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Bessa IAA, D'Amato DL, C Souza AB, Levita DP, Mello CC, da Silva AFM, Dos Santos TC, Ronconi CM. Innovating Leishmaniasis Treatment: A Critical Chemist's Review of Inorganic Nanomaterials. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:2485-2506. [PMID: 39001837 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, a critical Neglected Tropical Disease caused by Leishmania protozoa, represents a significant global health risk, particularly in resource-limited regions. Conventional treatments are effective but suffer from serious limitations, such as toxicity, prolonged treatment courses, and rising drug resistance. Herein, we highlight the potential of inorganic nanomaterials as an innovative approach to enhance Leishmaniasis therapy, aligning with the One Health concept by considering these treatments' environmental, veterinary, and public health impacts. By leveraging the adjustable properties of these nanomaterials─including size, shape, and surface charge, tailored treatments for various diseases can be developed that are less harmful to the environment and nontarget species. We review recent advances in metal-, oxide-, and carbon-based nanomaterials for combating Leishmaniasis, examining their mechanisms of action and their dual use as standalone treatments or drug delivery systems. Our analysis highlights a promising yet underexplored frontier in employing these materials for more holistic and effective disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela A A Bessa
- Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus do Valonguinho, Niterói, RJ 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Dayenny L D'Amato
- Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus do Valonguinho, Niterói, RJ 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz C Souza
- Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus do Valonguinho, Niterói, RJ 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Daniel P Levita
- Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus do Valonguinho, Niterói, RJ 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Camille C Mello
- Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus do Valonguinho, Niterói, RJ 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Aline F M da Silva
- Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus do Valonguinho, Niterói, RJ 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Thiago C Dos Santos
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, CT, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Célia M Ronconi
- Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus do Valonguinho, Niterói, RJ 24020-150, Brazil
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Akmayan I, Oztav S, Coksu I, Abamor ES, Acar S, Ozbek T. Construction of recombinant Omp25 or EipB protein loaded PLGA nanovaccines for Brucellosis protection. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:395707. [PMID: 38917779 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad5b66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Safe and effective vaccine candidates are needed to address the limitations of existing vaccines against Brucellosis, a disease responsible for substantial economic losses in livestock. The present study aimed to encapsulate recombinant Omp25 and EipB proteins, knowledged antigen properties, into PLGA nanoparticles, characterize synthesized nanoparticles with different methods, and assessed theirin vitro/in vivoimmunostimulatory activities to develop new vaccine candidates. The recombinant Omp25 and EipB proteins produced with recombinant DNA technology were encapsulated into PLGA nanoparticles by double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. The nanoparticles were characterized using FE-SEM, Zeta-sizer, and FT-IR instruments to determine size, morphology, zeta potentials, and polydispersity index values, as well as to analyze functional groups chemically. Additionally, the release profiles and encapsulation efficiencies were assessed using UV-Vis spectroscopy. After loading with recombinant proteins, O-NPs reached sizes of 221.2 ± 5.21 nm, while E-NPs reached sizes of 274.4 ± 9.51 nm. The cumulative release rates of the antigens, monitored until the end of day 14, were determined to be 90.39% for O-NPs and 56.1% for E-NPs. Following the assessment of thein vitrocytotoxicity and immunostimulatory effects of both proteins and nanoparticles on the J774 murine macrophage cells,in vivoimmunization experiments were conducted using concentrations of 16µg ml-1for each protein. Both free antigens and antigen-containing nanoparticles excessively induced humoral immunity by increasing producedBrucella-specific IgG antibody levels for 3 times in contrast to control. Furthermore, it was also demonstrated that vaccine candidates stimulated Th1-mediated cellular immunity as well since they significantly raised IFN-gamma and IL-12 cytokine levels in murine splenocytes rather than IL-4 following to immunization. Additionally, the vaccine candidates conferred higher than 90% protection from the infection according to challenge results. Our findings reveal that PLGA nanoparticles constructed with the encapsulation of recombinant Omp25 or EipB proteins possess great potential to triggerBrucella-specific humoral and cellular immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkgul Akmayan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, 34220 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sedanur Oztav
- Department of Bioengineering, Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Faculty, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, 34220 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Irem Coksu
- Department of Bioengineering, Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Faculty, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, 34220 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emrah Sefik Abamor
- Department of Bioengineering, Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Faculty, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, 34220 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Acar
- Department of Bioengineering, Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Faculty, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, 34220 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tulin Ozbek
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, 34220 Istanbul, Turkey
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Guerra RO, do Carmo Neto JR, da Silva PEF, Franco PIR, Barbosa RM, de Albuquerque Martins T, Costa-Madeira J, de Assunção TSF, de Oliveira CJF, Machado JR, Silva Teixeira LDA, Rodrigues WF, Júnior VR, Silva ACA, da Silva MV. Metallic nanoparticles and treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis: A systematic review. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 83:127404. [PMID: 38364464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous leishmaniasis (LC) is an infectious vector-borne disease caused by parasites belonging to the genus Leishmania. Metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been investigated as alternatives for the treatment of LC owing to their small size and high surface area. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effect of MNPs in the treatment of LC through experimental, in vitro and in vivo investigations. METHODS The databases used were MEDLINE/ PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Science Direct. Manual searches of the reference lists of the included studies and grey literature were also performed. English language and experimental in vitro and in vivo studies using different Leishmania species, both related to MNP treatment, were included. This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021248245). RESULTS A total of 93 articles were included. Silver nanoparticles are the most studied MNPs, and L. tropica is the most studied species. Among the mechanisms of action of MNPs in vitro, we highlight the production of reactive oxygen species, direct contact of MNPs with the biomolecules of the parasite, and release of metal ions. CONCLUSION MNPs may be considered a promising alternative for the treatment of LC, but further studies are needed to define their efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhanoica Oliveira Guerra
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigues do Carmo Neto
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Priscilla Elias Ferreira da Silva
- Post Graduation Course of Tropical Medicine and Infectology, Institute of Healthy Science´s, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pablo Igor Ribeiro Franco
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Miranda Barbosa
- Department of Basic and Applied Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tarcísio de Albuquerque Martins
- Post-Graduation Course of Healthy Science, Institute of Healthy Science, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana Costa-Madeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais Soares Farnesi de Assunção
- Post Graduation Course of Tropical Medicine and Infectology, Institute of Healthy Science´s, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Reis Machado
- Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciana de Almeida Silva Teixeira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Healthy Science, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wellington Francisco Rodrigues
- Post-Graduation Course of Healthy Science, Institute of Healthy Science, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Virmondes Rodrigues Júnior
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Brazil
| | - Anielle Christine Almeida Silva
- Laboratory of New Nanostructured and Functional Materials, Physics Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinicius da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Brazil.
