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Burtscher J, Duderstadt Y, Gatterer H, Burtscher M, Vozdek R, Millet GP, Hicks AA, Ehrenreich H, Kopp M. Hypoxia Sensing and Responses in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1759. [PMID: 38339038 PMCID: PMC10855464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with various deficits in sensing and responding to reductions in oxygen availability (hypoxia). Here we summarize the evidence pointing to a central role of hypoxia in PD, discuss the relation of hypoxia and oxygen dependence with pathological hallmarks of PD, including mitochondrial dysfunction, dopaminergic vulnerability, and alpha-synuclein-related pathology, and highlight the link with cellular and systemic oxygen sensing. We describe cases suggesting that hypoxia may trigger Parkinsonian symptoms but also emphasize that the endogenous systems that protect from hypoxia can be harnessed to protect from PD. Finally, we provide examples of preclinical and clinical research substantiating this potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Yves Duderstadt
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Sports Science, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hannes Gatterer
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy;
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Roman Vozdek
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Via Alessandro Volta 21, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (R.V.); (A.A.H.)
| | - Grégoire P. Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Andrew A. Hicks
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Via Alessandro Volta 21, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (R.V.); (A.A.H.)
| | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37075 Goettingen, Germany;
- Experimental Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martin Kopp
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.B.); (M.K.)
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Burtscher J, Citherlet T, Camacho-Cardenosa A, Camacho-Cardenosa M, Raberin A, Krumm B, Hohenauer E, Egg M, Lichtblau M, Müller J, Rybnikova EA, Gatterer H, Debevec T, Baillieul S, Manferdelli G, Behrendt T, Schega L, Ehrenreich H, Millet GP, Gassmann M, Schwarzer C, Glazachev O, Girard O, Lalande S, Hamlin M, Samaja M, Hüfner K, Burtscher M, Panza G, Mallet RT. Mechanisms underlying the health benefits of intermittent hypoxia conditioning. J Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37860950 DOI: 10.1113/jp285230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is commonly associated with pathological conditions, particularly obstructive sleep apnoea. However, IH is also increasingly used to enhance health and performance and is emerging as a potent non-pharmacological intervention against numerous diseases. Whether IH is detrimental or beneficial for health is largely determined by the intensity, duration, number and frequency of the hypoxic exposures and by the specific responses they engender. Adaptive responses to hypoxia protect from future hypoxic or ischaemic insults, improve cellular resilience and functions, and boost mental and physical performance. The cellular and systemic mechanisms producing these benefits are highly complex, and the failure of different components can shift long-term adaptation to maladaptation and the development of pathologies. Rather than discussing in detail the well-characterized individual responses and adaptations to IH, we here aim to summarize and integrate hypoxia-activated mechanisms into a holistic picture of the body's adaptive responses to hypoxia and specifically IH, and demonstrate how these mechanisms might be mobilized for their health benefits while minimizing the risks of hypoxia exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tom Citherlet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alba Camacho-Cardenosa
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Marta Camacho-Cardenosa
- Clinical Management Unit of Endocrinology and Nutrition - GC17, Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antoine Raberin
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bastien Krumm
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Erich Hohenauer
- Rehabilitation and Exercise Science Laboratory (RES lab), Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Landquart, Switzerland
- International University of Applied Sciences THIM, Landquart, Switzerland
- Department of Neurosciences and Movement Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Margit Egg
- Institute of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mona Lichtblau
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julian Müller
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elena A Rybnikova
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Hannes Gatterer
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
- Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism (ISAG), UMIT TIROL-Private University for Health Sciences and Health Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Tadej Debevec
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Automatics, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sebastien Baillieul
- Service Universitaire de Pneumologie Physiologie, University of Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Tom Behrendt
- Chair Health and Physical Activity, Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Schega
- Chair Health and Physical Activity, Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience, University Medical Center and Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Lima, Peru
| | - Christoph Schwarzer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Oleg Glazachev
- Department of Normal Physiology, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olivier Girard
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sophie Lalande
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Michael Hamlin
- Department of Tourism, Sport and Society, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Michele Samaja
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Katharina Hüfner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, University Hospital for Psychiatry II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gino Panza
- The Department of Health Care Sciences, Program of Occupational Therapy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center Detroit, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Robert T Mallet
- Department of Physiology & Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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Alam MR, Singh S. Neuromodulation in Parkinson's disease targeting opioid and cannabinoid receptors, understanding the role of NLRP3 pathway: a novel therapeutic approach. Inflammopharmacology 2023:10.1007/s10787-023-01259-0. [PMID: 37318694 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01259-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, resulting in motor and non-motor symptoms. Although levodopa is the primary medication for PD, its long-term use is associated with complications such as dyskinesia and drug resistance, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches. Recent research has highlighted the potential of targeting opioid and cannabinoid receptors as innovative strategies for PD treatment. Modulating opioid transmission, particularly through activating µ (MOR) and δ (DOR) receptors while inhibiting κ (KOR) receptors, shows promise in preventing motor complications and reducing L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Opioids also possess neuroprotective properties and play a role in neuroprotection and seizure control. Similar to this, endocannabinoid signalling via CB1 and CB2 receptors influences the basal ganglia and may contribute to PD pathophysiology, making it a potential therapeutic target. In addition to opioid and cannabinoid receptor targeting, the NLRP3 pathway, implicated in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, emerges as another potential therapeutic avenue for PD. Recent studies suggest that targeting this pathway holds promise as a therapeutic strategy for PD management. This comprehensive review focuses on neuromodulation and novel therapeutic approaches for PD, specifically highlighting the targeting of opioid and cannabinoid receptors and the NLRP3 pathway. A better understanding of these mechanisms has the potential to enhance the quality of life for PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Reyaz Alam
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
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δ-Opioid Receptor Activation Inhibits Ferroptosis by Activating the Nrf2 Pathway in MPTP-Induced Parkinson Disease Models. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:4130937. [PMID: 36818224 PMCID: PMC9937764 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4130937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Recent studies suggest the involvement of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD). δ-Opioid receptors (DORs) have neuroprotective effects in PD. It is not known whether the neuroprotective effects of DORs in PD are attributable to the inhibition of ferroptosis. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of DORs in ferroptosis in MPTP-induced PD models. Methods To identify the influence of DORs on ferroptosis in MPTP-induced PD models, we measured the malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) levels, analyzed the levels of ferroptosis-related proteins (GXP4 and SLC7a11) and Nrf2 expression by using western blotting, and assessed mitochondrial dysfunction by using JC-1 staining and transmission electron microscopy. Results DOR activation reduced the 4-HNE and MDA levels, increased the GXP4 and SLC7a11 levels, and ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction in MPTP-induced PD models. These neuroprotective effects of DORs could be blocked by Nrf2-siRNA. Thus, the effects of DORs on ferroptosis in PD models were partially controlled by Nrf2, which regulated GXP4 and SLC7a11 synthesis. Conclusion DORs exert neuroprotective effects in PD models by inhibiting ferroptosis partially via activating the Nrf2 pathway.
