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Yu-Taeger L, El-Ayoubi A, Qi P, Danielyan L, Nguyen HHP. Intravenous MSC-Treatment Improves Impaired Brain Functions in the R6/2 Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease via Recovered Hepatic Pathological Changes. Cells 2024; 13:469. [PMID: 38534313 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD), a congenital neurodegenerative disorder, extends its pathological damages beyond the nervous system. The systematic manifestation of HD has been extensively described in numerous studies, including dysfunction in peripheral organs and peripheral inflammation. Gut dysbiosis and the gut-liver-brain axis have garnered greater emphasis in neurodegenerative research, and increased plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines have been identified in HD patients and various in vivo models, correlating with disease progression. In the present study, we investigated hepatic pathological markers in the liver of R6/2 mice which convey exon 1 of the human mutant huntingtin gene. Furthermore, we evaluated the impact of intravenously administered Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) on the liver enzymes, changes in hepatic inflammatory markers, as well as brain pathology and behavioral deficits in R6/2 mice. Our results revealed altered enzyme expression and increased levels of inflammatory mediators in the liver of R6/2 mice, which were significantly attenuated in the MSC-treated R6/2 mice. Remarkably, neuronal pathology and altered motor activities in the MSC-treated R6/2 mice were significantly ameliorated, despite the absence of MSCs in the postmortem brain. Our data highlight the importance of hepatic pathological changes in HD, providing a potential therapeutic approach. Moreover, the data open new perspectives for the search in blood biomarkers correlating with liver pathology in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Yu-Taeger
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University of Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ali El-Ayoubi
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University of Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Pengfei Qi
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University of Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Lusine Danielyan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Departments of Biochemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, and Neuroscience Laboratory, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Hoa Huu Phuc Nguyen
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University of Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
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2
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da Silva AV, Serrenho I, Araújo B, Carvalho AM, Baltazar G. Secretome as a Tool to Treat Neurological Conditions: Are We Ready? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16544. [PMID: 38003733 PMCID: PMC10671352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their characteristics, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered a potential therapy for brain tissue injury or degeneration. Nevertheless, despite the promising results observed, there has been a growing interest in the use of cell-free therapies in regenerative medicine, such as the use of stem cell secretome. This review provides an in-depth compilation of data regarding the secretome composition, protocols used for its preparation, as well as existing information on the impact of secretome administration on various brain conditions, pointing out gaps and highlighting relevant findings. Moreover, due to the ability of MSCs to respond differently depending on their microenvironment, preconditioning of MSCs has been used to modulate their composition and, consequently, their therapeutic potential. The different strategies used to modulate the MSC secretome were also reviewed. Although secretome administration was effective in improving functional impairments, regeneration, neuroprotection, and reducing inflammation in brain tissue, a high variability in secretome preparation and administration was identified, compromising the transposition of preclinical data to clinical studies. Indeed, there are no reports of the use of secretome in clinical trials. Despite the existing limitations and lack of clinical data, secretome administration is a potential tool for the treatment of various diseases that impact the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Valente da Silva
- Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Inês Serrenho
- Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC-UC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Araújo
- Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | | | - Graça Baltazar
- Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
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3
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Alizadeh R, Asghari A, Taghizadeh-Hesary F, Moradi S, Farhadi M, Mehdizadeh M, Simorgh S, Nourazarian A, Shademan B, Susanabadi A, Kamrava K. Intranasal delivery of stem cells labeled by nanoparticles in neurodegenerative disorders: Challenges and opportunities. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1915. [PMID: 37414546 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders occur through progressive loss of function or structure of neurons, with loss of sensation and cognition values. The lack of successful therapeutic approaches to solve neurologic disorders causes physical disability and paralysis and has a significant socioeconomic impact on patients. In recent years, nanocarriers and stem cells have attracted tremendous attention as a reliable approach to treating neurodegenerative disorders. In this regard, nanoparticle-based labeling combined with imaging technologies has enabled researchers to survey transplanted stem cells and fully understand their fate by monitoring their survival, migration, and differentiation. For the practical implementation of stem cell therapies in the clinical setting, it is necessary to accurately label and follow stem cells after administration. Several approaches to labeling and tracking stem cells using nanotechnology have been proposed as potential treatment strategies for neurological diseases. Considering the limitations of intravenous or direct stem cell administration, intranasal delivery of nanoparticle-labeled stem cells in neurological disorders is a new method of delivering stem cells to the central nervous system (CNS). This review describes the challenges and limitations of stem cell-based nanotechnology methods for labeling/tracking, intranasal delivery of cells, and cell fate regulation as theragnostic labeling. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafieh Alizadeh
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alimohamad Asghari
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salah Moradi
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farhadi
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mehdizadeh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Simorgh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Nourazarian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
| | - Behrouz Shademan
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Susanabadi
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Kamran Kamrava
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mendiratta M, Mendiratta M, Mohanty S, Sahoo RK, Prakash H. Breaking the graft-versus-host-disease barrier: Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells as precision healers. Int Rev Immunol 2023; 43:95-112. [PMID: 37639700 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2023.2252007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells (MSCs) are multipotent, non-hematopoietic progenitor cells with a wide range of immune modulation and regenerative potential which qualify them as a potential component of cell-based therapy for various autoimmune/chronic inflammatory ailments. Their immunomodulatory properties include the secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines, the ability to suppress T-cell activation and differentiation, and the induction of regulatory T-cells. Considering this and our interest, we here discuss the significance of MSC for the management of Graft-versus-Host-Disease (GvHD), one of the autoimmune manifestations in human. In pre-clinical models, MSCs have been shown to reduce the severity of GvHD symptoms, including skin and gut damage, which are the most common and debilitating manifestations of this disease. While initial clinical studies of MSCs in GvHD cases were promising, the results were variable in randomized studies. So, further studies are warranted to fully understand their potential benefits, safety profile, and optimal dosing regimens. Owing to these inevitable issues, here we discuss various mechanisms, and how MSCs can be employed in managing GvHD, as a cellular therapeutic approach for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Mendiratta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ranjit Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Hridayesh Prakash
- Amity Centre for Translational Research, Amity University, Noida, India
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Liang XS, Sun ZW, Thomas AM, Li S. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Huntington Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:1109967. [PMID: 37168444 PMCID: PMC10164866 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1109967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has been explored in Huntington disease (HD) as a potential therapeutic approach; however, a complete synthesis of these results is lacking. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of MSCs on HD. Method Eligible studies published before November 2022 were screened from Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, and Cochrane in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. ClinicalTrial.gov and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were also searched for registered clinical trials. The outcomes in rodent studies evaluated included morphological changes (striatal volume and ventricular volume), motor function (rotarod test, wire hang test, grip strength test, limb-clasping test, apomorphine-induced rotation test, and neuromuscular electromyography activity), cognition (Morris water maze test), and body weight. Result The initial search returned 362 records, of which 15 studies incorporating 346 HD rodents were eligible for meta-analysis. Larger striatal and smaller ventricular volumes were observed in MSC-treated animals compared to controls. MSCs transplanted before the occurrence of motor dysfunction rescued the motor incoordination of HD. Among different MSC sources, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were the most investigated cells and were effective in improving motor coordination. MSC therapy improved muscle strength, neuromuscular electromyography activity, cortex-related motor function, and striatum-related motor function, while cognition was not changed. The body weight of male HD rodents increased after MSC transplantation, while that of females was not affected. Conclusion Meta-analysis showed a positive effect of MSCs on HD rodents overall, as reflected in morphological changes, motor coordination, muscle strength, neuromuscular electromyography activity, cortex-related motor function, and striatum-related motor function, while cognition was not changed by MSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Song Liang
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Wu Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Aline M. Thomas
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shen Li
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Tesiye MR, Gol M, Fadardi MR, Kani SNM, Costa AM, Ghasemi-Kasman M, Biagini G. Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Epilepsy and Their Interaction with Antiseizure Medications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244129. [PMID: 36552892 PMCID: PMC9777461 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a life-threatening neurological disease that affects approximately 70 million people worldwide. Although the vast majority of patients may be successfully managed with currently used antiseizure medication (ASM), the search for alternative therapies is still necessary due to pharmacoresistance in about 30% of patients with epilepsy. Here, we review the effects of ASMs on stem cell treatment when they could be, as expected, co-administered. Indeed, it has been reported that ASMs produce significant effects on the differentiation and determination of stem cell fate. In addition, we discuss more recent findings on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in pre-clinical and clinical investigations. In this regard, their ability to differentiate into various cell types, reach damaged tissues and produce and release biologically active molecules with immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties make them a high-potential therapeutic tool to address neuroinflammation in different neurological disorders, including epilepsy. Overall, the characteristics of MSCs to be genetically engineered, in order to replace dysfunctional elements with the aim of restoring normal tissue functioning, suggested that these cells could be good candidates for the treatment of epilepsy refractory to ASMs. Further research is required to understand the potential of stem cell treatment in epileptic patients and its interaction with ASMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rahimi Tesiye
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19839-69411, Iran
| | - Mohammad Gol
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- PhD School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Anna-Maria Costa
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Maryam Ghasemi-Kasman
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 47176-47745, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 47176-47745, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.G.-K.); (G.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Biagini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.G.-K.); (G.B.)
