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Salikhova DI, Shedenkova MO, Sudina AK, Belousova EV, Krasilnikova IA, Nekrasova AA, Nefedova ZA, Frolov DA, Fatkhudinov TK, Makarov AV, Surin AM, Savostyanov KV, Goldshtein DV, Bakaeva ZV. Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of proteins secreted by glial progenitor cells derived from human iPSCs. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1449063. [PMID: 39165834 PMCID: PMC11333358 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1449063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, stem cells technology is an effective tool in regenerative medicine. Cell therapy is based on the use of stem/progenitor cells to repair or replace damaged tissues or organs. This approach can be used to treat various diseases, such as cardiovascular, neurological diseases, and injuries of various origins. The mechanisms of cell therapy therapeutic action are based on the integration of the graft into the damaged tissue (replacement effect) and the ability of cells to secrete biologically active molecules such as cytokines, growth factors and other signaling molecules that promote regeneration (paracrine effect). However, cell transplantation has a number of limitations due to cell transportation complexity and immune rejection. A potentially more effective therapy is using only paracrine factors released by stem cells. Secreted factors can positively affect the damaged tissue: promote forming new blood vessels, stimulate cell proliferation, and reduce inflammation and apoptosis. In this work, we have studied the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of proteins with a molecular weight below 100 kDa secreted by glial progenitor cells obtained from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Proteins secreted by glial progenitor cells exerted anti-inflammatory effects in a primary glial culture model of LPS-induced inflammation by reducing nitric oxide (NO) production through inhibition of inducible NO synthase (iNOS). At the same time, added secreted proteins neutralized the effect of glutamate, increasing the number of viable neurons to control values. This effect is a result of decreased level of intracellular calcium, which, at elevated concentrations, triggers apoptotic death of neurons. In addition, secreted proteins reduce mitochondrial depolarization caused by glutamate excitotoxicity and help maintain higher NADH levels. This therapy can be successfully introduced into clinical practice after additional preclinical studies, increasing the effectiveness of rehabilitation of patients with neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana I. Salikhova
- Laboratory of Cellular Biotechnology, Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Medical Institute of RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Genetics, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Margarita O. Shedenkova
- Laboratory of Cellular Biotechnology, Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Medical Institute of RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Genetics, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasya K. Sudina
- Laboratory of Cellular Biotechnology, Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Medical Institute of RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Genetics, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V. Belousova
- Laboratory of Cellular Biotechnology, Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Medical Institute of RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Genetics, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina A. Krasilnikova
- Medical Genetic Center, National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasya A. Nekrasova
- Medical Genetic Center, National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zlata A. Nefedova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniil A. Frolov
- Institute of Information Technologies, MIREA-Russian Technological University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur Kh. Fatkhudinov
- Laboratory of Cellular Biotechnology, Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Medical Institute of RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Makarov
- Laboratory of Cellular Biotechnology, Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Medical Institute of RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander M. Surin
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Problems of Pain, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill V. Savostyanov
- Medical Genetic Center, National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Goldshtein
- Laboratory of Cellular Biotechnology, Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Medical Institute of RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Genetics, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zanda V. Bakaeva
- Medical Genetic Center, National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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Jenkner S, Clark JM, Gronthos S, O’Hare Doig RL. Molars to Medicine: A Focused Review on the Pre-Clinical Investigation and Treatment of Secondary Degeneration following Spinal Cord Injury Using Dental Stem Cells. Cells 2024; 13:817. [PMID: 38786039 PMCID: PMC11119219 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can result in the permanent loss of mobility, sensation, and autonomic function. Secondary degeneration after SCI both initiates and propagates a hostile microenvironment that is resistant to natural repair mechanisms. Consequently, exogenous stem cells have been investigated as a potential therapy for repairing and recovering damaged cells after SCI and other CNS disorders. This focused review highlights the contributions of mesenchymal (MSCs) and dental stem cells (DSCs) in attenuating various secondary injury sequelae through paracrine and cell-to-cell communication mechanisms following SCI and other types of neurotrauma. These mechanistic events include vascular dysfunction, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, apoptosis and cell loss, neuroinflammation, and structural deficits. The review of studies that directly compare MSC and DSC capabilities also reveals the superior capabilities of DSC in reducing the effects of secondary injury and promoting a favorable microenvironment conducive to repair and regeneration. This review concludes with a discussion of the current limitations and proposes improvements in the future assessment of stem cell therapy through the reporting of the effects of DSC viability and DSC efficacy in attenuating secondary damage after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Jenkner
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (S.J.); (S.G.)
- Neil Sachse Centre for Spinal Cord Research, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000, Australia;
| | - Jillian Mary Clark
- Neil Sachse Centre for Spinal Cord Research, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000, Australia;
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Stan Gronthos
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (S.J.); (S.G.)
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Ryan Louis O’Hare Doig
- Neil Sachse Centre for Spinal Cord Research, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000, Australia;
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000, Australia
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Aouabdi S, Nedjadi T, Alsiary R, Mouffouk F, Ansari HR. Transcriptomics Demonstrates Significant Biological Effect of Growing Stem Cells on RGD-Cotton Scaffold. Tissue Eng Part A 2024. [PMID: 38666698 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2023.0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy provides a viable alternative treatment for degenerated or damaged tissue. Stem cells have been used either alone or in conjunction with an artificial scaffold. The latter provides a structural advantage by enabling the cells to thrive in three-dimensional (3D) settings, closely resembling the natural in vivo environments. Previously, we disclosed the development of a 3D scaffold made from cotton, which was conjugated with arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid (RGD), to facilitate the growth and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). This scaffold allowed the MSCs to adhere and proliferate without compromising their viability or their stem cell markers. A comprehensive analysis investigation of the molecular changes occurring in MSCs adhering to the cotton fibers will contribute to the advancement of therapy. The objective of this study is to analyze the molecular processes occurring in the growth of MSCs on a cotton-RGD conjugated-based scaffold by examining their gene expression profiles. To achieve this, we conducted an experiment where MSCs were seeded with and without the scaffold for a duration of 48 h. Subsequently, cells were collected for RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, and whole-transcriptomic analysis performed on both populations. Our analysis revealed several upregulated and downregulated differently expressed genes in the MSCs adhering to the scaffold compared with the control cells. Through gene ontology analysis, we were able to identify enriched biological processes, molecular functions, pathways, and protein-protein interactions in these differentially expressed genes. Our data suggest that the scaffold may have the potential to enhance osteogenesis in the MSCs. Furthermore, our results indicate that the scaffold does not induce oxidative stress, inflammation, or aging in the MSCs. These findings provide valuable insights for the application of MSCs in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihem Aouabdi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taoufik Nedjadi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawiah Alsiary
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouzi Mouffouk
- Department of Chemistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Hifzur Rahman Ansari
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Ren K, Vickers R, Murillo J, Ruparel NB. Revolutionizing orofacial pain management: the promising potential of stem cell therapy. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2023; 4:1239633. [PMID: 38028430 PMCID: PMC10679438 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1239633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Orofacial pain remains a significant health issue in the United States. Pain originating from the orofacial region can be composed of a complex array of unique target tissue that contributes to the varying success of pain management. Long-term use of analgesic drugs includes adverse effects such as physical dependence, gastrointestinal bleeding, and incomplete efficacy. The use of mesenchymal stem cells for their pain relieving properties has garnered increased attention. In addition to the preclinical and clinical results showing stem cell analgesia in non-orofacial pain, studies have also shown promising results for orofacial pain treatment. Here we discuss the outcomes of mesenchymal stem cell treatment for pain and compare the properties of stem cells from different tissues of origin. We also discuss the mechanism underlying these analgesic/anti-nociceptive properties, including the role of immune cells and the endogenous opioid system. Lastly, advancements in the methods and procedures to treat patients experiencing orofacial pain with mesenchymal stem cells are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ren
- Department of Pain and Neural Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Russel Vickers
- Clinical Stem Cells Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Oral Health Center, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University Queensland, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Josue Murillo
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Nikita B. Ruparel
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Dousti Kataj P, Vousooghi N, Hadjighassem M, Farahmandfar M, Ebrahimi-Barough S. Evaluation of the effect of mesenchymal stem cells injection in the nucleus accumbens on the morphine reinstatement behavior in a conditioned place preference model in Wistar rat: Expression changes of NMDA receptor subunits and NT-3. Behav Brain Res 2023; 444:114360. [PMID: 36854364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been recently shown to improve functional recovery in animal models of CNS disorders and are currently being examined in clinical studies for sclerosis, stroke, and CNS lesions. The activation of endogenous CNS protection and repair mechanisms is unclear. MSC-based approaches are considered a new potential target for neurodegenerative disorders. This study was designed to discover the effect of MSCs injection in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) on the reinstatement of behavior in morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in male rats. The CPP was induced via intra-peritoneal (i.p.) morphine injection (5 mg/kg) for three consecutive days. After being tested for CPP induction, animals received MSCs or culture medium (DMEM F-12) in their NAc using stereotaxic surgery. Following extinction, a priming dose of morphine (2 mg/kg) was administered to induce reinstatement. Expression of GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B subunits of the NMDA receptor and the NT-3 gene in the NAc was assessed on the last day of extinction and following CPP reinstatement. The results showed that local injection of MSCs attenuated reinstatement after receiving a priming dose of morphine, and also shortened the period of CPP extinction. The mRNA expression of the NT-3 gene in the group receiving MSCs was increased compared to control animals, as was observed for GluN1 and GluN2B, but not GluN2A. It is concluded that intra-NAc injection of MSCs may facilitate morphine extinction and alleviate reinstatement behavior which may be via expression changes in NMDA receptor subunits and NT-3 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parviz Dousti Kataj
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Nasim Vousooghi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Research Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Mahmoudreza Hadjighassem
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Maryam Farahmandfar
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Somayeh Ebrahimi-Barough
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
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Tesiye MR, Gol M, Fadardi MR, Kani SNM, Costa AM, Ghasemi-Kasman M, Biagini G. Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Epilepsy and Their Interaction with Antiseizure Medications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244129. [PMID: 36552892 PMCID: PMC9777461 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a life-threatening neurological disease that affects approximately 70 million people worldwide. Although the vast majority of patients may be successfully managed with currently used antiseizure medication (ASM), the search for alternative therapies is still necessary due to pharmacoresistance in about 30% of patients with epilepsy. Here, we review the effects of ASMs on stem cell treatment when they could be, as expected, co-administered. Indeed, it has been reported that ASMs produce significant effects on the differentiation and determination of stem cell fate. In addition, we discuss more recent findings on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in pre-clinical and clinical investigations. In this regard, their ability to differentiate into various cell types, reach damaged tissues and produce and release biologically active molecules with immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties make them a high-potential therapeutic tool to address neuroinflammation in different neurological disorders, including epilepsy. Overall, the characteristics of MSCs to be genetically engineered, in order to replace dysfunctional elements with the aim of restoring normal tissue functioning, suggested that these cells could be good candidates for the treatment of epilepsy refractory to ASMs. Further research is required to understand the potential of stem cell treatment in epileptic patients and its interaction with ASMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rahimi Tesiye
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19839-69411, Iran
| | - Mohammad Gol
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- PhD School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Anna-Maria Costa
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Maryam Ghasemi-Kasman
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 47176-47745, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 47176-47745, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.G.-K.); (G.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Biagini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.G.-K.); (G.B.)
