cannot provide reliable results in the psychophysical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Prado-Gutierrez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso , Chile ; Cuban Neuroscience Center , Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | | | - Agustín D Martínez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso , Chile
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Prado-Gutierrez P, Mijares E, Savio G, Borrego M, Martínez-Montes E, Torres A. Maturational time course of the envelope following response to amplitude-modulated acoustic signals in rats. Int J Audiol 2011; 51:309-16. [DOI: 10.3109/14992027.2011.639812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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21
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GABAergic modulation of the 40 Hz auditory steady-state response in a rat model of schizophrenia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2010; 13:487-97. [PMID: 19627651 PMCID: PMC2882653 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145709990307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Auditory steady-state auditory responses (ASSRs), in which the evoked potential entrains to stimulus frequency and phase, are reduced in magnitude in patients with schizophrenia, particularly at 40 Hz. While the neural mechanisms responsible for ASSR generation and its perturbation in schizophrenia are unknown, it has been hypothesized that the GABAA receptor subtype may have an important role. Using an established rat model of schizophrenia, the neonatal ventral hippocampal lesion (NVHL) model, 40-Hz ASSRs were elicited from NVHL and sham rats to determine if NVHL rats show deficits comparable to schizophrenia, and to examine the role of GABAA receptors in ASSR generation. ASSR parameters were found to be stable across time in both NVHL and sham rats. Manipulation of the GABAA receptor by muscimol, a GABAA agonist, yielded a strong lesion x drug interaction, with ASSR magnitude and synchronization decreased in NVHL and increased in sham rats. The lesion x muscimol interaction was blocked by a GABAA receptor antagonist when given prior to muscimol administration, confirming the observed interaction was GABAA mediated. Together, these data suggest an alteration involving GABAA receptor function, and hence inhibitory transmission, in the neuronal networks responsible for ASSR generation in NVHL rats. These findings are consistent with prior evidence for alterations in GABA neurotransmitter systems in the NVHL model and suggest the utility of this animal modelling approach for exploring neurobiological mechanisms that generate or modulate ASSRs.
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Pérez-Alcázar M, Nicolás MJ, Valencia M, Alegre M, López-Azcárate J, Iriarte J, Artieda J. Cortical oscillations scan using chirp-evoked potentials in 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res 2010; 1310:58-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Revised: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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23
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Song M, Yu X, Cui X, Zhu G, Zhao G, Chen J, Huang L. Blockade of Connexin 43 Hemichannels Reduces Neointima Formation After Vascular Injury by Inhibiting Proliferation and Phenotypic Modulation of Smooth Muscle Cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2009; 234:1192-200. [PMID: 19596827 DOI: 10.3181/0902-rm-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexins 43 (Cx43) plays a key role in neointimal formation after vascular injury, but the mechanism still needs to be further explored. We hypothesized that the gap junction-dependent function of Cx43 to mediate intercellular communication has a crucial role in the development and progression of vascular diseases. The effect of intercellular communication mediated by Cx43 hemichannels on neointimal formation after vascular injury was investigated. Cx43 was overexpressed or knockdown in rat vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) by transfection pcDNA-Cx43 plasmid or small interfering RNA (siRNA) against Cx43 (siCx43). SMC proliferation and marker genes expression after Cx43 alteration and blockade of the Cx43 hemichannel were analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and RT-PCR. The effect of carbenoxolone on neointimal formation was investigated in carotid artery injured rat model. We demonstrated that overexpression of Cx43 promoted SMC proliferation, meanwhile, mRNA expression level of smooth muscle α-actin and calponin, which were important markers of SMC in a contractile state, were down-regulated in smooth muscle. Knockdown of Cx43 inhibited SMC proliferation but increased SMC marker genes expression level. Carbenoxolone (50 μM) improved SMC contractile differentiation and inhibited its proliferation. Our data showed that carbenoxolone reduced neointimal formation after carotid artery injury. In summary, blockade of intercellular communication via Cx43 hemichannels reduces neointimal formation after vascular injury by inhibiting proliferation and phenotypic modulation of SMCs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carbenoxolone/pharmacology
- Carotid Artery Injuries/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Coloring Agents/metabolism
- Connexin 43/genetics
- Connexin 43/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Peptides/pharmacology
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Tetrazolium Salts/metabolism
- Thiazoles/metabolism
- Transfection
- Tunica Intima/drug effects
- Tunica Intima/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- MingBao Song
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China
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