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Wang P, Dai W, Liu H, Liu H, Xu Y. Fenobam modulates distinct electrophysiological mechanisms for regulating excessive gamma oscillations in the striatum of dyskinetic rats. Exp Neurol 2024; 378:114833. [PMID: 38782350 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Gamma oscillations have been frequently observed in levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID), manifest as broadband (60-120 Hz) and narrowband (80-110 Hz) gamma activity in cortico-striatal projection. We investigated the electrophysiological mechanisms and correlation of gamma oscillations with dyskinesia severity, while assessing the administration of fenobam, a selective metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) antagonist, in regulating dyskinesia-associated gamma activity. We conducted simultaneous electrophysiological recordings in Striatum (Str) and primary motor cortex (M1), together with Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale scoring (AIMs). Phase-amplitude coupling (PAC), power, coherence, and Granger causality analyses were conducted for electrophysiological data. The findings demonstrated increased beta oscillations with directionality from M1 to Str in parkinsonian state. During on-state dyskinesia, elevated broadband gamma activity was modulated by the phase of theta activity in Str, while M1 → Str gamma causality mediated narrowband gamma oscillations in Str. Striatal gamma power (both periodic and aperiodic power), periodic power, peak frequency, and PAC at 80 min (corresponding to the peak dyskinesia) after repeated levodopa injections across recording days (day 30, 33, 36, 39, and 42) increased progressively, correlating with total AIMs. Additionally, a time-dependent parabolic trend of PAC, peak frequency and gamma power was observed after levodopa injection on day 42 from 20 to 120 min, which also correlated with corresponding AIMs. Fenobam effectively alleviates dyskinesia, suppresses enhanced gamma oscillations in the M1-Str directionality, and reduces PAC in Str. The temporal characteristics of gamma oscillations provide parameters for classifying LID severity. Antagonizing striatal mGluR5, a promising therapeutic target for dyskinesia, exerts its effects by modulating gamma activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wang
- Department of Otology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weina Dai
- School of Basic Medical Science, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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2
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Mockevičius A, Šveistytė K, Griškova-Bulanova I. Individual/Peak Gamma Frequency: What Do We Know? Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050792. [PMID: 37239264 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the concept of individualized measures of electroencephalographic (EEG) activity has emerged. Gamma-band activity plays an important role in many sensory and cognitive processes. Thus, peak frequency in the gamma range has received considerable attention. However, peak or individual gamma frequency (IGF) is rarely used as a primary measure of interest; consequently, little is known about its nature and functional significance. With this review, we attempt to comprehensively overview available information on the functional properties of peak gamma frequency, addressing its relationship with certain processes and/or modulation by various factors. Here, we show that IGFs seem to be related to various endogenous and exogenous factors. Broad functional aspects that are related to IGF might point to the differences in underlying mechanisms. Therefore, research utilizing different types of stimulation for IGF estimation and covering several functional aspects in the same population is required. Moreover, IGFs span a wide range of frequencies (30-100 Hz). This could be partly due to the variability of methods used to extract the measures of IGF. In order to overcome this issue, further studies aiming at the optimization of IGF extraction would be greatly beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurimas Mockevičius
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kristina Šveistytė
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Inga Griškova-Bulanova
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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3