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Wang YF, Wang YD, Gao S, Sun W. Implications of p53 in mitochondrial dysfunction and Parkinson's disease. Int J Neurosci 2022:1-12. [PMID: 36514978 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2158824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To study the underlying molecular mechanisms of p53 in the mitochondrial dysfunction and the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), and provide a potential therapeutic target for PD treatment.Methods: We review the contributions of p53 to mitochondrial changes leading to apoptosis and the subsequent degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in PD.Results: P53 is a multifunctional protein implicated in the regulation of diverse cellular processes via transcription-dependent and transcription-independent mechanisms. Mitochondria are vital subcellular organelles for that maintain cellular function, and mitochondrial defect and impairment are primary causes of dopaminergic neuron degeneration in PD. Increasing evidence has revealed that mitochondrial dysfunction-associated dopaminergic neuron degeneration is tightly regulated by p53 in PD pathogenesis. Neurodegenerative stress triggers p53 activation, which induces mitochondrial changes, including transmembrane permeability, reactive oxygen species production, Ca2+ overload, electron transport chain defects and other dynamic alterations, and these changes contribute to neurodegeneration and are linked closely with PD occurrence and development. P53 inhibition has been shown to attenuate mitochondrial dysfunction and protect dopaminergic neurons from degeneration under conditions of neurodegenerative stress.Conclusions: p53 appears to be a potential target for neuroprotective therapy of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Sami Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying-Di Wang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Jilin Province, Chang Chun, China
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tumor Hospital of Jilin Province, Chang Chun, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Sami Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
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Li G, Liu J, Guo M, Gu Y, Guan Y, Shao Q, Ma W, Ji X. Chronic hypoxia leads to cognitive impairment by promoting HIF-2α-mediated ceramide catabolism and alpha-synuclein hyperphosphorylation. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:473. [PMID: 36450714 PMCID: PMC9712431 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01260-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia leads to irreversible cognitive impairment, primarily due to hippocampal neurodegeneration, for which the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. We administered hypoxia (13%) to C57BL mice for 1-14 days in this study. Chronic hypoxia for 7 or 14 d, but not 1 or 3 d, resulted in alpha-synuclein hyperphosphorylation at serine129 (α-Syn p-S129) and protein aggregation, hippocampal neurodegeneration, and cognitive deficits, whereas the latter could be prevented by alpha-synuclein knockdown or an administered short peptide competing at α-Syn S129. These results suggest that α-Syn p-S129 mediates hippocampal degeneration and cognitive impairment following chronic hypoxia. Furthermore, we found that chronic hypoxia enhanced ceramide catabolism by inducing hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2α and HIF-2α-dependent transcriptional activation of alkaline ceramidase 2 (Acer2). Thus, the enzymatic activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a specific phosphatase for α-syn, is inhibited, leading to the sustained induction of α-Syn p-S129. Finally, we found that intermittent hypoxic preconditioning protected against subsequent chronic hypoxia-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment by preventing α-Syn p-S129. These results proved the critical role of α-syn pathology in chronic hypoxia-afforded cognitive impairment and revealed a novel mechanism underlying α-syn hyperphosphorylation during chronic hypoxia. The findings bear implications in developing novel therapeutic interventions for chronic hypoxia-related brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaifen Li
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China ,grid.413259.80000 0004 0632 3337Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyuan Guo
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yakun Gu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuying Guan
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China ,grid.413259.80000 0004 0632 3337Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Shao
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Ma
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China ,grid.413259.80000 0004 0632 3337Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Guo M, Ji X, Liu J. Hypoxia and Alpha-Synuclein: Inextricable Link Underlying the Pathologic Progression of Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:919343. [PMID: 35959288 PMCID: PMC9360429 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.919343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease, with typical motor symptoms as the main clinical manifestations. At present, there are about 10 million patients with PD in the world, and its comorbidities and complications are numerous and incurable. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore the pathogenesis of PD and find possible therapeutic targets. Because the etiology of PD is complex, involving genes, environment, and aging, finding common factors is the key to identifying intervention targets. Hypoxia is ubiquitous in the natural environment and disease states, and it is considered to be closely related to the etiology of PD. Despite research showing that hypoxia increases the expression and aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn), the most important pathogenic protein, there is still a lack of systematic studies on the role of hypoxia in α-syn pathology and PD pathogenesis. Considering that hypoxia is inextricably linked with various causes of PD, hypoxia may be a co-participant in many aspects of the PD pathologic process. In this review, we describe the risk factors for PD, and we discuss the possible role of hypoxia in inducing PD pathology by these risk factors. Furthermore, we attribute the pathological changes caused by PD etiology to oxygen uptake disorder and oxygen utilization disorder, thus emphasizing the possibility of hypoxia as a critical link in initiating or promoting α-syn pathology and PD pathogenesis. Our study provides novel insight for exploring the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Guo
