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Dowker SR, Downey ML, Majhail NK, Scott IG, Mathisson J, Rizk D, Trumpower B, Yake D, Williams M, Coulter‐Thompson EI, Brent CM, Smith GC, Swor R, Berger DA, Rooney DM, Neumar RW, Friedman CP, Cooke JM, Missel AL. Early intranasal medication administration in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: Two randomized simulation trials. J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open 2024; 5:e13100. [PMID: 38260004 PMCID: PMC10800291 DOI: 10.1002/emp2.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Intranasal medications have been proposed as adjuncts to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) care. We sought to quantify the effects of intranasal medication administration (INMA) in OHCA workflows. Methods We conducted separate randomized OHCA simulation trials with lay rescuers (LRs) and first responders (FRs). Participants were randomized to groups performing hands-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)/automated external defibrillator with or without INMA during the second analysis phase. Time to compression following the second shock (CPR2) was the primary outcome and compression quality (chest compression rate (CCR) and fraction (CCF)) was the secondary outcome. We fit linear regression models adjusted for CPR training in the LR group and service years in the FR group. Results Among LRs, INMA was associated with a significant increase in CPR2 (mean diff. 44.1 s, 95% CI: 14.9, 73.3), which persisted after adjustment (p = 0.005). We observed a significant decrease in CCR (INMA 95.1 compressions per min (cpm) vs control 104.2 cpm, mean diff. -9.1 cpm, 95% CI -16.6, -1.6) and CCF (INMA 62.4% vs control 69.8%, mean diff. -7.5%, 95% CI -12.0, -2.9). Among FRs, we found no significant CPR2 delays (mean diff. -2.1 s, 95% CI -15.9, 11.7), which persisted after adjustment (p = 0.704), or difference in quality (CCR INMA 115.5 cpm vs control 120.8 cpm, mean diff. -5.3 cpm, 95% CI -12.6, 2.0; CCF INMA 79.6% vs control 81.2% mean diff. -1.6%, 95% CI -7.4, 4.3%). Conclusions INMA in LR resuscitation was associated with diminished resuscitation performance. INMA by FR did not impede key times or quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R. Dowker
- Department of Learning Health SciencesUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Madison L. Downey
- Department of Learning Health SciencesUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Noor K. Majhail
- Department of Learning Health SciencesUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Isabella G. Scott
- Department of Learning Health SciencesUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Jonah Mathisson
- Department of Learning Health SciencesUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Daniel Rizk
- Department of Learning Health SciencesUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Brad Trumpower
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical School, 2139 Cardiovascular CenterAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Debra Yake
- Department of Learning Health SciencesUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Michelle Williams
- Department of Learning Health SciencesUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Emilee I. Coulter‐Thompson
- Department of Learning Health SciencesUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Center for Bioethics and Social Sciences in Medicine, University of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Christine M. Brent
- Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Graham C. Smith
- Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Robert Swor
- Department of Emergency MedicineCorewell East William Beaumont University HospitalRoyal OakMichiganUSA
- Department of Emergency MedicineOakland University William Beaumont School of MedicineRochesterMichiganUSA
| | - David A. Berger
- Department of Emergency MedicineCorewell East William Beaumont University HospitalRoyal OakMichiganUSA
- Department of Emergency MedicineOakland University William Beaumont School of MedicineRochesterMichiganUSA
| | - Deborah M. Rooney
- Department of Learning Health SciencesUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Robert W. Neumar
- Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Charles P. Friedman
- Department of Learning Health SciencesUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - James M. Cooke
- Department of Learning Health SciencesUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of Family MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Amanda L. Missel
- Department of Learning Health SciencesUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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Zhang RB, Ren L, Ding DP, Wang HD, Peng J, Zheng K. Protective Effect of the SIRT1-Mediated NF-κB Signaling Pathway against Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Neonatal Mice. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2023; 33:386-394. [PMID: 36379465 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To discover the mechanism of the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-mediated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway in the protection against necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in neonatal mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Neonatal mice were treated with EX527 (an inhibitor of SIRT1) and/or pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, an inhibitor of NF-κB). The survival rate of the mice was recorded. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was performed to observe the pathological changes in the intestines. Furthermore, western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction were conducted to measure the protein and gene expression, while corresponding kits were used to detect the levels of oxidative stress indicators. RESULTS PDTC increased the survival rate of NEC mice. When compared with the NEC+ EX527 + PDTC group, the histological NEC score was higher in the NEC + EX527 group but lower in the NEC + PDTC group. SIRT1 expression in the intestines of NEC mice was downregulated, with an increase in p65 nuclear translocation. Additionally, malondialdehyde increased and glutathione peroxidase decreased in the intestines of NEC mice, with the upregulation of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as the downregulation of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-4 in the intestines. However, the above changes could be improved by PDTC, which could be further reversed by EX527. CONCLUSION SIRT1 can mitigate inflammation and the oxidative stress response and improve intestinal permeability by mediating the NF-κB pathway, playing an important role in the alleviation of NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Bo Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Ping Ding
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng-Dong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Peng
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, People's Republic of China
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Ma G, Li J, Wang H, Lin AL, Yang G, Zuo Z. Formyl peptide receptor 1 is involved in surgery-induced neuroinflammation and dysfunction of learning and memory in mice. Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114577. [PMID: 37423318 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication after surgery. Peripheral immune cells may contribute to the development of POCD. However, molecules that are important for this contribution are not known. We hypothesize that formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1), a molecule critical for the migration of the monocytes and neutrophils into the brain after brain ischemia, is central to the development of postoperative neuroinflammation and dysfunction of learning and memory. Male C57BL/6 (wild-type) mice and FPR1-/- mice received right carotid artery exposure surgery. Some wild-type mice received cFLFLF, an FPR1 antagonist. Mouse brains were harvested 24 h after the surgery for biochemical analysis. Mice were subjected to the Barnes maze and fear conditioning tests to determine their learning and memory from 2 weeks after the surgery. We found that surgery increased FPR1 in the brain and proinflammatory cytokines in the blood and brain of wild-type mice. Surgery also impaired their learning and memory. cFLFLF attenuated these effects. Surgery did not induce an increase in the proinflammatory cytokines and impairment of learning and memory in FPR1-/- mice. These results suggest that FPR1 is important for the development of neuroinflammation and dysfunction of learning and memory after surgery. Specific interventions that inhibit FPR1 may be developed to reduce POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Ai-Ling Lin
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zhiyi Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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Chen X, Chen D, Chen P, Chen A, Deng J, Wei J, Zeng W, Zheng X. Dexmedetomidine Attenuates Apoptosis and Neurological Deficits by Modulating Neuronal NADPH Oxidase 2-Derived Oxidative Stress in Neonates Following Hypoxic Brain Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2199. [PMID: 36358571 PMCID: PMC9686745 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is an important cause of neonatal neurological deficits. Our previous study demonstrated that dexmedetomidine (Dex) provided neuroprotection against neonatal hypoxic brain injury; however, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated. Overactivation of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) can cause neuronal apoptosis and neurological deficits. Hence, we aimed to investigate the role of neuronal NOX2 in Dex-mediated neuroprotection and to explore its potential mechanisms. Hypoxic injury was modeled in neonatal rodents in vivo and in cultured hippocampal neurons in vitro. Our results showed that pre- or post-treatment with Dex improved the neurological deficits and alleviated the hippocampal neuronal damage and apoptosis caused by neonatal hypoxia. In addition, Dex treatment significantly suppressed hypoxia-induced neuronal NOX2 activation; it also reduced oxidative stress, as evidenced by decreases in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, malondialdehyde, and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, as well as increases in the antioxidant enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in neonatal rat hippocampi and in hippocampal neurons. Lastly, the posthypoxicneuroprotective action of Dex was almost completely abolished in NOX2-deficient neonatal mice and NOX2-knockdown neurons. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that neuronal NOX2-mediated oxidative stress is involved in the neuroprotection that Dex provides against apoptosis and neurological deficits in neonates following hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Dongtai Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Pinzhong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Andi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Jianhui Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Jianjie Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Weian Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xiaochun Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Co-Constructed Laboratory of “Belt and Road”, Fuzhou 350001, China
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5