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Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Secreted Factors on Delay in Corneal Wound Healing by Nitrogen Mustard. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911510. [PMID: 36232805 PMCID: PMC9570439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular surface exposure to nitrogen mustard (NM) leads to severe ocular toxicity which includes the separation of epithelial and stromal layers, loss of endothelial cells, cell death, and severe loss of tissue function. No definitive treatment for mustard gas-induced ocular surface disorders is currently available. The research was conducted to investigate the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned media (MSC-CM) in NM-induced corneal wounds. NM was added to different types of corneal cells, the ocular surface of porcine, and the ocular surface of mice, followed by MSC-CM treatment. NM significantly induced apoptotic cell death, cellular ROS (Reactive oxygen species), and reduced cell viability, metabolic gene expression, and mitochondrial function, and, in turn, delayed wound healing. The application of MSC-CM post NM exposure partially restored mitochondrial function and decreased intracellular ROS generation which promoted cell survival. MSC-CM therapy enhanced wound healing process. MSC-CM inhibited NM-induced apoptotic cell death in murine and porcine corneal tissue. The application of MSC-CM following a chemical insult led to significant improvements in the preservation of corneal structure and wound healing. In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo results suggest that MSC-CM can potentially provide targeted therapy for the treatment of chemical eye injuries, including mustard gas keratopathy (MGK) which presents with significant loss of vision alongside numerous corneal pathologies.
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Wang Z, Zhang Y, Wang L, Ito Y, Li G, Zhang P. Nerve implants with bioactive interfaces enhance neurite outgrowth and nerve regeneration in vivo. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 218:112731. [PMID: 35917689 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nerve implants functionalized with growth factors and stem cells are critical to promote neurite outgrowth, regulate neurodifferentiation, and facilitate nerve regeneration. In this study, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and 3,4-hydroxyphenalyalanine (DOPA)-containing insulin-like growth factor 1 (DOPA-IGF-1) were simultaneously applied to enhance the bioactivity of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) substrates which will be potentially utilized as nerve implants. In vitro and in vivo evaluations indicated that hUCMSCs and DOPA-IGF-1 could synergistically regulate neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells, improve intravital recovery of motor functions, and promote conduction of nerve electrical signals in vivo. The enhanced functional and structural nerve regeneration of injured spinal cord might be mainly attributable to the synergistically enhanced biofunctionality of hUCMSCs and DOPA-IGF-1/PLGA on the bioactive interfaces. Findings from this study demonstrate the potential of hUCMSC-seeded, DOPA-IGF-1-modified PLGA implants as promising candidates for promoting axonal regeneration and motor functional recovery in spinal cord injury treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Liqiang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Peibiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China.
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Shen Z, Xiang M, Chen C, Ding F, Wang Y, Shang C, Xin L, Zhang Y, Cui X. Glutamate excitotoxicity: Potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113125. [PMID: 35609367 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity is an important mechanism leading to post ischemic stroke damage. After acute stroke, the sudden reduction in cerebral blood flow is most initially followed by ion transport protein dysfunction and disruption of ion homeostasis, which in turn leads to impaired glutamate release, reuptake, and excessive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activation, promoting neuronal death. Despite extensive evidence from preclinical studies suggesting that excessive NMDAR stimulation during ischemic stroke is a central step in post-stroke damage, NMDAR blockers have failed to translate into clinical stroke treatment. Current treatment options for stroke are very limited, and there is therefore a great need to develop new targets for neuroprotective therapeutic agents in ischemic stroke to extend the therapeutic time window. In this review, we highlight recent findings on glutamate release, reuptake mechanisms, NMDAR and its downstream cellular signaling pathways in post-ischemic stroke damage, and review the pathological changes in each link to help develop viable new therapeutic targets. We then also summarize potential neuroprotective drugs and therapeutic approaches for these new targets in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihuan Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Clinical Medical School, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mi Xiang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Fan Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Clinical Medical School, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuling Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Clinical Medical School, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chang Shang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Clinical Medical School, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Laiyun Xin
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Xiangning Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
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Fan M, Shi H, Yao H, Wang W, Zhang Y, Jiang C, Lin R. Glutamate regulates gliosis of BMSCs to promote ENS regeneration through α-KG and H3K9/H3K27 demethylation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:255. [PMID: 35715822 PMCID: PMC9205030 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02936-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a lack of effective therapies for enteric nervous system (ENS) injury. Our previous study showed that transplanted bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) play a “glia-like cells” role in initiating ENS regeneration in denervated mice. Cellular energy metabolism is an important factor in maintaining the biological characteristics of stem cells. However, how cellular energy metabolism regulates the fate of BMSCs in the ENS-injured microenvironment is unclear. Methods The biological characteristics, energy metabolism, and histone methylation levels of BMSCs following ENS injury were determined. Then, glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (Glud1) which catalyzes the oxidative deamination of glutamate to α-KG was overexpressed (OE) in BMSCs. Further, OE-Glud1 BMSCs were targeted–transplanted into the ENS injury site of denervated mice to determine their effects on ENS regeneration. Results In vitro, in the ENS-injured high-glutamate microenvironment, the ratio of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) to succinate (P < 0.05), the histone demethylation level (P < 0.05), the protein expression of glial cell markers (P < 0.05), and the gene expression of Glud1 (P < 0.05) were significantly increased. And the binding of H3K9me3 to the GFAP, S100B, and GDNF promoter was enhanced (P < 0.05). Moreover, α-KG treatment increased the monomethylation and decreased the trimethylation on H3K9 (P < 0.01) and H3K27 (P < 0.05) in BMSCs and significantly upregulated the protein expression of glial cell markers (P < 0.01), which was reversed by the α-KG competitive inhibitor D-2-hydroxyglutarate (P < 0.05). Besides, overexpression of Glud1 in BMSCs exhibited increases in monomethylation and decreases in trimethylation on H3K9 (P < 0.05) and H3K27 (P < 0.05), and upregulated protein expression of glial cell markers (P < 0.01). In vivo, BMSCs overexpressing Glud1 had a strong promotion effect on ENS regeneration in denervated mice through H3K9/H3K27 demethylation (P < 0.05), and upregulating the expression of glial cell protein (P < 0.05). Conclusions BMSCs overexpressing Glud1 promote the expression of glial cell markers and ENS remodeling in denervated mice through regulating intracellular α-KG and H3K9/H3K27 demethylation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02936-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Huiying Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hailing Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Weijun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yurui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Rong Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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11
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Lin TJ, Cheng KC, Wu LY, Lai WY, Ling TY, Kuo YC, Huang YH. Potential of Cellular Therapy for ALS: Current Strategies and Future Prospects. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:851613. [PMID: 35372346 PMCID: PMC8966507 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.851613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive upper and lower motor neuron (MN) degeneration with unclear pathology. The worldwide prevalence of ALS is approximately 4.42 per 100,000 populations, and death occurs within 3-5 years after diagnosis. However, no effective therapeutic modality for ALS is currently available. In recent years, cellular therapy has shown considerable therapeutic potential because it exerts immunomodulatory effects and protects the MN circuit. However, the safety and efficacy of cellular therapy in ALS are still under debate. In this review, we summarize the current progress in cellular therapy for ALS. The underlying mechanism, current clinical trials, and the pros and cons of cellular therapy using different types of cell are discussed. In addition, clinical studies of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in ALS are highlighted. The summarized findings of this review can facilitate the future clinical application of precision medicine using cellular therapy in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Jung Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Chao Cheng
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Luo-Yun Wu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thai-Yen Ling
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Che Kuo
- TMU Research Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center of Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- PhD Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Human Spinal Cord Injury: The Effect on Individual Values of pNF-H, GFAP, S100 Proteins and Selected Growth Factors, Cytokines and Chemokines. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:578-596. [PMID: 35723326 PMCID: PMC8929137 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, there is no effective way to treat the consequences of spinal cord injury (SCI). SCI leads to the death of neural and glial cells and widespread neuroinflammation with persisting for several weeks after the injury. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy is one of the most promising approaches in the treatment of this injury. The aim of this study was to characterize the expression profile of multiple cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and so-called neuromarkers in the serum of an SCI patient treated with autologous bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs). SCI resulted in a significant increase in the levels of neuromarkers and proteins involved in the inflammatory process. BM-MSCs administration resulted in significant changes in the levels of neuromarkers (S100, GFAP, and pNF-H) as well as changes in the expression of proteins and growth factors involved in the inflammatory response following SCI in the serum of a patient with traumatic SCI. Our preliminary results encouraged that BM-MSCs with their neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects could affect the repair process after injury.