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Xunming Ji
| | - Jia Liu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jia Liu
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Association of p53 with Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease. PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 2022:6600944. [PMID: 35601652 PMCID: PMC9117072 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6600944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
p53 is a vital transcriptional protein implicated in regulating diverse cellular processes, including cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, mitochondrial metabolism, redox homeostasis, autophagy, senescence, and apoptosis. Recent studies have revealed that p53 levels and activity are substantially increased in affected neurons in cellular and animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) as well as in the brains of PD patients. p53 activation in response to neurodegenerative stress is closely associated with the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, abnormal protein aggregation, and impairment of autophagy, and these pathogenic events have been implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. Pathogenic p53 integrates diverse cellular stresses and activate these downstream events to induce the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons; thus, it plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PD and appears to be a potential target for the treatment of the disease. We reviewed the current knowledge concerning p53-dependent neurodegeneration to better understand the underlying mechanisms and provide possible strategies for PD treatment by targeting p53.
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Loss of Corticostriatal Mu-Opioid Receptors in α-Synuclein Transgenic Mouse Brains. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12010063. [PMID: 35054456 PMCID: PMC8781165 DOI: 10.3390/life12010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ultrastructural, neurochemical, and molecular alterations within the striatum are associated with the onset and progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In PD, the dopamine-containing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) degenerate and reduce dopamine-containing innervations to the striatum. The loss of striatal dopamine is associated with enhanced corticostriatal glutamatergic plasticity at the early stages of PD. However, with disease progression, the glutamatergic corticostriatal white matter tracts (WMTs) also degenerate. We analyzed the levels of Mu opioid receptors (MORs) in the corticostriatal WMTs, as a function of α-Synuclein (α-Syn) toxicity in transgenic mouse brains. Our data show an age-dependent loss of MOR expression levels in the striatum and specifically, within the caudal striatal WMTs in α-Syn tg mouse brains. The loss of MOR expression is associated with degeneration of the myelinated axons that are localized within the corticostriatal WMTs. In brains affected with late stages of PD, we detect evidence confirming the degeneration of myelinated axons within the corticostriatal WMTs. We conclude that loss of corticostriatal MOR expression is associated with degeneration of corticostriatal WMT in α-Syn tg mice, modeling PD.
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Burtscher J, Syed MMK, Keller MA, Lashuel HA, Millet GP. Fatal attraction - The role of hypoxia when alpha-synuclein gets intimate with mitochondria. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 107:128-141. [PMID: 34428721 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein aggregation and mitochondrial dysfunction are main pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD) and several other neurodegenerative diseases, collectively known as synucleinopathies. However, increasing evidence suggests that they may not be sufficient to cause PD. Here we propose the role of hypoxia as a missing link that connects the complex interplay between alpha-synuclein biochemistry and pathology, mitochondrial dysfunctions and neurodegeneration in PD. We review the partly conflicting literature on alpha-synuclein binding to membranes and mitochondria and its impact on mitochondrial functions. From there, we focus on adverse changes in cellular environments, revolving around hypoxic stress, that may trigger or facilitate PD progression. Inter-dependent structural re-arrangements of mitochondrial membranes, including increased cytoplasmic exposure of mitochondrial cardiolipins and changes in alpha-synuclein localization and conformation are discussed consequences of such conditions. Enhancing cellular resilience could be an integral part of future combination-based therapies of PD. This may be achieved by boosting the capacity of cellular and specifically mitochondrial processes to regulate and adapt to altered proteostasis, redox, and inflammatory conditions and by inducing protective molecular and tissue re-modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Muhammed Muazzam Kamil Syed
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Markus A Keller
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hilal A Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Burtscher J, Mallet RT, Burtscher M, Millet GP. Hypoxia and brain aging: Neurodegeneration or neuroprotection? Ageing Res Rev 2021; 68:101343. [PMID: 33862277 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The absolute reliance of the mammalian brain on oxygen to generate ATP renders it acutely vulnerable to hypoxia, whether at high altitude or in clinical settings of anemia or pulmonary disease. Hypoxia is pivotal to the pathogeneses of myriad neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and other age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Conversely, reduced environmental oxygen, e.g. sojourns or residing at high altitudes, may impart favorable effects on aging and mortality. Moreover, controlled hypoxia exposure may represent a treatment strategy for age-related neurological disorders. This review discusses evidence of hypoxia's beneficial vs. detrimental impacts on the aging brain and the molecular mechanisms that mediate these divergent effects. It draws upon an extensive literature search on the effects of hypoxia/altitude on brain aging, and detailed analysis of all identified studies directly comparing brain responses to hypoxia in young vs. aged humans or rodents. Special attention is directed toward the risks vs. benefits of hypoxia exposure to the elderly, and potential therapeutic applications of hypoxia for neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, important questions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Robert T Mallet