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Yang X, Liao K, Deng IB, Zhang L. Knockdown of interleukin-6 plays a neuroprotective role against hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal rats via inhibition of caspase 3 and Bcl-2-associated X protein signaling pathway. IBRAIN 2022; 8:413-428. [PMID: 37786746 PMCID: PMC10529178 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the pathogenesis of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE). Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used for the establishment of hypoxic-ischemic (HI) model. The Zea-Longa scoring was used to evaluate the extent of the neurological deficits. Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used to measure the volume of infarction in the brain following HI protocol. The expression of IL-6 in the cortex and/or hippocampus at multiple time points after HI was examined by immunohistochemistry, western blotting and immunofluorescence. Moreover, small interfering RNAs (siRNA) were used to inhibit the expression of IL-6 in-vitro and in-vivo, and the concomitant expression of the Bcl-2 associated X protein (BAX) and caspase 3 was also measured. HI induced a significant brain damage, and these pathological changes were accompanied by IL-6 upregulation which was found localized in cortical neurons. The inhibition of IL-6 expression fostered neuronal and axonal growth, and a reduction in cellular apoptosis in cortical neuronal cultures, and cortex and hippocampus of neonatal rats. The expression of apoptotic markers such as BAX and caspase 3 was closely associated with IL-6. Downregulation of IL-6 could ameliorate HI-induced deficiencies by mediating the expression of caspase 3 and BAX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Yang
- Animal Model Research Center of Human DiseaseKunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Ke‐Han Liao
- School of AnesthesiologySouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Isaac B. Deng
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Lan‐Chun Zhang
- Animal Model Research Center of Human DiseaseKunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
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6
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Srinivasarao DA, Sreenivasa Reddy S, Bhanuprakash Reddy G, Katti DS. Simultaneous amelioration of diabetic ocular complications in lens and retinal tissues using a non-invasive drug delivery system. Int J Pharm 2021; 608:121045. [PMID: 34481006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Topically administered delivery systems for ophthalmic applications have been studied for the treatment of anterior or posterior eye diseases. However, simultaneous treatment of both anterior and posterior eye diseases has not been explored. In this study, we fabricated a topically administrable polymeric nanoparticle (NP)- based delivery system consisting of pluronic®F-68 shell and polycaprolactone core for the simultaneous treatment of both anterior and posterior eye diseases. These NPs were loaded with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) or triamcinolone acetonide (TA) separately. The drug loading in NPs was optimized to initially achieve a moderate burst release of PDTC followed by slow and sustained release of both PDTC and TA. The resultant delivery system was studied for its in vivo efficacy in a diabetic retinopathy (DR) and cataract rat model. The results demonstrated that administration of PDTC NPs + TA NPs minimized oxidative stress in lens as evidenced by reduced levels of protein carbonyls and malondialdehyde, and, ameliorated DR complications in retina as evidenced by reduced expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α along with a reduction in number of neovascular tufts and acellular capillaries. Therefore, delivery of PDTC and TA using PCL-PF68 NPs could be a useful approach for simultaneous treatment of diabetic cataract and DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dadi A Srinivasarao
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India; The Mehta Family Center for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - S Sreenivasa Reddy
- Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - G Bhanuprakash Reddy
- Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Dhirendra S Katti
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India; The Mehta Family Center for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.
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7
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Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Antioxidants as a Potential Tool for the Therapy of Neurological Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121246. [PMID: 33371285 PMCID: PMC7766211 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has a key role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases and can be an important cause of the damages in cerebral ischemia. Oxidative stress arises from high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Consequently, on this rational base, antioxidants (many of natural origin) are proposed as potential drugs to prevent ROS noxious actions because they can protect the target tissues from the oxidative stress. However, the potential of antioxidants is limited, owing to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is difficult to cross with a consequent low bioavailability of the drug into the brain after systemic (intravenous, intraperitoneal, oral) administrations. One strategy to improve the delivery of antioxidants to the brain involves the use of the so-called nose-to-brain route, with the administration of the antioxidant in specific nasal formulations and its passage to the central nervous system (CNS) mainly through the olfactory nerve way. In the current literature, many examples show encouraging results in studies carried out in cell cultures and in animal models about the potential neuroprotective effects of antioxidants when administered through the nose. This review concerns the nose-to-brain route for the brain targeting of antioxidants as a potential tool for the therapy of neurological diseases.
