1
|
Ya J, Pellumbaj J, Hashmat A, Bayraktutan U. The Role of Stem Cells as Therapeutics for Ischaemic Stroke. Cells 2024; 13:112. [PMID: 38247804 PMCID: PMC10814781 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke remains one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Current reperfusion treatments for ischaemic stroke are limited due to their narrow therapeutic window in rescuing ischaemic penumbra. Stem cell therapy offers a promising alternative. As a regenerative medicine, stem cells offer a wider range of treatment strategies, including long-term intervention for chronic patients, through the reparation and replacement of injured cells via mechanisms of differentiation and proliferation. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the therapeutic role of stem cells for ischaemic stroke. This paper discusses the pathology during acute, subacute, and chronic phases of cerebral ischaemic injury, highlights the mechanisms involved in mesenchymal, endothelial, haematopoietic, and neural stem cell-mediated cerebrovascular regeneration, and evaluates the pre-clinical and clinical data concerning the safety and efficacy of stem cell-based treatments. The treatment of stroke patients with different types of stem cells appears to be safe and efficacious even at relatively higher concentrations irrespective of the route and timing of administration. The priming or pre-conditioning of cells prior to administration appears to help augment their therapeutic impact. However, larger patient cohorts and later-phase trials are required to consolidate these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ulvi Bayraktutan
- Academic Unit of Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences, Queens Medical Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang C, Ye W, Zhao M, Long L, Xia D, Fan Z. MLL1 inhibits the neurogenic potential of SCAPs by interacting with WDR5 and repressing HES1. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:48. [PMID: 37852994 PMCID: PMC10584904 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy has emerged as a promising treatment for spinal cord injury (SCI), but improving the neurogenic potential of MSCs remains a challenge. Mixed lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1), an H3K4me3 methyltransferases, plays a critical role in regulating lineage-specific gene expression and influences neurogenesis. In this study, we investigated the role and mechanism of MLL1 in the neurogenesis of stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs). We examined the expression of neural markers, and the nerve repair and regeneration ability of SCAPs using dynamic changes in neuron-like cells, immunofluorescence staining, and a SCI model. We employed a coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay, real-time RT-PCR, microarray analysis, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay to investigate the molecular mechanism. The results showed that MLL1 knock-down increased the expression of neural markers, including neurogenic differentiation factor (NeuroD), neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), βIII-tubulin and Nestin, and promoted neuron-like cell formation in SCAPs. In vivo, a transplantation experiment showed that depletion of MLL 1 in SCAPs can restore motor function in a rat SCI model. MLL1 can combine with WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5) and WDR5 inhibit the expression of neural markers in SCAPs. MLL1 regulates Hairy and enhancer of split 1 (HES1) expression by directly binds to HES1 promoters via regulating H3K4me3 methylation by interacting with WDR5. Additionally, HES1 enhances the expression of neural markers in SCAPs. Our findings demonstrate that MLL1 inhibits the neurogenic potential of SCAPs by interacting with WDR5 and repressing HES1. These results provide a potential therapeutic target for promoting the recovery of motor function in SCI patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Dental Emergency, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weilong Ye
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyao Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lujue Long
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dengsheng Xia
- Department of Dental Emergency, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Research Unit of Tooth Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Angelaki D, Kavatzikidou P, Fotakis C, Stratakis E, Ranella A. Laser-Structured Si and PLGA Inhibit the Neuro2a Differentiation in Mono- and Co-Culture with Glia. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 20:111-125. [PMID: 36538193 PMCID: PMC9852401 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00497-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first step towards a successful neural tissue engineering therapy is the development of an appropriate scaffold and the in vitro study of the cellular response onto it. METHODS Here, we fabricated nano- and micro- patterned Si surfaces via direct ultrafast laser irradiation, as well as their replicas in the biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide), in order to use them as culture substrates for neuronal cells. The differentiation of neuro2a cells on the Si platforms and their replicas was studied both in a mono-culture and in a co-culture with glial cells (Schwann-SW10). RESULTS It was found that the substrate's roughness inhibits the differentiation of the neuronal cells even in the presence of the differentiation medium, and the higher the roughness is, the more the differentiation gets limited. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the importance of the substrate's topography for the controlled growth and differentiation of the neuronal cells and their further study via protein screening methods could shed light on the factors that lead to limited differentiation; thus, contributing to the long standing request for culture substrates that induce cells to differentiate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Angelaki
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology- Hellas (IESL- FORTH), 711 10 Heraklion, Greece ,Department of Physics, University of Crete, 710 03 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Kavatzikidou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology- Hellas (IESL- FORTH), 711 10 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Costas Fotakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology- Hellas (IESL- FORTH), 711 10 Heraklion, Greece ,Department of Physics, University of Crete, 710 03 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology- Hellas (IESL- FORTH), 711 10 Heraklion, Greece ,Department of Physics, University of Crete, 710 03 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Anthi Ranella
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology- Hellas (IESL- FORTH), 711 10 Heraklion, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jadidi T, Asadian N, Jadidi M, Ali Vafaei A. EMF promote BMSCs differentiation and functional recovery in hemiparkinsonian rats. Neurosci Lett 2022; 784:136765. [PMID: 35777611 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have self-renewal ability while maintaining the proliferation facility. The BMSCs reproducing ability could affect by electromagnetic fields (EMFs) as a physical inducing factor. We focused on the EMF (400 µT, 75 Hz) exposed multi-potential BMSCs which differentiated and successfully implanted in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of Parkinson's disease rat model. The purified BMSCs are exposed to sinusoidal and square waveform EMF (1h/1 week or 7h/1 day) then injected into the left SNpc of Parkinson's rats. To evaluate the morphology of EMF exposed BMSCs, the cresyl violet staining labeled the Nissl bodies. After evaluation of the rat's activity by behavioral tests (open-field and rotarod tests), the brains were obtained for the preparation of SNpc blocks and carry out the cresyl violet staining. Cell morphology proved most cell differentiation to neurons in the sinusoidal EMF groups. In the sinusoidal EMF exposure groups, large and small neurons were seen with apparent synapses. Although in the square EMF exposed groups some neurons were seen, most of the differentiated cells were astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocyte. The results confirmed an improvement in locomotors' activity of BMSC alone and sinusoidal EMF exposed groups. We presented a low-frequency EMF (75 Hz) to promote the capability of BMSC proliferation, differentiation to neurons and glial cells, and motor coordination activity in the treatment of hemiparkinsonian rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taha Jadidi