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Burtscher J, Syed MMK, Lashuel HA, Millet GP. Hypoxia Conditioning as a Promising Therapeutic Target in Parkinson's Disease? Mov Disord 2021; 36:857-861. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.28544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Muhammed Muazzam Kamil Syed
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration Brain Mind Institute, EPFL Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Hilal A. Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration Brain Mind Institute, EPFL Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Grégoire P. Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
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13
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A Rationale for Hypoxic and Chemical Conditioning in Huntington's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020582. [PMID: 33430140 PMCID: PMC7826574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by adverse cellular environments and pathological alterations causing neurodegeneration in distinct brain regions. This development is triggered or facilitated by conditions such as hypoxia, ischemia or inflammation and is associated with disruptions of fundamental cellular functions, including metabolic and ion homeostasis. Targeting intracellular downstream consequences to specifically reverse these pathological changes proved difficult to translate to clinical settings. Here, we discuss the potential of more holistic approaches with the purpose to re-establish a healthy cellular environment and to promote cellular resilience. We review the involvement of important molecular pathways (e.g., the sphingosine, δ-opioid receptor or N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor pathways) in neuroprotective hypoxic conditioning effects and how these pathways can be targeted for chemical conditioning. Despite the present scarcity of knowledge on the efficacy of such approaches in neurodegeneration, the specific characteristics of Huntington’s disease may make it particularly amenable for such conditioning techniques. Not only do classical features of neurodegenerative diseases like mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation support this assumption, but also specific Huntington’s disease characteristics: a relatively young age of neurodegeneration, molecular overlap of related pathologies with hypoxic adaptations and sensitivity to brain hypoxia. The aim of this review is to discuss several molecular pathways in relation to hypoxic adaptations that have potential as drug targets in neurodegenerative diseases. We will extract the relevance for Huntington’s disease from this knowledge base.
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Xu Y, Zhi F, Mao J, Peng Y, Shao N, Balboni G, Yang Y, Xia Y. δ-opioid receptor activation protects against Parkinson's disease-related mitochondrial dysfunction by enhancing PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:25035-25059. [PMID: 33197884 PMCID: PMC7803568 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that the δ-opioid receptor (DOR) is an important neuroprotector via the regulation of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), a mitochondria-related molecule, under hypoxic and MPP+ insults. Since mitochondrial dysfunctions are observed in both hypoxia and MPP+ insults, this study further investigated whether DOR is cytoprotective against these insults by targeting mitochondria. Through comparing DOR-induced responses to hypoxia versus MPP+-induced parkinsonian insult in PC12 cells, we found that both hypoxia and MPP+ caused a collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential and severe mitochondrial dysfunction. In sharp contrast to its inappreciable effect on mitochondria in hypoxic conditions, DOR activation with UFP-512, a specific agonist, significantly attenuated the MPP+-induced mitochondrial injury. Mechanistically, DOR activation effectively upregulated PINK1 expression and promoted Parkin's mitochondrial translocation and modification, thus enhancing the PINK1-Parkin mediated mitophagy. Either PINK1 knockdown or DOR knockdown largely interfered with the DOR-mediated mitoprotection in MPP+ conditions. Moreover, there was a major difference between hypoxia versus MPP+ in terms of the regulation of mitophagy with hypoxia-induced mitophagy being independent from DOR-PINK1 signaling. Taken together, our novel data suggest that DOR activation is neuroprotective against parkinsonian injury by specifically promoting mitophagy in a PINK1-dependent pathway and thus attenuating mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Modern Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Modern Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahao Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Modern Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Naiyuan Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gianfranco Balboni
- Department of Life and Environment Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Yilin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Modern Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Xia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Stress-induced p53 drives BAG5 cochaperone expression to control α-synuclein aggregation in Parkinson's disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:20702-20727. [PMID: 33085644 PMCID: PMC7655153 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder with the pathological hallmark of α-synuclein aggregation. Dysregulation of α-synuclein homeostasis caused by aging, genetic, and environmental factors underlies the pathogenesis of PD. While chaperones are essential for proteostasis, whether modulation of cochaperones may participate in PD formation has not been fully characterized. Here, we assessed the expression of several HSP70- and HSP90-related factors under various stresses and found that BAG5 expression is distinctively elevated in etoposide- or H2O2-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Stress-induced p53 binds to the BAG5 promoter directly to stimulate BAG5. Induced BAG5 binds α-synuclein and HSP70 in both cell cultures and brain lysates from PD patients. Overexpressed BAG5 may result in the loss of its ability to promote HSP70. Importantly, α-synuclein aggregation in SH-SY5Y cells requires BAG5. BAG5 expression is also detected in transgenic SNCA mutant mice and in PD patients. Together, our data reveal stress-induced p53-BAG5-HSP70 regulation that provides a potential therapeutic angle for PD.