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Wang J, Shi Y, Yu S, Wang Y, Meng Q, Liang G, Eckenhoff MF, Wei H. Intranasal administration of dantrolene increased brain concentration and duration. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229156. [PMID: 32160210 PMCID: PMC7065741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dantrolene has been demonstrated to be neuroprotective for multiple neurodegenerative diseases. However, dantrolene's limited penetration into the CNS hampers its effectiveness as a neuroprotective agent. Here, we studied whether the intranasal administration of dantrolene provided better penetration into the brain than the commonly used oral approach. C57BL/6 mice, aged 2-4 months, received a single dose of either intranasal or oral dantrolene (5mg/kg). Inhibition of dantrolene clearance from the brain was examined by co-administration with P-gp/BCRP inhibitors, nimodipine or elacridar. The concentration of dantrolene in the brain and plasma was measured at 10, 20, 30, 50, 70, 120, 150 and 180 minutes after administration. Separate cohorts of mice were given intranasal dantrolene (5mg/kg) or vehicle, 3 times/ week, for either 3 weeks or 4 months, to examine potential adverse side effects on olfaction and motor coordination, respectively. We found that Dantrolene concentrations were sustained in the brain after intranasal administration for 180 min, while concentrations fell to zero at 120 min for oral administration. Chronic use of intranasal dantrolene did not impair olfaction or motor function in these mice. Blood brain barrier pump inhibitors did not further increase dantrolene peak concentrations in the brain. Our results suggested that Intranasal administration of dantrolene is an effective route to increase its concentration and duration in the brain compared to the oral approach, without any obvious side effects on olfaction or motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuchun Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qingcheng Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Ge Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Maryellen F. Eckenhoff
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Huafeng Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
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Li Q, Xing S, Chen Y, Liao Q, Li Q, Liu Y, He S, Feng F, Chen Y, Zhang J, Liu W, Guo Q, Sun Y, Sun H. Reasonably activating Nrf2: A long-term, effective and controllable strategy for neurodegenerative diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 185:111862. [PMID: 31735576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a variety of debilitating and fatal disorder in central nervous system (CNS). Besides targeting neuronal activity by influencing neurotransmitters or their corresponding receptors, modulating the underlying processes that lead to cell death, such as oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, should also be emphasized as an assistant strategy for neurodegeneration therapy. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) has been closely verified to be related to anti-inflammation and oxidative stress, rationally regulating its belonging pathway and activating Nrf2 is emphasized to be a potential treatment approach. There have existed multiple Nrf2 activators with different mechanisms and diverse structures, but those applied for neuro-disorders are still limited. On the basis of research arrangement and compound summary, we put forward the limitations of existing Nrf2 activators for neurodegenerative diseases and their future developing directions in enhancing the blood-brain barrier permeability to make Nrf2 activators function in CNS and designing Nrf2-based multi-target-directed ligands to affect multiple nodes in pathology of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Shuaishuai Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Qinghong Liao
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Qihang Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Siyu He
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Feng Feng
- Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, No.4 Meicheng Road, Huai'an, 223003, PR China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, 95817, USA
| | - Haopeng Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China; Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, No.4 Meicheng Road, Huai'an, 223003, PR China.