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13
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A Brief Review on Erythropoietin and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapies for Paediatric Neurological Disorders. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-021-00189-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Salari V, Mengoni F, Del Gallo F, Bertini G, Fabene PF. The Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Epilepsy: Possible Treatments and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249683. [PMID: 33353235 PMCID: PMC7765947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult cells with self-renewing capacities. MSCs display specific properties, such as the ability to repair damaged tissues, resulting in optimal candidates for cell therapy against degenerative diseases. In addition to the reparative functions of MSCs, growing evidence shows that these cells have potent immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, MSCs are potential tools for treating inflammation-related neurological diseases, including epilepsy. In this regard, over the last decades, epilepsy has no longer been considered a purely neuronal pathology, since inflammatory events underlying the genesis of epilepsy have been demonstrated. This review assessed current knowledge on the use of MSCs in the treatment of epilepsy. Mostly, attention will be focused on the anti-inflammatory and immunological skills of MSCs. Understanding the mechanisms by which MSCs might modulate the severity of the disease will contribute to the development of new potential alternatives for both prophylaxis and treatment against epilepsy.
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15
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Badyra B, Sułkowski M, Milczarek O, Majka M. Mesenchymal stem cells as a multimodal treatment for nervous system diseases. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1174-1189. [PMID: 32573961 PMCID: PMC7519763 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are a massive challenge for modern medicine. Apart from the fact that this group of diseases is the second leading cause of death worldwide, the majority of patients have no access to any possible effective and standardized treatment after being diagnosed, leaving them and their families helpless. This is the reason why such great emphasis is being placed on the development of new, more effective methods to treat neurological patients. Regenerative medicine opens new therapeutic approaches in neurology, including the use of cell-based therapies. In this review, we focus on summarizing one of the cell sources that can be applied as a multimodal treatment tool to overcome the complex issue of neurodegeneration-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Apart from the highly proven safety of this approach, beneficial effects connected to this type of treatment have been observed. This review presents modes of action of MSCs, explained on the basis of data from vast in vitro and preclinical studies, and we summarize the effects of using these cells in clinical trial settings. Finally, we stress what improvements have already been made to clarify the exact mechanism of MSCs action, and we discuss potential ways to improve the introduction of MSC-based therapies in clinics. In summary, we propose that more insightful and methodical optimization, by combining careful preparation and administration, can enable use of multimodal MSCs as an effective, tailored cell therapy suited to specific neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogna Badyra
- Department of TransplantationJagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracowPoland
| | - Maciej Sułkowski
- Department of TransplantationJagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracowPoland
| | - Olga Milczarek
- Department of Children NeurosurgeryJagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracowPoland
| | - Marcin Majka
- Department of TransplantationJagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracowPoland
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16
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García-Bonilla M, Ojeda-Pérez B, García-Martín ML, Muñoz-Hernández MC, Vitorica J, Jiménez S, Cifuentes M, Santos-Ruíz L, Shumilov K, Claros S, Gutiérrez A, Páez-González P, Jiménez AJ. Neocortical tissue recovery in severe congenital obstructive hydrocephalus after intraventricular administration of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:121. [PMID: 32183876 PMCID: PMC7079418 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01626-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In obstructive congenital hydrocephalus, cerebrospinal fluid accumulation is associated with high intracranial pressure and the presence of periventricular edema, ischemia/hypoxia, damage of the white matter, and glial reactions in the neocortex. The viability and short time effects of a therapy based on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) have been evaluated in such pathological conditions in the hyh mouse model. Methods BM-MSC obtained from mice expressing fluorescent mRFP1 protein were injected into the lateral ventricle of hydrocephalic hyh mice at the moment they present a very severe form of the disease. The effect of transplantation in the neocortex was compared with hydrocephalic hyh mice injected with the vehicle and non-hydrocephalic littermates. Neural cell populations and the possibility of transdifferentiation were analyzed. The possibility of a tissue recovering was investigated using 1H High-Resolution Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H HR-MAS NMR) spectroscopy, thus allowing the detection of metabolites/osmolytes related with hydrocephalus severity and outcome in the neocortex. An in vitro assay to simulate the periventricular astrocyte reaction conditions was performed using BM-MSC under high TNFα level condition. The secretome in the culture medium was analyzed in this assay. Results Four days after transplantation, BM-MSC were found undifferentiated and scattered into the astrocyte reaction present in the damaged neocortex white matter. Tissue rejection to the integrated BM-MSC was not detected 4 days after transplantation. Hyh mice transplanted with BM-MSC showed a reduction in the apoptosis in the periventricular neocortex walls, suggesting a neuroprotector effect of the BM-MSC in these conditions. A decrease in the levels of metabolites/osmolytes in the neocortex, such as taurine and neuroexcytotoxic glutamate, also indicated a tissue recovering. Under high TNFα level condition in vitro, BM-MSC showed an upregulation of cytokine and protein secretion that may explain homing, immunomodulation, and vascular permeability, and therefore the tissue recovering. Conclusions BM-MSC treatment in severe congenital hydrocephalus is viable and leads to the recovery of the severe neurodegenerative conditions in the neocortex. NMR spectroscopy allows to follow-up the effects of stem cell therapy in hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- María García-Bonilla
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Malaga, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
| | - Betsaida Ojeda-Pérez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Malaga, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
| | - María L García-Martín
- BIONAND, Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine & Biotechnology (Junta de Andalucía-Universidad de Málaga), Malaga, Spain
| | - M Carmen Muñoz-Hernández
- BIONAND, Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine & Biotechnology (Junta de Andalucía-Universidad de Málaga), Malaga, Spain
| | - Javier Vitorica
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sebastián Jiménez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Cifuentes
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Malaga, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
| | - Leonor Santos-Ruíz
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Malaga, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
| | - Kirill Shumilov
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Malaga, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
| | - Silvia Claros
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Malaga, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
| | - Antonia Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Malaga, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Páez-González
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Malaga, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain.
| | - Antonio J Jiménez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Malaga, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain.
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17
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Intrathecal Infusion of Autologous Adipose-Derived Regenerative Cells in Autoimmune Refractory Epilepsy: Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:7104243. [PMID: 32190059 PMCID: PMC7066423 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7104243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective/Purpose. Evaluation of efficacy and safety of autologous adipose-derived regenerative cells (ADRCs) treatment in autoimmune refractory epilepsy. Patients. Six patients with proven or probable autoimmune refractory epilepsy (2 with Rasmussen encephalitis, 2 with antineuronal autoantibodies in serum, and 2 with possible FIRES) were included in the project with approval of the Bioethics Committee.
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18
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Tierney WM, Uhlendorf TL, Lemus AJ, Ortega BA, Magaña J, Ochoa J, Van Trigt W, Cruz A, Kopyov A, Kopyov OV, Cohen RW. Transplanted Human Neural Progenitor Cells Attenuate Motor Dysfunction and Lengthen Longevity in a Rat Model of Ataxia. Cell Transplant 2020; 29:963689720920275. [PMID: 32314612 PMCID: PMC7444227 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720920275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The spastic Han Wistar (sHW) rat serves as a model for human ataxia presenting symptoms of motor deterioration, weight loss, shortened lifespan, and Purkinje neuron loss. Past studies revealed that human neural progenitor cells (NPCs) improved ataxic symptoms at 20 d posttransplantation in sHW rats. In this study, we investigated the fate and longer-term effectiveness of these transplanted NPCs. Rats were placed into four treatment groups: an untreated normal control group (n = 10), an untreated mutant rat control (n = 10), a mutant group that received an injection of dead NPCs (n = 9), and a mutant group that received live NPCs (n = 10). Bilateral cerebellar injections containing 500,000 of either live or dead NPCs were performed on mutant sHW rats at 40 d of age. Motor activity for all mutant rats started to decline in open field testing around day 35. However, at day 45, the live NPC-treated mutants exhibited significant improvements in open field activity. Similar improvements were observed during rotarod testing and weight gain through the completion of the experiments (100 d). Immunohistochemistry revealed few surviving human NPCs in the cerebella of 80- and 100-d-old NPC-treated mutants; while cresyl violet staining revealed that live NPC-treated mutants had significantly more surviving Purkinje neurons compared to mutants that were untreated or received dead NPCs. Direct stereotactic implantation of NPCs alleviated the symptoms of ataxia, acting as a neuroprotectant, supporting future clinical applications of these NPCs in the areas of ataxia as well as other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley M. Tierney
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Toni L. Uhlendorf
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Aaron J.J. Lemus
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Bianca A. Ortega
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Jesse Magaña
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Randy W. Cohen
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
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19
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Chen YT, Tsai MJ, Hsieh N, Lo MJ, Lee MJ, Cheng H, Huang WC. The superiority of conditioned medium derived from rapidly expanded mesenchymal stem cells for neural repair. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:390. [PMID: 31842998 PMCID: PMC6916259 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex and severe neurological condition. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secreted factors show promising potential for regenerative medicine. Many studies have investigated MSC expansion efficacy of all kinds of culture medium formulations, such as growth factor-supplemented or xeno-free medium. However, very few studies have focused on the potential of human MSC (hMSC) culture medium formulations for injured spinal cord repair. In this study, we investigated the effect of hMSC-conditioned medium supplemented with bFGF, EGF, and patient plasma, namely, neural regeneration laboratory medium (NRLM), on SCI in vitro and in vivo. Methods Commercial and patient bone marrow hMSCs were obtained for cultivation in standard medium and NRLM separately. Several characteristics, including CD marker expression, differentiation, and growth curves, were compared between MSCs cultured in standard medium and NRLM. Additionally, we investigated the effect of the conditioned medium (referred to as NRLM-CM) on neural repair, including inflammation inhibition, neurite regeneration, and spinal cord injury (SCI), and used a coculture system to detect the neural repair function of NRLM-MSCs. Results Compared to standard culture medium, NRLM-CM had superior in inflammation reduction and neurite regeneration effects in vitro and improved functional restoration in SCI rats in vivo. In comparison with standard culture medium MSCs, NRLM-MSCs proliferated faster regardless of the age of the donor. NRLM-MSCs also showed increased adipose differentiative potential and reduced CD90 expression. Both types of hMSC CM effectively enhanced injured neurite outgrowth and protected against H2O2 toxicity in spinal cord neuron cultures. Cytokine arrays performed in hMSC-CM further revealed the presence of at least 120 proteins. Among these proteins, 6 demonstrated significantly increased expression in NRLM-CM: adiponectin (Acrp30), angiogenin (ANG), HGF, NAP-2, uPAR, and IGFBP2. Conclusions The NRLM culture system provides rapid expansion effects and functional hMSCs. The superiority of the derived conditioned medium on neural repair shows potential for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Tzu Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.,Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - May-Jywan Tsai