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Leem YH, Park JS, Park JE, Kim DY, Kang JL, Kim HS. Papaverine inhibits α-synuclein aggregation by modulating neuroinflammation and matrix metalloproteinase-3 expression in the subacute MPTP/P mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Krokidis MG, D’Errico M, Pascucci B, Parlanti E, Masi A, Ferreri C, Chatgilialoglu C. Oxygen-Dependent Accumulation of Purine DNA Lesions in Cockayne Syndrome Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071671. [PMID: 32664519 PMCID: PMC7407219 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cockayne Syndrome (CS) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative premature aging disorder associated with defects in nucleotide excision repair (NER). Cells from CS patients, with mutations in CSA or CSB genes, present elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and are defective in the repair of a variety of oxidatively generated DNA lesions. In this study, six purine lesions were ascertained in wild type (wt) CSA, defective CSA, wtCSB and defective CSB-transformed fibroblasts under different oxygen tensions (hyperoxic 21%, physioxic 5% and hypoxic 1%). In particular, the four 5′,8-cyclopurine (cPu) and the two 8-oxo-purine (8-oxo-Pu) lesions were accurately quantified by LC-MS/MS analysis using isotopomeric internal standards after an enzymatic digestion procedure. cPu levels were found comparable to 8-oxo-Pu in all cases (3–6 lesions/106 nucleotides), slightly increasing on going from hyperoxia to physioxia to hypoxia. Moreover, higher levels of four cPu were observed under hypoxia in both CSA and CSB-defective cells as compared to normal counterparts, along with a significant enhancement of 8-oxo-Pu. These findings revealed that exposure to different oxygen tensions induced oxidative DNA damage in CS cells, repairable by NER or base excision repair (BER) pathways. In NER-defective CS patients, these results support the hypothesis that the clinical neurological features might be connected to the accumulation of cPu. Moreover, the elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria in CS cells is associated with a reduction in the oxidative DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios G. Krokidis
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.K.); (A.M.); (C.F.)
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, N.C.S.R. “Demokritos”, 15310 Agia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, Greece
| | - Mariarosaria D’Errico
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.D.); (B.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Barbara Pascucci
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.D.); (B.P.); (E.P.)
- Institute of Crystallography, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monterotondo Stazione, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Parlanti
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.D.); (B.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Annalisa Masi
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.K.); (A.M.); (C.F.)
- Institute of Crystallography, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monterotondo Stazione, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Ferreri
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.K.); (A.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Chryssostomos Chatgilialoglu
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.K.); (A.M.); (C.F.)
- Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-639-8309
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Ferreira C, Almeida C, Tenreiro S, Quintas A. Neuroprotection or Neurotoxicity of Illicit Drugs on Parkinson's Disease. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10060086. [PMID: 32545328 PMCID: PMC7344445 DOI: 10.3390/life10060086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is currently the most rapid growing neurodegenerative disease and over the past generation, its global burden has more than doubled. The onset of PD can arise due to environmental, sporadic or genetic factors. Nevertheless, most PD cases have an unknown etiology. Chemicals, such as the anthropogenic pollutant 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and amphetamine-type stimulants, have been associated with the onset of PD. Conversely, cannabinoids have been associated with the treatment of the symptoms'. PD and medical cannabis is currently under the spotlight, and research to find its benefits on PD is on-going worldwide. However, the described clinical applications and safety of pharmacotherapy with cannabis products are yet to be fully supported by scientific evidence. Furthermore, the novel psychoactive substances are currently a popular alternative to classical drugs of abuse, representing an unknown health hazard for young adults who may develop PD later in their lifetime. This review addresses the neurotoxic and neuroprotective impact of illicit substance consumption in PD, presenting clinical evidence and molecular and cellular mechanisms of this association. This research area is utterly important for contemporary society since illicit drugs' legalization is under discussion which may have consequences both for the onset of PD and for the treatment of its symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ferreira
- Molecular Pathology and Forensic Biochemistry Laboratory, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, P-2825-084 Caparica, Portugal; (C.F.); (C.A.)
- Laboratório de Ciências Forenses e Psicológicas Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário–Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, P-2825-084 Caparica, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of Porto University, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, P-4200–319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Almeida
- Molecular Pathology and Forensic Biochemistry Laboratory, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, P-2825-084 Caparica, Portugal; (C.F.); (C.A.)
| | - Sandra Tenreiro
- CEDOC–Chronic Diseases Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, P-1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Alexandre Quintas
- Molecular Pathology and Forensic Biochemistry Laboratory, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, P-2825-084 Caparica, Portugal; (C.F.); (C.A.)