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Skovgård K, Barrientos SA, Petersson P, Halje P, Cenci MA. Distinctive Effects of D1 and D2 Receptor Agonists on Cortico-Basal Ganglia Oscillations in a Rodent Model of L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:304-324. [PMID: 36344723 PMCID: PMC10119363 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01309-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) in Parkinson's disease has been linked to oscillatory neuronal activities in the cortico-basal ganglia network. We set out to examine the pattern of cortico-basal ganglia oscillations induced by selective agonists of D1 and D2 receptors in a rat model of LID. Local field potentials were recorded in freely moving rats using large-scale electrodes targeting three motor cortical regions, dorsomedial and dorsolateral striatum, external globus pallidus, and substantial nigra pars reticulata. Abnormal involuntary movements were elicited by the D1 agonist SKF82958 or the D2 agonist sumanirole, while overall motor activity was quantified using video analysis (DeepLabCut). Both SKF82958 and sumanirole induced dyskinesia, although with significant differences in temporal course, overall severity, and body distribution. The D1 agonist induced prominent narrowband oscillations in the high gamma range (70-110 Hz) in all recorded structures except for the nigra reticulata. Additionally, the D1 agonist induced strong functional connectivity between the recorded structures and the phase analysis revealed that the primary motor cortex (forelimb area) was leading a supplementary motor area and striatum. Following treatment with the D2 agonist, narrowband gamma oscillations were detected only in forelimb motor cortex and dorsolateral striatum, while prominent oscillations in the theta band occurred in the globus pallidus and nigra reticulata. Our results reveal that the dyskinetic effects of D1 and D2 receptor agonists are associated with distinct patterns of cortico-basal ganglia oscillations, suggesting a recruitment of partially distinct networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Skovgård
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC A13, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
- The Group for Integrative Neurophysiology and Neurotechnology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sebastian A Barrientos
- The Group for Integrative Neurophysiology and Neurotechnology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per Petersson
- The Group for Integrative Neurophysiology and Neurotechnology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pär Halje
- The Group for Integrative Neurophysiology and Neurotechnology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - M Angela Cenci
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC A13, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
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4
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Rauschenberger L, Güttler C, Volkmann J, Kühn AA, Ip CW, Lofredi R. A translational perspective on pathophysiological changes of oscillatory activity in dystonia and parkinsonism. Exp Neurol 2022; 355:114140. [PMID: 35690132 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral recordings from movement disorders patients undergoing deep brain stimulation have allowed the identification of pathophysiological patterns in oscillatory activity that correlate with symptom severity. Changes in oscillatory synchrony occur within and across brain areas, matching the classification of movement disorders as network disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms of oscillatory changes are difficult to assess in patients, as experimental interventions are technically limited and ethically problematic. This is why animal models play an important role in neurophysiological research of movement disorders. In this review, we highlight the contributions of translational research to the mechanistic understanding of pathological changes in oscillatory activity, with a focus on parkinsonism and dystonia, while addressing the limitations of current findings and proposing possible future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Rauschenberger
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Güttler
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Volkmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andrea A Kühn
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure, Exzellenzcluster, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Berlin, Germany; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chi Wang Ip
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roxanne Lofredi
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.
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5