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Nini Hsieh
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jei Lo
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Jen Lee
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Henrich Cheng
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.,Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Cheng Huang
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan. .,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Division of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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20
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Massoto TB, Santos ACR, Ramalho BS, Almeida FM, Martinez AMB, Marques SA. Mesenchymal stem cells and treadmill training enhance function and promote tissue preservation after spinal cord injury. Brain Res 2019; 1726:146494. [PMID: 31586628 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is considered a serious neurological disorder that can lead to severe sensory, motor and autonomic deficits. In this work, we investigated whether cell therapy associated with physical activity after mouse SCI could promote morphological and functional outcomes, using a lesion model established by our group. Mesenchymal stem cells (8 × 105 cells/2 µL) or DMEM (2 µL), were injected in the epicenter of the lesion at 7 days after SCI, and the mice started a moderate treadmill training 14 days after injury. Functional assessments were performed weekly up to 8 weeks after injury when the morphological analyses were also performed. Four injured groups were analyzed: DMEM (SCI plus DMEM injection), MSCT (SCI plus MSC injection), DMEM + TMT (SCI plus DMEM injection and treadmill training) and MSCT + TMT (SCI plus MSC injection and treadmill training). The animals that received the combined therapy (MSCT + TMT) were able to recover and maintained the better functional results throughout the analyzed period. The morphometric analysis from MSCT + TMT group evidenced a larger spared white matter area and a higher number of preserved myelinated fibers with the majority of them reaching the ideal G-ratio values, when compared to other groups. Ultrastructural analysis from this group, using transmission electron microscopy, showed better tissue preservation with few microcavitations and degenerating nerve fibers. Also, this group exhibited a significantly higher neurotrophin 4 (NT4) expression as compared to the other groups. The results provided by this study support the conclusion that the association of strategies is a potential therapeutic approach to treat SCI, with the possibility of translation into the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamires Braga Massoto
- Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Function - Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anne Caroline Rodrigues Santos
- Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Function - Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Repair, Clementino Fraga Filho Hospital, Medical School, Departament of Pathology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pathological Anatomy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruna S Ramalho
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Repair, Clementino Fraga Filho Hospital, Medical School, Departament of Pathology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pathological Anatomy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Martins Almeida
- Graduate Program in Pathological Anatomy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Blanco Martinez
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Repair, Clementino Fraga Filho Hospital, Medical School, Departament of Pathology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pathological Anatomy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Suelen Adriani Marques
- Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Function - Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pathological Anatomy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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21
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Mitochondrial Neuroglobin Is Necessary for Protection Induced by Conditioned Medium from Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Astrocytic Cells Subjected to Scratch and Metabolic Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:5167-5187. [PMID: 30536184 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are specialized cells capable of regulating inflammatory responses in neurodegenerative diseases or traumatic brain injury. In addition to playing an important role in neuroinflammation, these cells regulate essential functions for the preservation of brain tissue. Therefore, the search for therapeutic alternatives to preserve these cells and maintain their functions contributes in some way to counteract the progress of the injury and maintain neuronal survival in various brain pathologies. Among these strategies, the conditioned medium from human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (CM-hMSCA) has been reported with a potential beneficial effect against several neuropathologies. In this study, we evaluated the potential effect of CM-hMSCA in a model of human astrocytes (T98G cells) subjected to scratch injury. Our findings demonstrated that CM-hMSCA regulates the cytokines IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, GM-CSF, and TNF-α, downregulates calcium at the cytoplasmic level, and regulates mitochondrial dynamics and the respiratory chain. These actions are accompanied by modulation of the expression of different proteins involved in signaling pathways such as AKT/pAKT and ERK1/2/pERK, and may mediate the localization of neuroglobin (Ngb) at the cellular level. We also confirmed that Ngb mediated the protective effects of CM-hMSCA through regulation of proteins involved in survival pathways and oxidative stress. In conclusion, regulation of brain inflammation combined with the recovery of fundamental cellular aspects in the face of injury makes CM-hMSCA a promising candidate for the protection of astrocytes in brain pathologies.
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22
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Rafaiee R, Ahmadiankia N. Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Addiction Related Hippocampal Damages. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2018; 7:69-79. [PMID: 30276162 PMCID: PMC6148505 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.7.2.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The brain is an important organ that controls all sensory and motor actions, memory, and emotions. Each anatomical and physiological modulation in various brain centers, results in psychological, behavioral, and sensory-motor changes. Alcohol and addictive drugs such as opioids and amphetamines have been shown to exert a great impact on brain, specifically on the hippocampus. Emerging evidence has indicated that altered hippocampal neurogenesis is associated with the pathophysiology of neuropsychological disorders including addiction. The addictive drugs impair neurogenesis and undermine the function of neural stem/progenitor cells in hippocampus. This feature was claimed to be one of the underlying mechanisms of behavioral changes in patients with addiction. As the impairment of stem cells’ function has been proven to be the underlying cause of pathologic neuroadaptations in the brain, the administration of stem cell populations has shown promising results for re-modulating of neuronal status in the brain and especially in the hippocampus. Among the different types of stem cells, bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells are the most proper candidates for stem cell therapies. In this review article, the recent studies on the effects of addictive drugs on brain neurogenesis, and also the promising potential effects of stem cells in curing addiction related hippocampal damages are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Rafaiee
- Addiction Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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Oshigiri T, Sasaki T, Sasaki M, Kataoka-Sasaki Y, Nakazaki M, Oka S, Morita T, Hirota R, Yoshimoto M, Yamashita T, Hashimoto-Torii K, Honmou O. Intravenous Infusion of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alters Motor Cortex Gene Expression in a Rat Model of Acute Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2018; 36:411-420. [PMID: 29901416 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.5793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has demonstrated that remote responses in the brain, as well as local responses in the injured spinal cord, can be induced after spinal cord injury (SCI). Intravenous infusion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been shown to provide functional improvements in SCI through local therapeutic mechanisms that provide neuroprotection, stabilization of the blood-spinal cord barrier, remyelination, and axonal sprouting. In the present study, we examined the brain response that might be associated with the functional improvements induced by the infused MSCs after SCI. Genome-wide RNA profiling was performed in the motor cortex of SCI rats at 3 days post-MSC or vehicle infusion. Then, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) data revealed that the "behaviorally-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs)" were identified by the Pearson's correlation analysis with the behavioral function, suggesting that the "behaviorally-associated DEGs" may be related to the functional recovery after systemic infusion of MSCs in SCI. These results suggested that the infused MSCs alter the gene expression signature in the brain and that these expression changes may contribute to the improved function in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Oshigiri
- 1 Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toru Sasaki
- 3 Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Masanori Sasaki
- 1 Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kataoka-Sasaki
- 1 Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahito Nakazaki
- 1 Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Oka
- 1 Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Morita
- 1 Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Hirota
- 1 Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Yoshimoto
- 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yamashita
- 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazue Hashimoto-Torii
- 3 Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC.,4 Department of Pediatrics, Pharmacology, and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC.,5 Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Osamu Honmou
- 1 Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Nabavi SM, Arab L, Jarooghi N, Bolurieh T, Abbasi F, Mardpour S, Azimyian V, Moeininia F, Maroufizadeh S, Sanjari L, Hosseini SE, Aghdami N. Safety, Feasibility of Intravenous and Intrathecal Injection of Autologous Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: An Open Label Phase I Clinical Trial. CELL JOURNAL 2018; 20:592-598. [PMID: 30124008 PMCID: PMC6099146 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2019.5370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most severe disorder within the spectrum of motor neuron diseases
(MND) that has no effective treatment and a progressively fatal outcome. We have conducted two clinical trials to assess the
safety and feasibility of intravenous (IV) and intrathecal (IT) injections of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells
(BM-MSCs) in patients with ALS.
Materials and Methods This is an interventional/experimental study. We enrolled 14 patients that met the following inclusion
criteria: definitive diagnosis of sporadic ALS, ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALS-FRS) ≥24, and ≥40% predicted forced vital
capacity (FVC). All patients underwent bone marrow (BM) aspiration to obtain an adequate sample for cell isolation and
culture. Patients in group 1 (n=6) received an IV and patients in group 2 (n=8) received an IT injection of the cell suspension. All
patients in both groups were followed at 24 hours and 2, 4, 6, and 12 months after the injection with ALS-FRS, FVC, laboratory
tests, check list of side effects and brain/spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In each group, one patient was lost to
follow up one month after cell injection and one patient from IV group died due to severe respiratory insufficiency and infection.
Results During the follow up there were no reports of adverse events in terms of clinical and laboratory assessments.
In MRI, there was not any new abnormal finding. The ALS-FRS score and FVC percentage significantly reduced in all
patients from both groups.