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10
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Mai N, Miller-Rhodes K, Knowlden S, Halterman MW. The post-cardiac arrest syndrome: A case for lung-brain coupling and opportunities for neuroprotection. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:939-958. [PMID: 30866740 PMCID: PMC6547189 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19835552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation and multi-organ failure represent hallmarks of the post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) and predict severe neurological injury and often fatal outcomes. Current interventions for cardiac arrest focus on the reversal of precipitating cardiac pathologies and the implementation of supportive measures with the goal of limiting damage to at-risk tissue. Despite the widespread use of targeted temperature management, there remain no proven approaches to manage reperfusion injury in the period following the return of spontaneous circulation. Recent evidence has implicated the lung as a moderator of systemic inflammation following remote somatic injury in part through effects on innate immune priming. In this review, we explore concepts related to lung-dependent innate immune priming and its potential role in PCAS. Specifically, we propose and investigate the conceptual model of lung-brain coupling drawing from the broader literature connecting tissue damage and acute lung injury with cerebral reperfusion injury. Subsequently, we consider the role that interventions designed to short-circuit lung-dependent immune priming might play in improving patient outcomes following cardiac arrest and possibly other acute neurological injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Mai
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,2 Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kathleen Miller-Rhodes
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,2 Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sara Knowlden
- 2 Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,3 Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Marc W Halterman
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,2 Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,3 Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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11
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Shan W, Li J, Xu W, Li H, Zuo Z. Critical role of UQCRC1 in embryo survival, brain ischemic tolerance and normal cognition in mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1381-1396. [PMID: 30666338 PMCID: PMC6421091 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquinol cytochrome c reductase core protein I (UQCRC1) is a component of the complex III in the respiratory chain. Its biological functions are unknown. Here, we showed that knockout of UQCRC1 led to embryonic lethality. Disrupting one UQCRC1 allele in mice (heterozygous mice) of both sexes did not affect their growth but reduced UQCRC1 mRNA and protein in the brain. These mice had decreased complex III formation, complex III activity and ATP content in the brain at baseline. They developed worsened neurological outcome after brain ischemia/hypoxia or focal brain ischemia compared with wild-type mice. The ischemic cerebral cortex of the heterozygous mice had decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP content as well as increased free radicals. Also, the heterozygous mice performed poorly in the Barnes maze and novel object recognition tests. Finally, UQCRC1 was expressed abundantly in neurons and astrocytes. These results suggest a critical role of UQCRC1 in embryo survival. UQCRC1 may also be important by forming the complex III to maintain normal brain ischemic tolerance, learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiran Shan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health System, 1 Hospital Drive, PO Box 800710, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0710, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health System, 1 Hospital Drive, PO Box 800710, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0710, USA
| | - Wenhao Xu
- Genetically Engineered Murine Model Core, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Zhiyi Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health System, 1 Hospital Drive, PO Box 800710, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0710, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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12
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Pan S, Li S, Hu Y, Zhang H, Liu Y, Jiang H, Fang M, Li Z, Xu K, Zhang H, Lin Z, Xiao J. Resveratrol post-treatment protects against neonatal brain injury after hypoxia-ischemia. Oncotarget 2018; 7:79247-79261. [PMID: 27811363 PMCID: PMC5346711 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is a devastating disease with limited treatment options. Preventive treatment with resveratrol has indicated to be well tolerated and has lower toxicity in both experimental models and human patients. However, whether resveratrol administration post-hypoxic-ischemic protects against neonatal hypoxic-ischemic injury is not known. Here we reported that post-treatment with resveratrol significantly reduced brain damage at 7-day after the injury. We found that resveratrol reduced the expression levels of key inflammatory factors at the mRNA and protein levels, and at least partially via inhibiting microglia activation. Moreover, resveratrol exerted an anti-apoptotic effect, as assessed by TUNEL staining, and altered the expression of the apoptosis-related genes Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase3. Our data indicate that post-treatment with resveratrol protects against neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury and suggest a promising therapeutic strategy to this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Pan
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Songlin Li
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yingying Hu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yanlong Liu
- The School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Huai Jiang
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Mingchu Fang
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhengmao Li
- The School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Kebin Xu
- The School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- The School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhenlang Lin
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- The School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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13