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Kuppa SS, Kim HK, Kang JY, Lee SC, Seon JK. Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Paracrine Mediators in Macrophage Polarization: An Approach to Reduce Inflammation in Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13016. [PMID: 36361805 PMCID: PMC9658630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a low-grade inflammatory disorder of the joints that causes deterioration of the cartilage, bone remodeling, formation of osteophytes, meniscal damage, and synovial inflammation (synovitis). The synovium is the primary site of inflammation in OA and is frequently characterized by hyperplasia of the synovial lining and infiltration of inflammatory cells, primarily macrophages. Macrophages play a crucial role in the early inflammatory response through the production of several inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and proteinases. These pro-inflammatory mediators are activators of numerous signaling pathways that trigger other cytokines to further recruit more macrophages to the joint, ultimately leading to pain and disease progression. Very few therapeutic alternatives are available for treating inflammation in OA due to the condition's low self-healing capacity and the lack of clear diagnostic biomarkers. In this review, we opted to explore the immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their paracrine mediators-dependent as a therapeutic intervention for OA, with a primary focus on the practicality of polarizing macrophages as suppression of M1 macrophages and enhancement of M2 macrophages can significantly reduce OA symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sree Samanvitha Kuppa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Center for Joint Disease of Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup 519-763, Korea
- Korea Biomedical Materials and Devices Innovation Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-757, Korea
| | - Hyung Keun Kim
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Center for Joint Disease of Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup 519-763, Korea
- Korea Biomedical Materials and Devices Innovation Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-757, Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Kang
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Center for Joint Disease of Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup 519-763, Korea
- Korea Biomedical Materials and Devices Innovation Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-757, Korea
| | - Seok Cheol Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Center for Joint Disease of Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup 519-763, Korea
- Korea Biomedical Materials and Devices Innovation Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-757, Korea
| | - Jong Keun Seon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Center for Joint Disease of Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup 519-763, Korea
- Korea Biomedical Materials and Devices Innovation Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-757, Korea
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Intranasal delivery of biotechnology-based therapeutics. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:103371. [PMID: 36174965 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biotechnology-based therapeutics include a wide range of products, such as recombinant hormones, stem cells, therapeutic enzymes, monoclonal antibodies, genes, vaccines, among others. The administration of these macromolecules has been studied via various routes. The nasal route is one of the promising routes of administration for biotechnology products owing to its easy delivery, the rich vascularity of the nasal mucosa, high absorption and targeted action. Several preclinical studies have been reported for nasal delivery of these products and many are at the clinical stage. This review focuses on biotechnology-based therapeutics administered via the intranasal route for treating various diseases.
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Rahbaran M, Zekiy AO, Bahramali M, Jahangir M, Mardasi M, Sakhaei D, Thangavelu L, Shomali N, Zamani M, Mohammadi A, Rahnama N. Therapeutic utility of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based approaches in chronic neurodegeneration: a glimpse into underlying mechanisms, current status, and prospects. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:56. [PMID: 35842587 PMCID: PMC9287902 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00359-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy has become an appreciated therapeutic approach in the context of neurodegenerative disease therapy. Accordingly, a myriad of studies in animal models and also some clinical trials have evinced the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of MSC transplantation in neurodegenerative conditions, most importantly in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington’s disease (HD). The MSC-mediated desired effect is mainly a result of secretion of immunomodulatory factors in association with release of various neurotrophic factors (NTFs), such as glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Thanks to the secretion of protein-degrading molecules, MSC therapy mainly brings about the degradation of pathogenic protein aggregates, which is a typical appearance of chronic neurodegenerative disease. Such molecules, in turn, diminish neuroinflammation and simultaneously enable neuroprotection, thereby alleviating disease pathological symptoms and leading to cognitive and functional recovery. Also, MSC differentiation into neural-like cells in vivo has partially been evidenced. Herein, we focus on the therapeutic merits of MSCs and also their derivative exosome as an innovative cell-free approach in AD, HD, PD, and ALS conditions. Also, we give a brief glimpse into novel approaches to potentiate MSC-induced therapeutic merits in such disorders, most importantly, administration of preconditioned MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddeseh Rahbaran
- Biotechnology Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Angelina Olegovna Zekiy
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Mahta Bahramali
- Biotechnology Department, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahsa Mardasi
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delaram Sakhaei
- School of Medicine, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Navid Shomali
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Zamani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Department of Neurology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Negin Rahnama
- Department of Internal Medicine and Health Services, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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Soares MBP, Gonçalves RGJ, Vasques JF, da Silva-Junior AJ, Gubert F, Santos GC, de Santana TA, Almeida Sampaio GL, Silva DN, Dominici M, Mendez-Otero R. Current Status of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells for Treatment of Neurological Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:883378. [PMID: 35782379 PMCID: PMC9244712 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.883378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders include a wide spectrum of clinical conditions affecting the central and peripheral nervous systems. For these conditions, which affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide, generally limited or no treatments are available, and cell-based therapies have been intensively investigated in preclinical and clinical studies. Among the available cell types, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been widely studied but as yet no cell-based treatment exists for neurological disease. We review current knowledge of the therapeutic potential of MSC-based therapies for neurological diseases, as well as possible mechanisms of action that may be explored to hasten the development of new and effective treatments. We also discuss the challenges for culture conditions, quality control, and the development of potency tests, aiming to generate more efficient cell therapy products for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena B. P. Soares
- Laboratório de Engenharia Tecidual e Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto SENAI de Sistemas Avançados de Saúde (CIMATEC ISI-SAS), Centro Universitário SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Renata G. J. Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa Redes de Pesquisa em Saúde no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana F. Vasques
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Almir J. da Silva-Junior
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa Redes de Pesquisa em Nanotecnologia no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gubert
- Programa Redes de Pesquisa em Saúde no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Girlaine Café Santos
- Laboratório de Engenharia Tecidual e Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto SENAI de Sistemas Avançados de Saúde (CIMATEC ISI-SAS), Centro Universitário SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Thaís Alves de Santana
- Laboratório de Engenharia Tecidual e Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto SENAI de Sistemas Avançados de Saúde (CIMATEC ISI-SAS), Centro Universitário SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Louise Almeida Sampaio
- Laboratório de Engenharia Tecidual e Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto SENAI de Sistemas Avançados de Saúde (CIMATEC ISI-SAS), Centro Universitário SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Massimo Dominici
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Division of Oncology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Modena, Italy
| | - Rosalia Mendez-Otero
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa Redes de Pesquisa em Saúde no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa Redes de Pesquisa em Nanotecnologia no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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11
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Heterogeneity of In Vitro Expanded Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Strategies to Improve Their Therapeutic Actions. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051112. [PMID: 35631698 PMCID: PMC9146397 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Beneficial properties of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have prompted their use in preclinical and clinical research. Accumulating evidence has been provided for the therapeutic effects of MSCs in several pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases, myocardial infarction, skin problems, liver disorders and cancer, among others. Although MSCs are found in multiple tissues, the number of MSCs is low, making in vitro expansion a required step before MSC application. However, culture-expanded MSCs exhibit notable differences in terms of cell morphology, physiology and function, which decisively contribute to MSC heterogeneity. The changes induced in MSCs during in vitro expansion may account for the variability in the results obtained in different MSC-based therapy studies, including those using MSCs as living drug delivery systems. This review dissects the different changes that occur in culture-expanded MSCs and how these modifications alter their therapeutic properties after transplantation. Furthermore, we discuss the current strategies developed to improve the beneficial effects of MSCs for successful clinical implementation, as well as potential therapeutic alternatives.
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12
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Li M, Jiang Y, Hou Q, Zhao Y, Zhong L, Fu X. Potential pre-activation strategies for improving therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells: current status and future prospects. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:146. [PMID: 35379361 PMCID: PMC8981790 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02822-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy has been considered as a promising approach targeting a variety of intractable diseases due to remarkable multiple effect of MSCs, such as multilineage differentiation, immunomodulatory property, and pro-regenerative capacity. However, poor engraftment, low survival rate of transplanted MSC, and impaired donor-MSC potency under host age/disease result in unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes. Enhancement strategies, including genetic manipulation, pre-activation, and modification of culture method, have been investigated to generate highly functional MSC, and approaches for MSC pre-activation are highlighted. In this review, we summarized the current approaches of MSC pre-activation and further classified, analysed the scientific principles and main characteristics of these manipulations, and described the pros and cons of individual pre-activation strategies. We also discuss the specialized tactics to solve the challenges in this promising field so that it improves MSC therapeutic functions to serve patients better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Li
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China. .,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China. .,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU051, Beijing, China.
| | - Yufeng Jiang
- Wound Repairing Department, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qian Hou
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China.,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU051, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Trauma Treatment Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Hainan Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Lingzhi Zhong
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China.,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU051, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China. .,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China. .,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU051, Beijing, China.
