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Kang KR, Kim J, Ryu B, Lee SG, Oh MS, Baek J, Ren X, Canavero S, Kim CY, Chung HM. BAPTA, a calcium chelator, neuroprotects injured neurons in vitro and promotes motor recovery after spinal cord transection in vivo. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:919-929. [PMID: 33942993 PMCID: PMC8265943 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Despite animal evidence of a role of calcium in the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury, several studies conducted in the past found calcium blockade ineffective. However, those studies involved oral or parenteral administration of Ca++ antagonists. We hypothesized that Ca++ blockade might be effective with local/immediate application (LIA) at the time of neural injury. Methods In this study, we assessed the effects of LIA of BAPTA (1,2‐bis (o‐aminophenoxy) ethane‐N, N, N′, N'‐tetraacetic acid), a cell‐permeable highly selective Ca++ chelator, after spinal cord transection (SCT) in mice over 4 weeks. Effects of BAPTA were assessed behaviorally and with immunohistochemistry. Concurrently, BAPTA was submitted for the first time to multimodality assessment in an in vitro model of neural damage as a possible spinal neuroprotectant. Results We demonstrate that BAPTA alleviates neuronal apoptosis caused by physical damage by inhibition of neuronal apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. This translates to enhanced preservation of electrophysiological function and superior behavioral recovery. Conclusion This study shows for the first time that local/immediate application of Ca++ chelator BAPTA is strongly neuroprotective after severe spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Ree Kang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bokyeong Ryu
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seul-Gi Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Seok Oh
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jieun Baek
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Xiaoping Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruikang Hospital, Nanning, China.,GICUP-Global Initiative to Cure Paralysis, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sergio Canavero
- GICUP-Global Initiative to Cure Paralysis, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,HEAVEN/GEMINI International Collaborative Group, Turin, Italy
| | - C-Yoon Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,GICUP-Global Initiative to Cure Paralysis, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Min Chung
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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Compounds targeting YadC of uropathogenic Escherichia coli and its host receptor annexin A2 decrease bacterial colonization in bladder. EBioMedicine 2019; 50:23-33. [PMID: 31757778 PMCID: PMC6921372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the leading cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs), and fimbrial tip adhesins, play important roles in UPEC colonization. Few fimbrial tip adhesins and their receptors on host cells, which have the potential to be the therapeutic targets, have been identified. Methods the UPEC wild-type strain CFT073, ΔyadC and the complemented strain were used to perform assays in vitro and in vivo. The effects of D-xylose targeting YadC on UPEC colonization were evaluated. A YadC receptor was identified by far-western blotting, LC-MS/MS and co-immunoprecipitation. The effects of compounds targeting the receptor on UPEC colonization were tested. Findings YadC was investigated for its mediation of UPEC adhesion and invasion to bladder epithelial cells in vitro; and its promotion of UPEC colonization in bladder in vivo. D-xylose, targeting YadC, showed prophylactic and therapeutic effects on UPEC colonization. Annexin A2 (ANXA2) was identified as a YadC receptor, involved in UPEC infection. ANXA2 inhibitors attenuated UPEC infections. The yadC gene was widely present in UPEC clinical isolates and phylogenetic analysis of yadC was performed. Interpretation YadC and its receptor ANXA2 play important roles in UPEC colonization in bladder, leading to novel treatment strategies targeting YadC or ANXA2 for acute UTIs. Fund This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Programs (31670071 and 31970133), the National Key Technologies R&D Program, Intergovernmental international innovation cooperation (2018YFE0102000), Tianjin Science and Technology Commissioner Project (18JCZDJC36000), the Science & Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Education Commission for Higher Education (2017ZD12). The Science Foundation of Tianjin Medical University (2016KY2M08).