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Nader Asadian
- Department of Medical Physics, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Majid Jadidi
- Department of Medical Physics, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Vafaei
- Physiology Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang F, Zhu J, Zheng J, Duan W, Zhou Z. miR‑210 enhances mesenchymal stem cell‑modulated neural precursor cell migration. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:2405-2414. [PMID: 32323777 PMCID: PMC7185297 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The migration of endogenous neural stem cells and neural precursor cells (NPCs) to sites of injury is essential for neuroregeneration following hypoxic‑ischemic events. Bone marrow‑derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are a potential therapeutic source of cells following central nervous system damage; however, few studies have investigated the effects of BMSCs on cell migration. Thus, in the present study, the effects of BMSCs on NPC migration were investigated. In the present study, BMSCs and NPCs were isolated and cultured from mice. The effects of BMSCs on the migration of NPCs were analyzed using a Transwell cell migration assay. BMSCs were transfected with microRNA‑210 (miR‑210) mimics and inhibitors to examine the effects of the respective upregulation and downregulation of miR‑210 in BMSCs on the migration of NPCs. Then, miR‑210 expression in BMSCs were quantified and the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor‑C (VEGF‑C), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and chemokine C‑C motif ligand 3 (CCL3) in the supernatant under hypoxic conditions were investigated via reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) and ELISA. Subsequently, the expression of VEGF‑C, BDNF and CCL3 in BMSCs overexpressing miR‑210 or BMSCs suppressing miR‑210 was examined by RT‑qPCR and western blot analyses. BMSCs promoted the migration of NPC, particularly when pre‑cultured with BMSCs for 24 h and co‑cultured with NPCs for 24 h; the miR‑210 expression levels increased under hypoxic conditions. Additionally, the migration of NPCs was also increased when the BMSCs overexpressed miR‑210 compared with the BMSCs transfected with a negative control miR and BMSCs with downregulated miR‑210 levels. The expression levels of VEGF‑C increased in the BMSCs that overexpressed miR‑210 and were decreased in BMSCs transfected with a miR‑210 inhibitor. The results of the present study indicated that BMSCs promote the migration of NPCs. Overexpression of miR‑210 in BMSCs enhanced NPC migration and may be associated with increases in VEGF‑C expression levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faxiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Wei Duan
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Zhujuan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Galhom RA, Hussein Abd El Raouf HH, Mohammed Ali MH. Role of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells and Schwann-like cells transplantation on spinal cord injury in adult male albino rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1365-1375. [PMID: 30372839 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury is a considerable health impact accompanied with physical, psychological and economic burden. Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) transplantation was found to produce neuronal regenerative effects. Schwann-like cells differentiated from BM-MSCs have myelin-forming ability. AIM OF THE WORK To compare the ability of BM-MSCs versus Schwann like cells to promote recovery of spinal cord injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS Adult male albino rats were used throughout the study. BM-MSCs were harvested from femora of rats. Sciatic nerves were extracted and used in the preparation of the induction culture medium for differentiation of BM-MSCs into Schwann-like cells. Rats were divided into control, spinal cord injured (SCI), spinal cord injured plus BM-MSCs transplantation (BM-MSC) and spinal cord injured plus Schwann-like cells transplantation (Sn) groups. BBB scale assessment was performed before and after SCI in all rats. Rats were euthanized at the end of the 7th week and spinal cords were dissected and processed for light and transmission electron microscopic examinations. RESULTS Spinal cord sections of SCI group revealed cavitation, necrosis and demyelination. BM-MSC and Sn groups showed both functional and structural improvement compared to SCI group with better BBB score and histopathological features in the BM-MSC group and more expression of S100 in the Sn group. CONCLUSION Transplantation of BM-MSCs and Schwann-like cells improved the structural and functional alterations of spinal cord injury with better improvement in BM-MSC group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rania A Galhom
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | | | - Mona H Mohammed Ali
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting the basal nuclei, causing motor and cognitive disorders. Bearing in mind that standard treatments are ineffective in delaying the disease progression, alternative treatments capable of eliminating symptoms and reversing the clinical condition have been sought. Possible alternative treatments include cell therapy, especially with the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). REVIEW SUMMARY MSC are adult stem cells which have demonstrated remarkable therapeutic power in parkinsonian animals due to their differentiation competence, migratory capacity and the production of bioactive molecules. This review aims to analyze the main studies involving MSC and PD in more than a decade of studies, addressing their different methodologies and common characteristics, as well as suggesting perspectives on the application of MSC in PD. CONCLUSIONS The results of MSC therapy in animal models and some clinical trials suggest that such cellular therapy may slow the progression of PD and promote neuroregeneration. However, further research is needed to address the limitations of an eventual clinical application.
Collapse
|
8
|
Comparisons of the therapeutic effects of three different routes of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in cerebral ischemic rats. Brain Res 2017; 1680:143-154. [PMID: 29274877 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are mainly administered via three routes: intra-arterial, intravenous and intracerebral. It has been reported that BMSC administration via each route ameliorates the functional deficits after cerebral ischemia. However, there have been no comparisons of the therapeutic benefits of BMSC administration through different delivery routes. In this study, we injected BMSCs into a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) through the intra-arterial, intravenous, or intracerebral route at day 7 after MCAO. Control animals received only the vehicle. Neurological function was assessed at post-ischemic days (PIDs) 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 using behavioral tests (modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS) and the adhesive removal test). At PID 35, the rat brain tissues were processed for histochemical and immunohistochemical staining. Our results showed that BMSC transplantation via the intra-arterial, intravenous, and intracerebral routes induced greater improvement in neurological functions than the control treatments; furthermore, the intra-arterial route showed the greatest degree and speed of neurological functional recovery. Moreover, BMSCs treatment through each route enhanced reconstruction of axonal myelination in the area of the corpus callosum on the infarct side of the cerebral hemisphere, increased the expression of SYN and Ki-67, and decreased the expression of Nogo-A in the brain. These effects were more apparent in the intra-arterial group than in the intravenous and intracerebral groups. These data suggest that BMSCs transplantation, especially through intra-arterial delivery, can effectively improve neurological function intra-arterial. The underlying mechanism may include the promotion of synaptogenesis, endogenous cell proliferation, and axonal regeneration.