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13
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Li F, Zhang J, Yi K, Wang H, Wei H, Chan HF, Tao Y, Li M. Delivery of Stem Cell Secretome for Therapeutic Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:2009-2030. [PMID: 35285638 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Intensive studies on stem cell therapy reveal that benefits of stem cells attribute to the paracrine effects. Hence, direct delivery of stem cell secretome to the injured site shows the comparative therapeutic efficacy of living cells while avoiding the potential limitations. However, conventional systemic administration of stem cell secretome often leads to rapid clearance in vivo. Therefore, a variety of different biomaterials are developed for sustained and controllable delivery of stem cell secretome to improve therapeutic efficiency. In this review, we first introduce current approaches for the preparation and characterization of stem cell secretome as well as strategies to improve their therapeutic efficacy and production. The up-to-date delivery platforms are also summarized, including nanoparticles, injectable hydrogels, microneedles, and scaffold patches. Meanwhile, we discuss the underlying therapeutic mechanism of stem cell secretome for the treatment of various diseases. In the end, future opportunities and challenges are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfang Li
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jiabin Zhang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ke Yi
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hongyan Wei
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hon Fai Chan
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yu Tao
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, Guangzhou 510630, China
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14
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Alagesan S, Brady J, Byrnes D, Fandiño J, Masterson C, McCarthy S, Laffey J, O’Toole D. Enhancement strategies for mesenchymal stem cells and related therapies. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:75. [PMID: 35189962 PMCID: PMC8860135 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02747-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy, particularly mesenchymal stem/stromal (MSC) therapy, has been investigated for a wide variety of disease indications, particularly those with inflammatory pathologies. However, recently it has become evident that the MSC is far from a panacea. In this review we will look at current and future strategies that might overcome limitations in efficacy. Many of these take their inspiration from stem cell niche and the mechanism of MSC action in response to the injury microenvironment, or from previous gene therapy work which can now benefit from the added longevity and targeting ability of a live cell vector. We will also explore the nascent field of extracellular vesicle therapy and how we are already seeing enhancement protocols for this exciting new drug. These enhanced MSCs will lead the way in more difficult to treat diseases and restore potency where donors or manufacturing practicalities lead to diminished MSC effect.
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15
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Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Preconditioning: A New Strategy to Improve Neuroprotective Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042088. [PMID: 35216215 PMCID: PMC8878691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases represent one of the main causes of disability in human life. Consequently, investigating new strategies capable of improving the quality of life in neurological patients is necessary. For decades, researchers have been working to improve the efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) therapy based on MSCs’ regenerative and immunomodulatory properties and multilinear differentiation potential. Therefore, strategies such as MSCs preconditioning are useful to improve their application to restore damaged neuronal circuits following neurological insults. This review is focused on preconditioning MSCs therapy as a potential application to major neurological diseases. The aim of our work is to summarize both the in vitro and in vivo studies that demonstrate the efficacy of MSC preconditioning on neuronal regeneration and cell survival as a possible application to neurological damage.
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16
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Chen B, An J, Guo YS, Tang J, Zhao JJ, Zhang R, Yang H. Tetramethylpyrazine induces the release of BDNF from BM-MSCs through activation of the PI3K/AKT/CREB pathway. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:2429-2442. [PMID: 34374467 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Compelling evidences suggest that transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) can be therapeutically effective for central nervous system (CNS) injuries and neurodegenerative diseases. The therapeutic effect of BM-MSCs mainly attributes to their differentiation into neuron-like cells which replace injured and degenerative neurons. Importantly, the neurotrophic factors released from BM-MSCs can also rescue injured and degenerative neurons, which plays a biologically pivotal role in enhancing neuroregeneration and neurological functional recovery. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), the main bioactive ingredient extracted from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Chuanxiong, has been reported to promote the neuronal differentiation of BM-MSCs. This study aimed to investigate whether TMP regulates the release of neurotrophic factors from BM-MSCs. We examined the effect of TMP on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) released from BM-MSCs and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanism. Our results demonstrated that TMP at concentrations of lower than 200 μM increased the release of BDNF in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the effect of TMP on increasing the release of BDNF from BM-MSCs was blocked by inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) pathway. Therefore, we concluded that TMP could induce the release of BDNF from BM-MSCs through activation of the PI3K/AKT/CREB pathway, leading to the formation of neuroprotective and proneurogenic microenvironment. These findings suggest that TMP possesses novel therapeutic potential to promote neuroprotection and neurogenesis through improving the neurotrophic ability of BM-MSCs, which provides a promising nutritional prevention and treatment strategy for CNS injuries and neurodegenerative diseases via the transplantation of TMP-treated BM-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Translational Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing An
- Translational Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yun-Shan Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Tang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhao
- Translational Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Translational Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Translational Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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17
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Kim IK, Park JH, Kim B, Hwang KC, Song BW. Recent advances in stem cell therapy for neurodegenerative disease: Three dimensional tracing and its emerging use. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1215-1230. [PMID: 34630859 PMCID: PMC8474717 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i9.1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease is a brain disorder caused by the loss of structure and function of neurons that lowers the quality of human life. Apart from the limited potential for endogenous regeneration, stem cell-based therapies hold considerable promise for maintaining homeostatic tissue regeneration and enhancing plasticity. Despite many studies, there remains insufficient evidence for stem cell tracing and its correlation with endogenous neural cells in brain tissue with three-dimensional structures. Recent advancements in tissue optical clearing techniques have been developed to overcome the existing shortcomings of cross-sectional tissue analysis in thick and complex tissues. This review focuses on recent progress of stem cell treatments to improve neurodegenerative disease, and introduces tissue optical clearing techniques that can implement a three-dimensional image as a proof of concept. This review provides a more comprehensive understanding of stem cell tracing that will play an important role in evaluating therapeutic efficacy and cellular interrelationship for regeneration in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Kwon Kim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary’s Hospital, Incheon Metropolitan City 22711, South Korea
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangwon-do 25601, South Korea
| | - Jun-Hee Park
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary’s Hospital, Incheon Metropolitan City 22711, South Korea
| | - Bomi Kim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary’s Hospital, Incheon Metropolitan City 22711, South Korea
| | - Ki-Chul Hwang
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary’s Hospital, Incheon Metropolitan City 22711, South Korea
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangwon-do 25601, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Wook Song
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary’s Hospital, Incheon Metropolitan City 22711, South Korea
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangwon-do 25601, South Korea.