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Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) inhibits inflammatory signaling via expression of regulator of calcineurin activity 1 (RCAN1). Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 143:107-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Wang Z, Shan W, Cao J, Wintermark M, Huang W, Zuo Z. Early administration of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate extends the therapeutic time window of tissue plasminogen activator in a male rat model of embolic stroke. J Neurosci Res 2017; 96:449-458. [PMID: 28976017 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is used in fewer than 4% of patients after ischemic stroke because of its narrow therapeutic time window. We tested whether pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a drug with multiple mechanisms to provide neuroprotection, can be used to extend the therapeutic time window of tPA. Three-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to embolic stroke in the area supplied by the right middle cerebral artery. tPA at 10 mg/kg was given intravenously 4 h after the onset of stroke. PDTC at 50 mg/kg was given via gastric gavage at 30 min or 4 h after the onset of stroke. Two days after the stroke, neurological outcome was evaluated and the right frontal cortex area 1 (Fr1), an ischemic penumbral region, was harvested for analysis. PDTC given at 30 min after the stroke reduced infarct volumes and improved neurological functions no matter whether the rats received tPA. PDTC also reduced tPA-increased hemorrhagic volumes. Consistent with these results, PDTC in the presence or absence of tPA treatment attenuated the increase of proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and matrix metalloprotease 2 activity in the right Fr1. However, PDTC given at 4 h after the onset of stroke did not improve the neurological outcome of rats treated with or without tPA. Our results suggest that PDTC given at an early time point but not in a delayed phase provides neuroprotection against embolic stroke and may be used to extend the therapeutic time window of tPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiran Shan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jiangbei Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Anesthesiology and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Max Wintermark
- University of Virginia, Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Wenqi Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyi Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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15
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Zheng B, Lai R, Li J, Zuo Z. Critical role of P2X7 receptors in the neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction after surgery. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 61:365-374. [PMID: 28089560 PMCID: PMC5316360 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction worsens patient outcome after surgery. Neuroinflammation is a critical neuropathological process for it. We determined the role of P2X7 receptors, proteins that participate in inflammatory response, in the neuroinflammation induction after surgery, and whether the choice of volatile anesthetics affects its occurrence. Eight-week old C57BL/6J or P2X7 receptor knockout male mice were subjected to right carotid arterial exposure under anesthesia with 1.8% isoflurane, 2.5% sevoflurane or 10% desflurane. They were tested by Barnes maze and fear conditioning from 2weeks after the surgery. Hippocampus was harvested 6h, 24h and 7days after the surgery for immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting. Mice with surgery under anesthesia with isoflurane, sevoflurane or desflurane took longer than control mice to identify the target box 1 or 8days after the training sessions in Barnes maze. Mice anesthetized by isoflurane or sevoflurane, but not by desflurane, had less freezing behavior than control mice in fear conditioning test. Mice with surgery and anesthesia had increased ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 and interleukin 1β in the hippocampus but this increase was smaller in mice anesthetized with desflurane than mice anesthetized with isoflurane. Mice with surgery had increased P2X7 receptors and its downstream molecule caspase 1. Inhibition or knockout of P2X7 receptors attenuated surgery and anesthesia-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. We conclude that surgery under desflurane anesthesia may have reduced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment compared with surgery under isoflurane anesthesia. P2X7 receptors may mediate the neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, U.S.A,Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China
| | - Renchun Lai
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, U.S.A,Department of Anesthesiology and State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, U.S.A
| | - Zhiyi Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China.
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16
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Gui L, Lei X, Zuo Z. Decrease of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor contributes to anesthesia- and surgery-induced learning and memory dysfunction in neonatal rats. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:369-379. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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17
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Kumral A, Iscan B, Engur D, Tuzun F, Ozbal S, Ergur BU, Kaynak Turkmen M, Duman N, Ozkan H. Intranasal surfactant protein D as neuroprotective rescue in a neonatal rat model of periventricular leukomalacia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 30:446-451. [PMID: 27109442 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2016.1174996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is the leading cause of neurocognitive deficits in children with prematurity. We previously hypothesized that surfactant protein D (SPD) with its ability to bind toll-like receptors may have a possible ameliorating effect in PVL. METHODS Three groups were defined as: LPS-administered and postnatal intranasal saline administered group, LPS-administered and postnatal intranasal SPD-treated group, and control group. Twenty-eight offspring rats were reared with their dams until their sacrifice for histological evaluation on day 7. RESULTS A significant loss of brain weight occurred in the LPS group compared with controls. The postnatal intranasal SPD treatment significantly reduced the number of TUNEL-positive cells in the periventricular white matter as compared with the LPS-treated group. Compared with the control group, LPS injection in the rat brain significantly reduced the MBP-positive staining. Postnatal SPD treatment greatly prevented LPS-stimulated loss of MBP staining. CONCLUSIONS Present study demonstrated a neuroprotective effect of SPD in a rat model of PVL. Our results offer future implications towards increasing our understanding about multifactorial mechanisms underlying periventricular leukomalacia and developing plausible therapeutic strategies in order to prevent neurocognitive deficits in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Kumral