Collapse
|
9
|
Tang Y, Yu P, Cheng L. Current progress in the derivation and therapeutic application of neural stem cells. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3108. [PMID: 29022921 PMCID: PMC5682670 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) have a unique role in neural regeneration. Cell therapy based on NSC transplantation is a promising tool for the treatment of nervous system diseases. However, there are still many issues and controversies associated with the derivation and therapeutic application of these cells. In this review, we summarize the different sources of NSCs and their derivation methods, including direct isolation from primary tissues, differentiation from pluripotent stem cells and transdifferentiation from somatic cells. We also review the current progress in NSC implantation for the treatment of various neural defects and injuries in animal models and clinical trials. Finally, we discuss potential optimization strategies for NSC derivation and propose urgent challenges to the clinical translation of NSC-based therapies in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuewen Tang
- National Research Center for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Haematology, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- National Research Center for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Haematology, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fazeli Z, Omrani MD, Ghaderian SMH. CD29/CD184 expression analysis provides a signature for identification of neuronal like cells differentiated from PBMSCs. Neurosci Lett 2016; 630:189-193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
11
|
Yao Y, Huang C, Gu P, Wen T. Combined MSC-Secreted Factors and Neural Stem Cell Transplantation Promote Functional Recovery of PD Rats. Cell Transplant 2016; 25:1101-13. [DOI: 10.3727/096368915x689938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation has enormous potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease (PD). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted much attention because they can secrete a wide variety of cellular factors that promote cell growth. In this study, we prepared a conditioned medium (CM) using lyophilized MSC culture medium that contained the secretome of MSCs and applied this CM to the culture of neural stem cells (CM-NSCs) for the transplantation of PD model rats. Quantitative realtime PCR, Western blot, and immunocytochemistry were used to identify cell differentiation and expression of dopaminergic neuron-specific genes in vitro. Behavioral tests including rotational behavior and MWM training tests were also performed to assess the recovery. Our results indicated that combined treatment of CM and neural stem cell transplantation can significantly reduce apomorphine-induced rotational asymmetry and improve spatial learning ability. The CM-NSCs were able to differentiate into dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and medial forebrain bundle (MFB), and migrated around the lesion site. They showed a higher activity than untreated NSCs in cell survival, migration, and behavior improvement in the dopa-deficit rat model. These findings suggest that the neural stem cells treated with conditioned medium possess a great potential as a graft candidate for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yao
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tieqiao Wen
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cho YA, Kim DS, Song M, Bae WJ, Lee S, Kim EC. Protein Interacting with Never in Mitosis A-1 Induces Glutamatergic and GABAergic Neuronal Differentiation in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. J Endod 2016; 42:1055-61. [PMID: 27178251 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of protein interacting with never in mitosis A-1 (PIN1) in the neuronal or glial differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and whether PIN1 can regulate determination of neuronal sub-phenotype. METHODS After magnetic-activated cell sorting to separate CD34(+)/c-kit(+)/STRO-1(+) hDPSCs, cells were cultured in neurogenic medium. Differentiation was measured as Nissl staining and marker protein or mRNA expression by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS PIN1 mRNA levels were upregulated in a time-dependent fashion during neurogenic differentiation. The PIN1 inhibitor juglone suppressed neuronal differentiation but promoted glial differentiation as assessed by the number of Nissl-positive cells and mRNA expression of neuronal markers (nestin, βIII-tubulin, and NeuN) and a glial marker (glial fibrillary acidic protein). Conversely, overexpression of PIN1 by infection with adenovirus-PIN1 increased neuronal differentiation but decreased glial differentiation. Moreover, PIN1 overexpression increased the percentage of glutamatergic and GABAergic cells but decreased that of dopaminergic cells among total NeuN-positive hDPSCs. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate that PIN1 overexpression induced glutamatergic and GABAergic neuronal differentiation but suppressed glial differentiation of hDPSCs, suggesting that enhancing PIN expression is important to obtain human glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons from hDPSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ah Cho
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Tissue Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duck-Su Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Miyeoun Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Tissue Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jung Bae
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Tissue Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojung Lee
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Tissue Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhao L, Feng Y, Chen X, Yuan J, Liu X, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Liu P, Li Y. Effects of IGF-1 on neural differentiation of human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells. Life Sci 2016; 151:93-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
14
|
Khatri M, Chattha KS. Replication of influenza A virus in swine umbilical cord epithelial stem-like cells. Virulence 2016; 6:40-9. [PMID: 25517546 DOI: 10.4161/21505594.2014.983020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we describe the isolation and characterization of epithelial stem-like cells from the swine umbilical cord and their susceptibility to influenza virus infection. Swine umbilical cord epithelial stem cells (SUCECs) expressed stem cell and pluripotency associated markers such as SSEA-1, SSEA-4, TRA 1-60 and TRA 1-81 and Oct4. Morphologically, cells displayed polygonal morphology and were found to express epithelial markers; pancytokeratin, cytokeratin-18 and occludin; mesenchymal cell markers CD44, CD90 and haematopoietic cell marker CD45 were not detected on these cells. The cells had extensive proliferation and self- renewal properties. The cells also possessed immunomodulatory activity and inhibited the proliferation of T cells. Also, higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were detected in SUCEC-T cell co-cultures. The cells were multipotent and differentiated into lung epithelial cells when cultured in epithelial differentiation media. We also examined if SUCECs are susceptible to infection with influenza virus. SUCECs expressed sialic acid receptors, used by influenza virus for binding to cells. The 2009 pandemic influenza virus and swine influenza virus replicated in these cells. SUCECs due to their differentiation and immunoregulatory properties will be useful as cellular therapy in a pig model for human diseases. Additionally, our data indicate that influenza virus can infect SUCECs and may transmit influenza virus from mother to fetus through umbilical cord and transplantation of influenza virus-infected stem cells may transmit infection to recipients. Therefore, we propose that umbilical cord cells, in addition to other agents, should also be tested for influenza virus before cryopreservation for future use as a cell therapy for disease conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Khatri
- a Food Animal Health Research Program; Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center; The Ohio State University ; Wooster , OH United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Aertker BM, Bedi S, Cox CS. Strategies for CNS repair following TBI. Exp Neurol 2016; 275 Pt 3:411-426. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
16
|
Lee H, Bae JS, Jin HK. Defective Self-Renewal and Differentiation of GBA-Deficient Neural Stem Cells Can Be Restored By Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor. Mol Cells 2015; 38:806-13. [PMID: 26282862 PMCID: PMC4588724 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA), which encodes the lysosomal enzyme glucosylceramidase (GCase). Deficiency in GCase leads to characteristic visceral pathology and lethal neurological manifestations in some patients. Investigations into neurogenesis have suggested that neurodegenerative disorders, such as GD, could be overcome or at least ameliorated by the generation of new neurons. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are potential candidates for use in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders because of their ability to promote neurogenesis. Our objective was to examine the mechanism of neurogenesis by BM-MSCs in GD. We found that neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from a neuronopathic GD model exhibited decreased ability for self-renewal and neuronal differentiation. Co-culture of GBA-deficient NSCs with BM-MSCs resulted in an enhanced capacity for self-renewal, and an increased ability for differentiation into neurons or oligodendrocytes. Enhanced proliferation and neuronal differentiation of GBA-deficient NSCs was associated with elevated release of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) from BM-MSCs. Our findings suggest that soluble M-CSF derived from BM-MSCs can modulate GBA-deficient NSCs, resulting in their improved proliferation and neuronal differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Lee
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
| | - Jae-sung Bae
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
- Department of Physiology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-842,
Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-842,
Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Jin