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18
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Moeinabadi-Bidgoli K, Babajani A, Yazdanpanah G, Farhadihosseinabadi B, Jamshidi E, Bahrami S, Niknejad H. Translational insights into stem cell preconditioning: From molecular mechanisms to preclinical applications. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112026. [PMID: 34411911 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapy (CBT) is a revolutionary approach for curing a variety of degenerative diseases. Stem cell-based regenerative medicine is a novel strategy for treating tissue damages regarding stem cells unique properties such as differentiation potential, paracrine impacts, and self-renewal ability. However, the current cell-based treatments encounter considerable challenges to be translated into clinical practice, including low cell survival, migration, and differentiation rate of transplanted stem cells. The poor stem cell therapy outcomes mainly originate from the unfavorable condition of damaged tissues for transplanted stem cells. The promising method of preconditioning improves cell resistance against the host environment's stress by imposing certain conditions similar to the harsh microenvironment of the damaged tissues on the transplanted stem cells. Various pharmacological, biological, and physical inducers are able to establish preconditioning. In addition to their known pharmacological effects on tissues and cells, these preconditioning agents improve cell biological aspects such as cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, migration, immunomodulation, paracrine impacts, and angiogenesis. This review focuses on different protocols and inducers of preconditioning along with underlying molecular mechanisms of their effects on stem cell behavior. Moreover, preclinical applications of preconditioned stem cells in various damaged organs such as heart, lung, brain, bone, cartilage, liver, and kidney are discussed with prospects of their translation into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Moeinabadi-Bidgoli
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhesam Babajani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Yazdanpanah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Elham Jamshidi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheyl Bahrami
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hassan Niknejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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19
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Extracellular vesicles isolated from mesenchymal stromal cells primed with neurotrophic factors and signaling modifiers as potential therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases. Curr Res Transl Med 2021; 69:103286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2021.103286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Beatriz M, Lopes C, Ribeiro ACS, Rego ACC. Revisiting cell and gene therapies in Huntington's disease. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:1744-1762. [PMID: 33881180 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative movement disorders, such as Huntington's disease (HD), share a progressive and relentless course with increasing motor disability, linked with neuropsychiatric impairment. These diseases exhibit diverse pathophysiological processes and are a topic of intense experimental and clinical research due to the lack of therapeutic options. Restorative therapies are promising approaches with the potential to restore brain circuits. However, there were less compelling results in the few clinical trials. In this review, we discuss cell replacement therapies applied to animal models and HD patients. We thoroughly describe the initial trials using fetal neural tissue transplantation and recent approaches based on alternative cell sources tested in several animal models. Stem cells were shown to generate the desired neuron phenotype and/or provide growth factors to the degenerating host cells. Besides, genetic approaches such as RNA interference and the CRISPR/Cas9 system have been studied in animal models and human-derived cells. New genetic manipulations have revealed the capability to control or counteract the effect of human gene mutations as described by the use of antisense oligonucleotides in a clinical trial. In HD, innovative strategies are at forefront of human testing and thus other brain genetic diseases may follow similar therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Beatriz
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra - Polo I, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Lopes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra - Polo I, Coimbra, Portugal.,IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra - Polo II, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Cristina Carvalho Rego
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra - Polo I, Coimbra, Portugal.,FMUC-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra - Polo III, Coimbra, Portugal
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21
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The preconditioning of lithium promotes mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy for the degenerated intervertebral disc via upregulating cellular ROS. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:239. [PMID: 33853670 PMCID: PMC8048279 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) is one of the most widely used candidate cell for intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration-related disease. However, the poor survival and low differentiation efficacy in stressed host microenvironment limit the therapeutic effects of ADSC-based therapy. The preconditioning has been found effective to boost the proliferation and the functioning of stem cells in varying pathological condition. Lithium is a common anti-depression drug and has been proved effective to enhance stem cell functioning. In this study, the effects of preconditioning using LiCl on the cellular behavior of ADSC was investigated, and specially in a degenerative IVD-like condition. Method The cellular toxicity on rat ADSC was assessed by detecting lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) production after treatment with a varying concentration of lithium chloride (LiCl). The proliferative capacity of ADSC was determined by detecting Ki67 expression and the relative cell number of ADSC. Then, the preconditioned ADSC was challenged by a degenerative IVD-like condition. And the cell viability as well as the nucleus pulpous (NP) cell differentiation efficacy of preconditioned ADSC was evaluated by detecting the major marker expression and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposit. The therapeutic effects of preconditioned ADSC were evaluated using an IVD degeneration rat model, and the NP morphology and ECM content were assessed. Results A concentration range of 1–10 mmol/L of LiCl was applied in the following study, since a higher concentration of LiCl causes a major cell death (about 40%). The relative cell number was similar between preconditioned groups and the control group after preconditioning. The Ki67 expression was elevated after preconditioning. Consistently, the preconditioned ADSC showed stronger proliferation capacity. Besides, the preconditioned groups exhibit higher expression of NP markers than the control group after NP cell induction. Moreover, the preconditioning of LiCl reduced the cell death and promoted ECM deposits, when challenged with a degenerative IVD-like culture. Mechanically, the preconditioning of LiCl induced an increased cellular reactive oxidative species (ROS) level and activation of ERK1/2, which was found closely related to the enhanced cell survival and ECM deposits after preconditioning. The treatment with preconditioned ADSC showed better therapeutic effects than control ADSC transplantation, with better NP preservation and ECM deposits. Conclusion These results suggest that the preconditioning with a medium level of LiCl boosts the cell proliferation and differentiation efficacy under a normal or hostile culture condition via the activation of cellular ROS/ERK axis. It is a promising pre-treatment of ADSC to promote the cell functioning and the following regenerative capacity, with superior therapeutic effects than untreated ADSC transplantation.
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22
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Chang C, Yan J, Yao Z, Zhang C, Li X, Mao H. Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Paracrine Signals and Their Delivery Strategies. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001689. [PMID: 33433956 PMCID: PMC7995150 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely studied as a versatile cell source for tissue regeneration and remodeling due to their potent bioactivity, which includes modulation of inflammation response, macrophage polarization toward proregenerative lineage, promotion of angiogenesis, and reduction in fibrosis. This review focuses on profiling the effects of paracrine signals of MSCs, commonly referred to as the secretome, and highlighting the various engineering approaches to tune the MSC secretome. Recent advances in biomaterials‐based therapeutic strategies for delivery of MSCs and MSC‐derived secretome in the form of extracellular vesicles are discussed, along with their advantages and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21205 USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21287 USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Jerry Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21205 USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21287 USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Zhicheng Yao
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21287 USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21287 USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program and Department of Neurological Sciences University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Hai‐Quan Mao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21205 USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21287 USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA
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23
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Ahani-Nahayati M, Shariati A, Mahmoodi M, Olegovna Zekiy A, Javidi K, Shamlou S, Mousakhani A, Zamani M, Hassanzadeh A. Stem cell in neurodegenerative disorders; an emerging strategy. Int J Dev Neurosci 2021; 81:291-311. [PMID: 33650716 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are a diversity of disorders, surrounding Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD), Huntington's diseases (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) accompanied by some other less common diseases generally characterized by either developed deterioration of central or peripheral nervous system structurally or functionally. Today, with the viewpoint of an increasingly aging society, the number of patients with neurodegenerative diseases and sociomedical burdens will spread intensely. During the last decade, stem cell technology has attracted great attention for treating neurodegenerative diseases worldwide because of its unique attributes. As acknowledged, there are several categories of stem cells being able to proliferate and differentiate into various cellular lineages, highlighting their significance in the context of regenerative medicine. In preclinical models, stem cell therapy using mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and neural progenitor or stem cells (NPCs or NSCs) along with pluripotent stem cells (PSCs)-derived neuronal cells could elicit desired therapeutic effects, enabling functional deficit rescue partially. Regardless of the noteworthy progress in our scientific awareness and understanding of stem cell biology, there still exist various challenges to defeat. In the present review, we provide a summary of the therapeutic potential of stem cells and discuss the current status and prospect of stem cell strategy in neurodegenerative diseases, in particular, AD, PD, ALS, and HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ahani-Nahayati
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Shariati
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Mahmoodi
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Angelina Olegovna Zekiy
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kamran Javidi
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.,Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Shamlou
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akbar Mousakhani
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Zamani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Ali Hassanzadeh
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Neurosciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Miceli V, Bulati M, Iannolo G, Zito G, Gallo A, Conaldi PG. Therapeutic Properties of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells: The Need of Cell Priming for Cell-Free Therapies in Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020763. [PMID: 33466583 PMCID: PMC7828743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells that support homeostasis during tissue regeneration. In the last decade, cell therapies based on the use of MSCs have emerged as a promising strategy in the field of regenerative medicine. Although these cells possess robust therapeutic properties that can be applied in the treatment of different diseases, variables in preclinical and clinical trials lead to inconsistent outcomes. MSC therapeutic effects result from the secretion of bioactive molecules affected by either local microenvironment or MSC culture conditions. Hence, MSC paracrine action is currently being explored in several clinical settings either using a conditioned medium (CM) or MSC-derived exosomes (EXOs), where these products modulate tissue responses in different types of injuries. In this scenario, MSC paracrine mechanisms provide a promising framework for enhancing MSC therapeutic benefits, where the composition of secretome can be modulated by priming of the MSCs. In this review, we examine the literature on the priming of MSCs as a tool to enhance their therapeutic properties applicable to the main processes involved in tissue regeneration, including the reduction of fibrosis, the immunomodulation, the stimulation of angiogenesis, and the stimulation of resident progenitor cells, thereby providing new insights for the therapeutic use of MSCs-derived products.