- a Department of Pediatrics , Division of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Burcin Iscan
- a Department of Pediatrics , Division of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Defne Engur
- b Department of Pediatrics , Division of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University , Aydin , Turkey , and
| | - Funda Tuzun
- a Department of Pediatrics , Division of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Seda Ozbal
- c Department of Histology , School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Bekir Ugur Ergur
- c Department of Histology , School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Munevver Kaynak Turkmen
- b Department of Pediatrics , Division of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University , Aydin , Turkey , and
| | - Nuray Duman
- a Department of Pediatrics , Division of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Hasan Ozkan
- a Department of Pediatrics , Division of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University , Izmir , Turkey
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18
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Ren X, Ma H, Zuo Z. Dexmedetomidine Postconditioning Reduces Brain Injury after Brain Hypoxia-Ischemia in Neonatal Rats. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2016; 11:238-47. [PMID: 26932203 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-016-9658-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal asphyxia can lead to death and severe disability. Brain hypoxia-ischemia (HI) injury is the major pathophysiology contributing to death and severe disability after perinatal asphyxia. Here, seven-day old Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to left brain HI. Dexmedetomidine was given intraperitoneally after the brain HI. Yohimbine or atipamezole, two α2 adrenergic receptor antagonists, were given 10 min before the dexmedetomidine injection. Neurological outcome was evaluated 7 or 28 days after the brain HI. Frontal cerebral cortex was harvested 6 h after the brain HI. Left brain HI reduced the left cerebral hemisphere weight assessed 7 days after the brain HI. This brain tissue loss was dose-dependently attenuated by dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine applied within 1 h after the brain HI produced this effect. Dexmedetomidine attenuated the brain HI-induced brain tissue and cell loss as well as neurological and cognitive dysfunction assessed from 28 days after the brain HI. Dexmedetomidine postconditioning-induced neuroprotection was abolished by yohimbine or atipamezole. Brain HI increased tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β in the brain tissues. This increase was attenuated by dexmedetomidine. Atipamezole inhibited this dexmedetomidine effect. Our results suggest that dexmedetomidine postconditioning reduces HI-induced brain injury in the neonatal rats. This effect may be mediated by α2 adrenergic receptor activation that inhibits inflammation in the ischemic brain tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiyi Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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19
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Liddell JR, Lehtonen S, Duncan C, Keksa-Goldsteine V, Levonen AL, Goldsteins G, Malm T, White AR, Koistinaho J, Kanninen KM. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate activates the Nrf2 pathway in astrocytes. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:49. [PMID: 26920699 PMCID: PMC4768425 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0515-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endogenous defense against oxidative stress is controlled by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). The normal compensatory mechanisms to combat oxidative stress appear to be insufficient to protect against the prolonged exposure to reactive oxygen species during disease. Counterbalancing the effects of oxidative stress by up-regulation of Nrf2 signaling has been shown to be effective in various disease models where oxidative stress is implicated, including Alzheimer’s disease. Stimulation of Nrf2 signaling by small-molecule activators is an appealing strategy to up-regulate the endogenous defense mechanisms of cells. Methods Here, we investigate Nrf2 induction by the metal chelator and known nuclear factor-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) in cultured astrocytes and neurons, and mouse brain. Nrf2 induction is further examined in cultures co-treated with PDTC and kinase inhibitors or amyloid-beta, and in Nrf2-deficient cultures. Results We show that PDTC is a potent inducer of Nrf2 signaling specifically in astrocytes and demonstrate the critical role of Nrf2 in PDTC-mediated protection against oxidative stress. This induction appears to be regulated by both Keap1 and glycogen synthase kinase 3β. Furthermore, the presence of amyloid-beta magnifies PDTC-mediated induction of endogenous protective mechanisms, therefore suggesting that PDTC may be an effective Nrf2 inducer in the context of Alzheimer’s disease. Finally, we show that PDTC increases brain copper content and glial expression of heme oxygenase-1, and decreases lipid peroxidation in vivo, promoting a more antioxidative environment. Conclusions PDTC activates Nrf2 and its antioxidative targets in astrocytes but not neurons. These effects may contribute to the neuroprotection observed for PDTC in models of Alzheimer’s disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0515-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Liddell
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. .,Mental Health Research Institute of Victoria, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Sarka Lehtonen
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Clare Duncan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. .,Mental Health Research Institute of Victoria, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Velta Keksa-Goldsteine
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Anna-Liisa Levonen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Gundars Goldsteins