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang K, Park HJ, Han S, Lee J, Ko E, Kim J, Lee JS, Yu JH, Song KY, Cheong E, Cho SR, Chung S, Cho SW. Recapitulation of in vivo-like paracrine signals of human mesenchymal stem cells for functional neuronal differentiation of human neural stem cells in a 3D microfluidic system. Biomaterials 2015; 63:177-88. [PMID: 26113074 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Paracrine signals produced from stem cells influence tissue regeneration by inducing the differentiation of endogenous stem or progenitor cells. However, many recent studies that have investigated paracrine signaling of stem cells have relied on either two-dimensional transwell systems or conditioned medium culture, neither of which provide optimal culture microenvironments for elucidating the effects of paracrine signals in vivo. In this study, we recapitulated in vivo-like paracrine signaling of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to enhance functional neuronal differentiation of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) in three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrices (ECMs) within a microfluidic array platform. In order to amplify paracrine signaling, hMSCs were genetically engineered using cationic polymer nanoparticles to overexpress glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). hNSCs were cultured in 3D ECM hydrogel used to fill central channels of the microfluidic device, while GDNF-overexpressing hMSCs (GDNF-hMSCs) were cultured in channels located on both sides of the central channel. This setup allowed for mimicking of paracrine signaling between genetically engineered hMSCs and endogenous hNSCs in the brain. Co-culture of hNSCs with GDNF-hMSCs in the 3D microfluidic system yielded reduced glial differentiation of hNSCs while significantly enhancing differentiation into neuronal cells including dopaminergic neurons. Neuronal cells produced from hNSCs differentiating in the presence of GDNF-hMSCs exhibited functional neuron-like electrophysiological features. The enhanced paracrine ability of GDNF-hMSCs was finally confirmed using an animal model of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. This study demonstrates the presented 3D microfluidic array device can provide an efficient co-culture platform and provide an environment for paracrine signals from transplanted stem cells to control endogenous neuronal behaviors in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kisuk Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sewoon Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Joan Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunkyung Ko
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seung Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hea Yu
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Yeong Song
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Cheong
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Rae Cho
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Chung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Haragopal H, Yu D, Zeng X, Kim SW, Han IB, Ropper AE, Anderson JE, Teng YD. Stemness enhancement of human neural stem cells following bone marrow MSC coculture. Cell Transplant 2015; 24:645-59. [PMID: 25719952 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x687561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid loss of stemness capacity in purified prototype neural stem cells (NSCs) remains a serious challenge to basic and clinical studies aiming to repair the central nervous system. Based on the essential role of mesodermal guidance in the process of neurulation, we hypothesized that coculture of human NSCs (hNSCs) with human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells (hMSCs) could enhance the stemness of hNSCs through Notch-1 signaling. We have now tested the hypothesis by assessing behaviors of hNSCs and hMSCs under systematically designed coculture conditions relative to monocultures, with or without Notch-1 manipulation in vitro. Our data demonstrate that expression levels of Notch-1 and Hes-1 as determined by immunocytochemistry are significantly higher in hNSCs cocultured with hMSCs than those of controls. Furthermore, coculturing significantly increases immunoreactivity of CD15, a neural stemness marker, but decreases CD24, a marker of neural/neuronal commitment in hNSCs. The effect is independent from the physical status of cell growth since coculture and notch signaling actually promotes hNSC adhesion. Importantly, coculture with hMSCs markedly augments hNSC proliferation rate (e.g., higher yield in G2/M phase subpopulation in a notch-dependent manner detected by flow cytometry) without diminishing their lineage differentiation capabilities. The results suggest that coculture of hNSCs with hMSCs enhances stemness biology of hNSCs partially via activation of Notch-1 signal transduction. Our finding sheds new light on mesoderm-ectoderm cell fate determination via contact-based hMSC-hNSC interactions and provides mechanistic leads for devising effective regimens to sustain and augment stemness of in vitro established hNSC and hMSC lines for basic science, translational and clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hariprakash Haragopal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School and the Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Intranasal administration of human MSC for ischemic brain injury in the mouse: in vitro and in vivo neuroregenerative functions. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112339. [PMID: 25396420 PMCID: PMC4232359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intranasal treatment with C57BL/6 MSCs reduces lesion volume and improves motor and cognitive behavior in the neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) mouse model. In this study, we investigated the potential of human MSCs (hMSCs) to treat HI brain injury in the neonatal mouse. Assessing the regenerative capacity of hMSCs is crucial for translation of our knowledge to the clinic. We determined the neuroregenerative potential of hMSCs in vitro and in vivo by intranasal administration 10 d post-HI in neonatal mice. HI was induced in P9 mouse pups. 1×106 or 2×106 hMSCs were administered intranasally 10 d post-HI. Motor behavior and lesion volume were measured 28 d post-HI. The in vitro capacity of hMSCs to induce differentiation of mouse neural stem cell (mNSC) was determined using a transwell co-culture differentiation assay. To determine which chemotactic factors may play a role in mediating migration of MSCs to the lesion, we performed a PCR array on 84 chemotactic factors 10 days following sham-operation, and at 10 and 17 days post-HI. Our results show that 2×106 hMSCs decrease lesion volume, improve motor behavior, and reduce scar formation and microglia activity. Moreover, we demonstrate that the differentiation assay reflects the neuroregenerative potential of hMSCs in vivo, as hMSCs induce mNSCs to differentiate into neurons in vitro. We also provide evidence that the chemotactic factor CXCL10 may play an important role in hMSC migration to the lesion site. This is suggested by our finding that CXCL10 is significantly upregulated at 10 days following HI, but not at 17 days after HI, a time when MSCs no longer reach the lesion when given intranasally. The results described in this work also tempt us to contemplate hMSCs not only as a potential treatment option for neonatal encephalopathy, but also for a plethora of degenerative and traumatic injuries of the nervous system.
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu X, Li D, Jiang D, Fang Y. Acetylcholine secretion by motor neuron-like cells from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:2086-92. [PMID: 25206517 PMCID: PMC4146069 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.22.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were isolated by a double enzyme digestion method. The third passage of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was induced with heparin and/or basic fibroblast growth factor. Results confirmed that cell morphology did not change after induction with basic fibroblast growth factor alone. However, neuronal morphology was visible, and microtubule-associated protein-2 expression and acetylcholine levels increased following induction with heparin alone or heparin combined with basic fibroblast growth factor. Hb9 and choline acetyltransferase expression was high following inductive with heparin combined with basic fibroblast growth factor. Results indicate that the inductive effect of basic fibroblast growth factor alone was not obvious. Heparin combined with basic fibroblast growth factor noticeably promoted the differentiation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells into motor neuron-like cells. Simultaneously, umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells could secrete acetylcholine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dehua Li
- Department of Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Department of Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yan Fang
- Department of Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gao Y, Bai C, Wang K, Sun B, Guan W, Zheng D. All-trans retinoic acid promotes nerve cell differentiation of yolk sac-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 174:682-92. [PMID: 25086923 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1100-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Fetal membranes are abundant; the yolk sac is a source of cell lineages that do not express MHCs and are mainly free from immunological incompatibles when transferred to a recipient. Although data are available especially for hematopoietic stem cells in human and murine; whereas other cell types and species are dramatically unnoticed. Here, we studied the nature and differentiation potential of yolk sac-derived mesenchymal stem cells from a chicken embryo. In this study, we observed the gene expression of pluripotent markers in yolk sac mesenchymal stem cells (YS-MSCs) and the capacity of YS-MSCs to differentiate into neural-like cells using quantitative RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, and western blotting. YS-MSCs have a spindle shape and revealed the expression of the MSC-related proteins β-integrin, CD44, CD71, and CD73, but not CD34. YS-MSCs express pluripotent markers such as octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4) and Nanog at the protein and mRNA levels. QRT-PCR analyses revealed that YS-MSCs expressed nestin. Immunocytochemical and western blotting data showed that the cells expressed Nestin and microtubule-associated protein 2 (Map-2) for neurons, respectively, after induction of neural differentiation. These findings demonstrate the plasticity of YS-MSCs and their potential for use in cellular replacement therapy for neural diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Gao
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wu Z, Zhao Z, Yu Y, Hu X, Xu W, Zeng Z, Sun YE, Cheng L. New strategies for the repair of spinal cord injury. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-014-0484-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
23
|