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Abpeikar Z, Safaei M, Akbar Alizadeh A, Goodarzi A, Hatam G. The novel treatments based on tissue engineering, cell therapy and nanotechnology for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Int J Pharm 2023; 633:122615. [PMID: 36657555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a global public health issue. Conventional treatments have substantial costs, side effects, and parasite resistance. Due to easy application and inexpensive cost, topical treatment is the optimal approach for CL. It could be used alone or with systemic treatments. Electrospun fibers as drug release systems in treating skin lesions have various advantages such as adjustable drug release rate, maintaining appropriate humidity and temperature, gas exchange, plasticity at the lesion site, similarity with the skin extracellular matrix (ECM) and drug delivery with high efficiency. Hydrogels are valuable scaffolds in the treatment of skin lesions. The important features of hydrogels include preserving unstable drugs from degradation, absorption of wound secretions, high biocompatibility, improving the re-epithelialization of the wound and preventing the formation of scars. One of the issues in local drug delivery systems for the skin is the low permeability of drugs in the skin. Polymeric scaffolds that are designed as microneedle patches can penetrate the skin and overcome this challenge. Also, drug delivery using nanocarriers increases the effectiveness of drugs in lower and more tolerable doses and reduces the toxicity of drugs. The application of cell therapy in the treatment of parasitic and infectious diseases has been widely investigated. The complexity of leishmaniasis treatment requires identifying new treatment options like cell therapy to overcome the disease. Topics investigated in this study include drug delivery systems based on tissue engineering scaffolds, nanotechnology and cell therapy-based studies to reduce the complications of CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Abpeikar
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mohsen Safaei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Science and Technology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arash Goodarzi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran; Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hatam
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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5
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dos Santos DB, Lemos JA, Miranda SEM, Di Filippo LD, Duarte JL, Ferreira LAM, Barros ALB, Oliveira AEMFM. Current Applications of Plant-Based Drug Delivery Nano Systems for Leishmaniasis Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2339. [PMID: 36365157 PMCID: PMC9695113 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmania is a trypanosomatid that causes leishmaniasis. It is transmitted to vertebrate hosts during the blood meal of phlebotomine sandflies. The clinical manifestations of the disease are associated with several factors, such as the Leishmania species, virulence and pathogenicity, the host-parasite relationship, and the host's immune system. Although its causative agents have been known and studied for decades, there have been few advances in the chemotherapy of leishmaniasis. The urgency of more selective and less toxic alternatives for the treatment of leishmaniasis leads to research focused on the study of new pharmaceuticals, improvement of existing drugs, and new routes of drug administration. Natural resources of plant origin are promising sources of bioactive substances, and the use of ethnopharmacology and folk medicine leads to interest in studying new medications from phytocomplexes. However, the intrinsic low water solubility of plant derivatives is an obstacle to developing a therapeutic product. Nanotechnology could help overcome these obstacles by improving the availability of common substances in water. To contribute to this scenario, this article provides a review of nanocarriers developed for delivering plant-extracted compounds to treat clinical forms of leishmaniasis and critically analyzing them and pointing out the future perspectives for their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darline B. dos Santos
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitisheck, km 02, Macapá 68902-280, AP, Brazil
| | - Janaina A. Lemos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Antonio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Sued E. M. Miranda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Antonio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Leonardo D. Di Filippo
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, Sao Paulo State University, Rodovia Araraquara/Jaú, Km 01, Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Jonatas L. Duarte
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, Sao Paulo State University, Rodovia Araraquara/Jaú, Km 01, Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas A. M. Ferreira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Antonio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Andre L. B. Barros
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Antonio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Anna E. M. F. M. Oliveira
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitisheck, km 02, Macapá 68902-280, AP, Brazil
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Qureshi KA, Imtiaz M, Al Nasr I, Koko WS, Khan TA, Jaremko M, Mahmood S, Fatmi MQ. Antiprotozoal Activity of Thymoquinone (2-Isopropyl-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone) for the Treatment of Leishmania major-Induced Leishmaniasis: In Silico and In Vitro Studies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091206. [PMID: 36139985 PMCID: PMC9495120 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical parasitic disease (NTPD), is caused by various Leishmania species. It transmits through the bites of the sandfly. The parasite is evolving resistance to commonly prescribed antileishmanial drugs; thus, there is an urgent need to discover novel antileishmanial drugs to combat drug-resistant leishmaniasis. Thymoquinone (2-isopropyl-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone; TQ), a primary pharmacologically active ingredient of Nigella sativa (black seed) essential oil, has been reported to possess significant antiparasitic activity. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the in vitro and in silico antileishmanial activity of TQ against various infectious stages of Leishmania major (L. major), i.e., promastigotes and amastigotes, and its cytotoxicity against mice macrophages. In silico molecular dockings of TQ were also performed with multiple selected target proteins of L. major, and the most preferred antileishmanial drug target protein was subjected to in silico molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The in vitro antileishmanial activity of TQ revealed that the half-maximal effective concentration (EC50), half-maximal cytotoxic concentration (CC50), and selectivity index (SI) values for promastigotes are 2.62 ± 0.12 μM, 29.54 ± 0.07 μM, and 11.27, while for the amastigotes, they are 17.52 ± 0.15 μM, 29.54 ± 0.07 μM, and 1.69, respectively. The molecular docking studies revealed that squalene monooxygenase is the most preferred antileishmanial drug target protein for TQ, whereas triosephosphate isomerase is the least preferred. The MD simulation revealed that TQ remained stable in the binding pocket throughout the simulation. Additionally, the binding energy calculations using Molecular Mechanics Generalized-Born Surface Area (MMGBSA) indicated that TQ is a moderate binder. Thus, the current study shows that TQ is a promising antileishmanial drug candidate that could be used to treat existing drug-resistant leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal A. Qureshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (K.A.Q.); (M.Q.F.)
| | - Mahrukh Imtiaz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 45600, Pakistan
| | - Ibrahim Al Nasr
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed S. Koko
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq A. Khan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - M. Qaiser Fatmi
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 45600, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (K.A.Q.); (M.Q.F.)