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Tarja Malm
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Anthony R White
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. .,Mental Health Research Institute of Victoria, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Katja M Kanninen
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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20
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Fréchou M, Zhang S, Liere P, Delespierre B, Soyed N, Pianos A, Schumacher M, Mattern C, Guennoun R. Intranasal delivery of progesterone after transient ischemic stroke decreases mortality and provides neuroprotection. Neuropharmacology 2015; 97:394-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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21
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Anderson ST, Commins S, Moynagh PN, Coogan AN. Lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis induces long-lasting affective changes in the mouse. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 43:98-109. [PMID: 25063709 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-septic encephalopathy is a poorly understood condition in survivors of sepsis that is characterised by cognitive and affective impairments. In this study we have sought to better understand this condition by undertaking a comprehensive behavioural and cognitive assessment of mice who had previously survived sepsis. Mice were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 5mg/kg) and one month after this assessed on a battery of tests. Post-septic animals were found to display significantly more immobility in the tail suspension test and show a significantly decreased sucrose preference. Acute fluoxetine treatment reversed the increase in immobility in the tail suspension test in post-septic animals. Post-septic animals also showed less overall exploratory behaviour in the novel object recognition task and also showed increased anxiety-like behaviour in the elevated plus maze. Post-septic mice did not show signs of cognitive impairment, as assessed in the Morris watermaze, the 8-arm radial maze or on preference for the novel object in the novel object recognition task. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed significant upregulation of the microglial marker CD-11b, F4/80 and IBA-1 in the hippocampus of post-septic animals, as well as significant downregulation of the plasticity-related immediate early gene products ARC and EGR1. We also observed a decrease in neural stem cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of post-septic animals as judged by BrdU incorporation. Co-treatment with the NF-κB pathway inhibitor PDTC attenuated the long-lasting effects of LPS on most of the affected parameters, but not on neural stem cell proliferation. These results show that LPS-induced sepsis in the mouse is followed by long-lasting increases in depressive- and anxiety-like behaviours, as well as by changes in neuroinflammatory- and neural plasticity-associated factors, and that attenuation of the severity of sepsis by PDTC attenuates many of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seán T Anderson
- Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Seán Commins
- Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Paul N Moynagh
- Institute of Immunology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Andrew N Coogan
- Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland.
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22
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Antioxidant strategies and respiratory disease of the preterm newborn: an update. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:721043. [PMID: 24803984 PMCID: PMC3996983 DOI: 10.1155/2014/721043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Preterm newborns are challenged by an excessive oxidative burden, as a result of several perinatal stimuli, as intrauterine infections, resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, and postnatal complications, in the presence of immature antioxidant capacities. "Oxygen radical disease of neonatology" comprises a wide range of conditions sharing a common pathway of pathogenesis and includes bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and other main complications of prematurity. Antioxidant strategies may be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress- (OS-) related lung disease of the preterm newborn. Endotracheal supplementation or lung-targeted overexpression of superoxide dismutase was proved to reduce lung damage in several models; however, the supplementation in preterm newborn failed to reduce the risk of BPD, although long-term respiratory outcomes were improved. Also melatonin administration to small cohorts of preterm newborns suggested beneficial effects on lung OS. The possibility to identify single nucleotide polymorphism affecting the risk of BPD may help to identify specific populations with particularly high risk of OS-related diseases and may pose the basis for individually targeted treatments. Finally, surfactant replacement may lead to local anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, thanks to specific enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants naturally present in animal surfactants.
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23
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Ren X, Wang Z, Ma H, Zuo Z. Sevoflurane postconditioning provides neuroprotection against brain hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal rats. Neurol Sci 2014; 35:1401-4. [PMID: 24705859 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-014-1726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Application of volatile anesthetics after brain ischemia provides neuroprotection in adult animals (anesthetic postconditioning). We tested whether postconditioning with sevoflurane, the most commonly used general anesthetic in pediatric anesthesia, reduced neonatal brain injury in rats. Seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to brain hypoxia-ischemia (HI). They were postconditioned with sevoflurane in the presence or absence of 5-hydroxydecanoic acid, a mitochondrial KATP channel inhibitor. Sevoflurane postconditioning dose-dependently reduced brain tissue loss observed 7 days after brain HI. This effect was induced by clinically relevant concentrations and abolished by 5-hydroxydecanoic acid. These results suggest that sevoflurane postconditioning protects neonatal brain against brain HI via mitochondrial KATP channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
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