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Jiang X, Liang P, Wang K, Jia J, Wang X. Serotonin 1A receptor agonist modulation of motor deficits and cortical oscillations by NMDA receptor interaction in parkinsonian rats. Neuropharmacology 2022; 203:108881. [PMID: 34785162 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptor agonists are widely used as the additive compound to reduce l-dopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease (PD), few studies focused on the effect and mechanism of 5-HT1A receptor agonist on the motor symptoms of PD. Unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats were used and implantation of electrodes was performed in the motor cortex of these rats. So the effect of 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT on motor behaviors and oscillatory activities were evaluated. In addition, 8-OH-DPAT combined with D2 receptor antagonist raclopride, NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801, or its agonist d-cycloserine (DCS) were co-administrated. 8-OH-DPAT administration significantly improved spontaneous locomotor activity and asymmetric forepaw function in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. Meanwhile, 8-OH-DPAT identified selective modulation of the abnormal high beta oscillations (25-40 Hz) in the motor cortex of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats, without inducing pathological finely tuned gamma around 80 Hz. Different from 8-OH-DPAT, l-dopa treatment produced a prolonged improvement on motor performances and differential regulation of high beta and gamma oscillations. However, dopamine D2 receptor antagonist had no influence on the 8-OH-DPAT-mediated-motor behaviors and beta oscillations in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. In contrast, subthreshold NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 obviously elevated the 8-OH-DPAT-mediated-motor behaviors, while NMDA receptor agonist DCS partially impaired the 8-OH-DPAT-mediated symptoms in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. This study suggests that 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT improves motor activity and modulates the oscillations in the motor cortex of parkinsonian rats. Different from l-dopa, 8-OH-DPAT administration ameliorates motor symptoms of PD through glutamatergic rather than the dopaminergic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Jiang
- Departments of Neurobiology and Physiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Peirong Liang
- Departments of Neurobiology and Physiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Ke Wang
- Departments of Neurobiology and Physiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Jun Jia
- Departments of Neurobiology and Physiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Departments of Neurobiology and Physiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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6
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Abdul Nabi Ali A, Alam M, Klein SC, Behmann N, Krauss JK, Doll T, Blume H, Schwabe K. Predictive accuracy of CNN for cortical oscillatory activity in an acute rat model of parkinsonism. Neural Netw 2021; 146:334-340. [PMID: 34923220 DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2021.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders neuronal oscillatory activity between basal ganglia and cortical circuits are altered, which may be useful as biomarker for adaptive deep brain stimulation. We investigated whether changes in the spectral power of oscillatory activity in the motor cortex (MCtx) and the sensorimotor cortex (SMCtx) of rats after injection of the dopamine (DA) receptor antagonist haloperidol (HALO) would be similar to those observed in Parkinson disease. Thereafter, we tested whether a convolutional neural network (CNN) model would identify brain signal alterations in this acute model of parkinsonism. A sixteen channel surface micro-electrocorticogram (ECoG) recording array was placed under the dura above the MCtx and SMCtx areas of one hemisphere under general anaesthesia in rats. Seven days after surgery, micro ECoG was recorded in individual free moving rats in three conditions: (1) basal activity, (2) after injection of HALO (0.5 mg/kg), and (3) with additional injection of apomorphine (APO) (1 mg/kg). Furthermore, a CNN-based classification consisting of 23,530 parameters was applied on the raw data. HALO injection decreased oscillatory theta band activity (4-8 Hz) and enhanced beta (12-30 Hz) and gamma (30-100 Hz) in MCtx and SMCtx, which was compensated after APO injection (P ¡ 0.001). Evaluation of classification performance of the CNN model provided accuracy of 92%, sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 93% on one-dimensional signals. The CNN proposed model requires a minimum of sensory hardware and may be integrated into future research on therapeutic devices for Parkinson disease, such as adaptive closed loop stimulation, thus contributing to more efficient way of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abdul Nabi Ali
- Institute of Microelectronic Systems, Architectures and Systems, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, D-30167, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Mesbah Alam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, D-30625, Lower Saxony, Germany.