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3
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Hu B, Mccollum M, Ravi V, Arpag S, Moiseev D, Castoro R, Mobley BC, Burnette BW, Siskind C, Day JW, Yawn R, Feely S, Li Y, Yan Q, Shy ME, Li J. Myelin abnormality in Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4J recapitulates features of acquired demyelination. Ann Neurol 2018; 83:756-770. [PMID: 29518270 PMCID: PMC5912982 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4J (CMT4J) is a rare autosomal recessive neuropathy caused by mutations in FIG4 that result in loss of FIG4 protein. This study investigates the natural history and mechanisms of segmental demyelination in CMT4J. METHODS Over the past 9 years, we have enrolled and studied a cohort of 12 CMT4J patients, including 6 novel FIG4 mutations. We evaluated these patients and related mouse models using morphological, electrophysiological, and biochemical approaches. RESULTS We found sensory motor demyelinating polyneuropathy consistently in all patients. This underlying myelin pathology was associated with nonuniform slowing of conduction velocities, conduction block, and temporal dispersion on nerve conduction studies, which resemble those features in acquired demyelinating peripheral nerve diseases. Segmental demyelination was also confirmed in mice without Fig4 (Fig4-/- ). The demyelination was associated with an increase of Schwann cell dedifferentiation and macrophages in spinal roots where nerve-blood barriers are weak. Schwann cell dedifferentiation was induced by the increasing intracellular Ca2+ . Suppression of Ca2+ level by a chelator reduced dedifferentiation and demyelination of Schwann cells in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, cell-specific knockout of Fig4 in mouse Schwann cells or neurons failed to cause segmental demyelination. INTERPRETATION Myelin change in CMT4J recapitulates the features of acquired demyelinating neuropathies. This pathology is not Schwann cell autonomous. Instead, it relates to systemic processes involving interactions of multiple cell types and abnormally elevated intracellular Ca2+ . Injection of a Ca2+ chelator into Fig4-/- mice improved segmental demyelination, thereby providing a therapeutic strategy against demyelination. Ann Neurol 2018;83:756-770.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Center for Human Genetic Research, and Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Megan Mccollum
- Department of Neurology, Center for Human Genetic Research, and Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Vignesh Ravi
- Department of Neurology, Center for Human Genetic Research, and Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sezgi Arpag
- Department of Neurology, Center for Human Genetic Research, and Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Daniel Moiseev
- Department of Neurology, Center for Human Genetic Research, and Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ryan Castoro
- Department of PMR, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Bret C. Mobley
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Bryan W. Burnette
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Carly Siskind
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - John W. Day
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Robin Yawn
- Department of Neurology, Center for Human Genetic Research, and Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Shawna Feely
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Yuebing Li
- Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Qing Yan
- Department of Neurology, Center for Human Genetic Research, and Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Michael E. Shy
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Neurology, Center for Human Genetic Research, and Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System – Nashville VA, Nashville, Tennessee
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Calcium ion regulation by BAPTA-AM and ruthenium red improved the fertilisation capacity and developmental ability of vitrified bovine oocytes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10652. [PMID: 28878377 PMCID: PMC5587528 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10907-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitrification reduces the fertilisation capacity and developmental ability of mammalian oocytes; this effect is closely associated with an abnormal increase of cytoplasmic free calcium ions ([Ca2+]i). However, little information about the mechanism by which vitrification increases [Ca2+]i levels or a procedure to regulate [Ca2+]i levels in these oocytes is available. Vitrified bovine oocytes were used to analyse the effect of vitrification on [Ca2+]i, endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ (ER Ca2+), and mitochondrial Ca2+ (mCa2+) levels. Our results showed that vitrification, especially with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), can induce ER Ca2+ release into the cytoplasm, consequently increasing the [Ca2+]i and mCa2+ levels. Supplementing the cells with 10 μM 1,2-bis (o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA-AM or BAPTA) significantly decreased the [Ca2+]i level and maintained the normal distribution of cortical granules in the vitrified bovine oocytes, increasing their fertilisation ability and cleavage rate after in vitro fertilisation (IVF). Treating vitrified bovine oocytes with 1 μM ruthenium red (RR) significantly inhibited the Ca2+ flux from the cytoplasm into mitochondria; maintained normal mCa2+ levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP content; and inhibited apoptosis. Treating vitrified oocytes with a combination of BAPTA and RR significantly improved embryo development and quality after IVF.
