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Dhureja M, Deshmukh R. Impact of alogliptin on lipopolysaccharide-induced experimental Parkinson's disease: Unrevealing neurochemical and histopathological alterations in rodents. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 975:176635. [PMID: 38734296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway has been seen as a significant cause of movement disability in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. However, the exact reason for these degenerative changes has remained obscure. In recent years, incretins have been neuroprotective in various pathologies. In the current study, we have investigated the neuroprotective potential of alogliptin (Alo), a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor, in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced experimental model of PD. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH LPS (5μg/5 μl) was infused intranigrally to induce PD in experimental rats. Post-LPS infusion, these animals were treated with Alo for 21 days in three successive dosages of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg/day/per oral. The study is well supported with the determinations of motor functions biochemical, neurochemical, and histological analysis. KEY RESULTS Intranigral infusion of LPS in rats produced motor deficit. It was accompanied by oxidative stress, elevation in neuroinflammatory cytokines, altered neurochemistry, and degenerative changes in the striatal brain region. While Alo abrogated LPS-induced biochemical/neurochemical alterations, improved motor functions, and preserved neuronal morphology in LPS-infused rats. CONCLUSION The observed neuroprotective potential of Alo may be due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions and its ability to modulate monoaminergic signals. Nonetheless, current findings suggest that improving the availability of incretins through DPP-IV inhibition is a promising strategy for treating Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maanvi Dhureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, MRSPTU, Bathinda, India
| | - Rahul Deshmukh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, MRSPTU, Bathinda, India; Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India.
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Inan SY, Yildirim S, Tanriover G, Ilhan B. P/Q type (Ca v2.1) Calcium Channel Blocker ω-Agatoxin IVA Alters Cleaved Caspase-3 and BDNF Expressions in the Rat Brain and Suppresses Seizure Activity. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1861-1872. [PMID: 37798599 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03678-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
High-voltage-gated calcium channels have pivot role in the cellular and molecular mechanisms of various neurological disorders, including epilepsy. Similar to other calcium channels, P/Q-type calcium channels (Cav2.1) are also responsible for vesicle release at synaptic terminals. Up to date, there are very limited reports showing the mechanisms of Cav2.1 in epileptogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the anticonvulsive and neuroprotective effects of ω-agatoxin IVA, a specific Cav2.1 blocker, in a chemical kindling model of epileptogenesis. Righting reflex and inclined plane tests were used to assess motor coordination. Electroencephalography was recorded for electrophysiological monitoring of seizure activity in freely moving rats. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cleaved caspase-3 expressions in the prefrontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and thalamic nucleus. ω-Agatoxin IVA injected into the right lateral ventricle significantly prolonged the onset of seizures in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, repeated intraperitoneal administrations of ω-agatoxin IVA significantly suppressed the development of kindling and epileptic discharges without altering motor coordination. In addition, ω-agatoxin IVA significantly increased BDNF expressions, and decreased cleaved caspase-3 expressions in the brain when compared to PTZ + saline group. Our current study emphasizes the significance of the inhibition of P/Q type calcium channels by ω-agatoxin IVA, which suppresses the development of epileptogenesis and provides a new potential pathway for epilepsy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Yalcin Inan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, University of Konya-NE, 42080 Akyokus, Meram, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Sendegul Yildirim
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Akdeniz, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Gamze Tanriover
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Akdeniz, Antalya, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Akdeniz, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Barkin Ilhan
- Department of Biophysics, Meram Faculty of Medicine, University of Konya-NE, Konya, Turkey
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Bernstein HG, Keilhoff G, Dobrowolny H, Steiner J. The many facets of CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase 4 and its inhibitors in disorders of the CNS - a critical overview. Rev Neurosci 2023; 34:1-24. [PMID: 35771831 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is a serine protease that cleaves X-proline or X-alanine in the penultimate position. Natural substrates of the enzyme are glucagon-like peptide-1, glucagon inhibiting peptide, glucagon, neuropeptide Y, secretin, substance P, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, endorphins, endomorphins, brain natriuretic peptide, beta-melanocyte stimulating hormone and amyloid peptides as well as some cytokines and chemokines. The enzyme is involved in the maintenance of blood glucose homeostasis and regulation of the immune system. It is expressed in many