| | - Simon C Klein
- Institute of Microelectronic Systems, Architectures and Systems, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, D-30167, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Nicolai Behmann
- Institute of Microelectronic Systems, Architectures and Systems, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, D-30167, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Joachim K Krauss
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, D-30625, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Theodor Doll
- Biomaterial Engineering, Hannover Medical School and Translational Medical Engineering Fraunhofer ITEM, Hannover, D-30625, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Holger Blume
- Institute of Microelectronic Systems, Architectures and Systems, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, D-30167, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schwabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, D-30625, Lower Saxony, Germany
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7
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Guerra A, Colella D, Giangrosso M, Cannavacciuolo A, Paparella G, Fabbrini G, Suppa A, Berardelli A, Bologna M. Driving motor cortex oscillations modulates bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease. Brain 2021; 145:224-236. [PMID: 34245244 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, beta (β) and gamma (γ) oscillations are altered in the basal ganglia, and this abnormality contributes to the pathophysiology of bradykinesia. However, it is unclear whether β and γ rhythms at the primary motor cortex (M1) level influence bradykinesia. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) can modulate cortical rhythms by entraining endogenous oscillations. We tested whether β- and γ-tACS on M1 modulate bradykinesia in PD patients by analyzing the kinematic features of repetitive finger tapping, including movement amplitude, velocity, and sequence effect, recorded during β-, γ-, and sham tACS. We also verified whether possible tACS-induced bradykinesia changes depended on modifications in specific M1 circuits, as assessed by short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI). Patients were studied OFF and ON dopaminergic therapy. Results were compared to those obtained in a group of healthy subjects (HS). In patients, movement velocity significantly worsened during β-tACS and movement amplitude improved during γ-tACS, while the sequence effect did not change. In addition, SAI decreased (reduced inhibition) during β-tACS and SICI decreased during both γ- and β-tACS in PD. The effects of tACS were comparable between OFF and ON sessions. In patients OFF therapy, the degree of SICI modulation during β- and γ-tACS correlated with movement velocity and amplitude changes. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between the effect of γ-tACS on movement amplitude and motor symptoms severity. Our results show that cortical β and γ oscillations are relevant in the pathophysiology of bradykinesia in PD and that changes in inhibitory GABA-A-ergic interneuronal activity may reflect compensatory M1 mechanisms to counteract bradykinesia. In conclusion, abnormal oscillations at the M1 level of the basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical network play a relevant role in the pathophysiology of bradykinesia in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donato Colella
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giovanni Fabbrini
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.,Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Suppa
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.,Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Berardelli
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.,Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Bologna
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.,Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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Wang Y, Zhang H, Chen M. A strategy to differentiate dopamine and levodopa based on their cyclization reaction regulated by pH. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1157:338379. [PMID: 33832587 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Levodopa is often used to treat Parkinson's disease. It coexists with dopamine in human fluids and is electrochemically oxidized at the same potential as dopamine. Differentiating levodopa from dopamine is difficult via electrochemical techniques. Taking advantage of the differences in the rate constants of levodopa and dopamine for the intramolecular cyclization reaction, we observed that the cyclization reaction of dopamine-quinone was completely suppressed under pH 4.8, while that of levodopa-quinone occurred. The product of cyclization caused a new cathodic peak at negative potential. Its peak current was dependent on the concentration of levodopa but not that of dopamine. As a result, we developed a method of detecting levodopa in the presence of dopamine with a bare glassy carbon electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaotian Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
| | - Mingli Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
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9
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Marino BLB, de Souza LR, Sousa KPA, Ferreira JV, Padilha EC, da Silva CHTP, Taft CA, Hage-Melim LIS. Parkinson's Disease: A Review from Pathophysiology to Treatment. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 20:754-767. [PMID: 31686637 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666191104110908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly population, with a higher prevalence in men, independent of race and social class; it affects approximately 1.5 to 2.0% of the elderly population over 60 years and 4% for those over 80 years of age. PD is caused by the necrosis of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, which is the brain region responsible for the synthesis of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA), resulting in its decrease in the synaptic cleft. The monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) degrades dopamine, promoting the glutamate accumulation and oxidative stress with the release of free radicals, causing excitotoxicity. The PD symptoms are progressive physical limitations such as rigidity, bradykinesia, tremor, postural instability and disability in functional performance. Considering that there are no laboratory tests, biomarkers or imaging studies to confirm the disease, the diagnosis of PD is made by analyzing the motor features. There is no cure for PD, and the pharmacological treatment consists of a dopaminergic supplement with levodopa, COMT inhibitors, anticholinergics agents, dopaminergic agonists, and inhibitors of MAO-B, which basically aims to control the symptoms, enabling better functional mobility and increasing life expectancy of the treated PD patients. Due to the importance and increasing prevalence of PD in the world, this study reviews information on the pathophysiology, symptomatology as well as the most current and relevant treatments of PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca L B Marino