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Baliño P, Ledesma JC, Aragon CMG. Role of phosphodiesterase-4 on ethanol elicited locomotion and narcosis. Neuropharmacology 2015; 101:271-8. [PMID: 26449868 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The cAMP signaling pathway has emerged as an important modulator of the pharmacological effects of ethanol. In this respect, the cAMP-dependent protein kinase has been shown to play an important role in the modulation of several ethanol-induced behavioral actions. Cellular levels of cAMP are maintained by the activity of adenylyl cyclases and phosphodiesterases. In the present work we have focused on ascertaining the role of PDE4 in mediating the neurobehavioral effects of ethanol. For this purpose, we have used the selective PDE4 inhibitor Ro 20-1724. This compound has been proven to enhance cellular cAMP response by PDE4 blockade and can be administered systemically. Swiss mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with Ro 20-1724 (0-5 mg/kg; i.p.) at different time intervals before ethanol (0-4 g/kg; i.p.) administration. Immediately after the ethanol injection, locomotor activity, loss of righting reflex, PKA footprint and enzymatic activity were assessed. Pretreatment with Ro 20-1724 increased ethanol-induced locomotor stimulation in a dose-dependent manner. Doses that increased locomotor stimulation did not modify basal locomotion or the suppression of motor activity produced by high doses of this alcohol. Ro 20-1724 did not alter the locomotor activation produced by amphetamine or cocaine. The time of loss of righting reflex evoked by ethanol was increased after pretreatment with Ro 20-1724. This effect was selective for the narcotic effects of ethanol since Ro 20-1724 did not affect pentobarbital-induced narcotic effects. Moreover, Ro 20-1724 administration increased the PKA footprint and enzymatic activity response elicited by ethanol. These data provide further evidence of the key role of the cAMP signaling pathway in the central effects of ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Baliño
- Área de Psicobiología, Universtitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Ledesma
- Área de Psicobiología, Universtitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain.
| | - Carlos M G Aragon
- Área de Psicobiología, Universtitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain.
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Baliño P, Ledesma JC, Aragon CMG. Role of CA2+/calmodulin on ethanol neurobehavioral effects. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:4611-21. [PMID: 24853690 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3610-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) signaling transduction pathway has been shown to play an important role in the modulation of several ethanol-induced behaviors. Different studies have demonstrated intracellular calcium (Ca(2+))-dependent activation of the PKA cascade after ethanol administration. Thus, the cAMP cascade mediator Ca(2+)-dependent calmodulin (CaM) has been strongly implicated in the central effects of ethanol. OBJECTIVES In this study, we assessed the role of the CaM inhibitor W7 on ethanol-induced stimulation, ethanol intake, and ethanol-induced activation of PKA. METHODS Swiss mice were pretreated with W7 (0-10 mg/kg) 30 min before ethanol (0-3.75 g/kg) administration. Immediately, animals were placed during 20 min in an open-field chamber. Ethanol (10 %, v/v) intake in 2 h was assessed using a limited access paradigm. Experiments with caffeine (0-15 mg/kg), cocaine (0-4 mg/kg), and saccharine (0.1 %, w/v) were designed to compare their results to those obtained with ethanol. Western blot was assayed 45 min after ethanol administration. RESULTS Results showed that pretreatment with W7, reduced selectively in a dose-dependent fashion ethanol-induced locomotor stimulation and ethanol intake. The ethanol-induced activation of PKA was also prevented by W7 administration. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that CaM inhibition resulted in a selective reduction of ethanol-stimulating effects and ethanol intake. The PKA activation induced by ethanol was blocked after the CaM blockade with W7. These results provide further evidence of the key role of cellular Ca(2+)-dependent pathways on the central effects of ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Baliño
- Área de Psicobiología, Universtitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain,
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Kurokawa K, Mizuno K, Ohkuma S. Sensitization of ethanol-induced place preference as a result of up-regulation of type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors in mouse nucleus accumbens. J Neurochem 2014; 131:836-47. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Kurokawa
- Department of Pharmacology; Kawasaki Medical School; Kurashiki Japan
| | - Koji Mizuno
- Department of Pharmacology; Kawasaki Medical School; Kurashiki Japan
| | - Seitaro Ohkuma
- Department of Pharmacology; Kawasaki Medical School; Kurashiki Japan
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Tarragon E, Baliño P, Aragon CMG. Centrally formed acetaldehyde mediates ethanol-induced brain PKA activation. Neurosci Lett 2014; 580:68-73. [PMID: 25093700 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Centrally formed acetaldehyde has proven to be responsible for several psychopharmacological effects induced by ethanol. In addition, it has been suggested that the cAMP-PKA signaling transduction pathway plays an important role in the modulation of several ethanol-induced behaviors. Therefore, we hypothesized that acetaldehyde might be ultimately responsible for the activation of this intracellular pathway. We used three pharmacological agents that modify acetaldehyde activity (α-lipoic acid, aminotriazole, and d-penicillamine) to study the role of this metabolite on EtOH-induced PKA activation in mice. Our results show that the injection of α-lipoic acid, aminotriazole and d-penicillamine prior to acute EtOH administration effectively blocks the PKA-enhanced response to EtOH in the brain. These results strongly support the hypothesis of a selective release of acetaldehyde-dependent Ca(2+) as the mechanism involved in the neurobehavioral effects elicited by EtOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tarragon
- Área de Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, Castellon de la Plana, Spain
| | - P Baliño
- Área de Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, Castellon de la Plana, Spain
| | - C M G Aragon
- Área de Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, Castellon de la Plana, Spain.