- Laboratório de Ciências Forenses e Psicológicas Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário–Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, P-2825-084 Caparica, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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19
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Xu Y, Zhi F, Balboni G, Yang Y, Xia Y. Opposite Roles of δ- and μ-Opioid Receptors in BACE1 Regulation and Alzheimer's Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:88. [PMID: 32425755 PMCID: PMC7204847 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Substantial evidence for AD pathogenesis suggests that β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and γ-secretase enzyme initiate the amyloidogenic pathway and produces toxic Aβ peptides that prone to aggregate in the brain. Therefore, the inhibition of BACE1 expression and function is an attractive strategy for AD therapy. In the present work, we made the first finding that activating δ-opioid receptors (DOR) with a specific DOR agonist significantly attenuated BACE1 expression and activity in the highly differentiated PC12 cells with mimicked AD injury, while the application of DOR inhibitor naltrindole reversed the UFP-512 effects, and even caused a major increase in BACE1 expression and activity as well as Aβ42 production in physiological conditions. Knocking-down DOR also enhanced BACE1 protein expression and its activity for APP processing, associating with a significant increase in Aβ42 production. In sharp contrast, activation of μ-opioid receptor (MOR) with DAMGO greatly promoted BACE1 expression and activity with an acceleration of APP cleavage, thus contributing to increased Aβ42 production. DADLE, a less selective DOR agonist that may bind to MOR, had no stable inhibitory effect on BACE1. Similar results were also found in APP mutant (APPswe) SH-SY5Y cell line, providing further validation of the DOR action on BACE1 regulation. Our novel data demonstrated entirely different roles of DOR and MOR in the regulation of BACE1 expression and activity with DOR being neuroprotective against AD injury. These findings provided a novel clue for new strategies of AD therapy via targeting endogenous opioid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Modern Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhi
- Modern Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Gianfranco Balboni
- Department of Life and Environment Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Yilin Yang
- Modern Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Ying Xia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Luo F, Xu R, Song G, Lu H, He X, Xia Y. The δ-Opioid Receptor Differentially Regulates MAPKs and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines in Rat Kidney Epithelial Cells Under Hypoxia. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1572. [PMID: 32038276 PMCID: PMC6985288 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic injury is one of the most important factors in progressive kidney disorders. Since we have found that δ-opioid receptor (DOR) is neuroprotective against hypoxic stress through a differential regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and anti-inflammatory cytokines, we asked if DOR that is highly expressed in the kidney can modulate renal MAPKs and anti-inflammatory cytokines under hypoxia. We exposed cultured rat kidney epithelial cells (NRK-52E) to prolonged hypoxia (1% O2) with applications of specific DOR agonist or/and antagonist to examine if DOR affects hypoxia-induced changes in MAPKs and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The results showed that endogenous DOR expression remained unchanged under hypoxia, while DOR activation with UFP-512 (a specific DOR agonist) reversed the hypoxia-induced up-regulation of ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation. DOR inhibition with naltrindole had no appreciable effect on the hypoxia-induced changes in ERK1/2 phosphorylation, but increased p38 phosphorylation. DOR inhibition with naltrindole attenuated the effects of DOR activation on the changes in ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation in hypoxia. Moreover, DOR activation/inhibition differentially affected the expression of transcriptional repressor B-cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl-6), anti-inflammatory cytokines tristetraprolin (TTP), and interleukin-10 (IL-10). Taken together, our novel data suggest that DOR activation differentially regulates ERK1/2, p38, Bcl-6, TTP, and IL-10 in the renal cells under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengbao Luo
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Renfang Xu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Guanglai Song
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhou He
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ying Xia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Sun HL, Sun BL, Chen DW, Chen Y, Li WW, Xu MY, Shen YY, Xu ZQ, Wang YJ, Bu XL. Plasma α-synuclein levels are increased in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:788-794. [PMID: 31020003 PMCID: PMC6469340 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by nocturnal intermittent hypoxemia and can increase the risk of Parkinson's disease. This study aimed to investigate the association between plasma α‐synuclein levels and hypoxia in the patients with OSAS. Methods We recruited 42 OSAS patients and 46 controls with simple snoring matched for age and gender. OSAS was diagnosed on the basis of the clinical symptoms as well as the nighttime polysomnography. Plasma total α‐synuclein and phosphorylated α‐synuclein levels were measured by ELISA kits. Results The OSAS patients had significant higher levels of plasma total α‐synuclein and phosphorylated α‐synuclein levels. Both of the above indexes were positively correlated with the apnea–hypopnea index and the oxygen desaturation index, while they were negatively correlated with the mean and lowest oxyhemoglobin saturations. Interpretation This study suggests that chronic intermittent hypoxia can increase the α‐synuclein levels, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Lun Sun
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience Daping Hospital Third Military Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Bin-Lu Sun
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience Daping Hospital Third Military Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Dong-Wan Chen
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience Daping Hospital Third Military Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience Daping Hospital Third Military Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Wei-Wei Li
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience Daping Hospital Third Military Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Man-Yu Xu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience Daping Hospital Third Military Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Ying-Ying Shen
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience Daping Hospital Third Military Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Xu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience Daping Hospital Third Military Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience Daping Hospital Third Military Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Xian-Le Bu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience Daping Hospital Third Military Medical University Chongqing China
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δ-Opioid Receptor-Nrf-2-Mediated Inhibition of Inflammatory Cytokines in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:5229-5240. [PMID: 30560518 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1452-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) causes serious neurological disability; there are, however, currently few promising therapies for it. We have recently shown that δ-opioid receptor (DOR) is neuroprotective by downregulating TNF-α. Since hypoxia-ischemia (HI) triggers a robust inflammatory response, which exacerbates HI brain damage, we investigated, in this study, whether DOR activation could regulate inflammatory cytokine expression, thereby playing a protective effect on the neonatal brain under HI. Twenty-five neonatal rats were randomly divided into five groups: (1) control (control); (2) HI; (3) HI with saline (HI + NS); (4) DOR activation with UFP-512 (a potent and specific DOR agonist) under HI conditions (HI + U); and (5) DOR inhibition using NT treatment under HI conditions (HI + NT). The rats were sacrificed by decapitation at 24 h after HI, and their brains were rapidly removed for measurements. The protein expression of TNF-α, IL-6, ICAM-1, IL-10, IL-18, NQO-1, Nrf-2, and HO-1 was measured using Western blot. In the hemispheres exposed to HI, DOR activation significantly decreased the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, and ICAM-1 in the cortex, while it significantly increased IL-10 and had no effect on IL-18 in the same region. In contrast, DOR had no appreciable effect on inflammatory cytokine expression in non-cortical tissues including hippocampal, subcortical, and cerebellar tissues. Moreover, HI stress triggered an upregulation of Nrf-2 nuclear protein as well as some of its downstream anti-inflammatory genes such as HO-1 and NQO-1 in the cortex, while DOR activation further augmented such a protective reaction against HI injury. DOR plays an important role in protecting against HI by regulating the expression of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the cortex, which is likely mediated by the Nrf-2/HO-1/NQO-1 signaling.