organs including the brain. DPP4 activity may be effectively depressed by DPP4 inhibitors. Apart from enzyme activity, DPP4 acts as a cell surface (co)receptor, associates with adeosine deaminase, interacts with extracellular matrix, and controls cell migration and differentiation. This review aims at revealing the impact of DPP4 and DPP4 inhibitors for several brain diseases (virus infections affecting the brain, tumours of the CNS, neurological and psychiatric disorders). Special emphasis is given to a possible involvement of DPP4 expressed in the brain.While prominent contributions of extracerebral DPP4 are evident for a majority of diseases discussed herein; a possible role of "brain" DPP4 is restricted to brain cancers and Alzheimer disease. For a number of diseases (Covid-19 infection, type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer disease, vascular dementia, Parkinson disease, Huntington disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and epilepsy), use of DPP4 inhibitors has been shown to have a disease-mitigating effect. However, these beneficial effects should mostly be attributed to the depression of "peripheral" DPP4, since currently used DPP4 inhibitors are not able to pass through the intact blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Gert Bernstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto v. Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gerburg Keilhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Otto v. Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Dobrowolny
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto v. Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto v. Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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Maanvi, Kumari S, Deshmukh R. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4(DPP4) inhibitors stride up the management of Parkinson's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 939:175426. [PMID: 36544303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the 2nd most common age-related hypokinetic disorder, characterized by dopaminergic degeneration and movement abnormalities. Dopaminergic degeneration in the basal ganglia is primarily seen in PD patients. The therapeutic strategies currently under investigation are to rescue dopaminergic degeneration and promote neuronal regeneration, which could halt disease progression. On the other hand, the therapeutic efficacy of existing drugs used in other disorders has been repurposed in neurodegenerative pathologies. DPP4 inhibitors widely used in treating diabetes have been considered viable target sites and are being tested for efficacy in neurodegenerative pathologies. DPP4 inhibitors have been reported to rescue neuronal degeneration and improve motor functions in various preclinical and clinical PD studies. The current review is focused on the neuroprotective potential, molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of DPP4 inhibitors in PD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maanvi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Shilpa Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Rahul Deshmukh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, 151001, Punjab, India.
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Hu QP, Yan HX, Peng F, Feng W, Chen FF, Huang XY, Zhang X, Zhou YY, Chen YS. Genistein protects epilepsy-induced brain injury through regulating the JAK2/STAT3 and Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathways in the developing rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 912:174620. [PMID: 34752743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disease. Recurrent seizures can cause irreversible brain damage. This study aimed to explore the regulation of Genistein on JAK2/STAT3 and Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway and the protective effects on brain injury after epilepsy. METHODS Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) was used to induce epilepsy in developing rats and Genistein was used for pretreatment of epilepsy. The seizure latency, grade scores and duration of the first generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTCs) were recorded. Hippocampus tissue was sampled at 24 h post-epilepsy. Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe mature neurons, activated microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampal CA1 region. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to determine the protein and mRNA levels of JAK2, STAT3, TNF-α, IL-1β, Keap1, Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, caspase3, Bax and Bcl2 in the hippocampus. RESULTS Immunofluorescence showed that the number of neurons significantly decreased, and activated microglia and astrocytes significantly increased after epilepsy; Western blot and q-PCR showed that the expressions of JAK2, STAT3, TNF-α, IL-1β, Keap1, caspase3 and Bax significantly increased, while Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1 and Bcl-2 were significantly reduced after epilepsy. These effects were reversed by Genistein treatment. Moreover, Genistein was found to prolong seizure latency and reduce seizure intensity score and duration of generalized tonic-clonic seizures(GTCs) CONCLUSIONS: Genistein can activate the Keap1/Nrf2 antioxidant stress pathway and attenuate the activation of microglia and astrocytes. Genistein also inhibits the JAK2-STAT3 inflammation pathway and expression of apoptotic proteins, and increases the number of surviving neurons, thus having a protective effect on epilepsy-induced brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Peng Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Hong-Xia Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Fang Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Fen-Fang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xiang-Yi Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yang-Yu Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yi-Shui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