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25
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He L, Chen Z, Peng L, Tang B, Jiang H. Human stem cell models of polyglutamine diseases: Sources for disease models and cell therapy. Exp Neurol 2020; 337:113573. [PMID: 33347831 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are a group of neurodegenerative disorders involving expanded CAG repeats in pathogenic genes that are translated into extended polyQ tracts and lead to progressive neuronal degeneration in the affected brain. To date, there is no effective therapy for these diseases. Due to the complex pathologic mechanisms of these diseases, intensive research on the pathogenesis of their progression and potential treatment strategies is being conducted. However, animal models cannot recapitulate all aspects of neuronal degeneration. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs), can be used to study the pathological mechanisms of polyQ diseases, and the ability of autologous stem cell transplantation to treat these diseases. Differentiated PSCs, neuronal precursor cells/neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are valuable resources for preclinical and clinical cell transplantation therapies. Here, we discuss diverse stem cell models and their ability to generate neurons involved in polyQ diseases, such as medium spiny neurons (MSNs), cortical neurons, cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) and motor neurons. In addition, we discuss potential therapeutic approaches, including stem cell replacement therapy and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang He
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Linliu Peng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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26
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Haupt M, Zheng X, Kuang Y, Lieschke S, Janssen L, Bosche B, Jin F, Hein K, Kilic E, Venkataramani V, Hermann DM, Bähr M, Doeppner TR. Lithium modulates miR-1906 levels of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles contributing to poststroke neuroprotection by toll-like receptor 4 regulation. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 10:357-373. [PMID: 33146943 PMCID: PMC7900596 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium is neuroprotective in preclinical stroke models. In addition to that, poststroke neuroregeneration is stimulated upon transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Preconditioning of MSCs with lithium further enhances the neuroregenerative potential of MSCs, which act by secreting extracellular vesicles (EVs). The present work analyzed whether MSC preconditioning with lithium modifies EV secretion patterns, enhancing the therapeutic potential of such derived EVs (Li‐EVs) in comparison with EVs enriched from native MSCs. Indeed, Li‐EVs significantly enhanced the resistance of cultured astrocytes, microglia, and neurons against hypoxic injury when compared with controls and to native EV‐treated cells. Using a stroke mouse model, intravenous delivery of Li‐EVs increased neurological recovery and neuroregeneration for as long as 3 months in comparison with controls and EV‐treated mice, albeit the latter also showed significantly better behavioral test performance compared with controls. Preconditioning of MSCs with lithium also changed the secretion patterns for such EVs, modifying the contents of various miRNAs within these vesicles. As such, Li‐EVs displayed significantly increased levels of miR‐1906, which has been shown to be a new regulator of toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling. Li‐EVs reduced posthypoxic and postischemic TLR4 abundance, resulting in an inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) signaling pathway, decreased proteasomal activity, and declined both inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase‐2 expression, all of which culminated in reduced levels of poststroke cerebral inflammation. Conclusively, the present study demonstrates, for the first time, an enhanced therapeutic potential of Li‐EVs compared with native EVs, interfering with a novel signaling pathway that yields both acute neuroprotection and enhanced neurological recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Haupt
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Xuan Zheng
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Yaoyun Kuang
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Simone Lieschke
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Janssen
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Bert Bosche
- MediClin Clinic Reichshof, Department of Neurocritical Care, First Stage Rehabilitation and Weaning, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fengyan Jin
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Katharina Hein
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ertugrul Kilic
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vivek Venkataramani
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Thorsten R Doeppner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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27
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Barros I, Marcelo A, Silva TP, Barata J, Rufino-Ramos D, Pereira de Almeida L, Miranda CO. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells' Therapy for Polyglutamine Disorders: Where Do We Stand and Where Should We Go? Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:584277. [PMID: 33132851 PMCID: PMC7573388 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.584277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are a group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders caused by the expansion of the cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeat. This mutation encodes extended glutamine (Q) tract in the disease protein, resulting in the alteration of its conformation/physiological role and in the formation of toxic fragments/aggregates of the protein. This group of heterogeneous disorders shares common molecular mechanisms, which opens the possibility to develop a pan therapeutic approach. Vast efforts have been made to develop strategies to alleviate disease symptoms. Nonetheless, there is still no therapy that can cure or effectively delay disease progression of any of these disorders. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are promising tools for the treatment of polyQ disorders, promoting protection, tissue regeneration, and/or modulation of the immune system in animal models. Accordingly, data collected from clinical trials have so far demonstrated that transplantation of MSC is safe and delays the progression of some polyQ disorders for some time. However, to achieve sustained phenotypic amelioration in clinics, several treatments may be necessary. Therefore, efforts to develop new strategies to improve MSC's therapeutic outcomes have been emerging. In this review article, we discuss the current treatments and strategies used to reduce polyQ symptoms and major pre-clinical and clinical achievements obtained with MSC transplantation as well as remaining flaws that need to be overcome. The requirement to cross the blood-brain-barrier (BBB), together with a short rate of cell engraftment in the lesioned area and low survival of MSC in a pathophysiological context upon transplantation may contribute to the transient therapeutic effects. We also review methods like pre-conditioning or genetic engineering of MSC that can be used to increase MSC survival in vivo, cellular-free approaches-i.e., MSC-conditioned medium (CM) or MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a way of possibly replacing the use of MSC and methods required to standardize the potential of MSC/MSC-derived products. These are fundamental questions that need to be addressed to obtain maximum MSC performance in polyQ diseases and therefore increase clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Barros
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,III-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Adriana Marcelo
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa P Silva
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Barata
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - David Rufino-Ramos
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Viravector-Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina O Miranda
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,III-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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28
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Linares GR, Leng Y, Maric D, Chuang DM. Overexpression of fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) protects mesenchymal stem cells against caspase-dependent apoptosis induced by oxidative stress and inflammation. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:2163-2169. [PMID: 32557962 PMCID: PMC10848314 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The clinical application of stem cells offers great promise as a potential avenue for therapeutic use in neurodegenerative diseases. However, cell loss after transplantation remains a major challenge, which currently plagues the field. On the basis of our previous findings that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) protected neurons from glutamate excitotoxicity and that upregulation of FGF-21 in a rat model of ischemic stroke was associated with neuroprotection, we proposed that overexpression of FGF-21 protects bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from apoptosis. To test this hypothesis, we examined whether the detrimental effects of apoptosis can be mitigated by the transgenic overexpression of FGF-21 in MSCs. FGF-21 was transduced into MSCs by lentivirus and its overexpression was confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, FGF-21 overexpression did not stimulate the expression of other FGF family members, suggesting it does not activate a positive feedback system. The effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and staurosporine, known inducers of apoptosis, were evaluated in FGF-21 overexpressing MSCs and mCherry control MSCs. Caspases 3 and 7 activity was markedly and dose-dependently increased by all three stimuli in mCherry MSCs. FGF-21 overexpression robustly suppressed caspase activation induced by H2 O2 and TNF-α, but not staurosporine. Moreover, the assessment of apoptotic morphological changes confirmed the protective effects of FGF-21 overexpression. Taken together, these results provide compelling evidence that FGF-21 plays a crucial role in protecting MSCs from apoptosis induced by oxidative stress and inflammation and merits further investigation as a strategy for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of stem cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel R. Linares
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yan Leng
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dragan Maric
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - De-Maw Chuang
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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29
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Budgude P, Kale V, Vaidya A. Mesenchymal stromal cell‐derived extracellular vesicles as cell‐free biologics for the ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:1078-1102. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Budgude
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell ResearchSymbiosis International (Deemed University) Pune 412115 India
| | - Vaijayanti Kale
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell ResearchSymbiosis International (Deemed University) Pune 412115 India
| | - Anuradha Vaidya
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell ResearchSymbiosis International (Deemed University) Pune 412115 India
- Symbiosis School of Biological SciencesSymbiosis International (Deemed University) Pune 412115 India
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30
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Sadatpoor SO, Salehi Z, Rahban D, Salimi A. Manipulated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Applications in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Stem Cells 2020; 13:24-45. [PMID: 32114741 PMCID: PMC7119211 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc19031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that have multilinear differentiation and self-renewal abilities. These cells are immune-privileged as they express no or low level of class-II major histocompatibility complex (MHC-II) and other costimulatory molecules. Having neuroprotective and regenerative properties, MSCs can be used to ameliorate several intractable neurodegenerative disorders by affecting both innate and adaptive immune systems. Several manipulations like pretreating MSCs with different conditions or agents, and using molecules derived from MSCs or genetically manipulating them, are the common and practical ways that can be used to strengthen MSCs survival and potency. Improved MSCs can have significantly enhanced impacts on diseases compared to MSCs not manipulated. In this review, we describe some of the most important manipulations that have been exerted on MSCs to improve their therapeutic functions and their applications in ameliorating three prevalent neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed omid Sadatpoor
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Salehi
- Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dariush Rahban
- Department of Nanomedicine, School of Advanced Medical Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Salimi
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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31
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Gholamzadeh Khoei S, Fayazi N, Najafi R. Sphingosine kinase 1 could enhance stem cell therapy efficiency for neurodegenerative diseases through induction of HIF-1. Int J Neurosci 2020; 131:102-104. [PMID: 32075471 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1732966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nashmin Fayazi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rezvan Najafi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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32