- Laboratorio de Quimica Farmaceutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Universidade Federal do Amapa, Macapa, Amapa, Brazil
| | - Lucilene R de Souza
- Laboratorio de Quimica Farmaceutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Universidade Federal do Amapa, Macapa, Amapa, Brazil
| | - Kessia P A Sousa
- Laboratorio de Quimica Farmaceutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Universidade Federal do Amapa, Macapa, Amapa, Brazil
| | - Jaderson V Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Quimica Farmaceutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Universidade Federal do Amapa, Macapa, Amapa, Brazil
| | - Elias C Padilha
- Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Principios Ativos Naturais e Toxicologia, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos H T P da Silva
- Laboratório Computacional de Química Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Chemistry, School of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Carlton A Taft
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lorane I S Hage-Melim
- Laboratorio de Quimica Farmaceutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Universidade Federal do Amapa, Macapa, Amapa, Brazil
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10
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Ding XF, Gao Y, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Wang SX, Zhao YQ, Wang YZ, Fan M. A novel low-cost electrode for recording the local field potential of freely moving rat's brain. Transl Neurosci 2020; 11:96-104. [PMID: 33312716 PMCID: PMC7705991 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Local field potentials (LFPs) are involved in almost all cognitive activities of animals. Several kinds of recording electrodes are used for recording LFPs in freely moving animals, including commercial and homemade electrodes. However, commercial recording electrodes are expensive, and their relatively fixed size often causes a steric hindrance effect, especially when combining deep brain stimulation (DBS) with LFP recording, which may not always satisfy the aim of researchers. Currently, an increasing number of researchers are designing their own recording electrodes to lower research costs. Nevertheless, there is no simple universal method to produce low-cost recording electrodes with a specific size according to the target brain area. Thus, we developed a simple method for quickly producing low-cost multiple-channel recording electrodes. To inspect the effectiveness of our self-designed electrode, LFPs were recorded in a Parkinson’s disease (PD) rat model, and an electrical stimulation electrode was implanted into the subthalamic nucleus to verify the space-saving ability of the self-designed recording electrode. The results showed that <30 min was needed to prepare an electrode and that the electrode materials cost <5 dollars. Further investigations showed that our electrode successfully recorded the beta oscillations (12–40 Hz) in the PD rat model. Thus, this method will greatly reduce the cost of recording electrodes and save time for researchers. Additionally, the small size of the electrode will further facilitate DBS research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Ding
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Air Force Medical Center of PLA, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Plasticity, School of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Xia Wang
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Qi Zhao
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Zheng Wang
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ming Fan
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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11
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Güttler C, Altschüler J, Tanev K, Böckmann S, Haumesser JK, Nikulin VV, Kühn AA, van Riesen C. Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia Are Mediated by Cortical Gamma Oscillations in Experimental Parkinsonism. Mov Disord 2020; 36:927-937. [PMID: 33247603 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Levodopa is the most efficacious drug in the symptomatic therapy of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD); however, long-term treatment is often complicated by troublesome levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). Recent evidence suggests that LID might be related to increased cortical gamma oscillations. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that cortical high-gamma network activity relates to LID in the 6-hydroxydopamine model and to identify new biomarkers for adaptive deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy in PD. METHODS We recorded and analyzed primary motor cortex (M1) electrocorticogram data and motor behavior in freely moving 6-OHDA lesioned rats before and during a daily treatment with levodopa for 3 weeks. The results were correlated with the abnormal involuntary movement score (AIMS) and used for generalized linear modeling (GLM). RESULTS Levodopa reverted motor impairment, suppressed beta activity, and, with repeated administration, led to a progressive enhancement of LID. Concurrently, we observed a highly significant stepwise amplitude increase in finely tuned gamma (FTG) activity and gamma centroid frequency. Whereas AIMS and FTG reached their maximum after the 4th injection and remained on a stable plateau thereafter, the centroid frequency of the FTG power continued to increase thereafter. Among the analyzed gamma activity parameters, the fraction of longest gamma bursts showed the strongest correlation with AIMS. Using a GLM, it was possible to accurately predict AIMS from cortical recordings. CONCLUSIONS FTG activity is tightly linked to LID and should be studied as a biomarker for adaptive DBS. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Güttler
- Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jennifer Altschüler
- Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kaloyan Tanev
- Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Saskia Böckmann
- Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Kersten Haumesser
- Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vadim V Nikulin
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrea A Kühn
- Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph van Riesen
- Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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12
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Smartphone-Based Electrochemical Potentiostat Detection System Using PEDOT: PSS/Chitosan/Graphene Modified Screen-Printed Electrodes for Dopamine Detection. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20102781. [PMID: 32422926 PMCID: PMC7285078 DOI: 10.3390/s20102781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a smartphone-based electrochemical detection system was designed and developed for rapid and real-time detection of dopamine (DA). The system included a screen-printed electrode (SPE) used as a sensor, a hand-held electrochemical potentiostat and a smart phone with a specially designed app. During the detection period, the SPEs modified with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), chitosan (CS) and graphene (G) were used to convert and amplify the electrochemical reaction signals. The electrochemical potentiostat was used to generate excitation electrical signals and collect the electrical signals converted from the sensor. The smartphone—connected to the detector via Bluetooth-was used to control the detector for tests, further process the uploaded data, and plot graphs in real time. Experimental results showed that the self-designed sensing system could be employed for highly selective detection of DA in the presence of interfering substances such as ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA). CV was carried out to characterize the electrochemical properties of the modified SPEs and the electrochemical behaviors of DA on the modified SPEs. Finally, according to the analysis of DPV responses of DA, the system could detect DA with a detection sensitivity of 0.52 ± 0.01 μA/μM and a limit of detection of 0.29 μM in the linear range of DA concentrations from 0.05 to 70 μM.
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13
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Jiang X, Yan Y, Wang K, Wei J, Su W, Jia J. Brain state-dependent alterations of corticostriatal synchronized oscillations in awake and anesthetized parkinsonian rats. Brain Res 2019; 1717:214-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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14
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Tucker HR, Mahoney E, Chhetri A, Unger K, Mamone G, Kim G, Audil A, Moolick B, Molho ES, Pilitsis JG, Shin DS. Deep brain stimulation of the ventroanterior and ventrolateral thalamus improves motor function in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2019; 317:155-167. [PMID: 30890329 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with affected individuals exhibiting motor symptoms of bradykinesia, muscle rigidity, tremor, postural instability and gait dysfunction. The current gold standard treatment is pharmacotherapy with levodopa, but long-term use is associated with motor response fluctuations and can cause abnormal movements called dyskinesias. An alternative treatment option is deep brain stimulation (DBS) with the two FDA-approved brain targets for PD situated in the basal ganglia; specifically, in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and globus pallidus pars interna (GPi). Both improve quality of life and motor scores by ~50-70% in well-selected patients but can also elicit adverse effects on cognition and other non-motor symptoms. Therefore, identifying a novel DBS target that is efficacious for patients not optimally responsive to current DBS targets with fewer side-effects has clear clinical merit. Here, we investigate whether the ventroanterior (VA) and ventrolateral (VL) motor nuclei of the thalamus can serve as novel and effective DBS targets for PD. In the limb-use asymmetry test (LAT), hemiparkinsonian rats showcased left forelimb akinesia and touched only 6.5 ± 1.3% with that paw. However, these animals touched equally with both forepaws with DBS at 10 Hz, 100 μsec pulse width and 100 uA cathodic stimulation in the VA (n = 7), VL (n = 8) or at the interface between the two thalamic nuclei which we refer to as the VA|VL (n = 12). With whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, we noted that VA|VL stimulation in vitro increased the number of induced action potentials in proximal neurons in both areas albeit VL neurons transitioned from bursting to non-bursting action potentials (APs) with large excitatory postsynaptic potentials time-locked to stimulation. In contrast, VA neurons were excited with VA|VL electrical stimulation but with little change in spiking phenotype. Overall, our findings show that DBS in the VA, VL or VA|VL improved motor function in a rat model of PD; plausibly via increased excitation of residing neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi R Tucker
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States of America
| | - Emily Mahoney
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States of America
| | - Ashok Chhetri
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States of America
| | - Kristen Unger
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States of America
| | - Gianna Mamone
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States of America
| | - Gabrielle Kim
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States of America
| | - Aliyah Audil
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Moolick
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States of America
| | - Eric S Molho
- Department of Neurology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, United States of America
| | - Julie G Pilitsis
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States of America; Department of Neurosurgery, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, United States of America
| | - Damian S Shin
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States of America; Department of Neurology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, United States of America.