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Huang J, Ren Y, Xu Y, Chen T, Xia TC, Li Z, Zhao J, Hua F, Sheng S, Xia Y. The delta-opioid receptor and Parkinson's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:1089-1099. [PMID: 30076686 PMCID: PMC6489828 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common degenerative neurological disease leading to a series of familial, medical, and social problems. Although it is known that the major characteristics of PD pathophysiology are the dysfunction of basal ganglia due to injury/loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic and exhaustion of corpus striatum dopamine, therapeutic modalities for PD are limited in clinical settings up to date. It is of utmost importance to better understand PD pathophysiology and explore new solutions for this serious neurodegenerative disorder. Our recent work and those of others suggest that the delta-opioid receptor (DOR) is neuroprotective and serves an antiparkinsonism role in the brain. This review summarizes recent progress in this field and explores potential mechanisms for DOR-mediated antiparkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin‐Zhong Huang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Yi Ren
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Yuan Xu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Tao Chen
- Hainan General HospitalHaikouHainanChina
| | | | - Zhuo‐Ri Li
- Hainan General HospitalHaikouHainanChina
| | | | - Fei Hua
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Shi‐Ying Sheng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Ying Xia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint FunctionFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Aeronautics and AstronauticsFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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δ-Opioid Receptor Activation Attenuates the Oligomer Formation Induced by Hypoxia and/or α-Synuclein Overexpression/Mutation Through Dual Signaling Pathways. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3463-3475. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1316-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Xu Y, Zhi F, Peng Y, Shao N, Khiati D, Balboni G, Yang Y, Xia Y. δ-Opioid Receptor Activation Attenuates Hypoxia/MPP +-Induced Downregulation of PINK1: a Novel Mechanism of Neuroprotection Against Parkinsonian Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:252-266. [PMID: 29687347 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1043-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is emerging evidence suggesting that neurotoxic insults and hypoxic/ischemic injury are underlying causes of Parkinson's disease (PD). Since PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) dysfunction is involved in the molecular genesis of PD and since our recent studies have demonstrated that the δ-opioid receptor (DOR) induced neuroprotection against hypoxic and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridimium (MPP+) insults, we sought to explore whether DOR protects neuronal cells from hypoxic and/or MPP+ injury via the regulation of PINK1-related pathways. Using highly differentiated rat PC12 cells exposed to either severe hypoxia (0.5-1% O2) for 24-48 h or varying concentrations of MPP+, we found that both hypoxic and MPP+ stress reduced the level of PINK1 expression, while incubation with the specific DOR agonist UFP-512 reversed this reduction and protected the cells from hypoxia and/or MPP+-induced injury. However, the DOR-mediated cytoprotection largely disappeared after knocking down PINK1 by PINK1 small interfering RNA. Moreover, we examined several important signaling molecules related to cell survival and apoptosis and found that DOR activation attenuated the hypoxic and/or MPP+-induced reduction in phosphorylated Akt and inhibited the activation of cleaved caspase-3, whereas PINK1 knockdown largely deprived the cell of the DOR-induced effects. Our novel data suggests a unique mechanism underlying DOR-mediated cytoprotection against hypoxic and MPP+ stress via a PINK1-mediated regulation of signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Modern Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Zhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Modern Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Naiyuan Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dhiaedin Khiati
- Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland - Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| | - Gianfranco Balboni
- Department of Life and Environment Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Yilin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China. .,Modern Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ying Xia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Nisitani S, Miyoshi H, Katsuoka Y. Extensive Delayed Brain Atrophy after Resuscitation in a Patient with Multiple System Atrophy. Front Neurol 2018; 8:754. [PMID: 29379469 PMCID: PMC5775520 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of multiple system atrophy (MSA) shows atrophy in the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem. It is also characterized by specific patterns such as hyperintense lateral putaminal rim. MRI of hypoxic encephalopathy shows atrophy mainly in the gray matter, and laminar necrosis in the cerebral cortex is often observed. Here, we report an MSA patient damaged by hypoxic insult and resuscitated after 18-min cardiac arrest. The brain of the patient developed severe atrophy within a period of 10 months. Furthermore, brain atrophy was observed in the white and gray matter, which preserved the brain atrophy pattern in MSA. We assume that alpha-synuclein oligomerization is involved in the neural cell death and brain atrophy. It might have caused further neural cell death in the brain damaged by hypoxia. Alpha-synuclein, which is involved in the pathogenesis of MSA, is suggested to be a prion. Misfolded alpha-synuclein may propagate through cell-to-cell transmission and cause wide pathological change, visible as atrophied MR imaging.