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7
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Islamuddin M, Ali A, Afzal O, Ali A, Ali I, Altamimi AS, Alamri MA, Kato K, Parveen S. Thymoquinone Induced Leishmanicidal Effect via Programmed Cell Death in Leishmania donovani. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:10718-10728. [PMID: 35382308 PMCID: PMC8973115 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or kala-azar is a vector-borne dreaded protozoal infection that is caused by the parasite Leishmania donovani. With increases in the dramatic infection rates, present drug toxicity, resistance, and the absence of an approved vaccine, the development of new antileishmanial compounds from plant sources remains the keystone for the control of visceral leishmaniasis. In this study, we evaluated the leishmanicidal effect of thymoquinone against L. donovani with an in vitro and ex vivo model. Thymoquinone exhibited potent antipromastigote activity with IC50 and IC90 concentrations achieved at 6.33 ± 1.21 and 20.71 ± 2.15 μM, respectively, whereas the IC50 and IC90 concentrations were found to be 7.83 ± 1.65 and 27.25 ± 2.20 μM against the intramacrophagic form of amastigotes, respectively. Morphological changes in promastigotes and growth reversibility study following treatment confirmed the leishmanicidal effect of thymoquinone. Further, thymoquinone exhibited leishmanicidal activities against L. donovani promastigote through cytoplasmic shrinkage, membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, cellular and nuclear shrinkage, and DNA fragmentation, as observed under scanning and transmission electron microscopy analyses. The antileishmanial activity was exerted via programmed cell death as proved by exposure of phosphatidylserine, DNA nicking by TUNEL assay, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Thymoquinone at a concentration of 200 μM was devoid of any cytotoxic effects against mammalian macrophage cells. Thymoquinone showed strong leishmanicidal activity against L. donovani, which is mediated via an apoptosis mode of parasitic cell death, and accordingly, thymoquinone may be the source of a new lead molecule for the cure of VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Islamuddin
- Molecular
Virology Laboratory, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic
Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
- Laboratory
of Sustainable Animal Environment, Graduate School of Agricultural
Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi 989-6711, Japan
| | - Abuzer Ali
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taif
University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amena Ali
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Intzar Ali
- Department
of Microbiology, Hamdard Institute of Medical
Sciences & Research, New Delhi 110062, India
| | | | - Mubarak A. Alamri
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kentaro Kato
- Laboratory
of Sustainable Animal Environment, Graduate School of Agricultural
Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi 989-6711, Japan
| | - Shama Parveen
- Molecular
Virology Laboratory, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic
Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
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Guerra RO, do Carmo Neto JR, de Albuquerque Martins T, Farnesi-de-Assunção TS, Junior VR, de Oliveira CJF, Silva ACA, da Silva MV. Metallic Nanoparticles: A New Frontier in the Fight Against Leishmaniasis. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:4547-4573. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220225111052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Leishmaniasis is a cutaneous, mucocutaneous, or visceral parasitic disease caused by protozoa of the Leishmania genus. According to the World Health Organization, Leishmaniasis causes approximately 20–40 thousand deaths annually, and Brazil, India, and some countries in Africa are the most affected by this neglected disease. In addition to parasite’s ability to evade the host’s immune system, the incidence of vectors, the genetics of different hosts, and the large number of deaths are mainly due to failures in conventional treatments that have high toxicity, low effectiveness, and prolonged therapeutic regimens. Thus, the development of new alternative therapeutics with more effective and safer actions has become one of the main challenges for researchers studying leishmaniasis. Among the many research and tested options, metallic nanoparticles, such as gold, silver, zinc oxide, and titanium dioxide, have been shown to be one of the most promising therapeutic tool because they are easily prepared and chemically modified, have a broad spectrum of action, low toxicity, and can generate reactive oxygen species and other immune responses that favor their use against different species of Leishmania. This review explores the progress of the use of metallic nanoparticles as a new tool in the treatment of leishmaniasis, as well as discusses the gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed to consolidate a safe, effective, and definitive therapeutic intervention against these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhanoica Oliveira Guerra
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences of Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigues do Carmo Neto
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, Brazil
| | - Tarcísio de Albuquerque Martins
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences of Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thaís Soares Farnesi-de-Assunção
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences of Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Virmondes Rodrigues Junior
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences of Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlo José Freire de Oliveira
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences of Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anielle Christine Almeida Silva
- Laboratório de Novos Materiais Nanoestruturados e Funcionais (LNMIS), Physics Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinicius da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences of Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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9
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Want MY, Yadav P, Khan R, Chouhan G, Islamuddin M, Aloyouni SY, Chattopadhyay AP, AlOmar SY, Afrin F. Critical Antileishmanial in vitro Effects of Highly Examined Gold Nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:7285-7295. [PMID: 34737566 PMCID: PMC8560327 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s268548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The current therapeutic armory for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania donovani complex is inadequate, coupled with serious limitations. Combination therapy has proved ineffective due to mounting resistance; however, the search for safe and effective drugs is desirable, in the absence of any vaccine. There is a growing interest in the application of nanoparticles for the therapeutic effectiveness of leishmaniasis. Aimed in this direction, we assessed the antileishmanial effect of gold nanoparticles (GNP) against L. donovani in vitro. Methods GNP were synthesized and characterized for particle size by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) and for optical properties by UV-visible spectroscopy. Cytotoxicity of GNP was measured by the MTT proliferation assay. The antileishmanial activity of the nanoparticles was evaluated against L. donovani promastigotes and macrophage-infected amastigotes in vitro. Results GNP showed a strong SPR peak at 520 nm and mean particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential of 56.0 ± 10 nm, 0.3 ± 0.1 and −27.0 ± 3 mV, respectively. The GNPs were smooth and spherical with a mean particle diameter of 20 ± 5 nm. Nanoparticles [1.2–100 µM] did not reveal any cytotoxicity on RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line, but exerted significant activity against both promastigotes and amastigote stages of L. donovani with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 18.4 ± 0.4 µM and 5.0 ± 0.3 µM, respectively. GNP showed significant antileishmanial activity with deformed morphology of parasites and the least number of surviving promastigotes after growth reversibility analysis. Conclusion GNP may provide a platform to conjugate antileishmanial drugs onto the surface of nanoparticles to enhance their therapeutic effectiveness against VL. Further work is warranted, involving more in-depth mechanistic studies and in vivo investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzamil Yaqub Want
- Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India.,Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Priya Yadav
- Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India.,Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, 741235, India
| | - Rakin Khan
- Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Garima Chouhan
- Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
| | - Mohammad Islamuddin
- Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India.,Molecular Virology and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Sheka Yagub Aloyouni
- Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Suliman Yousef AlOmar
- Doping Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhat Afrin
- Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madina, 41477, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Ilyas M, Waris A, Khan AU, Zamel D, Yar L, Baset A, Muhaymin A, Khan S, Ali A, Ahmad A. Biological synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles from plants and microorganisms and their potential biomedical applications. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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11
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Multifunctional Therapeutic Potential of Phytocomplexes and Natural Extracts for Antimicrobial Properties. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10091076. [PMID: 34572660 PMCID: PMC8468069 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have been known for their antimicrobial factors since time immemorial. Infectious diseases are a worldwide burden that have been deteriorating because of the improvement of species impervious to various anti-infection agents. Hence, the distinguishing proof of antimicrobial specialists with high-power dynamic against MDR microorganisms is central to conquer this issue. Successful treatment of infection involves the improvement of new drugs or some common source of novel medications. Numerous naturally occurring antimicrobial agents can be of plant origin, animal origin, microbial origin, etc. Many plant and animal products have antimicrobial activities due to various active principles, secondary metabolites, or phytochemicals like alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, essential oils, flavonoids, lectins, phagocytic cells, and many other organic constituents. Phytocomplexes’ antimicrobial movement frequently results from a few particles acting in cooperative energy, and the clinical impacts might be because of the direct effects against microorganisms. The restorative plants that may furnish novel medication lead the antimicrobial movement. The purpose of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial properties of the phytocomplexes and natural extracts of the plants that are ordinarily being utilized as conventional medications and then recommended the chance of utilizing them in drugs for the treatment of multiple drug-resistant disease.
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12
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Briones Nieva CA, Cid AG, Romero AI, García-Bustos MF, Villegas M, Bermúdez JM. An appraisal of the scientific current situation and new perspectives in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Acta Trop 2021; 221:105988. [PMID: 34058160 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a Neglected Tropical Diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. It is a major health problem in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world and can produce three different clinical manifestations, among which cutaneous leishmaniasis has a higher incidence in the world than the other clinical forms. There are no recognized and reliable means of chemoprophylaxis or vaccination against infections with different forms of leishmaniasis. In addition, chemotherapy, unfortunately, remains, in many respects, unsatisfactory. Therefore, there is a continuing and urgent need for new therapies against leishmaniasis that are safe and effective in inducing a long-term cure. This review summarizes the latest advances in currently available treatments and improvements in the development of drug administration. In addition, an analysis of the in vivo assays was performed and the challenges facing promising strategies to treat CL are discussed. The treatment of leishmaniasis will most likely evolve into an approach that uses multiple therapies simultaneously to reduce the possibility of developing drug resistance. There is a continuous effort to discover new drugs to improve the treatment of leishmaniasis, but this is mainly at the level of individual researchers. Undoubtedly, more funding is needed in this area, as well as greater participation of the pharmaceutical industry to focus efforts on the development of chemotherapeutic agents and vaccines for this and other neglected tropical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Briones Nieva
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química, Universidad Nacional de Salta - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. Bolivia 5150, (4400) Salta, Argentina
| | - Alicia Graciela Cid
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química, Universidad Nacional de Salta - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. Bolivia 5150, (4400) Salta, Argentina
| | - Analía Irma Romero
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química, Universidad Nacional de Salta - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. Bolivia 5150, (4400) Salta, Argentina
| | - María Fernanda García-Bustos
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, Universidad Nacional de Salta - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Salta, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Villegas
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química, Universidad Nacional de Salta - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. Bolivia 5150, (4400) Salta, Argentina
| | - José María Bermúdez
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química, Universidad Nacional de Salta - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. Bolivia 5150, (4400) Salta, Argentina.
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13
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Kammona O, Tsanaktsidou E. Nanotechnology-aided diagnosis, treatment and prevention of leishmaniasis. Int J Pharm 2021; 605:120761. [PMID: 34081999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a prevalent parasitic infection belonging to neglected tropical diseases. It is caused by Leishmania protozoan parasites transmitted by sandflies and it is responsible for increased morbidity/mortality especially in low- and middle-income countries. The lack of cheap, portable, easy to use diagnostic tools exhibiting high efficiency and specificity impede the early diagnosis of the disease. Furthermore, the typical anti-leishmanial agents are cytotoxic, characterized by low patient compliance and require long-term regimen and usually hospitalization. In addition, due to the intracellular nature of the disease, the existing treatments exhibit low bioavailability resulting in low therapeutic efficacy. The above, combined with the common development of resistance against the anti-leishmanial agents, denote the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, the lack of effective prophylactic vaccines hinders the control of the disease. The development of nanoparticle-based biosensors and nanocarrier-aided treatment and vaccination strategies could advance the diagnosis, therapy and prevention of leishmaniasis. The present review intends to highlight the various nanotechnology-based approaches pursued until now to improve the detection of Leishmania species in biological samples, decrease the side effects and increase the efficacy of anti-leishmanial drugs, and induce enhanced immune responses, specifically focusing on the outcome of their preclinical and clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kammona
- Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, P.O. Box 60361, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Evgenia Tsanaktsidou
- Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, P.O. Box 60361, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Jamshaid H, Din FU, Khan GM. Nanotechnology based solutions for anti-leishmanial impediments: a detailed insight. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:106. [PMID: 33858436 PMCID: PMC8051083 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00853-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a neglected tropical disease, Leishmaniasis is significantly instigating morbidity and mortality across the globe. Its clinical spectrum varies from ulcerative cutaneous lesions to systemic immersion causing hyperthermic hepato-splenomegaly. Curbing leishmanial parasite is toughly attributable to the myriad obstacles in existing chemotherapy and immunization. Since the 1990s, extensive research has been conducted for ameliorating disease prognosis, by resolving certain obstacles of conventional therapeutics viz. poor efficacy, systemic toxicity, inadequate drug accumulation inside the macrophage, scarce antigenic presentation to body's immune cells, protracted length and cost of the treatment. Mentioned hurdles can be restricted by designing nano-drug delivery system (nano-DDS) of extant anti-leishmanials, phyto-nano-DDS, surface modified-mannosylated and thiolated nano-DDS. Likewise, antigen delivery with co-transportation of suitable adjuvants would be achievable through nano-vaccines. In the past decade, researchers have engineered nano-DDS to improve the safety profile of existing drugs by restricting their release parameters. Polymerically-derived nano-DDS were found as a suitable option for oral delivery as well as SLNs due to pharmacokinetic re-modeling of drugs. Mannosylated nano-DDS have upgraded macrophage internalizing of nanosystem and the entrapped drug, provided with minimal toxicity. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) was tackling by the utilization of nano-DDS designed for topical delivery including niosomes, liposomes, and transfersomes. Transfersomes, however, appears to be superior for this purpose. The nanotechnology-based solution to prevent parasitic resistance is the use of Thiolated drug-loaded and multiple drugs loaded nano-DDS. These surfaces amended nano-DDS possess augmented IC50 values in comparison to conventional drugs and un-modified nano-DDS. Phyto-nano-DDS, another obscure horizon, have also been evaluated for their anti-leishmanial response, however, more intense assessment is a prerequisite. Impoverished Cytotoxic T-cells response followed by Leishmanial antigen proteins delivery have also been vanquished using nano-adjuvants. The eminence of nano-DDS for curtailment of anti-leishmanial chemotherapy and immunization associated challenges are extensively summed up in this review. This expedited approach is ameliorating the Leishmaniasis management successfully. Alongside, total to partial eradication of this disease can be sought along with associated co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humzah Jamshaid
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar Ud Din
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
- Islamia College University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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15
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Bagirova M, Dinparvar S, Allahverdiyev AM, Unal K, Abamor ES, Novruzova M. Investigation of antileshmanial activities of Cuminum cyminum based green silver nanoparticles on L. tropica promastigotes and amastigotes in vitro. Acta Trop 2020; 208:105498. [PMID: 32428676 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is one of the most important parasitic diseases, which is caused by Leishmania species. Nowadays; although pentavalent antimonials are used as the basic treatment option for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, high cost, toxicity and resistance of the parasites to the medication over time are some important limitations causing several problems in the treatment. In recent years, the progress in the field of green nanotechnology provides the development of green nanoparticle-based treatment methods for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. The importance of green nanoparticles has gradually increased due to their special reductive, stabilizing, antioxidant and non-toxic properties. Although there are many studies based on green nanoparticles against Leishmania parasites, we have not found any research about antileishmanial activities of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (Bio-AgNPs) using Cuminum cyminum L (Cumin) seed extract. Therefore for the first time in this study in vitro antileishmanial effects of Bio-AgNPs prepared from Cumin seed extract were examined on L. tropica promastigote and amastigote forms and their efficacies were compared with chemically synthetized AgNPs. During the experiments, antileishmanial effects of synthetized nanoparticles were determined on both promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania parasites by detecting different parameters such as proliferation, infection index and produced nitric oxide (NO) amounts from macrophages. According to the results, it was shown that Bio-AgNPs and AgNPs excessively inhibited L. tropica promastigotes and amastigotes by significantly decreasing proliferation rates of promastigotes and metabolic activities of amastigotes, as well. Moreover, infection index rates of macrophages revealed remarkable anti-amastigote performances of Bio-AgNPs. Besides, Bio-AgNPs stimulated macrophages to release NO to kill Leishmania parasites. Consequently, for the first time, Bio-AgNPs were found to be more effective on both forms of Leishmania parasites than AgNPs. Obtained results indicated high antileishmanial potential of green nanoparticles on L. tropica parasites, causative agents of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Thus, obtained results demonstrated that green nanoparticles can lead to the development of new, safer, stable and more effective antileishmanial formulations against Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melahat Bagirova
- Department of Bioengineering, Yıldız Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sahar Dinparvar
- Department of Bioengineering, Yıldız Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Adil M Allahverdiyev
- Department of Bioengineering, Yıldız Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Kubra Unal
- Department of Bioengineering, Yıldız Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emrah Sefik Abamor
- Department of Bioengineering, Yıldız Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Metanet Novruzova
- Departmant of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan
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16
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Dolat E, Salarabadi SS, Layegh P, Jaafari MR, Sazgarnia S, Sazgarnia A. The effect of UV radiation in the presence of TiO2-NPs on Leishmania major promastigotes. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129558. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Ahmad A, Ullah S, Syed F, Tahir K, Khan AU, Yuan Q. Biogenic metal nanoparticles as a potential class of antileishmanial agents: mechanisms and molecular targets. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:809-828. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, a category 1 disease, has remained neglected for decades, and therefore, has developed into a severe health problem worldwide. Unfortunately, the available antileishmanial drugs are limited, and the parasites have shown an inevitable resistance toward most of these drugs. All these factors pose a barrier to control the parasite at present. Hence, new strategies are needed to develop more effective and less toxic nanomedicines that could treat and manage the Leishmania parasite. One of these effective strategies is to construct nanometals with biologically active molecules that could possess dynamic antileishmanial activities with desirable biocompatibility. In this review paper, antileishmanial potencies of different metal nanoparticles, with particular emphasis on biogenic metal nanoparticles from 2011 to 2019, are summarized. The mechanisms by which metal-based nanomedicines kill Leishmania are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Ahmad