Conclusion This study has shown that IV and IT transplantation of BM-derived stromal cells is safe and feasible (Registration
numbers: NCT01759797 and NCT01771640).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Massood Nabavi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Arab
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Jarooghi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tina Bolurieh
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abbasi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soura Mardpour
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vajihe Azimyian
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moeininia
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Maroufizadeh
- Department of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Medicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Sanjari
- Intensive Care Unit, Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Esmat Hosseini
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Aghdami
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.Electronic Address:
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell Protection of Neurons against Glutamate Excitotoxicity Involves Reduction of NMDA-Triggered Calcium Responses and Surface GluR1, and Is Partly Mediated by TNF. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030651. [PMID: 29495345 PMCID: PMC5877512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) provide therapeutic effects in experimental CNS disease models and show promise as cell-based therapies for humans, but their modes of action are not well understood. We previously show that MSC protect rodent neurons against glutamate excitotoxicity in vitro, and in vivo in an epilepsy model. Neuroprotection is associated with reduced NMDA glutamate receptor (NMDAR) subunit expression and neuronal glutamate-induced calcium (Ca2+) responses, and increased expression of stem cell-associated genes. Here, to investigate whether MSC-secreted factors modulate neuronal AMPA glutamate receptors (AMPAR) and gene expression, we performed longitudinal studies of enriched mouse cortical neurons treated with MSC conditioned medium (CM). MSC CM did not alter total levels of GluR1 AMPAR subunit in neurons, but its distribution, reducing cell surface levels compared to non-treated neurons. Proportions of NeuN-positive neurons, and of GFAP- and NG2-positive glia, were equal in untreated and MSC CM-treated cultures over time suggesting that neurons, rather than differentially-expanded glia, account for the immature gene profile previously reported in MSC CM-treated cultures. Lastly, MSC CM contained measurable amounts of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) bioactivity and pre-treatment of MSC CM with the TNF inhibitor etanercept reduced its ability to protect neurons. Together these results indicate that MSC-mediated neuroprotection against glutamate excitotoxicity involves reduced NMDAR and GluR1-containing AMPAR function, and TNF-mediated neuroprotection.
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Fukumura S, Sasaki M, Kataoka-Sasaki Y, Oka S, Nakazaki M, Nagahama H, Morita T, Sakai T, Tsutsumi H, Kocsis JD, Honmou O. Intravenous infusion of mesenchymal stem cells reduces epileptogenesis in a rat model of status epilepticus. Epilepsy Res 2018; 141:56-63. [PMID: 29475054 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Status epilepticus (SE) causes neuronal cell death, aberrant mossy fiber sprouting (MFS), and cognitive deteriorations. The present study tested the hypothesis that systemically infused mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reduce epileptogenesis by inhibiting neuronal cell death and suppressing aberrant MFS, leading to cognitive function preservation in a rat model of epilepsy. METHODS SE was induced using the lithium-pilocarpine injection model. The seizure frequency was scored using a video-monitoring system and the Morris water maze test was carried out to evaluate cognitive function. Comparisons were made between MSCs- and vehicle-infused rats. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect Green fluorescent protein (GFP)+ MSCs and to quantify the number of GAD67+ and NeuN+ neurons in the hippocampus. Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) and Timm staining were also performed to assess the MFS. RESULTS MSC infusion inhibited epileptogenesis and preserved cognitive function after SE. The infused GFP+ MSCs were accumulated in the hippocampus and were associated with the preservation of GAD67+ and NeuN+ hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, the MSC infusion suppressed the aberrant MFS in the hippocampus as evidenced by MEMRI and Timm staining. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the intravenous infusion of MSCs mitigated epileptogenesis, thus advancing MSCs as an effective approach for epilepsy in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinobu Fukumura
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan; Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Masanori Sasaki
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan; Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
| | - Yuko Kataoka-Sasaki
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Shinichi Oka
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Masahito Nakazaki
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagahama
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Tomonori Morita
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Takuro Sakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan; Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsutsumi
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Jeffery D Kocsis
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Osamu Honmou
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan; Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
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27
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Szekiova E, Slovinska L, Blasko J, Plsikova J, Cizkova D. The neuroprotective effect of rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium on cortical neurons using an in vitro model of SCI inflammation. Neurol Res 2018; 40:258-267. [PMID: 29384015 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2018.1432266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives In this study, a new approach was used with an in vitro model in which neural cells were exposed to conditioned media from the injured spinal cord (SCI-CM) mimicking a local inflammatory microenvironment . Subsequently, the neuroprotective effect of rat adipose tissue-derived msesenchymal stem cell-conditioned media (ATMSC-CM) was investigated through a cell-free based therapy, which was used to treat cortical neurons and astrocytes under inflammation. Methods Primary cell cultures isolated from postnatal day (P6) Wistar rat brain cortex were exposed to SCI-CM derived from the central lesion, rostral and caudal segments of injured spinal cord. After 48 h incubation, the SCI-CM was replaced and primary cultures were cultivated either in DMEM media alone or in ATMSC-CM for 72 h. The impact of ATMSC-CM on the viability of neurons and astrocytes was assessed using a CyQUANT® Direct Cell Proliferation Assay Kit as well as immunocytochemistry analysis. Results Immunocytochemical analysis revealed significant decrease in the number of MAP2 positive neurons exposed to SCI-CM compared to Control. Protection by ATMSC-CM was associated with increased survival of neurons compared to primary culture cultivated in DMEM media alone. The ATMSC-CM effect on astrocytes was more variable and without any significant impact. Conclusion The results demonstrate that SCI-CM mimicking inflammation can reduce cortical neuron survival, and subsequent exposure to ATMSC-CM can stabilize the neuronal population most likely via released neuroprotective and trophic factors. In addition, astrogliosis was not affected by ATMSC-CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Szekiova
- a Institute of Neurobiology , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Kosice , Slovakia
| | - Lucia Slovinska
- a Institute of Neurobiology , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Kosice , Slovakia
| | - Juraj Blasko
- a Institute of Neurobiology , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Kosice , Slovakia
| | - Jana Plsikova
- b Associated Tissue Bank, Faculty of Medicine , P. J. Safarik Univerzity and L. Pasteur University Hospital , Kosice , Slovakia
| | - Dasa Cizkova
- c Institute of Neuroimmunology , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovakia.,d Department of Ananatomy, Histology and Physiology , University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice , Košice , Slovakia
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de Moura TC, Afadlal S, Hazell AS. Potential for stem cell treatment in manganism. Neurochem Int 2018; 112:134-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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29
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Gnecchi M, Danieli P, Malpasso G, Ciuffreda MC. Paracrine Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Tissue Repair. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1416:123-46. [PMID: 27236669 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3584-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration from transplanted mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) either through transdifferentiation or cell fusion was originally proposed as the principal mechanism underlying their therapeutic action. However, several studies have now shown that both these mechanisms are very inefficient. The low MSC engraftment rate documented in injured areas also refutes the hypothesis that MSC repair tissue damage by replacing cell loss with newly differentiated cells. Indeed, despite evidence of preferential homing of MSC to the site of myocardial ischemia, exogenously administered MSC show poor survival and do not persist in the infarcted area. Therefore, it has been proposed that the functional benefits observed after MSC transplantation in experimental models of tissue injury might be related to the secretion of soluble factors acting in a paracrine fashion. This hypothesis is supported by pre-clinical studies demonstrating equal or even improved organ function upon infusion of MSC-derived conditioned medium (MSC-CM) compared with MSC transplantation. Identifying key MSC-secreted factors and their functional role seems a reasonable approach for a rational design of nextgeneration MSC-based therapeutics. Here, we summarize the major findings regarding both different MSC-mediated paracrine actions and the identification of paracrine mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Gnecchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Cardiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. .,Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Sciences - Coronary Care Unit and Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy. .,Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology for Cell and Molecular Therapy, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy. .,Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Patrizia Danieli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Cardiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Sciences - Coronary Care Unit and Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology for Cell and Molecular Therapy, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Malpasso
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Cardiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Sciences - Coronary Care Unit and Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology for Cell and Molecular Therapy, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Ciuffreda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Cardiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Sciences - Coronary Care Unit and Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology for Cell and Molecular Therapy, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Milczarek O, Jarocha D, Starowicz-Filip A, Kwiatkowski S, Badyra B, Majka M. Multiple Autologous Bone Marrow-Derived CD271 + Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation Overcomes Drug-Resistant Epilepsy in Children. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 7:20-33. [PMID: 29224250 PMCID: PMC5746144 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need among patients suffering from drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE) for more efficient and less toxic treatments. The objective of the present study was to assess the safety, feasibility, and potential efficacy of autologous bone marrow cell transplantation in pediatric patients with DRE. Two females and two males (11 months to 6 years) were enrolled and underwent a combined therapy consisting of autologous bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNCs) transplantation (intrathecal: 0.5 × 109; intravenous: 0.38 × 109–1.72 × 109) followed by four rounds of intrathecal bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) transplantation (18.5 × 106–40 × 106) every 3 months. The BMMSCs used were a unique population derived from CD271‐positive cells. The neurological evaluation included magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography (EEG), and cognitive development assessment. The characteristics of BMMSCs were evaluated. Four intravenous and 20 intrathecal transplantations into the cerebrospinal fluid were performed. There were no adverse events, and the therapy was safe and feasible over 2 years of follow‐up. The therapy resulted in neurological and cognitive improvement in all patients, including a reduction in the number of epileptic seizures (from 10 per day to 1 per week) and an absence of status epilepticus episodes (from 4 per week to 0 per week). The number of discharges on the EEG evaluation was decreased, and cognitive improvement was noted with respect to reactions to light and sound, emotions, and motor function. An analysis of the BMMSCs' characteristics revealed the expression of neurotrophic, proangiogenic, and tissue remodeling factors, and the immunomodulatory potential. Our results demonstrate the safety and feasibility of BMNCs and BMMSCs transplantations and the considerable neurological and cognitive improvement in children with DRE. stemcellstranslationalmedicine2018;7:20–33
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Milczarek
- Departments of Children Surgery, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Cracow, Poland
| | - Danuta Jarocha
- Transplantation, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Starowicz-Filip
- Department of Medical Psychology, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Cracow, Poland
| | - Stanislaw Kwiatkowski
- Departments of Children Surgery, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Cracow, Poland
| | - Bogna Badyra
- Transplantation, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marcin Majka
- Transplantation, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Cracow, Poland
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Venugopal C, Prasad YSHC, Shobha K, Pinnelli VB, Dhanushkodi A. HEK-293 secretome attenuates kainic acid neurotoxicity through insulin like growth factor-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases pathway and by temporal regulation of antioxidant defense machineries. Neurotoxicology 2017; 69:189-200. [PMID: 29208536 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A major impediment in the success of cell therapy for neurodegenerative diseases is the poor survival of grafted cells in the in vivo milieu, predominantly due to accumulated reactive oxygen species, thus prompting the search for suitable alternatives. Accumulating evidence suggests that the therapeutic potential of transplanted cells is partially attributed to the secretome released by them into the extracellular milieu. Studies that investigated the neuroprotective potential of the secretome attributes to the mere presence of growth factors without addressing other underlying cellular/molecular changes that occur upon post-secretome intervention like re-establishing the host cell's free radical scavenging machineries. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cell line derived secretome (HEK-S) in an in vitro model of kainic acid (KA) induced neurodegeneration and explored the possible neuroprotective mechanism(s) of HEK-S. Murine hippocampal cells were exposed to toxic doses of KA (200μM) for 6hours (H) or 24H to induce excitotoxicity. Kainic acid exposed hippocampal cells were then treated with HEK-S either simultaneously or 6h post-KA exposure. Our results revealed that HEK-S confers significant neuroprotection in early/later stages of neurodegeneration through insulin like growth factor (IGF) - phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases (PI3K) pathway, efficiently restoring the host's free radical scavenging mechanisms at molecular-cellular-biochemical levels and also by modulating kainate receptor subunit expressions in host neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitra Venugopal
- School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Y S Harish Chandra Prasad
- School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - K Shobha
- School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | | | - Anandh Dhanushkodi
- School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560065, India.
