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Singh A, Beg MA, Jamal S, Khan A, Rahman A, Selvapandiyan A, Shafi S, Hoda N. Robust leishmanicidal upshot of some new diphenyl triazine-based molecules. RSC Adv 2024; 14:22587-22597. [PMID: 39021460 PMCID: PMC11253633 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01904k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Amongst the neglected tropical diseases, leishmaniasis alone causes 30 000 deaths annually due to the protozoan parasite genus Leishmania. Existing therapies have serious drawbacks in safety, drug resistance, field-adapted application and cost. Therefore, new safer and shorter treatments are an urgent need of the time. Herein, we report the synthesis of fifteen novel diphenyl triazine and diphenyl triazine pyrimidine derivatives and their antileishmanial properties against Leishmania donovani, that causes fatal visceral leishmaniasis. Most of the synthesized analogues exhibited more than 90% inhibition against the promastigote stage of the parasite. Moreover, compounds T4 and T7 showed potent activity against extracellular promastigote (IC50 = 1.074 μM and IC50 = 1.158 μM) as compared to miltefosine (IC50 = 1.477 μM) and is nontoxic towards the host THP-1 macrophage cell line. Interestingly, compound T4 exhibited significant activity against amastigotes (7.186 μM) and induced the macrophages to prevent the survival of the parasite. Our results indicate that T4 represents a new structural lead for this serious and neglected disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Drug Design and Synthesis Lab., Jamia Millia Islamia Jamia Nagar New Delhi 110025 India +0091-11-26985507 +0091-9910200655
| | - Mirza Adil Beg
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi 110062 India
| | - Samra Jamal
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi 110062 India
| | - Arif Khan
- Department of Chemistry, SCLS, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi 110062 India
| | - Abdur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Drug Design and Synthesis Lab., Jamia Millia Islamia Jamia Nagar New Delhi 110025 India +0091-11-26985507 +0091-9910200655
| | | | - Syed Shafi
- Department of Chemistry, SCLS, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi 110062 India
| | - Nasimul Hoda
- Department of Chemistry, Drug Design and Synthesis Lab., Jamia Millia Islamia Jamia Nagar New Delhi 110025 India +0091-11-26985507 +0091-9910200655
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Freitas de Lima Hercos G, Gabriela Faleiro de Moura Lodi Cruz M, Clara Cassiano Martinho A, de Melo Resende D, Farago Nascimento D, Derksen Macruz P, Jorge Pilau E, Maria Fonseca Murta S, de Oliveira Rezende Júnior C. Optimization of benzenesulfonyl derivatives as anti-Trypanosomatidae agents: Structural design, synthesis, and pharmacological assessment against Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania infantum. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 105:117736. [PMID: 38677111 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis and Chagas disease are neglected tropical diseases caused by Trypanosomatidae parasites. Given the numerous limitations associated with current treatments, such as extended treatment duration, variable efficacy, and severe side effects, there is an urgent imperative to explore novel therapeutic options. This study details the early stages of hit-to-lead optimization for a benzenesulfonyl derivative, denoted as initial hit, against Trypanossoma cruzi (T. cruzi), Leishmania infantum (L. infantum) and Leishmania braziliensis (L. braziliensis). We investigated structure - activity relationships using a series of 26 newly designed derivatives, ultimately yielding potential lead candidates with potent low-micromolar and sub-micromolar activities against T. cruzi and Leishmania spp, respectively, and low in vitro cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. These discoveries emphasize the significant promise of this chemical class in the fight against Chagas disease and leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Freitas de Lima Hercos
- Laboratório de Síntese de Candidatos a Fármacos (LaSFar), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Clara Cassiano Martinho
- Laboratório de Síntese de Candidatos a Fármacos (LaSFar), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Melo Resende
- Grupo de Genômica Funcional de Parasitos, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ Minas), Belo Horizonte, MG 30190-002, Brazil
| | - Danilo Farago Nascimento
- Laboratório de Síntese de Candidatos a Fármacos (LaSFar), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Paula Derksen Macruz
- Laboratório de Biomoléculas e Espectrometria de Massas (LaBioMass), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Maringá, PR 807020-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Jorge Pilau
- Laboratório de Biomoléculas e Espectrometria de Massas (LaBioMass), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Maringá, PR 807020-900, Brazil
| | - Silvane Maria Fonseca Murta
- Grupo de Genômica Funcional de Parasitos, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ Minas), Belo Horizonte, MG 30190-002, Brazil
| | - Celso de Oliveira Rezende Júnior
- Laboratório de Síntese de Candidatos a Fármacos (LaSFar), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil.