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science & Engineering (BAIC-SM), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Sadeeq Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 East Road of North Third Ring, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Fatima Syed
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Kamran Tahir
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University D.I. Khan, KP, 29050, Pakistan
| | - Arif U Khan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science & Engineering (BAIC-SM), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science & Engineering (BAIC-SM), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
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Rabia S, Khaleeq N, Batool S, Dar MJ, Kim DW, Din FU, Khan GM. Rifampicin-loaded nanotransferosomal gel for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis: passive targeting via topical route. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:183-203. [PMID: 31916472 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: In this study, the targeting of rifampicin (RIF)-loaded nanotransfersomes (NTs) incorporated in chitosan gel for leishmania-infected macrophages via the topical route was investigated. Materials & methods: NTs were prepared through a thin-film hydration process and incorporated into chitosan gel. Results: The mean particle size of the NTs was 190 nm, with 83% encapsulation efficiency. The permeation rate of the NTs was threefold higher than that of the RIF solution. The NTs improved cellular internalization via passive targeting, which was confirmed by macrophage uptake evaluation. A low IC50 value, flow cytometry analysis and in vivo study demonstrated the RIF-loaded NTs enhanced apoptosis and had better antileishmanial effects. Conclusion: RIF-loaded NT gel could be a fitting carrier for the delivery of antileishmanial drugs in cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samreen Rabia
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45230, Pakistan
| | - Nadra Khaleeq
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45230, Pakistan
| | - Sibgha Batool
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45230, Pakistan
| | | | - Dong Wuk Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Fakhar-Ud Din
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45230, Pakistan
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45230, Pakistan
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Valle IV, Machado ME, Araújo CDCB, da Cunha-Junior EF, da Silva Pacheco J, Torres-Santos EC, da Silva LCRP, Cabral LM, do Carmo FA, Sathler PC. Oral pentamidine-loaded poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles: an alternative approach for leishmaniasis treatment. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:455102. [PMID: 31365912 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab373e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a group of diseases caused by a protozoa parasite from one of over 20 Leishmania species. Depending on the tissues infected, these diseases are classified as cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. For the treatment of leishmaniasis refractory to antimony-based drugs, pentamidine (PTM) is a molecule of great interest. However, PTM displays poor bioavailability through oral routes due to its two strongly basic amidine moieties, which restricts its administration by a parenteral route and limits its clinical use. Among various approaches, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems (nano-DDS) have potential to overcome the challenges associated with PTM oral administration. Here, we present the development of PTM-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) with a focus on the characterization of their physicochemical properties and potential application as an oral treatment of leishmaniasis. NPs were prepared by a double emulsion methodology. The physicochemical properties were characterized through the mean particle size, polydispersity index (PdI), zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, yield process, drug loading, morphology, in vitro drug release and in vivo pharmacological activity. The PTM-loaded PLGA NPs presented with a size of 263 ± 5 nm (PdI = 0.17 ± 0.02), an almost neutral charge (-3.2 ± 0.8 mV) and an efficiency for PTM entrapment of 91.5%. The release profile, based on PTM dissolution, could be best described by a zero-order model, followed by a drug diffusion profile that fit to the Higuchi model. In addition, in vivo assay showed the efficacy of orally given PTM-loaded PLGA NPs (0.4 mg kg-1) in infected BALB/c mice, with significant reduction of organ weight and parasite load in spleen (p-value < 0.05). This work successfully reported the oral use of PTM-loaded NPs, with a high potential for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis, opening a new perspective to utilization of this drug in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Viol Valle
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Ghasemi E, Ghaffarifar F, Dalimi A, Sadraei J. In-vitro and In-vivo Antileishmanial Activity of a Compound Derived of Platinum, Oxaliplatin, against Leishmania Major. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2019; 18:2028-2041. [PMID: 32184867 PMCID: PMC7059061 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.15364.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the antileishmanial efficacy of oxaliplatin against Leishmania major (L. major) both in-vitro and in-vivo. The IC50, CC50, and SI of oxaliplatin against promastigotes, murine macrophages, Raw 264.7 cells, and intramacrophage amastigotes of L. major were investigated in-vitro. The effects of this drug on intracellular amastigotes were also assayed, and the percentage of infectivity and IIR were calculated. Flow cytometry was performed to assay apoptosis, using 50 and 100 µg/mL of oxaliplatin in the promastigotes and macrophages. In-vivo, the BALB/c mice were classified into three groups, receiving oxaliplatin, glucantime, and phosphate-buffered saline for one month, respectively. The lesion size, IFN-γ, and IL-4 levels, and parasite burden were also evaluated in the animals. After 72 h, the IC50 and CC50 of oxaliplatin against promastigotes and macrophages were respectively 0.5 and 66.78 µg/mL. The apoptosis of promastigotes and macrophages using 50 µg/mL of oxaliplatin was 7.25% and 2.14%, respectively, while apoptosis induced at 100 µg/mL was 15.48% and 2.80%, respectively. Similar to the glucantime group, the mice treated with oxaliplatin showed a lower parasite burden and smaller lesions, compared with the PBS group (p < 0.01). Furthermore, higher IFN-γ levels were reported in mice receiving oxaliplatin in comparison with those receiving PBS (p < 0.01). The current findings indicated the efficacy of oxaliplatin against promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania and L. major-induced leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Ghaffarifar
- Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Abamor ES, Tosyali OA, Bagirova M, Allahverdiyev A. Nigella sativa oil entrapped polycaprolactone nanoparticles for leishmaniasis treatment. IET Nanobiotechnol 2018; 12:1018-1026. [PMID: 30964007 PMCID: PMC8676622 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2018.5115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is the first to investigate the antileishmanial activities of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) entrapped poly-ɛ-caprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles on Leishmania infantum promastigotes and amastigotes in vitro. NSO molecules with variable initial doses of 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg were successfully encapsulated into PCL nanoparticles identified as formulations NSO1, NSO2, NSO3, and NSO4, respectively. This process was characterised by scanning electron microscope, dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared, encapsulation efficiency measurements, and release profile evaluations. The resulting synthetised nanoparticles had sizes ranging between 200 and 390 nm. PCL nanoparticles encapsulated 98% to 80% of initial doses of NSO and after incubation released approximately 85% of entrapped oil molecules after 288 h. All investigated formulations demonstrated strong antileishmanial effects on L. infantum promastigotes by inhibiting up to 90% of parasites after 192 h. The tested formulations decreased infection indexes of macrophages in a range between 2.4- and 4.1-fold in contrast to control, thus indicating the strong anti-amastigote activities of NSO encapsulated PCL nanoparticles. Furthermore, NSO-loaded PCL nanoparticles showed immunomodulatory effects by increasing produced nitric oxide amounts within macrophages by 2-3.5-fold in contrast to use of free oil. The obtained data showed significant antileishmanial effects of NSO encapsulated PCL nanoparticles on L. infantum promastigotes and amastigotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Sefik Abamor