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DADLE enhances viability and anti-inflammatory effect of human MSCs subjected to ‘serum free’ apoptotic condition in part via the DOR/PI3K/AKT pathway. Life Sci 2017; 191:195-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Raina R, Sen D. Can crosstalk between DOR and PARP reduce oxidative stress mediated neurodegeneration? Neurochem Int 2017; 112:206-218. [PMID: 28739183 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The progressive loss of structure and function of neurons leads to neurodegenerative processes which become the causative reason for various neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD) etc. These diseases are multifactorial in nature but they have been seen to possess similar causative agents to a certain extent. Oxidative Stress (OS) has been identified as a major stressor and a mediator in most of these diseases. OS not only leads to the generation of free radical species but if persistent, can possibly lead to lipid peroxidation, protein damage, DNA damage, and cell death. Anti-oxidants are endogenously present in our body to tackle oxygen metabolites but their levels reduce greatly under continuous OS conditions. In such a case, dietary supplements to replenish the anti-oxidant levels in our body is a good way of treatment but it is very slow and may not be as effective in chronic stress conditions. Thus, there is a need for more effective mechanisms to attenuate OS. Two such mechanisms which can be considered are the activation of Delta opioid receptor (DOR) and Inhibition of Poly (ADP-ribose)-polymerase1 (PARP1), which have been suggested to protect neurons and increase neuronal cell survivability in both in-vitro and in-vivo disease models. Various signaling pathways have been highlighted to probably play a significant role in attenuating OS by the activation of DOR. It would be an interesting topic of investigation to see if one of the probable mechanisms by which DOR attenuates OS could be by modulation of PARP through a cascade of intracellular signaling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutika Raina
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dwaipayan Sen
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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29
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Alpha synuclein protein is involved in Aluminum-induced cell death and oxidative stress in PC12 cells. Brain Res 2016; 1635:153-60. [PMID: 26826584 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increased expression and aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) protein plays a critical role in mediating the toxic effects of a number of neurodegenerative substances including metals. Thus, knockdown expression of α-syn is proposed as a possible modality for treatment of Parkinson disease (PD). Aluminum (Al) is a neurotoxic metal that contributes to pathogenesis of PD. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of α-syn protein in mediating Al-induced toxicity in PC12 cells. Specific α-syn small interference RNA (siRNA) was applied to knockdown the expression of α-syn protein in PC12 cells. The effects of different concentrations of Al-maltolate (Almal) were then evaluated on cell viability and oxidative stress in the α-syn downregulated cells. The results showed that Almal dose dependently induced apoptosis and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase activity in PC12 cells. Downregulation of α-syn protein significantly increased cell viability and decreased oxidative markers in Almal-treated cells. These findings suggest that α-syn protein may mediate Al-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in PC12 cells.
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-seventh consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2014 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (endogenous opioids and receptors), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (pain and analgesia); stress and social status (human studies); tolerance and dependence (opioid mediation of other analgesic responses); learning and memory (stress and social status); eating and drinking (stress-induced analgesia); alcohol and drugs of abuse (emotional responses in opioid-mediated behaviors); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (opioid involvement in stress response regulation); mental illness and mood (tolerance and dependence); seizures and neurologic disorders (learning and memory); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (opiates and conditioned place preferences (CPP)); general activity and locomotion (eating and drinking); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (alcohol and drugs of abuse); cardiovascular responses (opiates and ethanol); respiration and thermoregulation (opiates and THC); and immunological responses (opiates and stimulants). This paper is the thirty-seventh consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2014 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (endogenous opioids and receptors), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (pain and analgesia); stress and social status (human studies); tolerance and dependence (opioid mediation of other analgesic responses); learning and memory (stress and social status); eating and drinking (stress-induced analgesia); alcohol and drugs of abuse (emotional responses in opioid-mediated behaviors); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (opioid involvement in stress response regulation); mental illness and mood (tolerance and dependence); seizures and neurologic disorders (learning and memory); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (opiates and conditioned place preferences (CPP)); general activity and locomotion (eating and drinking); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (alcohol and drugs of abuse); cardiovascular responses (opiates and ethanol); respiration and thermoregulation (opiates and THC); and immunological responses (opiates and stimulants).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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Cao S, Chao D, Zhou H, Balboni G, Xia Y. A novel mechanism for cytoprotection against hypoxic injury: δ-opioid receptor-mediated increase in Nrf2 translocation. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:1869-81. [PMID: 25439010 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hypoxia/reoxygenation induces synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which can attack macromolecules and cause brain injury. The transcription factor, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2, (Nrf2), ia potent activator of genes with an antioxidant responsive element and Nrf2 can counteract oxidative injury by increasing expression of several antioxidative genes in response to ROS stress. Here, we show that activation of the δ-opioid receptor (DOR) increasedNrf2 protein expression and translocation, thereby leading to cytoprotection. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used HEK293t cells exposed to 0.5% O2 for 16 h and then reoxygenated for 4 h as a model of hypoxia-reperfusion (H/R) injury. Real time PCR, Western blotting, siRNA and immunohistochemical techniques were used to follow Nrf2 expression and activity. Cell viability and damage (as LDH leakage) were also measured. KEY RESULTS H/R injury triggered Nrf2 translocation into the nucleus and up-regulated expression of several downstream genes, relevant to antioxidation, such as NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1). Incubation with the DOR agonist UFP-512 enhanced Nrf2 protein expression and translocation and up-regulated its downstream genes in normoxia and further increased Nrf2 expression and translocation after H/R, protecting the cells against loss of viability and damage. The effect of UFP-512 on Nrf2 nuclear translocation was blocked by the DOR antagonist, naltrindole. Also, DOR-mediated cytoprotection was strongly inhibited after transfection of HEK293t cells with Nrf2 siRNA. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The DOR agonist UFP-512 was cytoprotective against H/R injury and this effect was partly dependent on DOR-mediated increase in Nrf2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital and Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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