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Hlebokazov F, Dakukina T, Ihnatsenko S, Kosmacheva S, Potapnev M, Shakhbazau A, Goncharova N, Makhrov M, Korolevich P, Misyuk N, Dakukina V, Shamruk I, Slobina E, Marchuk S. Treatment of refractory epilepsy patients with autologous mesenchymal stem cells reduces seizure frequency: An open label study. Adv Med Sci 2017; 62:273-279. [PMID: 28500900 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Existing anti-epileptic drugs (AED) have limited efficiency in many patients, necessitating the search for alternative approaches such as stem cell therapy. We report the use of autologous patient-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) as a therapeutic agent in symptomatic drug-resistant epilepsy in a Phase I open label clinical trial (registered as NCT02497443). PATIENTS AND METHODS The patients received either standard treatment with AED (control group), or AED supplemented with single intravenous administration of undifferentiated autologous MSC (target dose of 1×106cells/kg), followed by a single intrathecal injection of neurally induced autologous MSC (target dose of 0.1×106cells/kg). RESULTS MSC injections were well tolerated and did not cause any severe adverse effects. Seizure frequency was designated as the main outcome and evaluated at 1 year time point. 3 out of 10 patients in MSC therapy group achieved remission (no seizures for one year and more), and 5 additional patients became responders to AEDs, while only 2 out of 12 patients became responders in control group (difference significant, P=0.0135). CONCLUSIONS MSC possess unique immunomodulatory properties and are a safe and promising candidate for cell therapy in AED resistant epilepsy patients.
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Mentis AFA, Dardiotis E, Grigoriadis N, Petinaki E, Hadjigeorgiou GM. Viruses and Multiple Sclerosis: From Mechanisms and Pathways to Translational Research Opportunities. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 54:3911-3923. [PMID: 28455696 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are directly or indirectly implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we review the evidence on the virus-related pathophysiology of MS, introduce common experimental models, and explore the ways in which viruses cause demyelination. By emphasizing knowledge gaps, we highlight future research directions for effective MS diagnostics and therapies: (i) identifying biomarkers for at-risk individuals, (ii) searching for direct evidence of specific causative viruses, (iii) establishing the contribution of host genetic factors and viruses, and (iv) investigating the contribution of immune regulation at extra-CNS sites. Research in these areas is likely to be facilitated by the application of high-throughput technologies, the development of systems-based bioinformatic approaches, careful selection of experimental models, and the acquisition of high-quality clinical material for tissue-based research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexios-Fotios A Mentis
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece. .,The Johns Hopkins University, AAP, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- B' Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efthimia Petinaki
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Georgios M Hadjigeorgiou
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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Rao G, Mashkouri S, Aum D, Marcet P, Borlongan CV. Contemplating stem cell therapy for epilepsy-induced neuropsychiatric symptoms. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017; 13:585-596. [PMID: 28260906 PMCID: PMC5328607 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s114786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a debilitating disease that impacts millions of people worldwide. While unprovoked seizures characterize its cardinal symptom, an important aspect of epilepsy that remains to be addressed is the neuropsychiatric component. It has been documented for millennia in paintings and literature that those with epilepsy can suffer from bouts of aggression, depression, and other psychiatric ailments. Current treatments for epilepsy include the use of antiepileptic drugs and surgical resection. Antiepileptic drugs reduce the overall firing of the brain to mitigate the rate of seizure occurrence. Surgery aims to remove a portion of the brain that is suspected to be the source of aberrant firing that leads to seizures. Both options treat the seizure-generating neurological aspect of epilepsy, but fail to directly address the neuropsychiatric components. A promising new treatment for epilepsy is the use of stem cells to treat both the biological and psychiatric components. Stem cell therapy has been shown efficacious in treating experimental models of neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease, and neuropsychiatric diseases, such as depression. Additional research is necessary to see if stem cells can treat both neurological and neuropsychiatric aspects of epilepsy. Currently, there is no animal model that recapitulates all the clinical hallmarks of epilepsy. This could be due to difficulty in characterizing the neuropsychiatric component of the disease. In advancing stem cell therapy for treating epilepsy, experimental testing of the safety and efficacy of allogeneic and autologous transplantation will require the optimization of cell dosage, delivery, and timing of transplantation in a clinically relevant model of epilepsy with both neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms of the disease as the primary outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Rao
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sherwin Mashkouri
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - David Aum
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Paul Marcet
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
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Blaško J, Szekiova E, Slovinska L, Kafka J, Cizkova D. Axonal outgrowth stimulation after alginate/mesenchymal stem cell therapy in injured rat spinal cord. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2017. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2017-066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mueller M, Wolfs TGA, Schoeberlein A, Gavilanes AWD, Surbek D, Kramer BW. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells-a key mediator for regeneration after perinatal morbidity? Mol Cell Pediatr 2016; 3:6. [PMID: 26869264 PMCID: PMC4751100 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-016-0034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Perinatal complications in both term- and preterm-born infants are a leading cause of neonatal morbidities and mortality. Infants face different challenges in the neonatal intensive care unit with long-term morbidities such as perinatal brain injury and bronchopulmonary dysplasia being particularly devastating. While advances in perinatal medicine have improved our understanding of the pathogenesis, effective therapies to prevent and/or reduce the severity of these disorders are still lacking. The potential of mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) therapy has emerged during the last two decades, and an increasing effort is conducted to address brain- and lung-related morbidities in neonates at risk. Various studies support the notion that MSCs have protective effects. MSCs are an easy source and may be readily available after birth in a clinical setting. MSCs' mechanisms of action are diverse, including migration and homing, release of growth factors and immunomodulation, and the potential to replace injured cells. Here, we review the pathophysiology of perinatally acquired brain and lung injuries and focus on MSCs as potential candidates for therapeutic strategies summarizing preclinical and clinical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mueller
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Bern and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Tim G A Wolfs
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- School of Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Andreina Schoeberlein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Bern and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Antonio W D Gavilanes
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Biomedicine, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
- Department of Neuropsychology, Division Neuroscience, School of Mental Health and neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Daniel Surbek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Bern and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Boris W Kramer
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- School of Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Neuropsychology, Division Neuroscience, School of Mental Health and neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Mesenchymal stem cells attenuate hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and enhance neuroprotective effects in retinal ganglion cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2016; 53:328-335. [PMID: 27864663 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-016-0115-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells leads to visual impairment and blindness in ocular neurodegenerative diseases, especially in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Mounting evidence suggests that oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of DR. In the present study, we investigated whether bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have protective ability to relieve hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced injury on retinal ganglion cells in vitro. An immortalized retinal ganglion cells, RGC-5 cells, were exposed to an indicated concentration of H2O2 for 24 h. Cell viability was analyzed by CCK-8 assay to find out a certain concentration to build H2O2 oxidative damage model. Morphological changes in RGC-5 cells were observed under optical microscope, and cell apoptosis was detected with Hoechst fluorescence staining. Then, BMSCs were co-cultured with RGC-5 cells in a transwell culture system for 24 h and 48 h. Flow cytometry was performed to qualify the apoptosis rate of RGC-5 cells. Conditioned medium was collected for evaluation the inflammatory cytokines by ELISA. The content of intracellular malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was assayed by thiobarbituric acid and xanthine oxidase method, respectively. qRT-PCR and ELISA were conducted for analysis of the expression changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), respectively. After H2O2 exposure, the morphological varieties were observed as cytoplasm shrinking and paramorphia together with nuclear gathering. Meanwhile, the apoptotic cells had hyperfluorescence with Hoechst 33258 staining. Co-culture with BMSCs significantly inhibited retinal cell death. It was found that BMSCs reduced H2O2-induced inflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α, down-regulated intracellular oxidant factor MDA, up-regulated intracellular antioxidant factor SOD, and increased neurotrophins BDNF and CNTF expression. BMSCs may enhance protective effect of RGC-5 cells in H2O2-induced damage through improving antioxidant capacity, inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, and promoting neurotrophin expression.