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Case KC, Salsaa M, Yu W, Greenberg ML. Regulation of Inositol Biosynthesis: Balancing Health and Pathophysiology. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2020; 259:221-260. [PMID: 30591968 DOI: 10.1007/164_2018_181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Inositol is the precursor for all inositol compounds and is essential for viability of eukaryotic cells. Numerous cellular processes and signaling functions are dependent on inositol compounds, and perturbation of their synthesis leads to a wide range of human diseases. Although considerable research has been directed at understanding the function of inositol compounds, especially phosphoinositides and inositol phosphates, a focus on regulatory and homeostatic mechanisms controlling inositol biosynthesis has been largely neglected. Consequently, little is known about how synthesis of inositol is regulated in human cells. Identifying physiological regulators of inositol synthesis and elucidating the molecular mechanisms that regulate inositol synthesis will contribute fundamental insight into cellular processes that are mediated by inositol compounds and will provide a foundation to understand numerous disease processes that result from perturbation of inositol homeostasis. In addition, elucidating the mechanisms of action of inositol-depleting drugs may suggest new strategies for the design of second-generation pharmaceuticals to treat psychiatric disorders and other illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall C Case
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michael Salsaa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Wenxi Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Miriam L Greenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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33
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Yang H, Cheam NMJ, Cao H, Lee MKH, Sze SK, Tan NS, Tay CY. Materials Stiffness-Dependent Redox Metabolic Reprogramming of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Secretome-Based Therapeutic Angiogenesis. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900929. [PMID: 31532923 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cellular redox metabolism has emerged as a key tenet in stem cell biology that can profoundly influence the paracrine activity and therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Although the use of materials cues to direct the differentiation of MSCs has been widely investigated, little is known regarding the role of materials in the control of redox paracrine signaling in MSCs. Herein, using a series of mechanically tunable fibronectin-conjugated polyacrylamide (FN-PAAm) hydrogel substrates, it is shown that a mechanically compliant microenvironment with native-tissue mimicking stiffness (E = 0.15 kPa) can mechano-regulate the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in human adipose-derived MSCs (ADMSCs). The cells reciprocate to the ROS imbalance by co-activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha stress response signaling pathways to increase the production of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor. Conditioned medium collected from ADMSCs grown on the 0.15 kPa FN-PAAm is found to significantly promote in vitro and ex ovo vascularization events. Collectively, these findings highlight the importance of delineating critical materials properties that can enable the reprogramming of cellular redox signaling for advanced MSCs-based secretome regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Yang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Nicole Mein Ji Cheam
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Huan Cao
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Melissa Kao Hui Lee
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological University 60 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637551 Singapore
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological University 60 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637551 Singapore
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological University 60 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637551 Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineNanyang Technological University Singapore 11 Mandalay Road Singapore 308232 Singapore
| | - Chor Yong Tay
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological University 60 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637551 Singapore
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34
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Samad N, Imran I, Zulfiqar I, Bilal K. Ameliorative effect of lithium chloride against d-galactose induced behavioral and memory impairment, oxidative stress and alteration in serotonin function in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:909-916. [PMID: 31426009 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is a phenomenon that all living organisms surely face. d-galactose (D-gal) has been used to develop an aging model of brain. Lithium (Li) has been proposed to have neuroprotective properties in relation to several neurological disorders. The goal of the current studyis to evaluate the effect of Lithium Chloride (LiCl) on D-gal induced neurological disorders and oxidative stress. METHODS Rats were treated with D-gal at a dose of 300 mg/ml/kg and various doses of LiCl (20, 40 and 80 mg/ml/kg) for 14 days. After that behavioral analysis (Elevated plus maze (EPM); Light dark box test (LDT); Morris water maze (MWM); Forced swim test (FST)) were performed. Animals were decapitated after behavioral tests and brain samples were collected for biochemical (malondialdehyde (MDA); superoxide dismutase (SOD); catalase (CAT); glutathione peroxidase (GPx); acetylcholiesterase (AChE)) and neurochemical analysis (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)). RESULTS The results showed that administration of LiCl at all doses ameliorates D-gal induced, decreased time spent in the open arm and light box in EPM and LDT respectively, increased immobility in FST, increased latency escape in MWM, increased MDA levels, decreased antioxidant enzyme, increased AChE activity and decreased 5-HT metabolism. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the present study indicated that D-gal induced anxiety/depression like symptoms and memory impairment were ameliorated by LiCl (at all doses) possibly via its antioxidant effects and normalizing 5-HT function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Samad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
| | - Imran Imran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Zulfiqar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Kainat Bilal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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35
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Shahror RA, Linares GR, Wang Y, Hsueh SC, Wu CC, Chuang DM, Chiang YH, Chen KY. Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Overexpressing Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Facilitates Cognitive Recovery and Enhances Neurogenesis in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2019; 37:14-26. [PMID: 31298621 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a progressive and complex pathological condition that results in multiple adverse consequences, including impaired learning and memory. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has produced limited benefits in experimental TBI models. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a novel metabolic regulator that has neuroprotective effects, promotes remyelination, enhances angiogenesis, and elongates astrocytic processes. In this study, MSCs were genetically engineered to overexpress FGF21 in order to improve their efficacy in TBI. MSCs overexpressing FGF21 (MSC-FGF21) were transplanted to mouse brain by intracerebroventricular injection 24 h after TBI was induced by controlled cortical impact (CCI). Hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and memory, assessed by the Morris water maze test, was markedly decreased 3-4 weeks after TBI, a deficit that was robustly recovered by treatment with MSC-FGF21, but not MSC-mCherry control. Hippocampus-independent learning and memory, assessed by the novel object recognition test, was also impaired; these effects were blocked by treatment with both MSC-FGF21 and MSC-mCherry control. FGF21 protein levels in the ipsilateral hippocampus were drastically reduced 4 weeks post-TBI, a loss that was restored by treatment with MSC-FGF21, but not MSC-mCherry. MSC-FGF21 treatment also partially restored TBI-induced deficits in neurogenesis and maturation of immature hippocampal neurons, whereas MSC-mCherry was less effective. Finally, MSC-FGF21 treatment also normalized TBI-induced impairments in dendritic arborization of hippocampal neurons. Taken together, the results indicate that MSC-FGF21 treatment significantly improved TBI-induced spatial memory deficits, impaired hippocampal neurogenesis, and abnormal dendritic morphology. Future clinical investigations using MSC-FGF21 to improve post-TBI outcomes are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Ahmad Shahror
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan.,TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gabriel R Linares
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yun Wang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chang Hsueh
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan.,TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Che Wu
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - De-Maw Chuang
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan.,Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan.,TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yun Chen
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan.,TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Golubinskaya PA, Sarycheva MV, Burda SY, Puzanov MV, Nadezhdina NA, Kulikovskiy VF, Nadezhdin SV, Korokin MV, Burda YE. Pharmacological modulation of cell functional activity with valproic acid and erythropoietin. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.5.34710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Valproic acid (VA) is carboxylic acid with a branched chain, which is used as an antiepileptic drug.
Valproic acid influence on cells in vivo: VA, which is an antiepileptic drug, is also a teratogen, which causes defects of a neural tube and an axial skeleton, although the mechanisms are not yet fully clear.
Valproic acid influence on mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in vitro: It is shown that valproic acid reduces the intracellular level of oxygen active forms.
Valproic acid effect on tumor cells: VA inhibits tumor growth through several mechanisms, including the cell cycle stop, differentiation induction and inhibition of growth of tumor vessels.
Valproic acid influence on enzymes: It affects mainly GSK-3.
Valproic acid influence on animals’ cells: It is shown that VA can significantly improve an ability to develop in vitro and improve nuclear reprogramming of embryos.
Erythropoietin (EPO): Is an hypoxia-induced hormone and a cytokine, which is necessary for normal erythropoiesis. EPO is widely used in in vitro experiments.
Conclusion: Thus, the influence of VA and EPO on cells can be used in cell technologies.
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Yu-Taeger L, Stricker-Shaver J, Arnold K, Bambynek-Dziuk P, Novati A, Singer E, Lourhmati A, Fabian C, Magg J, Riess O, Schwab M, Stolzing A, Danielyan L, Nguyen HHP. Intranasal Administration of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorates the Abnormal Dopamine Transmission System and Inflammatory Reaction in the R6/2 Mouse Model of Huntington Disease. Cells 2019; 8:E595. [PMID: 31208073 PMCID: PMC6628278 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrastriatal administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has shown beneficial effects in rodent models of Huntington disease (HD). However, the invasive nature of surgical procedure and its potential to trigger the host immune response may limit its clinical use. Hence, we sought to evaluate the non-invasive intranasal administration (INA) of MSC delivery as an effective alternative route in HD. GFP-expressing MSCs derived from bone marrow were intranasally administered to 4-week-old R6/2 HD transgenic mice. MSCs were detected in the olfactory bulb, midbrain and striatum five days post-delivery. Compared to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated littermates, MSC-treated R6/2 mice showed an increased survival rate and attenuated circadian activity disruption assessed by locomotor activity. MSCs increased the protein expression of DARPP-32 and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and downregulated gene expression of inflammatory modulators in the brain 7.5 weeks after INA. While vehicle treated R6/2 mice displayed decreased Iba1 expression and altered microglial morphology in comparison to the wild type littermates, MSCs restored both, Iba1 level and the thickness of microglial processes in the striatum of R6/2 mice. Our results demonstrate significantly ameliorated phenotypes of R6/2 mice after MSCs administration via INA, suggesting this method as an effective delivering route of cells to the brain for HD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Yu-Taeger
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- Centre for Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Janice Stricker-Shaver
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- Centre for Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Katrin Arnold
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics (IZBI), University of Leipzig, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Patrycja Bambynek-Dziuk
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- Centre for Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Arianna Novati
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- Centre for Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth Singer
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- Centre for Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Ali Lourhmati
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Claire Fabian
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics (IZBI), University of Leipzig, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Janine Magg
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- Centre for Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- Centre for Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, D-70376 Stuttgart, Germany.
- Departments of Biochemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Yerevan State Medical University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Yerevan State Medical University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Alexandra Stolzing
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics (IZBI), University of Leipzig, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany.