Huat TJ, Khan AA, Pati S, Mustafa Z, Abdullah JM, Jaafar H. IGF-1 enhances cell proliferation and survival during early differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to neural progenitor-like cells. BMC Neurosci 2014; 15:91. [PMID: 25047045 PMCID: PMC4117972 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-15-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been increasing interest recently in the plasticity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their potential to differentiate into neural lineages. To unravel the roles and effects of different growth factors in the differentiation of MSCs into neural lineages, we have differentiated MSCs into neural lineages using different combinations of growth factors. Based on previous studies of the roles of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in neural stem cell isolation in the laboratory, we hypothesized that IGF-1 can enhance proliferation and reduce apoptosis in neural progenitor-like cells (NPCs) during differentiation of MSCs into NCPs.We induced MSCs differentiation under four different combinations of growth factors: (A) EGF + bFGF, (B) EGF + bFGF + IGF-1, (C) EGF + bFGF + LIF, (D) EGF + bFGF + BDNF, and (E) without growth factors, as a negative control. The neurospheres formed were characterized by immunofluorescence staining against nestin, and the expression was measured by flow cytometry. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were also studied by MTS and Annexin V assay, respectively, at three different time intervals (24 hr, 3 days, and 5 days). The neurospheres formed in the four groups were then terminally differentiated into neuron and glial cells. RESULTS The four derived NPCs showed a significantly higher expression of nestin than was shown by the negative control. Among the groups treated with growth factors, NPCs treated with IGF-1 showed the highest expression of nestin. Furthermore, NPCs derived using IGF-1 exhibited the highest cell proliferation and cell survival among the treated groups. The NPCs derived from IGF-1 treatment also resulted in a better yield after the terminal differentiation into neurons and glial cells than that of the other treated groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that IGF-1 has a crucial role in the differentiation of MSCs into neuronal lineage by enhancing the proliferation and reducing the apoptosis in the NPCs. This information will be beneficial in the long run for improving both cell-based and cell-free therapy for neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tee Jong Huat
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Suh JD, Lim KT, Jin H, Kim J, Choung PH, Chung JH. Effects of co-culture of dental pulp stem cells and periodontal ligament stem cells on assembled dual disc scaffolds. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-013-1109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
|
25
|
Li Y, Liu Z, Xin H, Chopp M. The role of astrocytes in mediating exogenous cell-based restorative therapy for stroke. Glia 2013; 62:1-16. [PMID: 24272702 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes have not been a major therapeutic target for the treatment of stroke, with most research emphasis on the neuron. Given the essential role that astrocytes play in maintaining physiological function of the central nervous system and the very rapid and sensitive reaction astrocytes have in response to cerebral injury or ischemic insult, we propose to replace the neurocentric view for treatment with a more nuanced astrocytic centered approach. In addition, after decades of effort in attempting to develop neuroprotective therapies, which target reduction of the ischemic lesion, there are no effective clinical treatments for stroke, aside from thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator, which is used in a small minority of patients. A more promising therapeutic approach, which may affect nearly all stroke patients, may be in promoting endogenous restorative mechanisms, which enhance neurological recovery. A focus of efforts in stimulating recovery post stroke is the use of exogenously administered cells. The present review focuses on the role of the astrocyte in mediating the brain network, brain plasticity, and neurological recovery post stroke. As a model to describe the interaction of a restorative cell-based therapy with astrocytes, which drives recovery from stroke, we specifically highlight the subacute treatment of stroke with multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells stimulate proliferation and neuronal differentiation of retinal progenitor cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76157. [PMID: 24098776 PMCID: PMC3786983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During retina development, retinal progenitor cell (RPC) proliferation and differentiation are regulated by complex inter- and intracellular interactions. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are reported to express a variety of cytokines and neurotrophic factors, which have powerful trophic and protective functions for neural tissue-derived cells. Here, we show that the expanded RPC cultures treated with BMSC-derived conditioned medium (CM) which was substantially enriched for bFGF and CNTF, expressed clearly increased levels of nuclear receptor TLX, an essential regulator of neural stem cell (NSC) self-renewal, as well as betacellulin (BTC), an EGF-like protein described as supporting NSC expansion. The BMSC CM- or bFGF-treated RPCs also displayed an obviously enhanced proliferation capability, while BMSC CM-derived bFGF knocked down by anti-bFGF, the effect of BMSC CM on enhancing RPC proliferation was partly reversed. Under differentiation conditions, treatment with BMSC CM or CNTF markedly favoured RPC differentiation towards retinal neurons, including Brn3a-positive retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and rhodopsin-positive photoreceptors, and clearly diminished retinal glial cell differentiation. These findings demonstrate that BMSCs supported RPC proliferation and neuronal differentiation which may be partly mediated by BMSC CM-derived bFGF and CNTF, reveal potential limitations of RPC culture systems, and suggest a means for optimizing RPC cell fate determination in vitro.
Collapse
|
27
|
Lee H, Kang JE, Lee JK, Bae JS, Jin HK. Bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote proliferation and neuronal differentiation of Niemann-Pick type C mouse neural stem cells by upregulation and secretion of CCL2. Hum Gene Ther 2013; 24:655-69. [PMID: 23659480 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2013.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C (NP-C) disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized neuropathologically by ballooned neurons distended with lipid storage and widespread neuronal loss. Neural stem cells (NSC) derived from NP-C disease models have decreased ability for self-renewal and neuronal differentiation. Investigation of neurogenesis in the adult brain has suggested that NP-C disease can be overcome, or at least ameliorated, by the generation of new neurons. Bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are regarded as potential candidates for use in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders because of their ability to promote neurogenesis. The underlying mechanisms of BM-MSC-induced promotion of neurogenesis, however, have not been resolved. The aim of the present study was to examine the mechanism of neurogenesis by BM-MSCs in NP-C disease. Coculture of embryonic NSCs from NP-C mice that exhibit impaired ability for self-renewal and decreased rates of neuronal differentiation with BM-MSCs resulted in an enhanced capacity for self-renewal and an increased ability for differentiation into neurons or oligodendrocytes. In addition, results of in vivo studies have demonstrated that transplantation of intracerebral BM-MSCs resulted in stimulated proliferation and neuronal differentiation of NSCs within the subventricular zone. Of particular interest, enhanced proliferation and neuronal differentiation of endogenous NP-C mouse NSCs showed an association with elevated release of the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) from BM-MSCs. These effects suggest that soluble CCL2 derived from BM-MSCs can modulate endogenous NP-C NSCs, resulting in their improved proliferation and neuronal differentiation in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Lee
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
de Munter JPJM, Lee C, Wolters EC. Cell based therapy in Parkinsonism. Transl Neurodegener 2013; 2:13. [PMID: 23734727 PMCID: PMC3674952 DOI: 10.1186/2047-9158-2-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a synucleinopathy-induced chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder, worldwide affecting about 5 million humans. As of yet, actual therapies are symptomatic, and neuroprotective strategies are an unmet need. Due to their capability to transdifferentiate, to immune modulate and to increase neuroplasticity by producing neurotrophic factors, adult stem cells (ASC) might fill this gap. Preclinical research in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and/or 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) lesioned animals established persistent improvements of motor behavior after ASC-treatment. Histological/histochemical measurements in these animals evidenced an intracerebral applied ASC-induced increase of Tyrosine Hydroxylase-positive (TH+) cells with increased striatal dopamine levels, suggesting cell rescue. Likewise, clinical experience with subventricular applied ASCs in PD patients, although limited, is encouraging, evidencing neurorescue especially during the early phase of the disease. In multiple system atrophy (MSA) or progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) patients, though, only marginal reduced progression of natural progression could be established after subventricular or intravasal ASC implantations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes PJM de Munter
- Department of Neurosciences University Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Amarna Stem Cells Group, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Chongsik Lee
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan, Seoel, South Korea
| | - Erik Ch Wolters
- Department of Neurosciences University Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, UniversitatsSpital, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Most therapeutics are based on the traditional method of reductionism where a clinically defined condition is broken down into a defined biochemical pathway underlying the condition, then a target in the pathway is identified, followed by developing a drug to interact with the target, modifying the target such that the disease is ameliorated. Biology acts as a system, therefore reductionist approaches to developing therapeutics are limited in therapeutic value because disease or traumatized tissue involves multiple underlying pathways, only a part of the pathways underlying the disease is manipulated by the traditional therapeutic. Much data regarding stem cells shows that their beneficial effects are not restricted to their ability to differentiate, but is more likely due in large part to their ability to release a multitude of molecules. Stem cells release potent combinations of factors that modulate the composition of the cellular milieu to evoke a multitude of responses from neighboring cells. Therefore, stem cells represent a natural systems-based biological factory for the production and release of a multitude of molecules that interact with the system of biomolecular circuits underlying an indication. Current research includes efforts to define, stimulate, enhance, and harness stem cell released molecules (SRM) to develop systems-therapeutics.