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Induction of brain cytochrome P450 2E1 boosts the locomotor-stimulating effects of ethanol in mice. Neuropharmacology 2014; 85:36-44. [PMID: 24863043 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the central nervous system ethanol (EtOH) is metabolized into acetaldehyde by different enzymes. Brain catalase accounts for 60% of the total production of EtOH-derived acetaldehyde, whereas cerebral cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP 2E1) produces 20% of this metabolite. Acetaldehyde formed by the activity of central catalase has been implicated in some of the neurobehavioral properties of EtOH, yet the contribution of CYP 2E1 to the pharmacological actions of this drug has not been investigated. Here we assessed the possible participation of CYP 2E1 in the behavioral effects of EtOH. Thus, we induced CYP 2E1 activity and expression by exposing mice to chronic acetone intake (1% v/v for 10 days) and examined its consequences on the stimulating and uncoordinating effects of EtOH (0-3.2 g/kg) injected intraperitoneally. Our data showed that 24 h after withdrawal of acetone brain expression and activity of CYP 2E1 was induced. Furthermore, the locomotion produced by EtOH was boosted over the same interval of time. Locomotor stimulation produced by amphetamine or tert-butanol was unchanged by previous treatment with acetone. EtOH-induced motor impairment as evaluated in a Rota-Rod apparatus was unaffected by the preceding exposure to acetone. These results indicate that cerebral CYP 2E1 activity could contribute to the locomotor-stimulating effects of EtOH, and therefore we suggest that centrally produced acetaldehyde might be a possible mediator of some EtOH-induced pharmacological effects.
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Ledesma JC, Escrig MA, Pastor R, Aragon CM. The MAO-A inhibitor clorgyline reduces ethanol-induced locomotion and its volitional intake in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 116:30-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Baliño P, Ledesma JC, Aragon CMG. In vivo study of ethanol-activated brain protein kinase A: manipulations of Ca2+ distribution and flux. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2013; 38:629-40. [PMID: 24117724 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) signaling transduction pathway has been shown to play an important role in the modulation of several ethanol (EtOH)-induced behavioral actions. In vivo, short-term exposure to EtOH up-regulates the cAMP-signaling cascade. Interestingly, different Ca(2+) -dependent cAMP-PKA cascade mediators play a critical role in the neurobehavioral response to EtOH, being of special relevance to the Ca(2+) -dependent adenylyl cyclases 1 and 8. We hypothesize an intracellular PKA activation elicited by EtOH administration, which may be regulated by a Ca(2+) -dependent mechanism as an early cellular response. Thus, the present work aims to explore the role of Ca(2+) (internal and external) on the EtOH-activated PKA cascade. METHODS Swiss male mice received an intraperitoneal injection of EtOH (0 or 4 g/kg), and brains were dissected following a temporal pattern (7, 15, 30, 45, 90, or 120 minutes). Either the enzymatic PKA activity or its fingerprint was analyzed on different brain areas (cortex, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and striatum). To explore the role of Ca(2+) on the EtOH-activated PKA cascade, mice were pretreated with diltiazem (0 or 20 mg/kg), dantrolene (0 or 5 mg/kg), or 3,7-Dimethyl-1-(2-propynyl)xanthine (0 or 1 mg/kg) 30 minutes before EtOH (4 g/kg) administration. After 45 minutes of EtOH administration, brains were removed and dissected to measure the PKA activity or its fingerprint. RESULTS Results from these experiments showed an EtOH-dependent activation of PKA in different brain areas. Manipulations involving a disruption of intracellular Ca(2+) release from the endoplasmic reticulum resulted in a decreased EtOH-induced activation of PKA. On the contrary, extracellular-to-cytoplasm Ca(2+) manipulations did not prevent the PKA activation by EtOH. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these results show the critical role of stored Ca(2+) as an intracellular mediator of different neurobiological actions of EtOH and provide further evidence of a possible new target for EtOH within the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Baliño
- Area de Psicobiologia, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