- Bioengineering Department, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ozlem Ayse Tosyali
- Bioengineering Department, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melahat Bagirova
- Bioengineering Department, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Adil Allahverdiyev
- Bioengineering Department, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
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22
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Nanoparticles and their antimicrobial properties against pathogens including bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses. Microb Pathog 2018; 123:505-526. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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23
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Ghitman J, Stan R, Cecoltan S, Chifiriuc MC, Iovu H. Hybrid nanocarriers based on PLGA-vegetable oil: A novel approach for high lipophilic drug delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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24
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de Souza A, Marins DSS, Mathias SL, Monteiro LM, Yukuyama MN, Scarim CB, Löbenberg R, Bou-Chacra NA. Promising nanotherapy in treating leishmaniasis. Int J Pharm 2018; 547:421-431. [PMID: 29886097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniases are infectious diseases caused by an intracellular protozoan in humans by 20 different species of Leishmania among more than 53 species. There are at least twelve million cases of infections worldwide and three hundred and fifty million people are at risk in at least 98 developing countries in Africa, South-East Asia, and the Americas. Only Brazil presented high burden for both visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and cutaneous (CL). Chemotherapy is the main means of dealing with this infection. Nevertheless, only a few effective drugs are available, and each has a particular disadvantage; toxicity and long-term regimens compromise most chemotherapeutic options, which decreases patient compliance and adherence to the treatment and consequently the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Nano drug delivery systems (NanoDDS) can direct antileishmanial drug substances for intracellular localization in macrophage-rich organs such as bone marrow, liver, and spleen. This strategy can improve the therapeutic efficacy and reduce the toxic effects of several antileishmanial drug substances. This review is an effort to comprehensively compile recent findings, with the aim of advancing understanding of the importance of nanotechnology for treating leishmaniases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline de Souza
- University of São Paulo, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue, 580, Bl-13/15, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Débora Soares Souza Marins
- University of São Paulo, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue, 580, Bl-13/15, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Samir Leite Mathias
- Federal University of São Carlos, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, João Leme dos Santos Highway, Km 110, 18052-780 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Lis Marie Monteiro
- University of São Paulo, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue, 580, Bl-13/15, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Megumi Nishitani Yukuyama
- University of São Paulo, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue, 580, Bl-13/15, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cauê Benito Scarim
- São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Rodovia Araraquara Jaú, Km 01 - s/n, 14800-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Raimar Löbenberg
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N8, Canada.
| | - Nádia Araci Bou-Chacra
- University of São Paulo, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue, 580, Bl-13/15, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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25
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Lopera A, Velásquez A, Clementino L, Robledo S, Montoya A, de Freitas L, Bezzon V, Fontana C, Garcia C, Graminha M. Solution-combustion synthesis of doped TiO 2 compounds and its potential antileishmanial activity mediated by photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 183:64-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Isaac-Márquez AP, Talamás-Rohana P, Galindo-Sevilla N, Gaitan-Puch SE, Díaz-Díaz NA, Hernández-Ballina GA, Lezama-Dávila CM. Decanethiol functionalized silver nanoparticles are new powerful leishmanicidals in vitro. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:38. [PMID: 29460068 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2420-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated, for the first time, the leishmanicidal potential of decanethiol functionalized silver nanoparticles (AgNps-SCH) on promastigotes and amastigotes of different strains and species of Leishmania: L. mexicana and L. major isolated from different patients suffering from localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and L. mexicana isolated from a patient suffering from diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL). We recorded the kinetics of promastigote growth by daily parasite counting for 5 days, promastigote mobility, parasite reproduction by CFSE staining's protocol and promastigote killing using the propidium iodide assay. We also recorded IC50's of promastigotes and amastigotes, therapeutic index, and cytotoxicity by co-culturing macrophages with AgNps-SCH or sodium stibogluconate (Sb) used as reference drug. We used Sb as a reference drug since it is used as the first line treatment for all different types of leishmaniasis. At concentrations 10,000 times lower than those used with Sb, AgNps-SCH had a remarkable leishmanicidal effect in all tested strains of parasites and there was no toxicity to J774A.1 macrophages since > 85% were viable at the concentrations used. Therapeutic index was about 20,000 fold greater than the corresponding one for Sb treated cells. AgNps-SCH inhibited > 80% promastigote proliferation in all tested parasites. These results demonstrate there is a high leishmanicidal potential of AgNps-SCH at concentrations of 0.04 µM. Although more studies are needed, including in vivo testing of AgNps-SCH against different types of leishmaniasis, they can be considered a potential new treatment alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Isaac-Márquez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Av. Patricio Trueba de Regil s/n, Col. Lindavista, C.P. 24090, San Francisco de Campeche, Camp, Mexico.
| | - P Talamás-Rohana
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - N Galindo-Sevilla
- Departamento de Infectología e Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Montes Urales 800, Colonia Lomas de Virreyes, C.P. 11000, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - S E Gaitan-Puch
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Av. Patricio Trueba de Regil s/n, Col. Lindavista, C.P. 24090, San Francisco de Campeche, Camp, Mexico
| | - N A Díaz-Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Av. Patricio Trueba de Regil s/n, Col. Lindavista, C.P. 24090, San Francisco de Campeche, Camp, Mexico
| | - G A Hernández-Ballina
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Av. Patricio Trueba de Regil s/n, Col. Lindavista, C.P. 24090, San Francisco de Campeche, Camp, Mexico
| | - C M Lezama-Dávila
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Av. Patricio Trueba de Regil s/n, Col. Lindavista, C.P. 24090, San Francisco de Campeche, Camp, Mexico.