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15
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Increased EMG intermuscular coherence and reduced signal complexity in Parkinson's disease. Clin Neurophysiol 2018; 130:259-269. [PMID: 30583273 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate differences in surface electromyography (EMG) features in individuals with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and aged-matched controls. METHODS Surface EMG was recorded during isometric leg extension in PD patients prior to, and after undergoing a locomotor training programme, and in aged-matched controls. Differences in EMG structure were quantified using determinism (%DET), sample entropy (SampEn) and intermuscular coherence. RESULTS %DET was significantly higher, and SampEn significantly lower, in PD patients. Intermuscular coherence was also significantly higher in the PD group in theta, alpha and beta frequency bands. %DET increased and SampEn decreased with increasing Movement-Disorder-Society UPDRS scores, while theta band coherence was significantly correlated with total MDS-UPDRS scores and torque variance. Neither %DET, SampEn nor intermuscular coherence changed in response to training. CONCLUSIONS The differences observed are consistent with increased synchrony among motor units within and across leg muscles in PD. Differences between EMG signals recorded from the PD and control groups persisted post-therapy, after improvements in walking capacity occurred. SIGNIFICANCE These results provide insight into changes in motoneuron activity in PD, demonstrate increased beta band intramuscular coherence in PD for the first time, and support the development of quantitative biomarkers for PD based on advanced surface EMG features.
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16
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Zheng C, Chen G, Tan Y, Zeng W, Peng Q, Wang J, Cheng C, Yang X, Nie S, Xu Y, Zhang Z, Papa SM, Ye K, Cao X. TRH Analog, Taltirelin Improves Motor Function of Hemi-PD Rats Without Inducing Dyskinesia via Sustained Dopamine Stimulating Effect. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:417. [PMID: 30555300 PMCID: PMC6282053 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and its analogs are able to stimulate the release of the endogenic dopamine (DA) in the central nervous system. However, this effect has not been tested in the Parkinson’s disease (PD), which is characterized by the DA deficiency due to the dopaminergic neurons loss in the substantia nigra. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effect of Taltirelin, a long-acting TRH analog on 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned hemi-Parkinsonian rat model. 1–10 mg/kg Taltirelin i.p. administration significantly improved the locomotor function and halted the electrophysiological abnormities of PD animals without inducing dyskinesia even with high-dose for 7 days treatment. Microdialysis showed that Taltirelin gently and persistently promoted DA release in the cortex and striatum, while L-DOPA induced a sharp rise of DA especially in the cortex. The DA-releasing effect of Taltirelin was alleviated by reserpine, vanoxerine (GBR12909) or AMPT, indicating a mechanism involving vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT-2), dopamine transporter (DAT) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). The in vivo and in vitro experiments further supported that Taltirelin affected the regulation of TH expression in striatal neurons, which was mediated by p-ERK1/2. Together, this study demonstrated that Taltirelin improved motor function of hemi-PD rats without inducing dyskinesia, thus supporting a further exploration of Taltirelin for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guiqin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Tan
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiqi Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiwei Peng
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chi Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoman Yang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuke Nie
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Stella M Papa
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Xuebing Cao
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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17