Collapse
|
30
|
Characterization of in vitro cultured bone marrow and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their ability to express neurotrophic factors. Cell Biol Int 2013; 36:1239-49. [PMID: 22994924 DOI: 10.1042/cbi20110618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells) have attracted attention as a promising tool for regenerative medicine and transplantation therapy. MSCs exert neuroprotective effects by secreting a number of factors in vitro and in vivo. Similar characteristics are found in ADSCs (adipose-derived stem cells) and BMSCs (bone marrow stromal cells). Multipotent capability, easy accessibility and rapid proliferation of ADSCs have been established. Our main objective was to compare cell viability, growth rate, expression of neurotrophic factors and nestin genes in ADSCs and BMSCs. Cell doubling time and proliferation rate indicate that ADSCs has a higher proliferation rate than BMSCs. ADSCs and BMSCs express a similar pattern of CD71 and CD90 markers. Nestin immunostaining showed that ADSCs and BMSCs are immunopositive. The expression of neurotrophic factors genes in ADSCs proved similar to that of BMSCs genes. Thus adipose tissue stem cells with a high proliferation rate can express nestin and neurotrophic factor genes. Therefore ADSCs may be useful in future cell replacement therapies and help improve neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
31
|
Characteristics and neural-like differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from foetal porcine bone marrow. Biosci Rep 2013; 33:e00032. [PMID: 23458182 PMCID: PMC3610297 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20120023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells) are a stem cell source that can be easily obtained from bone marrow. Despite the increasing importance of the pig as a large animal model, little is known about foetal pMSCs (porcine MSCs). In this study, we observed the gene expression of pluripotent markers in foetal pMSCs and the capacity of pMSCs to differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes and neural-like cells using quantitative RT–PCR (reverse transcription–PCR), normal histological staining and immunohistochemistry. Foetal pMSCs have either a spindle or a flattened shape, and flow cytometry revealed the expression of the MSC-related proteins CD44 and CD105 (endoglin) but not CD34 and CD45. pMSCs express pluripotent markers such as Oct4 (octamer-binding transcription factor 4) and Nanog at the protein and mRNA levels. qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time PCR) analyses revealed that pMSCs expressed nestin [for NSCs (neural stem cells)]. Immunocytochemical and RT–PCR data showed that 29% and 23% of pMSCs expressed MAP2 (microtubule-associated protein 2) for neurons and β-tubulin III (Tuj1) for immature neurons, respectively, after induction of neural differentiation. These findings demonstrate the plasticity of pMSCs and their potential for use in cellular replacement therapy for neural diseases.
Collapse
|
32
|
Yu YL, Chou RH, Shyu WC, Hsieh SC, Wu CS, Chiang SY, Chang WJ, Chen JN, Tseng YJ, Lin YH, Lee W, Yeh SP, Hsu JL, Yang CC, Hung SC, Hung MC. Smurf2-mediated degradation of EZH2 enhances neuron differentiation and improves functional recovery after ischaemic stroke. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 5:531-47. [PMID: 23526793 PMCID: PMC3628108 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201201783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
EZH2 plays an important role in stem cell renewal and maintenance by inducing gene silencing via its histone methyltransferase activity. Previously, we showed that EZH2 downregulation enhances neuron differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs); however, the underlying mechanisms of EZH2-regulated neuron differentiation are still unclear. Here, we identify Smurf2 as the E3 ubiquitin ligase responsible for the polyubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation of EZH2, which is required for neuron differentiation. A ChIP-on-chip screen combined with gene microarray analysis revealed that PPARγ was the only gene involved in neuron differentiation with significant changes in both its modification and expression status during differentiation. Moreover, knocking down PPARγ prevented cells from undergoing efficient neuron differentiation. In animal model, rats implanted with intracerebral EZH2-knocked-down hMSCs or hMSCs plus treatment with PPARγ agonist (rosiglitazone) showed better improvement than those without EZH2 knockdown or rosiglitazone treatment after a stroke. Together, our results support Smurf2 as a regulator of EZH2 turnover to facilitate PPARγ expression, which is specifically required for neuron differentiation, providing a molecular mechanism for clinical applications in the neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Luen Yu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Martini MM, Jeremias TDS, Kohler MC, Marostica LL, Trentin AG, Alvarez-Silva M. Human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells acquire neural phenotype under the appropriate niche conditions. DNA Cell Biol 2013; 32:58-65. [PMID: 23323927 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2012.1807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells with clinical interest. It has been reported that MSCs can be isolated from the human term placenta. We investigated the ability of human placenta-derived MSCs to differentiate into a neural phenotype in coculture assays with astrocytes obtained from neonatal rats. Placenta-derived MSCs were cocultured on a confluent monolayer of astrocytes obtained from the rat cerebellum to evaluate the differences in morphology. The extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by astrocytes as well as the growth factors produced by the astrocyte-conditioned medium were evaluated. The expression of the neural markers glial fibrillate acid protein (GFAP) and Nestin was studied in MSCs by immunocytochemistry. MSCs were able to respond to the astrocyte niche in coculture assays. They expressed the neural markers GFAP, Nestin, or β-Tubulin III, followed by an outgrowth of cell processes. The ECM from astrocytes was not effective in inducing the neural phenotype in MSCs, although the expression of β-Tubulin III was observed. When MSCs were cocultured with cerebellar astrocytes from newborn rats, a neural phenotype was achieved. This was determined by immunocytochemistry to GFAP, Nestin, or β-Tubulin III and by morphological changes. It was achieved without the addition of exogenous differentiation factors. This demonstrates that placenta-derived MSCs may be able to differentiate into neural cell types when in direct contact with a neural environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maristela Maria Martini
- Laboratório de Células Tronco e Regeneração Tecidual, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitario, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Low current electrical stimulation upregulates cytokine expression in the anal sphincter. Int J Colorectal Dis 2012; 27:221-5. [PMID: 22006493 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-011-1324-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Stem cells are an emerging treatment for regeneration of damaged anal sphincter tissues. Homing to the site of injury can be potentiated by stromal derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and monocyte chemotactic protein 3 (MCP-3) expression. The effects of electrical stimulation (ES) on upregulation of these cytokines were investigated. METHODS The anal sphincter complex of Sprague Dawley rats was stimulated with current of 0.25 mA, pulse duration of 40 pulses/s, pulse width of 100 μs, and frequency of 100 Hz for 1 or 4 h. Sham was created using the same needle which was inserted into the anal sphincter without electrical stimulation in different groups of animals. The rats were euthanized immediately or 24 h after stimulation. Cytokine analysis was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS Results are presented as a fold increase compared to sham that was normalized to 1. SDF-1 and MCP-3 immediately after 1 h were 2.5 ± 0.77 and 3.1± 0.93 vs. sham, respectively, showing significant increase. After 1-h stimulation and euthanasia 24 h after, SDF-1 and MCP-3 were 1.49 ± 0.16 and 1.51± 0.14 vs. sham, respectively, showing significant increase. Immediately and 24 h after 4-h stimulation, SDF-1 was 1.21 ± 0.16 and 0.54 ± 0.16 vs. sham, respectively, and was not significantly different. Immediately and 24 h after 4-h stimulation, MCP-3 was 1.29 ± 0.41 and 0.35 ±1.0 vs. sham, respectively, and was not significantly different. SDF-1 and MCP-3 after 1 h were significantly higher than after 4 h of stimulation at both time points. CONCLUSION Electrical stimulation for 1 h significantly upregulates SDF-1 and MCP-3 expression that persists for 24 h. Prolonged stimulation reduced chemokine expression, suggesting electrolysis of cells.