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Novel and environmental friendly approach; Impact of Neem (Azadirachta indica) gum nano formulation (NGNF) on Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) and Spodoptera litura (Fab.). Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:59-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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28
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Costa Silva LP, Oliveira JP, Keijok WJ, da Silva AR, Aguiar AR, Guimarães MCC, Ferraz CM, Araújo JV, Tobias FL, Braga FR. Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the cell-free filtrate of nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:6373-6381. [PMID: 28919741 PMCID: PMC5587170 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s137703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) using biological systems such as fungi has evolved to become an important area of nanobiotechnology. Herein, we report for the first time the extracellular synthesis of highly stable silver NPs (AgNPs) using the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001). The fungal cell-free filtrate was analyzed by the Bradford method and 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid assay and used to synthesize the AgNPs in the presence of a 1 mM AgNO3 solution. They have been characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, Zeta potential measurements, Fourier-transform infrared, and Raman spectroscopes. UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed bioreduction, while X-ray diffractometry established the crystalline nature of the AgNPs. Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy images showed approximately 11, 38 nm monodisperse and quasispherical AgNPs. Zeta potential analysis was able to show a considerable stability of AgNPs. The N-H stretches in Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicate the presence of protein molecules. The Raman bands suggest that chitinase was involved in the growth and stabilization of AgNPs, through the coating of the particles. Our results show that the NPs we synthesized have good stability, high yield, and monodispersion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jairo Pinto Oliveira
- Morphology Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - André Romero da Silva
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Espírito Santo, Aracruz, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Anderson Rocha Aguiar
- Department of Parasitology, University Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Magri Ferraz
- Department of Parasitology, University Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Jackson Victor Araújo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando Luiz Tobias
- Department of Microbiology, University Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Ribeiro Braga
- Department of Parasitology, University Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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Akbari M, Oryan A, Hatam G. Application of nanotechnology in treatment of leishmaniasis: A Review. Acta Trop 2017; 172:86-90. [PMID: 28460833 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by a protozoan species of the genus Leishmania affecting mostly the developing countries. The disease with current mortality rate of 50,000 deaths per year threatens approximately 350 million people in more than 90 countries all over the world. Cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis are the most frequent forms of the disease. Chemotherapy still relies on the use of pentavalent antimonials, amphotericin B, liposomal amphotericin B and miltefosin. Treatment of leishmaniasis has remained insufficient since the current antileishmanial agents have several limitations including low efficacy, toxicity, adverse side effects, drug-resistance, length of treatment and cost lines. Consequently, there is an immediate requirement to search for new antileishmanial compounds. New drug delivery devices transport antileishmanial drug to the target cell specifically with minimizing the toxic effects to normal cells. This study attempts to present a comprehensive overview of different approaches of nanotechnology in treatment of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Akbari
- Department of Parasitology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Oryan
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Hatam
- Department of Parasitology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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30
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Solving the challenge of the blood-brain barrier to treat infections caused by Trypanosoma evansi: evaluation of nerolidol-loaded nanospheres in mice. Parasitology 2017. [PMID: 28641606 DOI: 10.1017/s003118201700110x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in therapies against Trypanosoma evansi, its effective elimination from the central nervous system (CNS) remains a difficult task. The incapacity of trypanocidal drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after systemic administrations makes the brain the main refuge area for T. evansi. Nanotechnology is showing great potential to improve drug efficacy, such as nerolidol-loaded nanospheres (N-NS). Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the treatment with N-NS was able to cross the BBB and to eliminate T. evansi from the CNS. High-performance liquid chromatography revealed that N-NS can cross the BBB of T. evansi-infected mice, while free nerolidol (F-N) neither the trypanocidal drug diminazene aceturate (D.A.) were not detected in the brain tissue. Polymerase chain reaction revealed that 100% of the animals treated with N-NS were negatives for T. evansi in the brain tissue, while all infected animals treated with F-N or D.A. were positives. Thus, we concluded that nanotechnology improves the therapeutic efficacy of nerolidol, and enables the transport of its active principle through the BBB. In summary, N-NS treatment can eliminate the parasite from the CNS, and possesses potential to treat infected animals.
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31
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Lima DDS, Gullon B, Cardelle-Cobas A, Brito LM, Rodrigues KAF, Quelemes PV, Ramos-Jesus J, Arcanjo DDR, Plácido A, Batziou K, Quaresma P, Eaton P, Delerue-Matos C, Carvalho FAA, da Silva DA, Pintado M, Leite JRDSA. Chitosan-based silver nanoparticles: A study of the antibacterial, antileishmanial and cytotoxic effects. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911516681329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles have been studied as an alternative for treatment of microbial infections and leishmaniasis, without promoting induction of microbial or parasite resistance. In this study, chitosan-based silver nanoparticles were synthesized from silver nitrate (AgNO3), sodium borohydride as a reducing agent, and the biopolymer chitosan as a capping agent. The chitosan-based silver nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet–visible, Fourier transform infrared, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscope. The antibacterial assay was performed by determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration. The antileishmanial and the cytotoxic effects induced by AgNO3, chitosan, and chitosan-based silver nanoparticles were analyzed by resazurin and MTT colorimetric assays, respectively. AgNO3, chitosan, and chitosan-based silver nanoparticles induced a marked activity against all bacterial strains and promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis at minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 1.69 to 3.38 µg Ag/mL. Interestingly, the chitosan-based silver nanoparticles presented less cytotoxicity than the AgNO3 alone and were more active against L. amazonensis than solely chitosan. Furthermore, the cytotoxic concentrations (CC50) of both chitosan and chitosan-based silver nanoparticles against macrophages were significantly higher than the IC50 against promastigotes. Thus, the chitosan-based silver nanoparticles represent a promising alternative for the treatment of microbial infections and leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas dos Santos Lima
- Research Center for Biodiversity and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Parnaíba, Brazil
- Medicinal Plants Research Center (NPPM), Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Gullon
- Center for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Catholic University of Portugal, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Lucas M Brito
- Research Center for Biodiversity and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Parnaíba, Brazil
- Medicinal Plants Research Center (NPPM), Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, Brazil
| | - Klinger AF Rodrigues
- Medicinal Plants Research Center (NPPM), Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, Brazil
| | - Patrick V Quelemes
- Research Center for Biodiversity and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Joilson Ramos-Jesus
- Research Center for Biodiversity and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Daniel DR Arcanjo
- Research Center for Biodiversity and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Parnaíba, Brazil
- Medicinal Plants Research Center (NPPM), Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Plácido
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Polytechnic Institute of Porto (ISEP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Krystallenia Batziou
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Quaresma
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Peter Eaton
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | - Durcilene Alves da Silva
- Research Center for Biodiversity and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Manuela Pintado
- Center for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Catholic University of Portugal, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jose Roberto de SA Leite
- Research Center for Biodiversity and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Parnaíba, Brazil
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
- Area of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasilia, Brazil
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