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Chen RJ, Lyu YJ, Chen YY, Lee YC, Pan MH, Ho YS, Wang YJ. Chloroquine Potentiates the Anticancer Effect of Pterostilbene on Pancreatic Cancer by Inhibiting Autophagy and Downregulating the RAGE/STAT3 Pathway. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216741. [PMID: 34771150 PMCID: PMC8588513 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a huge challenge, because pro-survival signaling pathways—such as the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway—are overexpressed in PDAC cells. Moreover, PDAC cells are highly resistant to chemotherapeutic agents because of autophagy induction. Therefore, autophagy and its modulated signaling pathways are attractive targets for developing novel therapeutic strategies for PDAC. Pterostilbene is a stilbenoid chemically related to resveratrol, and has potential for the treatment of cancers. Accordingly, we investigated whether the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine could potentiate the anticancer effect of pterostilbene in the PDAC cell lines MIA PaCa-2 and BxPC-3, as well as in an orthotopic animal model. The results indicated that pterostilbene combined with chloroquine significantly inhibited autophagy, decreased cell viability, and sensitized the cells to pterostilbene-induced apoptosis via downregulation of the RAGE/STAT3 and protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways in PDAC cells. The results of the orthotopic animal model showed that pterostilbene combined with chloroquine significantly inhibited pancreatic cancer growth, delayed tumor quadrupling times, and inhibited autophagy and STAT3 in pancreatic tumors. In summary, the present study suggested the novel therapeutic strategy of pterostilbene combined with chloroquine against the growth of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by inhibiting autophagy and downregulating the RAGE/STAT3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Jane Chen
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Jhen Lyu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan; (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-Y.C.)
| | - Yu-Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan; (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-Y.C.)
| | - Yen-Chien Lee
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Executive Yuan, Tainan 70043, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Yuan-Soon Ho
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cancer Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.H.); (Y.-J.W.); Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 3327) (Y.-S.H.); +886-6-235-3535 (ext. 5804) (Y.-J.W.); Fax: +886-6-275-2484 (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Ying-Jan Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan; (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-Y.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Master Degree Program in Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.H.); (Y.-J.W.); Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 3327) (Y.-S.H.); +886-6-235-3535 (ext. 5804) (Y.-J.W.); Fax: +886-6-275-2484 (Y.-J.W.)
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7
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Liu G, Xiao R, Xu L, Cai J. Minireview of Epilepsy Detection Techniques Based on Electroencephalogram Signals. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:685387. [PMID: 34093143 PMCID: PMC8173051 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.685387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders typically characterized by recurrent and uncontrollable seizures, which seriously affects the quality of life of epilepsy patients. The effective tool utilized in the clinical diagnosis of epilepsy is the Electroencephalogram (EEG). The emergence of machine learning promotes the development of automated epilepsy detection techniques. New algorithms are continuously introduced to shorten the detection time and improve classification accuracy. This minireview summarized the latest research of epilepsy detection techniques that focused on acquiring, preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification of epileptic EEG signals. The application of seizure prediction and localization based on EEG signals in the diagnosis of epilepsy was also introduced. And then, the future development trend of epilepsy detection technology has prospected at the end of the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangda Liu
- College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruolan Xiao
- College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lanyu Xu
- College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Cai
- College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Zheng Z, Liang P, Hou B, Lu X, Ma Q, Yu X, Han S, Peng B, Chen T, Liu W, Yin J, He X. The effect of dipeptidyl peptidase IV on disease-associated microglia phenotypic transformation in epilepsy. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:112. [PMID: 33975617 PMCID: PMC8114532 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests that disease-associated microglia (DAM), a recently discovered subset of microglia, plays a protective role in neurological diseases. Targeting DAM phenotypic transformation may provide new therapeutic options. However, the relationship between DAM and epilepsy remains unknown. METHODS Analysis of public RNA-sequencing data revealed predisposing factors (such as dipeptidyl peptidase IV; DPP4) for epilepsy related to DAM conversion. Anti-epileptic effect was assessed by electroencephalogram recordings and immunohistochemistry in a kainic acid (KA)-induced mouse model of epilepsy. The phenotype, morphology and function of microglia were assessed by qPCR, western blotting and microscopic imaging. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that DPP4 participated in DAM conversion and epilepsy. The treatment of sitagliptin (a DPP4 inhibitor) attenuated KA-induced epilepsy and promoted the expression of DAM markers (Itgax and Axl) in both mouse epilepsy model in vivo and microglial inflammatory model in vitro. With sitagliptin treatment, microglial cells did not display an inflammatory activation state (enlarged cell bodies). Furthermore, these microglia exhibited complicated intersections, longer processes and wider coverage of parenchyma. In addition, sitagliptin reduced the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and inhibited the expression of iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6 and the proinflammatory DAM subset gene CD44. CONCLUSION The present results highlight that the DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin can attenuate epilepsy and promote DAM phenotypic transformation. These DAM exhibit unique morphological features, greater migration ability and better surveillance capability. The possible underlying mechanism is that sitagliptin can reduce the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and suppress the inflammatory response mediated by microglia. Thus, we propose DPP4 may act as an attractive direction for DAM research and a potential therapeutic target for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Road No. 185, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Peiyu Liang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Road No. 185, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Baohua Hou
- Medical College, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Road No. 185, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qianwen Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Road No. 185, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaomin Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Road No. 185, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Song Han
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Road No. 185, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Biwen Peng
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Taoxiang Chen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanhong Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Road No. 185, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Xiaohua He
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Road No. 185, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Yossef RR, Al-Yamany MF, Saad MA, El-Sahar AE. Neuroprotective effects of vildagliptin on drug induced Alzheimer's disease in rats with metabolic syndrome: Role of hippocampal klotho and AKT signaling pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 889:173612. [PMID: 33035520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidences suggest the presence of several similarities in the molecular mechanisms underlying the neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic abnormalities. Adults who develop Metabolic Syndrome (MS) are at a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Pharmacological agents, like dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors that increase the levels of glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and ameliorate symptoms of MS, have become an auspicious candidate as disease modifying agents in the treatment of AD. The present study investigates the beneficial effects of Vildagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor in counteracting cognitive decline in different models of dementia targeting the AKT, JAK/STAT signaling pathways and hippocampal Klotho expression, to judge the neuroprotective, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects of the drug. Cognitive decline was induced by either administration of high fat high sugar (HFHS) diet for 45 days alone, or with oral administration of AlCl3 (100 mg/kg/day) for 60 days. Rats were orally administered Vildagliptin (10 mg/kg) for 60 days along with AlCl3 administration. Vildagliptin treatment improved spatial memory and activities in morris water maze (MWM) test and open field test respectively. Results revealed an increase of both hippocampal klotho and Bcl-2 expressions along with an increase in both AKT and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In contrast, Vildagliptin treatment decreased hippocampal contents of inflammatory, apoptotic and oxidative stress biomarkers as TNF-α, caspase-3 and FOXO1 along with restoring metabolic abnormalities. A significant decrease in BAX expressions with JAK2/STAT3 inhibition was observed. These findings demonstrate that the neuroprotective role of vildagliptin is possibly via modulating Klotho protein together with AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha R Yossef
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed F Al-Yamany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | - Ayman E El-Sahar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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10