Collapse
|
35
|
Genetically engineered mesenchymal stem cells as a proposed therapeutic for Huntington's disease. Mol Neurobiol 2011; 45:87-98. [PMID: 22161544 PMCID: PMC3259334 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-011-8219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is much interest in the use of mesenchymal stem cells/marrow stromal cells (MSC) to treat neurodegenerative disorders, in particular those that are fatal and difficult to treat, such as Huntington's disease. MSC present a promising tool for cell therapy and are currently being tested in FDA-approved phase I-III clinical trials for many disorders. In preclinical studies of neurodegenerative disorders, MSC have demonstrated efficacy, when used as delivery vehicles for neural growth factors. A number of investigators have examined the potential benefits of innate MSC-secreted trophic support and augmented growth factors to support injured neurons. These include overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial-derived neurotrophic factor, using genetically engineered MSC as a vehicle to deliver the cytokines directly into the microenvironment. Proposed regenerative approaches to neurological diseases using MSC include cell therapies in which cells are delivered via intracerebral or intrathecal injection. Upon transplantation, MSC in the brain promote endogenous neuronal growth, encourage synaptic connection from damaged neurons, decrease apoptosis, reduce levels of free radicals, and regulate inflammation. These abilities are primarily modulated through paracrine actions. Clinical trials for MSC injection into the central nervous system to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, and stroke are currently ongoing. The current data in support of applying MSC-based cellular therapies to the treatment of Huntington's disease is discussed.
Collapse
|
36
|
CARNEY BJ, SHAH K. Migration and fate of therapeutic stem cells in different brain disease models. Neuroscience 2011; 197:37-47. [PMID: 21946010 PMCID: PMC3589128 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells have a number of properties, which make them excellent candidates for the treatment of various neurologic disorders, the most important of which being their ability to migrate to and differentiate predictably at sites of pathology in the brain. The disease-directed migration and well-characterized differentiation patterns of stem cells may eventually provide a powerful tool for the treatment of both localized and diffuse disease processes within the human brain. A thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing their migratory properties and their choice between different differentiation programs is essential if these cells are to be used therapeutically in humans. This review focuses on summarizing the migration and differentiation of therapeutic neural and mesenchymal stem cells in different disease models in the brain and also discusses the promise of these cells to eventually treat various forms of neurologic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B. J. CARNEY
- Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K. SHAH
- Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Role of mesenchymal stem cells in neurogenesis and nervous system repair. Neurochem Int 2011; 59:347-56. [PMID: 21718735 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are attractive candidates for use in regenerative medicine since they are easily accessible and can be readily expanded in vivo, and possess unique immunogenic properties. Moreover, these multipotent cells display intriguing environmental adaptability and secretory capacity. The ability of MSCs to migrate and engraft in a range of tissues has received significant attention. Evidence indicating that MSC transplantation results in functional improvement in animal models of neurological disorders has highlighted exciting potential for their use in neurological cell-based therapies. The manner in which MSCs elicit positive effects in the damaged nervous system remains unclear. Cell fusion and/or 'transdifferentiation' phenomena, by which MSCs have been proposed to adopt neural cell phenotypes, occur at very low frequency and are unlikely to fully account for observed neurological improvement. Alternatively, MSC-mediated neural recovery may result from the release of soluble molecules, with MSC-derived growth factors and extracellular matrix components influencing the activity of endogenous neural cells. This review discusses the potential of MSCs as candidates for use in therapies to treat neurological disorders and the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which they are understood to act.
Collapse
|
38
|
Pandit SR, Sullivan JM, Egger V, Borecki AA, Oleskevich S. Functional Effects of Adult Human Olfactory Stem Cells on Early-Onset Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Stem Cells 2011; 29:670-7. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
39
|
Joyce N, Annett G, Wirthlin L, Olson S, Bauer G, Nolta JA. Mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease. Regen Med 2011; 5:933-46. [PMID: 21082892 DOI: 10.2217/rme.10.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells/marrow stromal cells (MSCs) present a promising tool for cell therapy, and are currently being tested in US FDA-approved clinical trials for myocardial infarction, stroke, meniscus injury, limb ischemia, graft-versus-host disease and autoimmune disorders. They have been extensively tested and proven effective in preclinical studies for these and many other disorders. There is currently a great deal of interest in the use of MSCs to treat neurodegenerative diseases, in particular for those that are fatal and difficult to treat, such as Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Proposed regenerative approaches to neurological diseases using MSCs include cell therapies in which cells are delivered via intracerebral or intrathecal injection. Upon transplantation into the brain, MSCs promote endogenous neuronal growth, decrease apoptosis, reduce levels of free radicals, encourage synaptic connection from damaged neurons and regulate inflammation, primarily through paracrine actions. MSCs transplanted into the brain have been demonstrated to promote functional recovery by producing trophic factors that induce survival and regeneration of host neurons. Therapies will capitalize on the innate trophic support from MSCs or on augmented growth factor support, such as delivering brain-derived neurotrophic factor or glial-derived neurotrophic factor into the brain to support injured neurons, using genetically engineered MSCs as the delivery vehicles. Clinical trials for MSC injection into the CNS to treat traumatic brain injury and stroke are currently ongoing. The current data in support of applying MSC-based cellular therapies to the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanette Joyce
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Stem Cell Program, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
In the adult brain, neurogenesis under physiological conditions occurs in the subventricular zone and in the dentate gyrus. Although the exact molecular mechanisms that regulate neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation are largely unknown, several factors have been shown to affect neurogenesis. Decreased neurogenesis in the hippocampus has been recognized as one of the mechanisms of age-related brain dysfunction. Furthermore, in pathological conditions of the central nervous system associated with neuroinflammation, inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines can affect the capacity of brain stem cells and alter neurogenesis. In this review, we summarize the state of the art on the effects of neuroinflammation on adult neurogenesis and discuss the use of the lipopolysaccharide-model to study the effects of inflammation and reactive-microglia on brain stem cells and neurogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss the possible causes underlying reduced neurogenesis with normal aging and potential anti-inflammatory, pro-neurogenic interventions aimed at improving memory deficits in normal and pathological aging and in neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Russo
- Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, 25123
| | - Sergio Barlati
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, 25123
| | - Francesca Bosetti
- Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tse KH, Sun M, Mantovani C, Terenghi G, Downes S, Kingham PJ. In vitro evaluation of polyester-based scaffolds seeded with adipose derived stem cells for peripheral nerve regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 95:701-8. [PMID: 20725987 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
To overcome the disadvantages of autografts for peripheral nerve repair, different methods such as artificial nerve conduits have been investigated for an alternative approach. This study demonstrated that solvent casting is a simple but efficient method to create thin polyester-based scaffolds for stem cell delivery. Using poly (ε-caprolactone) and poly (D,L-lactic acid), we produced scaffold films containing heterogenous depressions (pits) on the air surface with a size ranging from 0.5 to 30 μm(2). These scaffolds were moderately hydrophobic; however, they supported the differentiation of adipose derived stem cells (ADSC) into a Schwann cell-like phenotype. The differentiated ADSC (dADSC) expressed S100 protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein and readily adhered to the films and proliferated at a similar rate to those cultured on tissue culture polystyrene. Cells were also positive for proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Furthermore, dADSC retained functional activity and significantly enhanced neurite outgrowth from dorsal root ganglia neurons. This study suggests polymer scaffolds combined with dADSCs could be a promising therapy for peripheral nerve injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hei Tse