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Syková E, Rychmach P, Drahorádová I, Konrádová Š, Růžičková K, Voříšek I, Forostyak S, Homola A, Bojar M. Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Results of Phase I/IIa Clinical Trial. Cell Transplant 2016; 26:647-658. [PMID: 27938483 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x693716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive untreatable neurodegenerative disorder, leading to the death of the cortical and spinal motoneurons (MNs). Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BM-MSCs) may represent a new approach to slowing down the progression of ALS by providing neurotrophic support to host MNs and by having an anti-inflammatory effect. We have designed a prospective, nonrandomized, open-label clinical trial (phase I/IIa, EudraCT No. 2011-000362-35) to assess the safety and efficacy of autologous multipotent BM-MSCs in ALS treatment. Autologous BM-MSCs were isolated and expanded under GMP conditions. Patients received 15 ± 4.5 × 106 of BM-MSCs via lumbar puncture into the cerebrospinal fluid. Patients were monitored for 6 months before treatment and then for an 18-month follow-up period. Potential adverse reactions were assessed, and the clinical outcome was evaluated by the ALS functional rating scale (ALSFRS), forced vital capacity (FVC), and weakness scales (WSs) to assess muscle strength on the lower and upper extremities. In total, 26 patients were enrolled in the study and were assessed for safety; 23 patients were suitable for efficacy evaluation. After intrathecal BM-MSC application, about 30% of the patients experienced a mild to moderate headache, resembling the headaches after a standard lumbar puncture. No suspected serious adverse reactions (SUSAR) were observed. We found a reduction in ALSFRS decline at 3 months after application (p < 0.02) that, in some cases, persisted for 6 months ( p < 0.05). In about 80% of the patients, FVC values remained stable or above 70% for a time period of 9 months. Values of WS were stable in 75% of patients at 3 months after application. Our results demonstrate that the intrathecal application of BM-MSCs in ALS patients is a safe procedure and that it can slow down progression of the disease.
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Shakhbazau A, Potapnev M. Autologous mesenchymal stromal cells as a therapeutic in ALS and epilepsy patients: Treatment modalities and ex vivo neural differentiation. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:1245-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Sweda R, Phillips AW, Marx J, Johnston MV, Wilson MA, Fatemi A. Glial-Restricted Precursors Protect Neonatal Brain Slices from Hypoxic-Ischemic Cell Death Without Direct Tissue Contact. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:975-85. [PMID: 27149035 PMCID: PMC4931309 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glial-Restricted Precursors (GRPs) are tripotential progenitors that have been shown to exhibit beneficial effects in several preclinical models of neurological disorders, including neonatal brain injury. The mechanisms of action of these cells, however, require further study, as do clinically relevant questions such as timing and route of cell administration. Here, we explored the effects of GRPs on neonatal hypoxia-ischemia during acute and subacute stages, using an in vitro transwell co-culture system with organotypic brain slices exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). OGD-exposed slices that were then co-cultured with GRPs without direct cell contact had decreased tissue injury and cortical cell death, as evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and propidium iodide (PI) staining. This effect was more pronounced when cells were added during the subacute phase of the injury. Furthermore, GRPs reduced the amount of glutamate in the slice supernatant and changed the proliferation pattern of endogenous progenitor cells in brain slices. In summary, we show that GRPs exert a neuroprotective effect on neonatal hypoxia-ischemia without the need for direct cell-cell contact, thus confirming the rising view that beneficial actions of stem cells are more likely attributable to trophic or immunomodulatory support rather than to long-term integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Sweda
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andre W. Phillips
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
- The Hussman Institute for Autism, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joel Marx
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael V. Johnston
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mary Ann Wilson
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ali Fatemi
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Villalón H, Peñaloza G, Tuma D. TERAPIA REGENERATIVA EN NEONATOLOGÍA. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Guo W, Chu YX, Imai S, Yang JL, Zou S, Mohammad Z, Wei F, Dubner R, Ren K. Further observations on the behavioral and neural effects of bone marrow stromal cells in rodent pain models. Mol Pain 2016; 12:12/0/1744806916658043. [PMID: 27329776 PMCID: PMC4956005 DOI: 10.1177/1744806916658043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) have shown potential to treat chronic pain, although much still needs to be learned about their efficacy and mechanisms of action under different pain conditions. Here, we provide further convergent evidence on the effects of BMSCs in rodent pain models. RESULTS In an orofacial pain model involving injury of a tendon of the masseter muscle, BMSCs attenuated behavioral pain conditions assessed by von Frey filaments and a conditioned place avoidance test in female Sprague-Dawley rats. The antihyperalgesia of BMSCs in females lasted for <8 weeks, which is shorter than that seen in males. To relate preclinical findings to human clinical conditions, we used human BMSCs. Human BMSCs (1.5 M cells, i.v.) attenuated mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia induced by spinal nerve ligation and suppressed spinal nerve ligation-induced aversive behavior, and the effect persisted through the 8-week observation period. In a trigeminal slice preparation, BMSC-treated and nerve-injured C57B/L mice showed reduced amplitude and frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents, as well as excitatory synaptic currents evoked by electrical stimulation of the trigeminal nerve root, suggesting inhibition of trigeminal neuronal hyperexcitability and primary afferent input by BMSCs. Finally, we observed that GluN2A (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 2A) tyrosine phosphorylation and protein kinase Cgamma (PKCg) immunoreactivity in rostral ventromedial medulla was suppressed at 8 weeks after BMSC in tendon-injured rats. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the present work adds convergent evidence supporting the use of BMSCs in pain control. As PKCg activity related to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation is critical in opioid tolerance, these results help to understand the mechanisms of BMSC-produced long-term antihyperalgesia, which requires opioid receptors in rostral ventromedial medulla and apparently lacks the development of tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- University of Maryland School of Denstistry
| | - Yu-Xia Chu
- University of Maryland School of DenstistryUniversity of Maryland School of DentistryUniversity of Maryland School of DentristryUniversity of Maryland School of DentistryUniversity of Maryland School of Dentistry
| | - Satoshi Imai
- University of Maryland School of DenstistryUniversity of Maryland School of DentistryUniversity of Maryland School of DentristryUniversity of Maryland School of DentistryUniversity of Maryland School of Dentistry
| | | | | | | | - Feng Wei
- University of Maryland School of DenstistryUniversity of Maryland School of DentistryUniversity of Maryland School of DentristryUniversity of Maryland School of DentistryUniversity of Maryland School of Dentistry
| | | | - Ke Ren
- University of Maryland School of DenstistryUniversity of Maryland School of DentistryUniversity of Maryland School of DentristryUniversity of Maryland School of DentistryUniversity of Maryland School of Dentistry
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Jellema RK, Ophelders DRMG, Zwanenburg A, Nikiforou M, Delhaas T, Andriessen P, Mays RW, Deans R, Germeraad WTV, Wolfs TGAM, Kramer BW. Multipotent adult progenitor cells for hypoxic-ischemic injury in the preterm brain. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:241. [PMID: 26700169 PMCID: PMC4690228 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0459-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preterm infants are at risk for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. No therapy exists to treat this brain injury and subsequent long-term sequelae. We have previously shown in a well-established pre-clinical model of global hypoxia-ischemia (HI) that mesenchymal stem cells are a promising candidate for the treatment of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. In the current study, we investigated the neuroprotective capacity of multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPC®), which are adherent bone marrow-derived cells of an earlier developmental stage than mesenchymal stem cells and exhibiting more potent anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties. Methods Instrumented preterm sheep fetuses were subjected to global hypoxia-ischemia by 25 min of umbilical cord occlusion at a gestational age of 106 (term ~147) days. During a 7-day reperfusion period, vital parameters (e.g., blood pressure and heart rate; baroreceptor reflex) and (amplitude-integrated) electroencephalogram were recorded. At the end of the experiment, the preterm brain was studied by histology. Results Systemic administration of MAPC therapy reduced the number and duration of seizures and prevented decrease in baroreflex sensitivity after global HI. In addition, MAPC cells prevented HI-induced microglial proliferation in the preterm brain. These anti-inflammatory effects were associated with MAPC-induced prevention of hypomyelination after global HI. Besides attenuation of the cerebral inflammatory response, our findings showed that MAPC cells modulated the peripheral splenic inflammatory response, which has been implicated in the etiology of hypoxic-ischemic injury in the preterm brain. Conclusions In a pre-clinical animal model MAPC cell therapy improved the functional and structural outcome of the preterm brain after global HI. Future studies should establish the mechanism and long-term therapeutic effects of neuroprotection established by MAPC cells in the developing preterm brain exposed to HI. Our study may form the basis for future clinical trials, which will evaluate whether MAPC therapy is capable of reducing neurological sequelae in preterm infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reint K Jellema
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHENS), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229, ER, The Netherlands. .,Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, Maastricht, 6202, AZ, The Netherlands. .,Department of Pediatrics, Máxima Medical Center, PO Box 90052, 5600, PD, Veldhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Daan R M G Ophelders
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHENS), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229, ER, The Netherlands. .,Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, Maastricht, 6202, AZ, The Netherlands.
| | - Alex Zwanenburg
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, Maastricht, 6202, AZ, The Netherlands. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, Maastricht, 6200, MD, The Netherlands.
| | - Maria Nikiforou
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHENS), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229, ER, The Netherlands. .,Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, Maastricht, 6202, AZ, The Netherlands.
| | - Tammo Delhaas
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, Maastricht, 6202, AZ, The Netherlands. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, Maastricht, 6200, MD, The Netherlands. .,School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, PO Box 616, Maastricht, 6200, MD, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter Andriessen
- Department of Pediatrics, Máxima Medical Center, PO Box 90052, 5600, PD, Veldhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Robert W Mays
- Regenerative Medicine, Athersys, Inc., 3201 Carnegie Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44115-2634, USA.
| | - Robert Deans
- Regenerative Medicine, Athersys, Inc., 3201 Carnegie Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44115-2634, USA.
| | - Wilfred T V Germeraad
- School of Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Maastricht, 6229, ER, The Netherlands. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, Maastricht, 6202, AZ, The Netherlands.
| | - Tim G A M Wolfs
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, Maastricht, 6202, AZ, The Netherlands. .,School of Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Maastricht, 6229, ER, The Netherlands.
| | - Boris W Kramer
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHENS), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229, ER, The Netherlands. .,Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, Maastricht, 6202, AZ, The Netherlands. .,School of Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Maastricht, 6229, ER, The Netherlands.