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Nesci V, Russo E, Arcidiacono B, Citraro R, Tallarico M, Constanti A, Brunetti A, De Sarro G, Leo A. Metabolic Alterations Predispose to Seizure Development in High-Fat Diet-Treated Mice: the Role of Metformin. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4778-4789. [PMID: 32785826 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The link between epilepsy and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and/or metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been poorly investigated. Therefore, we tested whether a high-fat diet (HFD), inducing insulin-resistant diabetes and obesity in mice, would increase susceptibility to develop generalized seizures induced by pentylentetrazole (PTZ) kindling. Furthermore, molecular mechanisms linked to glucose brain transport and the effects of the T2DM antidiabetic drug metformin were also studied along with neuropsychiatric comorbidities. To this aim, two sets of experiments were performed in CD1 mice, in which we firstly evaluated the HFD effects on some metabolic and behavioral parameters in order to have a baseline reference for kindling experiments assessed in the second section of our protocol. We detected that HFD predisposes towards seizure development in the PTZ-kindling model and this was linked to a reduction in glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) expression as observed in GLUT-1 deficiency syndrome in humans but accompanied by a compensatory increase in expression of GLUT-3. While we confirmed that HFD induced neuropsychiatric alterations in the treated mice, it did not change the development of kindling comorbidities. Furthermore, we propose that the beneficial effects of metformin we observed towards seizure development are related to a normalization of both GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 expression levels. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that an altered glycometabolic profile could play a pro-epileptic role in human patients. We therefore recommend that MetS or T2DM should be constantly monitored and possibly avoided in patients with epilepsy, since they could further aggravate this latter condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Nesci
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa e Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emilio Russo
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa e Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy. .,C.I.S.-Interdepartmental Services Centre of Veterinary for Human and Animal Health, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Biagio Arcidiacono
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa e Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rita Citraro
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa e Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Martina Tallarico
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa e Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Andrew Constanti
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29/39 Brunswick Square, London, UK
| | - Antonio Brunetti
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa e Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa e Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Leo
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa e Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
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Safar MM, Shahin NN, Mohamed AF, Abdelkader NF. Suppression of BACE1 and amyloidogenic/RAGE axis by sitagliptin ameliorates PTZ kindling-induced cognitive deficits in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 328:109144. [PMID: 32653415 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The debilitating nature of cognitive impairment in epilepsy and the potential of some traditional antiepileptics to further deteriorate cognitive function are areas of growing concern. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) deficiency has been linked to reduced seizure threshold as well as cognitive dysfunction. Here, we tested whether sitagliptin (SITA), by virtue of its neuroprotective properties, could alleviate both epilepsy and associated cognitive dysfunction in a rat model of kindling epilepsy. Chemical kindling was induced by subconvulsive doses of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) (30 mg/kg; i.p). SITA (50 mg/kg; p.o) was administered 1 h before PTZ injections. SITA conceivably attenuated PTZ hippocampal histological insult, preserved neuronal integrity and amended neurotransmitter perturbations in rat hippocampi paralleled with enhanced hippocampal GLP-1 levels as well as the downstream cAMP content and protein kinase A (PKA) activity. Moreover, SITA improved cognitive functioning of rats in the Morris water maze which was coupled with hampered hippocampal p(Ser404)-tau and β-amyloid proteins. SITA replenished p(Ser9)-glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). It also opposed the boosted matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels associated with PTZ administration along with mitigation of both β-secretase-1 (BACE1) immunoreactivity and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) protein level in rat hippocampi. In conclusion, SITA subdues epileptic and cognitive upshots of PTZ kindling in rats, which might correspond to the modulation of BACE1, amyloidogenic/RAGE axis as well as GSK-3β/MMP-9/BDNF signaling cascade. SITA effects are probably mediated via boosting GLP-1 and subsequently enhancing GLP-1/GLP-1R signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Safar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Pharmacology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nancy N Shahin
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F Mohamed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Noha F Abdelkader