- Centre for Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Lusine Danielyan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- Departments of Biochemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Yerevan State Medical University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Yerevan State Medical University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Hoa Huu Phuc Nguyen
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- Centre for Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- Departments of Biochemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Yerevan State Medical University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University of Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany.
- Departments of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Yerevan State Medical University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.
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Enhanced Homing of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Overexpressing Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 to Injury Site in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112624. [PMID: 31142002 PMCID: PMC6600548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are emerging as a potential therapeutic intervention for brain injury due to their neuroprotective effects and safe profile. However, the homing ability of MSCs to injury sites still needs to be improved. Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) was recently reported to enhance cells migration in different cells type. In this study, we investigated whether MSCs that overexpressing FGF21 (MSC-FGF21) could exhibit enhanced homing efficacy in brain injury. We used novel Molday IONEverGreen™ (MIEG) as cell labeling probe that enables a non-invasive, high-sensitive and real-time MRI tracking. Using a mouse model of traumatic brain injury (TBI), MIEG labeled MSCs were transplanted into the contralateral lateral ventricle followed by real-time MRI tracking. FGF21 retained MSC abilities of proliferation and morphology. MSC-FGF21 showed significantly greater migration in transwell assay compared to control MSC. MIEG labeling showed no effects on MSCs’ viability, proliferation and differentiation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed that FGF21 significantly enhances the homing of MSC toward injury site. Histological analysis further confirmed the MRI findings. Taken together, these results show that FGF21 overexpression and MIEG labeling of MSC enhances their homing abilities and enables non-invasive real time tracking of the transplanted cells, provides a promising approach for MSC based therapy and tracking in TBI.
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Noronha NDC, Mizukami A, Caliári-Oliveira C, Cominal JG, Rocha JLM, Covas DT, Swiech K, Malmegrim KCR. Priming approaches to improve the efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapies. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:131. [PMID: 31046833 PMCID: PMC6498654 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1224-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been widely explored for cell-based therapy of immune-mediated, inflammatory, and degenerative diseases, due to their immunosuppressive, immunomodulatory, and regenerative potentials. Preclinical studies and clinical trials have demonstrated promising therapeutic results although these have been somewhat limited. Aspects such as low in vivo MSC survival in inhospitable disease microenvironments, requirements for ex vivo cell overexpansion prior to infusions, intrinsic differences between MSC and different sources and donors, variability of culturing protocols, and potency assays to evaluate MSC products have been described as limitations in the field. In recent years, priming approaches to empower MSC have been investigated, thereby generating cellular products with improved potential for different clinical applications. Herein, we review the current priming approaches that aim to increase MSC therapeutic efficacy. Priming with cytokines and growth factors, hypoxia, pharmacological drugs, biomaterials, and different culture conditions, as well as other diverse molecules, are revised from current and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia de Cássia Noronha
- Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Graduate Program on Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Amanda Mizukami
- Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Juçara Gastaldi Cominal
- Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Graduate Program on Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - José Lucas M Rocha
- Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Graduate Program on Basic and Applied Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Dimas Tadeu Covas
- Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Kamilla Swiech
- Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Kelen C R Malmegrim
- Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. .,Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n°, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14010-903, Brazil.
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40
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Cho IK, Hunter CE, Ye S, Pongos AL, Chan AWS. Combination of stem cell and gene therapy ameliorates symptoms in Huntington's disease mice. NPJ Regen Med 2019; 4:7. [PMID: 30937182 PMCID: PMC6435637 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-019-0066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a dominantly inherited monogenetic disorder characterized by motor and cognitive dysfunction due to neurodegeneration. The disease is caused by the polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion at the 5' terminal of the exon 1 of the huntingtin (HTT) gene, IT15, which results in the accumulation of mutant HTT (mHTT) aggregates in neurons and cell death. The monogenetic cause and the loss of specific neural cell population make HD a suitable candidate for stem cell and gene therapy. In this study, we demonstrate the efficacy of the combination of stem cell and gene therapy in a transgenic HD mouse model (N171-82Q; HD mice) using rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) neural progenitor cells (NPCs). We have established monkey NPC cell lines from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that can differentiate into GABAergic neurons in vitro as well as in mouse brains without tumor formation. Wild-type monkey NPCs (WT-NPCs), NPCs derived from a transgenic HD monkey (HD-NPCs), and genetically modified HD-NPCs with reduced mHTT levels by stable expression of small-hairpin RNA (HD-shHD-NPCs), were grafted into the striatum of WT and HD mice. Mice that received HD-shHD-NPC grafts showed a significant increase in lifespan compared to the sham injection group and HD mice. Both WT-NPC and HD-shHD-NPC grafts in HD mice showed significant improvement in motor functions assessed by rotarod and grip strength. Also, immunohistochemistry demonstrated the integration and differentiation. Our results suggest the combination of stem cell and gene therapy as a viable therapeutic option for HD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Ki Cho
- 1Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA.,2Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Carissa Emerson Hunter
- 2Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Sarah Ye
- 2Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Alvince Learnz Pongos
- 2Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Anthony Wing Sang Chan
- 1Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA.,2Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA USA
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41
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Stem cells in animal models of Huntington disease: A systematic review. Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 95:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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42
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Dimethyloxalylglycine preconditioning enhances protective effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in Aβ- induced Alzheimer disease. Physiol Behav 2019; 199:265-272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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43
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Pierzynowska K, Gaffke L, Cyske Z, Puchalski M, Rintz E, Bartkowski M, Osiadły M, Pierzynowski M, Mantej J, Piotrowska E, Węgrzyn G. Autophagy stimulation as a promising approach in treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:989-1008. [PMID: 29542037 PMCID: PMC6060747 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a process of degradation of macromolecules in the cytoplasm, particularly proteins of a long half-life, as well as whole organelles, in eukaryotic cells. Lysosomes play crucial roles during this degradation. Autophagy is a phylogenetically old, and evolutionarily conserved phenomenon which occurs in all eukaryotic cells. It can be found in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, insect Drosophila melanogaster, and mammals, including humans. Its high importance for cell physiology has been recognized, and in fact, dysfunctions causing impaired autophagy are associated with many severe disorders, including cancer and metabolic brain diseases. The types and molecular mechanisms of autophagy have been reviewed recently by others, and in this paper they will be summarized only briefly. Regulatory networks controlling the autophagy process are usually described as negative regulations. In contrast, here, we focus on different ways by which autophagy can be stimulated. In fact, activation of this process by different factors or processes can be considered as a therapeutic strategy in metabolic neurodegenerative diseases. These aspects are reviewed and discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Pierzynowska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Lidia Gaffke
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Cyske
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Puchalski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Estera Rintz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Bartkowski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marta Osiadły
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Pierzynowski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jagoda Mantej
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ewa Piotrowska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Węgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
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The observed alteration in BCL2 expression following lithium treatment is influenced by the choice of normalization method. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6399. [PMID: 29686228 PMCID: PMC5913222 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24546-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of B-cell CLL/lymphoma (BCL)2 expression following lithium treatment is seemingly well established and has been related to the neuroprotective property of the drug. However, while demonstrated by some (but not all) studies based on low-throughput techniques (e.g. qPCR) this effect is not reflected in high-throughput studies, such as microarrays and RNAseq. This manuscript presents a systematic review of currently available reports of lithium's effect on BCL2 expression. To our surprise, we found that the majority of the literature does not support the effect of lithium on BCL2 transcript or protein levels. Moreover, among the positive reports, several used therapeutically irrelevant lithium doses while others lack statistical power. We also noticed that numerous low-throughput studies normalized the signal using genes/proteins affected by lithium, imposing possible bias. Using wet bench experiments and reanalysis of publicly available microarray data, here we show that the reference gene chosen for normalization critically impacts the outcome of qPCR analyses of lithium's effect on BCL2 expression. Our findings suggest that experimental results might be severely affected by the choice of normalizing genes, and emphasize the need to re-evaluate stability of these genes in the context of the specific experimental conditions.