- Blond McIndoe Research Laboratories, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Habisch HJ, Liebau S, Lenk T, Ludolph AC, Brenner R, Storch A. Neuroectodermally converted human mesenchymal stromal cells provide cytoprotective effects on neural stem cells and inhibit their glial differentiation. Cytotherapy 2010; 12:491-504. [DOI: 10.3109/14653241003649502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
43
|
Abstract
Stem cells have emerged as a key element of regenerative medicine therapies due to their inherent ability to differentiate into a variety of cell phenotypes, thereby providing numerous potential cell therapies to treat an array of degenerative diseases and traumatic injuries. A recent paradigm shift has emerged suggesting that the beneficial effects of stem cells may not be restricted to cell restoration alone, but also due to their transient paracrine actions. Stem cells can secrete potent combinations of trophic factors that modulate the molecular composition of the environment to evoke responses from resident cells. Based on this new insight, current research directions include efforts to elucidate, augment and harness stem cell paracrine mechanisms for tissue regeneration. This article discusses the existing studies on stem/progenitor cell trophic factor production, implications for tissue regeneration and cancer therapies, and development of novel strategies to use stem cell paracrine delivery for regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priya R Baraniak
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Rice CM, Scolding NJ. Adult human mesenchymal cells proliferate and migrate in response to chemokines expressed in demyelination. Cell Adh Migr 2010; 4:235-40. [PMID: 20234187 DOI: 10.4161/cam.4.2.11404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic delivery of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) may be of benefit in the treatment of neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Certainly, animal studies have demonstrated functional benefits following MSC transplantation, although the mechanisms by which MSCs migrate to lesions and stimulate repair remain unknown. Chemokines stimulate migration in other settings. In this study, we systematically explore the migratory and proliferative responses of human MSCs (hMSC) to chemokines expressed in MS lesions. We demonstrate that these chemokines trigger hMSC migration. In addition, we show that RANTES and IP-10 promote hMSC proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Rice
- Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Bristol, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Jamous M, Al-Zoubi A, Khabaz MN, Khaledi R, Khateeb MA, Al-Zoubi Z. Purification of Mouse Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells Promotes Ex Vivo Neuronal Differentiation. Cell Transplant 2010; 19:193-202. [DOI: 10.3727/096368910x492599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study is to test the potential of specific populations of mouse bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) to differentiate into the neuronal cell lineage. Bone marrow of 33 mice was aspirated under general anesthesia. The collected marrows were analyzed for cell counts, compositions, and percentages of different stem cell types. We used the Midi MACS magnetic separator to purify specific populations of stem cells from the aspirated bone marrow. Cells were analyzed using flow cytometry. We assessed the presence of stem cell antigen-1 (Sca-1+) and prominin-1+ cells in the cellular fraction that was depleted of lineage-committed cells (lineage-). Both purified and nonpurified cells were cultured ex vivo using specific growth media with factors that drive the cells to differentiate into the neuroglial cell types. Cells were then analyzed by flow cytometry for expression of specific neuronal markers. Our results showed that there was an increase of Sca-1+ and prominin-1+ cells in the lineage- fraction over the unpurified BM. After lineage depletion, the percentages of Sca-1+ and prominin-1+ cells increased from 4.9% and 2.6%, up to 76.1% and 59%, respectively. Unpurified mouse BM differentiated into fibroblasts, whereas Sca-1+ cells were able to generate astrocytes. Interestingly, purified prominin-1+ cells were able to generate neuronal cells. Purification of adult bone marrow-derived stem cells enhances their potentiality for differentiating into specific neuronal cell lineages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jamous
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Adeeb Al-Zoubi
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, College of Science, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohamad Nidal Khabaz
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Rana Khaledi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Al Khateeb
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sadan O, Melamed E, Offen D. Bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2010; 9:1487-97. [PMID: 19821796 DOI: 10.1517/14712590903321439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem-cell-based therapy is a promising new approach to handling neurodegenerative diseases. One of the most promising cellular sources is bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) also termed multipotent stromal cells. MSCs represent an autologous source and are abundant and non-tumorigenic. Additionally, MSCs possess the useful characteristics of homing and chemokine secretion. OBJECTIVE/METHODS Since neurodegenerative diseases have many pathological processes in common, a specific therapeutic agent could potentially ameliorate the symptoms of several distinct neurodegenerative diseases. In this review we demonstrate the wide variety of mechanisms by which MSCs can influence neurodegenerative processes. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS The mechanisms by which transplanted MSCs influence neurodegenerative diseases can be broadly classified as cellular replacement or paracrine secretion, with the latter subdivided into trophic factor secretion or immunomodulation by cytokines. Emerging research suggests that genetic manipulations before transplantation could enhance the therapeutic potential of MSCs. Such manipulation could turn the cells into a 'Trojan horse', to deliver specific proteins, or promote reprogramming of the MSCs into the neural lineage. Clinical trials testing MSC-based therapies for familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis are in progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Sadan
- Neurosciences Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lindsay SL, Riddell JS, Barnett SC. Olfactory mucosa for transplant-mediated repair: A complex tissue for a complex injury? Glia 2010; 58:125-34. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.20917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
48
|
Greco SJ, Rameshwar P. Recent advances and novel approaches in deriving neurons from stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 6:324-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b914822c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
49
|
Transplantation of undifferentiated human mesenchymal stem cells protects against 6-hydroxydopamine neurotoxicity in the rat. Cell Transplant 2009; 19:203-17. [PMID: 19906332 DOI: 10.3727/096368909x479839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have been increasingly recognized as a potential tool to replace or support cells damaged by the neurodegenerative process that underlies Parkinson's disease (PD). In this frame, human adult mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have been proposed as an attractive alternative to heterologous embryonic or neural precursor cells. To address this issue, in this study we implanted undifferentiated hMSCs into the striatum of rats bearing a lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway induced by local injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), a widely recognized rodent model of PD. Before grafting, cultured hMSCs expressed markers of both undifferentiated and committed neural cells, including nestin, GAP-43, NSE, beta-tubulin III, and MAP-2, as well as several cytokine mRNAs. No glial or specific neuronal markers were detected. Following transplantation, some hMSCs acquired a glial-like phenotype, as shown by immunoreactivity for glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), but only in animals bearing the nigrostriatal lesion. More importantly, rats that received the striatal graft showed increased survival of both cell bodies and terminals of dopaminergic, nigrostriatal neurons, coupled with a reduction of the behavioral abnormalities (apomorphine-induced turning behavior) associated with the lesion. No differentiation of the MSCs toward a neuronal (dopaminergic) phenotype was observed in vivo. In conclusion, our results suggest that grafted hMSCs exert neuroprotective effects against nigrostriatal degeneration induced by 6-OHDA. The mechanisms underlying this effect remain to be clarified, although it is likely that the acquisition of a glial phenotype by grafted hMSCs may lead to the release of prosurvival cytokines within the lesioned striatum.
Collapse
|