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Ji D, Xu N, Liu Z, Shi Z, Low SS, Liu J, Cheng C, Zhu J, Zhang T, Xu H, Yu X, Liu Q. Smartphone-based differential pulse amperometry system for real-time monitoring of levodopa with carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticles modified screen-printing electrodes. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 129:216-223. [PMID: 30297172 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease caused by lack of dopamine in brain is a common neurodegenerative disorder. The traditional treatment is to replenish levodopa since it could pass through blood brain barrier and form dopamine. However, its accumulation can cause patients' movement disorders and uncontrollable emotion. Therefore, it is critical to control the levodopa dosage accuracy to improve the curative effect in clinical. In this study, a smartphone-based electrochemical detection system was developed for rapid monitoring of levodopa. The system involved a disposable sensor, a hand-held electrochemical detector, and a smartphone with designed application. Single-wall carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticles modified screen-printed electrodes were used to convert and amplify the electrochemical current signals upon presence of levodopa molecules. The electrochemical detectors were used to generate electrochemical excitation signals and detect the resultant currents. Smartphone was connected to the detector, which was used to control the detector, calculate data, and plot graph in real-time. The smartphone-based differential pulse amperometry system was demonstrated to monitor levodopa at concentrations as low as 0.5 µM in human serum. Furthermore, it has also been verified to be able to distinguish levodopa from other representative substances in the body. Therefore, its performance was more sensitive and rapid than electrochemical workstation. With these advantages, the system can be used in the field of point-of-care testing (POCT) to detect levodopa and provide the possibility to solve clinical demand for levodopa detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daizong Ji
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China; Zhejiang University Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of TCM Health Management, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, PR China
| | - Ning Xu
- Institute of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, PR China
| | - Zixiang Liu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Zhouyuanjing Shi
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Sze Shin Low
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Institute of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, PR China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of TCM Health Management, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, PR China
| | - Jingwen Zhu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Tingkai Zhang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Haoxuan Xu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Xiongjie Yu
- Zhejiang University Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Qingjun Liu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of TCM Health Management, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, PR China.
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18
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[ 18F]fallypride-PET/CT Analysis of the Dopamine D₂/D₃ Receptor in the Hemiparkinsonian Rat Brain Following Intrastriatal Botulinum Neurotoxin A Injection. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030587. [PMID: 29509680 PMCID: PMC6017015 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrastriatal injection of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) results in improved motor behavior of hemiparkinsonian (hemi-PD) rats, an animal model for Parkinson’s disease. The caudate–putamen (CPu), as the main input nucleus of the basal ganglia loop, is fundamentally involved in motor function and directly interacts with the dopaminergic system. To determine receptor-mediated explanations for the BoNT-A effect, we analyzed the dopamine D2/D3 receptor (D2/D3R) in the CPu of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced hemi-PD rats by [18F]fallypride-PET/CT scans one, three, and six months post-BoNT-A or -sham-BoNT-A injection. Male Wistar rats were assigned to three different groups: controls, sham-injected hemi-PD rats, and BoNT-A-injected hemi-PD rats. Disease-specific motor impairment was verified by apomorphine and amphetamine rotation testing. Animal-specific magnetic resonance imaging was performed for co-registration and anatomical reference. PET quantification was achieved using PMOD software with the simplified reference tissue model 2. Hemi-PD rats exhibited a constant increase of 23% in D2/D3R availability in the CPu, which was almost normalized by intrastriatal application of BoNT-A. Importantly, the BoNT-A effect on striatal D2/D3R significantly correlated with behavioral results in the apomorphine rotation test. Our results suggest a therapeutic effect of BoNT-A on the impaired motor behavior of hemi-PD rats by reducing interhemispheric changes of striatal D2/D3R.
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