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45
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Lee H, Lee JY, Ha DH, Jeong JH, Park JB. Effects of Valproic Acid on Morphology, Proliferation, and Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived From Human Gingival Tissue. IMPLANT DENT 2018; 27:33-42. [PMID: 29329119 DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, has been shown to affect cell growth and differentiation in various in vitro and in vivo models. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of VPA on viability and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from the human gingival tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS Stem cells derived from the gingiva were grown in the presence of VPA at concentrations ranging from 0.125 to 8 mM. Cell morphology was assessed on days 3, 5, and 7, and cell proliferation was analyzed on the same days using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Alizarin Red-S staining was used to assess differentiation of the stem cells. RESULTS The control group showed a normal fibroblast morphology when cultured in growth media. The shape of cells in the 8 mM group was more flat than cells in other groups, and fewer cells were present. A statistically significant decrease in cell proliferation was seen in the 8 mM group. Results of Alizarin Red-S staining showed a significant decrease in mineralization in the 8 mM group. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, this study demonstrated that VPA, at the tested concentrations, decreases the viability of stem cells derived from the human gingiva. The decreases in osteogenic differentiation were achieved via the decrease of Rux2 expression. The concentration and application time of VPA treatment should be meticulously controlled to minimize any detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Lee
- Researcher, Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Young Lee
- Undergraduate Student, College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Ha
- Graduate Student, College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- Assistant Professor, College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Beom Park
- Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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46
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Lo Furno D, Mannino G, Giuffrida R. Functional role of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of chronic neurodegenerative diseases. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3982-3999. [PMID: 28926091 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into not only cells of mesodermal lineages, but also into endodermal and ectodermal derived elements, including neurons and glial cells. For this reason, MSCs have been extensively investigated to develop cell-based therapeutic strategies, especially in pathologies whose pharmacological treatments give poor results, if any. As in the case of irreversible neurological disorders characterized by progressive neuronal death, in which behavioral and cognitive functions of patients inexorably decline as the disease progresses. In this review, we focus on the possible functional role exerted by MSCs in the treatment of some disabling neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Huntington's Disease, and Parkinson's Disease. Investigations have been mainly performed in vitro and in animal models by using MSCs generally originated from umbilical cord, bone marrow, or adipose tissue. Positive results obtained have prompted several clinical trials, the number of which is progressively increasing worldwide. To date, many of them have been primarily addressed to verify the safety of the procedures but some improvements have already been reported, fortunately. Although the exact mechanisms of MSC-induced beneficial activities are not entirely defined, they include neurogenesis and angiogenesis stimulation, antiapoptotic, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory actions. Most effects would be exerted through their paracrine expression of neurotrophic factors and cytokines, mainly delivered at damaged regions, given the innate propensity of MSCs to home to injured sites. Hopefully, in the near future more efficacious cell-replacement therapies will be developed to substantially restore disease-disrupted brain circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Lo Furno
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuliana Mannino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Giuffrida
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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47
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Li G, Bonamici N, Dey M, Lesniak MS, Balyasnikova IV. Intranasal delivery of stem cell-based therapies for the treatment of brain malignancies. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2017; 15:163-172. [PMID: 28895435 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1378642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant brain cancer in adults, and its poor prognosis and resistance to the existing standard of care require the development of innovative therapeutic modalities. The local delivery of stem cells as therapeutic carriers against glioma has produced encouraging results, but encounters obstacles with regards to the repeatability and invasiveness of administration. Intranasal delivery of therapeutic stem cells could overcome these obstacles, among others, as a noninvasive and easily repeatable mode of administration. AREAS COVERED This review describes nasal anatomy, routes of stem cell migration, and factors affecting stem cell delivery to hard-to-reach tumors. Furthermore, this review discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying stem cell migration following delivery, as well as possible stem cell effector functions to be considered in combination with intranasal delivery. EXPERT OPINION Further research is necessary to elucidate the dynamics of stem cell effector functions in the context of intranasal delivery and optimize their therapeutic potency. Nonetheless, the technique represents a promising tool against brain cancer and has the potential to be expanded for use against other brain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Li
- a Department of Neurological Surgery , Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Nicolas Bonamici
- a Department of Neurological Surgery , Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Mahua Dey
- b Department of Neurological Surgery , Indiana University , Indianapolis , IN , USA
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- a Department of Neurological Surgery , Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Irina V Balyasnikova
- a Department of Neurological Surgery , Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago , IL , USA
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Kong QJ, Wang Y, Liu Y, Sun JC, Xu XM, Sun XF, Shi JG. Neuroprotective Effects of Valproic Acid in a Rat Model of Cauda Equina Injury. World Neurosurg 2017; 108:128-136. [PMID: 28867325 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.08.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone deacetylase inhibitors, including valproic acid (VPA), are promising therapeutic interventions in neurological disorders and play an important role in synaptic activity and neuronal function. METHODS A total of 30 rats were randomly allocated to 3 groups: sham, control, and VPA. The rats in the VPA and control groups received laminectomy at the L4 level of the vertebrae and silicone gel implantation into the epidural spaces L5 and L6. Rats in the sham group only received laminectomy at the L4 level of vertebrae without any implantation. VPA (300 mg/kg in saline) was administered 2 hours before the surgery. After the surgery, the VPA group received further VPA injections at 300 mg/kg twice a day for 1 week. The same volume of saline was injected in the control group. Neurobehavioral tests using the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan scale and the oblique board test were performed for 1 week starting at 2 hours before surgery up to day 7 after surgery. At day 7 after surgery, tissues from the compressed cauda equina (L5-L6) were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin, luxol fast blue, or immunofluorescence staining, whereas the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated UTP nick-end label assay staining was performed on the tissue from the dorsal root ganglions and the lumbar segment of the spinal cord proximal to the compressed cauda equina (L5-L6). RESULTS The behavioral results suggested a significant improvement in the lower limb motor function in the VPA group compared with controls (P < 0.05). Furthermore, histologic assessment revealed a significant reduction in nerve fibers showing Wallerian degeneration and demyelinating lesions in the VPA group, in addition to an increased myelination compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated UTP nick-end label assay staining revealed a significant decrease in the number of apoptotic neurons in the spinal cord anterior horn and dorsal root ganglions in the VPA group compared with controls (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrated that VPA could alleviate cauda equina injury, reduce apoptotic cells, and improve motor recovery, suggesting a neuroprotective effect in acute cauda equina syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Jie Kong
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Affiliated Changzheng Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Affiliated Changzheng Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Affiliated Changzheng Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Chuan Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Affiliated Changzheng Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Ming Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Affiliated Changzheng Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Fei Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Affiliated Changzheng Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Gang Shi
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Affiliated Changzheng Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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49
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Tartaglione AM, Popoli P, Calamandrei G. Regenerative medicine in Huntington's disease: Strengths and weaknesses of preclinical studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 77:32-47. [PMID: 28223129 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by impairment in motor, cognitive and psychiatric domains. Currently, there is no specific therapy to act on the onset or progression of HD. The marked neuronal death observed in HD is a main argument in favour of stem cells (SCs) transplantation as a promising therapeutic perspective to replace the population of lost neurons and restore the functionality of the damaged circuitry. The availability of rodent models of HD encourages the investigation of the restorative potential of SCs transplantation longitudinally. However, the results of preclinical studies on SCs therapy in HD are so far largely inconsistent; this hampers the individuation of the more appropriate model and precludes the comparative analysis of transplant efficacy on behavioural end points. Thus, this review will describe the state of the art of in vivo research on SCs therapy in HD, analysing in a translational perspective the strengths and weaknesses of animal studies investigating the therapeutic potential of cell transplantation on HD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Tartaglione
- Centre for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - P Popoli
- National Centre for Medicines Research and Preclinical/Clinical Evaluation, Rome, Italy
| | - G Calamandrei
- Centre for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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50
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Cencioni C, Atlante S, Savoia M, Martelli F, Farsetti A, Capogrossi MC, Zeiher AM, Gaetano C, Spallotta F. The double life of cardiac mesenchymal cells: Epimetabolic sensors and therapeutic assets for heart regeneration. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 171:43-55. [PMID: 27742569 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Organ-specific mesenchymal cells naturally reside in the stroma, where they are exposed to some environmental variables affecting their biology and functions. Risk factors such as diabetes or aging influence their adaptive response. In these cases, permanent epigenetic modifications may be introduced in the cells with important consequences on their local homeostatic activity and therapeutic potential. Numerous results suggest that mesenchymal cells, virtually present in every organ, may contribute to tissue regeneration mostly by paracrine mechanisms. Intriguingly, the heart is emerging as a source of different cells, including pericytes, cardiac progenitors, and cardiac fibroblasts. According to phenotypic, functional, and molecular criteria, these should be classified as mesenchymal cells. Not surprisingly, in recent years, the attention on these cells as therapeutic tools has grown exponentially, although only very preliminary data have been obtained in clinical trials to date. In this review, we summarized the state of the art about the phenotypic features, functions, regenerative properties, and clinical applicability of mesenchymal cells, with a particular focus on those of cardiac origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cencioni
- Division of Cardiovascular Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany; Internal Medicine Clinic III, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany.
| | - Sandra Atlante
- Division of Cardiovascular Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany; Internal Medicine Clinic III, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany.
| | - Matteo Savoia
- Division of Cardiovascular Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany; Universitá Cattolica, Institute of Medical Pathology, 00138 Rome, Italy; Internal Medicine Clinic III, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany.
| | - Fabio Martelli
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan 20097, Italy.
| | - Antonella Farsetti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biologia Cellulare e Neurobiologia, Roma, Italy; Internal Medicine Clinic III, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany.
| | - Maurizio C Capogrossi
- Laboratorio di Patologia Vascolare, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, Roma, Italy.
| | - Andreas M Zeiher
- Internal Medicine Clinic III, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany.
| | - Carlo Gaetano
- Division of Cardiovascular Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany; Internal Medicine Clinic III, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany.
| | - Francesco Spallotta
- Division of Cardiovascular Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany; Internal Medicine Clinic III, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany.
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