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Samantaray S, Patel KS, Knaryan VH, Thakore NP, Roudabush S, Heissenbuttle JH, Becker HC, Banik NL. Calpain inhibition prevents ethanol-induced alterations in spinal motoneurons. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:1734-41. [PMID: 23690229 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1077-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Long-term exposure of ethanol (EtOH) alters the structure and function in brain and spinal cord. The present study addresses the mechanisms of EtOH-induced damaging effects on spinal motoneurons in vitro. Altered morphology and biochemical changes of such damage were demonstrated by in situ Wright staining and DNA ladder assay. EtOH at low to moderate (25-50 mM) concentrations induced damaging effects in the motoneuronal scaffold which involved activation of proteases like μ-calpain and caspase-3. Caspase-8 was seen only at higher (100 mM) EtOH concentration. Further, pretreatment with calpeptin, a potent calpain inhibitor, confirmed the involvement of active proteases in EtOH-induced damage to motoneurons. The lysosomal enzyme cathepsin D was also elevated in the motoneurons by EtOH, and this effect was significantly attenuated by inhibitor treatment. Overall, EtOH exposure rendered spinal motoneurons vulnerable to damage, and calpeptin provided protection, suggesting a critical role of calpain activation in EtOH-induced alterations in spinal motoneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriti Samantaray
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Suite 309 CSB, MSC 606, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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Tarragon E, Baliño P, Aragon CMG. Dantrolene blockade of ryanodine receptor impairs ethanol-induced behavioral stimulation, ethanol intake and loss of righting reflex. Behav Brain Res 2012; 233:554-62. [PMID: 22677274 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Calcium has been characterized as one of the most ubiquitous, universal and versatile intracellular signals. Among other substances with the ability to alter intracellular calcium levels, ethanol has been described as particularly relevant because of its social and economic impact. Ethanol effects on calcium distribution and flux in vitro have been widely studied, showing that acute ethanol administration can modulate intracellular calcium concentrations in a dose dependent manner. Intracellular calcium released from the endoplasmic reticulum plays a determinant role in several cellular processes. In this study, we aim to assess the effect of dantrolene, a ryanodine receptor antagonist, on three different ethanol-elicited behaviors: locomotor activity, loss of righting reflex and ethanol intake. Mice were challenged with an injection of dantrolene (0-5 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min before ethanol (0-4 g/kg, i.p.) administration. Animals were immediately placed in an open field cylinder to monitor distance travelled horizontally or in a V-shaped trough to measure righting reflex recovery time. For ethanol intake, dantrolene (0-5mg/kg, i.p.) was administered 30 min before ethanol (20%, v/v) exposure, following a drinking in the dark paradigm. Our results showed that dantrolene selectively reduces ethanol-induced stimulation, loss of righting reflex, and ethanol intake in a dose dependent manner. Together, these data suggest that intracellular calcium released from the endoplasmic reticulum may play a critical role in behavioral effects caused by ethanol, and point to a calcium-dependent pathway as a possible cellular mechanism of action for ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Tarragon
- Area de Psicobiologia, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
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Soontornniyomkij V, Risbrough VB, Young JW, Soontornniyomkij B, Jeste DV, Achim CL. Hippocampal calbindin-1 immunoreactivity correlate of recognition memory performance in aged mice. Neurosci Lett 2012; 516:161-5. [PMID: 22503902 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aging-related dysregulation of neuronal calcium metabolism, which not only involves the control of calcium fluxes but also the cytosolic calcium buffering system such as calbindin-1 (Calb1), may disturb synaptic plasticity and thereby memory functioning. Calb1 expression has been shown to affect hippocampal long-term potentiation and learning and to play a neuroprotective role in animal models of ischemic brain injury and neurodegenerative disorders. We hypothesize that memory performance in aged mice correlates with neuronal Calb1 protein expression in the hippocampal formation. We studied a set of 18 aged and 22 young male C57BL/6N mice, in which the aged group performed poorer than the young in single-trial novel object recognition testing (two-tailed p=0.005, U test). Apparent decreases in the Calb1 immunoreactivity (measured by quantitative immunohistochemistry) in aged mice compared to that in young mice were not statistically significant either in the hippocampal CA1 subfield or dentate gyrus. In the aged mouse group, levels of Calb1 immunoreactivity both in the CA1 subfield and dentate gyrus correlated directly with the measure of recognition memory performance (Spearman rank correlation r(s)=0.47 and 0.48, two-tailed p=0.047 and 0.044, respectively). Our results suggest that hippocampal Calb1 expression affects memory performance in aged mice probably via its role in maintaining neuronal calcium homeostasis. Alternatively, our finding of lower Calb1 immunoreactivity with poorer memory performance in aged mice might be attributed to saturation of Calb1 protein by higher levels of intracellular calcium, due to aging-related dysregulation of neuronal calcium fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virawudh Soontornniyomkij
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0603, USA.
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