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Yamada S, Nakagawa I, Tamura K, Nishimura F, Motoyama Y, Park YS, Nakase H. Investigation of poststroke epilepsy (INPOSE) study: a multicenter prospective study for prediction of poststroke epilepsy. J Neurol 2020; 267:3274-3281. [PMID: 32561989 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-09982-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Poststroke epilepsy is a common problem in clinical practice. This study aimed to determine the predictors of poststroke epilepsy and to identify the risk factors. METHODS A total of 436 patients were enrolled for this study. Baseline characteristics were recorded. Patients were followed up for 3 years. According to the occurrence of late seizures (i.e., seizure occurring 8 days or later after the stroke), the patients were separated into two groups: a seizure group and a seizure-free group. Baseline characteristics were compared between the groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for occurrence of poststroke epilepsy. The study was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network Center Clinical Trials Registry (registration number UMIN000009659, date 28/December/2012). RESULTS Among the 436 patients, 26 developed late seizures-an incidence rate of 5.96%. In univariate analysis, female, subarachnoid hemorrhage, hemorrhagic lesion, lesion affecting the cortex, lesion affecting the frontal lobe, and absence of comorbidities were the significant risk factors for occurrence of epilepsy. In multivariate analysis, the independent predictors of poststroke epilepsy were hemorrhagic lesion (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.03) and lesion location in the cortex (HR = 4.64). The incidence of poststroke epilepsy in patients with both two risk factors was 15.4%. CONCLUSIONS Poststroke epilepsy occurs in almost 6% of patients within 3 years after stroke onset. Hemorrhagic stroke and subcortical lesion appear to be significantly associated with likelihood of developing epilepsy. Thus, prophylactic administration of antiepileptic drugs could be useful for stroke patients with these two risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Yamada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, 840, Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Nakagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, 840, Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, 840, Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Nishimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, 840, Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Yasushi Motoyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, 840, Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Young-Soo Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, 840, Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakase
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, 840, Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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Inhibition of the NLRP3-inflammasome prevents cognitive deficits in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice via the alteration of astrocyte phenotype. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:377. [PMID: 32415059 PMCID: PMC7229224 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease that is characterized by demyelination and axonal damage in the central nervous system. Cognitive deficits are recognized as one of the features of MS, and these deficits affect the patients’ quality of life. Increasing evidence from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of MS, has suggested that EAE mice exhibit hippocampal impairment and cognitive deficits. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a key contributor to neuroinflammation and is involved in the development of MS and EAE. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia is fundamental for subsequent inflammatory events. Activated microglia can convert astrocytes to the neurotoxic A1 phenotype in a variety of neurological diseases. However, it remains unknown whether the NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to cognitive deficits and astrocyte phenotype alteration in EAE. In this study, we demonstrated that severe memory deficits occurred in the late phase of EAE, and cognitive deficits were ameliorated by treatment with MCC950, an inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome. In addition, MCC950 alleviated hippocampal pathology and synapse loss. Astrocytes from EAE mice were converted to the neurotoxic A1 phenotype, and this conversion was prevented by MCC950 treatment. IL-18, which is the downstream of NLRP3 inflammasome, was sufficient to induce the conversion of astrocytes to the A1 phenotype through the NF-κB pathway. IL-18 induced A1 type reactive astrocytes impaired hippocampal neurons through the release of complement component 3 (C3). Altogether, our present data suggest that the NLRP3 inflammasome plays an important role in cognitive deficits in EAE, possibly via the alteration of astrocyte phenotypes. Our study provides a novel therapeutic strategy for hippocampal impairment in EAE and MS.
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Yamagishi SI, Sotokawauchi A, Matsui T. Pathological Role of Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) and their Receptor Axis in Atrial Fibrillation. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:1040-1048. [PMID: 30854960 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190311140737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) is higher in patients with diabetes, especially those with poor glycemic control or long disease duration. Nonenzymatic glycation of amino acids of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids has progressed under normal aging process and/or diabetic condition, which could lead to the formation and accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs not only alter the tertiary structure and physiological function of macromolecules, but also evoke inflammatory and fibrotic reactions through the interaction of cell surface receptor for AGEs (RAGE), thereby being involved in aging-related disorders. In this paper, we briefly review the association of chronic hyperglycemia and type 1 diabetes with the risk of AF and then discuss the pathological role of AGE-RAGE axis in AF and its thromboembolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho-Ichi Yamagishi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Ami Sotokawauchi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Takanori Matsui
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
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