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Snyder J, Rin Son A, Hamid Q, Wang C, Lui Y, Sun W. Mesenchymal stem cell printing and process regulated cell properties. Biofabrication 2015; 7:044106. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/7/4/044106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Forostyak S, Homola A, Turnovcova K, Svitil P, Jendelova P, Sykova E. Intrathecal delivery of mesenchymal stromal cells protects the structure of altered perineuronal nets in SOD1 rats and amends the course of ALS. Stem Cells 2015; 32:3163-72. [PMID: 25113670 PMCID: PMC4321196 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder resulting in a lethal outcome. We studied changes in ventral horn perineuronal nets (PNNs) of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) rats during the normal disease course and after the intrathecal application (5 × 105 cells) of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) postsymptom manifestation. We found that MSCs ameliorated disease progression, significantly improved motor activity, and prolonged survival. For the first time, we report that SOD1 rats have an abnormal disorganized PNN structure around the spinal motoneurons and give different expression profiles of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), such as versican, aggrecan, and phosphacan, but not link protein-1. Additionally, SOD1 rats had different profiles for CSPG gene expression (Versican, Hapln1, Neurocan, and Tenascin-R), whereas Aggrecan and Brevican profiles remained unchanged. The application of MSCs preserved PNN structure, accompanied by better survival of motorneurons. We measured the concentration of cytokines (IL-1α, MCP-1, TNF-α, GM-CSF, IL-4, and IFN-γ) in the rats' cerebrospinal fluid and found significantly higher concentrations of IL-1α and MCP-1. Our results show that PNN and cytokine homeostasis are altered in the SOD1 rat model of ALS. These changes could potentially serve as biological markers for the diagnosis, assessment of treatment efficacy, and prognosis of ALS. We also show that the administration of human MSCs is a safe procedure that delays the loss of motor function and increases the overall survival of symptomatic ALS animals, by remodeling the recipients' pattern of gene expression and having neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects. Stem Cells2014;32:3163–3172
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhiy Forostyak
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neuroscience, 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Geranmayeh MH, Baghbanzadeh A, Barin A, Salar-Amoli J, Dehghan MM, Rahbarghazi R, Azari H. Paracrine Neuroprotective Effects of Neural Stem Cells on Glutamate-Induced Cortical Neuronal Cell Excitotoxicity. Adv Pharm Bull 2015; 5:515-21. [PMID: 26819924 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2015.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in mammalian central nervous system. Excessive glutamate releasing overactivates its receptors and changes calcium homeostasis that in turn leads to a cascade of intracellular events causing neuronal degeneration. In current study, we used neural stem cells conditioned medium (NSCs-CM) to investigate its neuroprotective effects on glutamate-treated primary cortical neurons. METHODS Embryonic rat primary cortical cultures were exposed to different concentrations of glutamate for 1 hour and then they incubated with NSCs-CM. Subsequently, the amount of cell survival in different glutamate excitotoxic groups were measured after 24 h of incubation by trypan blue exclusion assay and MTT assay. Hoechst and propidium iodide were used for determining apoptotic and necrotic cell death pathways proportion and then the effect of NSCs-CM was investigated on this proportion. RESULTS NSCs conditioned medium increased viability rate of the primary cortical neurons after glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. Also we found that NSCs-CM provides its neuroprotective effects mainly by decreasing apoptotic cell death rate rather than necrotic cell death rate. CONCLUSION The current study shows that adult neural stem cells could exert paracrine neuroprotective effects on cortical neurons following a glutamate neurotoxic insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Geranmayeh
- Section of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Baghbanzadeh
- Section of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Barin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamileh Salar-Amoli
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Dehghan
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hassan Azari
- Neural Stem Cell and Regenerative Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Shiraz School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.; Neural Stem Cell and Regenerative Neuroscience Laboratory, Shiraz Stem Cell Institute, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Robinson AM, Miller S, Payne N, Boyd R, Sakkal S, Nurgali K. Neuroprotective Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy in Acute Stages of TNBS-Induced Colitis in Guinea-Pigs. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139023. [PMID: 26397368 PMCID: PMC4580595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims The therapeutic benefits of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), such as homing ability, multipotent differentiation capacity and secretion of soluble bioactive factors which exert neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, have been attributed to attenuation of autoimmune, inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we aimed to determine the earliest time point at which locally administered MSC-based therapies avert enteric neuronal loss and damage associated with intestinal inflammation in the guinea-pig model of colitis. Methods At 3 hours after induction of colitis by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-sulfonate (TNBS), guinea-pigs received either human bone marrow-derived MSCs, conditioned medium (CM), or unconditioned medium by enema into the colon. Colon tissues were collected 6, 24 and 72 hours after administration of TNBS. Effects on body weight, gross morphological damage, immune cell infiltration and myenteric neurons were evaluated. RT-PCR, flow cytometry and antibody array kit were used to identify neurotrophic and neuroprotective factors released by MSCs. Results MSC and CM treatments prevented body weight loss, reduced infiltration of leukocytes into the colon wall and the myenteric plexus, facilitated repair of damaged tissue and nerve fibers, averted myenteric neuronal loss, as well as changes in neuronal subpopulations. The neuroprotective effects of MSC and CM treatments were observed as early as 24 hours after induction of inflammation even though the inflammatory reaction at the level of the myenteric ganglia had not completely subsided. Substantial number of neurotrophic and neuroprotective factors released by MSCs was identified in their secretome. Conclusion MSC-based therapies applied at the acute stages of TNBS-induced colitis start exerting their neuroprotective effects towards enteric neurons by 24 hours post treatment. The neuroprotective efficacy of MSC-based therapies can be exerted independently to their anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainsley M. Robinson
- Centre for Chronic Diseases, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Miller
- Centre for Chronic Diseases, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Natalie Payne
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard Boyd
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Samy Sakkal
- Centre for Chronic Diseases, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Centre for Chronic Diseases, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Colpo GD, Ascoli BM, Wollenhaupt-Aguiar B, Pfaffenseller B, Silva EG, Cirne-Lima EO, Quevedo J, Kapczinski F, Rosa AR. Mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2015; 87:1435-49. [PMID: 26247151 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201520140619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells that have the capacity to differentiate into all lineages of mesodermal origin, e.g., cartilage, bone, and adipocytes. MSCs have been identified at different stages of development, including adulthood, and in different tissues, such as bone marrow, adipose tissue and umbilical cord. Recent studies have shown that MSCs have the ability to migrate to injured sites. In this regard, an important characteristic of MSCs is their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. For instance, there is evidence that MSCs can regulate the immune system by inhibiting proliferation of T and B cells. Clinical interest in the use of MSCs has increased considerably over the past few years, especially because of the ideal characteristics of these cells for regenerative medicine. Therapies with MSCs have shown promising results neurodegenerative diseases, in addition to regulating inflammation, they can promote other beneficial effects, such as neuronal growth, decrease free radicals, and reduce apoptosis. Notwithstanding, despite the vast amount of research into MSCs in neurodegenerative diseases, the mechanism of action of MSCs are still not completely clarified, hindering the development of effective treatments. Conversely, studies in models of psychiatric disorders are scarce, despite the promising results of MSCs therapies in this field as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela D Colpo
- Center for Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Center at Houston, Houston, TX, US
| | - Bruna M Ascoli
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BR
| | - Bianca Wollenhaupt-Aguiar
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BR
| | - Bianca Pfaffenseller
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BR
| | - Emily G Silva
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BR
| | - Elizabeth O Cirne-Lima
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BR
| | - João Quevedo
- Center for Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Center at Houston, Houston, TX, US
| | - Flávio Kapczinski
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BR
| | - Adriane R Rosa
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BR
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Feng D, Guo B, Liu G, Wang B, Wang W, Gao G, Qin H, Wu S. FGF2 alleviates PTSD symptoms in rats by restoring GLAST function in astrocytes via the JAK/STAT pathway. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:1287-99. [PMID: 25979764 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In our previous study, we demonstrated that fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) administration alleviated posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms via an "astrocyte-related" mechanism. We further investigated the changes in the astrocytic glutamate transporters GLAST and GLT-1 and in JAK/STAT3 signaling (which is involved in astrocyte activation and GLAST/GLT-1 function) in single prolonged stress (SPS) model rats. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses revealed a significant SPS-induced increase in the concentration of glutamate in the cerebrospinal fluid and decrease in GLAST/GLT-1 expression and JAK/STAT3 signaling. Treatment with FGF2 significantly alleviated GLAST/GLT-1 dysfunction, JAK/STAT3 signaling inhibition, and the behavioral abnormalities. The administration of the JAK/STAT pathway inhibitor AG490 blocked the effects of FGF2 on PTSD symptoms, astrocyte activation, and GLAST, but not GLT-1, expression in vivo and in vitro. Our findings suggest that astrocytic JAK/STAT signaling is associated with SPS-induced GLAST dysfunction and that FGF2 protects against PTSD symptoms by restoring astrocytic glutamate uptake via the JAK/STAT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayun Feng
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Baolin Guo
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Gaohua Liu
- Department of Psychosomatics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Bao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Guodong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Huaizhou Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
| | - Shengxi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
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Venugopal C, Chandanala S, Prasad HC, Nayeem D, Bhonde RR, Dhanushkodi A. Regenerative therapy for hippocampal degenerative diseases: lessons from preclinical studies. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 11:321-333. [PMID: 26118731 DOI: 10.1002/term.2052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Increase in life expectancy has put neurodegenerative diseases on the rise. Amongst these, degenerative diseases involving hippocampus like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) are ranked higher as it is vulnerable to excitotoxicity induced neuronal dysfunction and death resulting in cognitive impairment. Modern medicines have not succeeded in halting the progression of these diseases rendering them incurable and often fatal. Under such scenario, regenerative studies employing stem cells or their by-products in animal models of AD and TLE have yielded encourageing results. This review focuses on the distinct cell types, such as hippocampal cell lines, neural precursor cells, embryonic stem cells derived neural precursor cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, induced neurons and mesenchymal stem cells, which can be employed to rescue hippocampal functions in neurodegenerative diseases like AD and TLE. Besides, the divergent mechanisms through which cell based therapy confer neuroprotection, current impediments and possible improvements in stem cell transplantation strategies are discussed. Authors are aware of the voluminous literature available on this issue and have made a sincere attempt to put forth the current status of research in the field of cell based therapy concurrently discussing the promise it holds for combating neurodegenerative diseases like AD and TLE in the near future. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitra Venugopal
- School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - Danish Nayeem
- School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, Bangalore, India
| | - Ramesh R Bhonde
- School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, Bangalore, India
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