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Jorge J, Del Pino Santos KF, Timóteo F, Vasconcelos RRP, Ayala Cáceres OI, Granja IJA, de Souza DM, Frizon TEA, Di Vaccari Botteselle G, Braga AL, Saba S, Rashid HU, Rafique J. Recent Advances on the Antimicrobial Activities of Schiff Bases and their Metal Complexes: An Updated Overview. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2330-2344. [PMID: 36823995 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230224092830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Schiff bases represent a valuable class of organic compounds, synthesized via condensation of primary amines with ketones or aldehydes. They are renowned for possessing innumerable applications in agricultural chemistry, organic synthesis, chemical and biological sensing, coating, polymer and resin industries, catalysis, coordination chemistry, and drug designing. Schiff bases contain imine or azomethine (-C=N-) functional groups which are important pharmacophores for the design and synthesis of lead bioactive compounds. In medicinal chemistry, Schiff bases have attracted immense attention due to their diverse biological activities. This review aims to encompass the recent developments on the antimicrobial activities of Schiff bases. The article summarizes the antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antimalarial, and antileishmanial activities of Schiff bases reported since 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Jorge
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, 79074-460, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Timóteo
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, 79074-460, MS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - David Monteiro de Souza
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, 79074-460, MS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Elias Allievi Frizon
- Department of Energy and Sustainability, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Campus Araranguá, Araranguá, 88905-120, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Luiz Braga
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Sumbal Saba
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, 74690-900, GO, Brazil
| | - Haroon Ur Rashid
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, 79074-460, MS, Brazil
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Jamal Rafique
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, 79074-460, MS, Brazil
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, 74690-900, GO, Brazil
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Faheem, Karan Kumar B, Chandra Sekhar KVG, Chander S, Kunjiappan S, Murugesan S. Medicinal chemistry perspectives of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline analogs - biological activities and SAR studies. RSC Adv 2021; 11:12254-12287. [PMID: 35423735 PMCID: PMC8696937 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01480c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoquinoline alkaloids are a large group of natural products in which 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQ) form an important class. THIQ based natural and synthetic compounds exert diverse biological activities against various infective pathogens and neurodegenerative disorders. Due to these reasons, the THIQ heterocyclic scaffold has garnered a lot of attention in the scientific community which has resulted in the development of novel THIQ analogs with potent biological activity. The present review provides a much-needed update on the biological potential of THIQ analogs, their structural-activity relationship (SAR), and their mechanism of action. In addition, a note on commonly used synthetic strategies for constructing the core scaffold has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani Pilani Campus Pilani-333031 Rajasthan India
| | - Banoth Karan Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani Pilani Campus Pilani-333031 Rajasthan India
| | - Kondapalli Venkata Gowri Chandra Sekhar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal, Medchal Dist. Hyderabad 500078 Telangana India
| | - Subhash Chander
- Amity Institute of Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Noida-201313 India
| | - Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education Krishnankoil-626126 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Sankaranarayanan Murugesan
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani Pilani Campus Pilani-333031 Rajasthan India
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Nandikolla A, Srinivasarao S, Karan Kumar B, Murugesan S, Aggarwal H, Major LL, Smith TK, Chandra Sekhar KVG. Synthesis, study of antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activity of imidazo pyridine fused triazole analogues. RSC Adv 2020; 10:38328-38343. [PMID: 35517538 PMCID: PMC9057266 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07881f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty-five novel 1,2,3-triazole analogues of imidazo-[1,2-a]-pyridine-3-carboxamides were designed, synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activity against L. major and T. brucei parasites, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adinarayana Nandikolla
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani
- Hyderabad Campus
- Hyderabad – 500078
- India
| | - Singireddi Srinivasarao
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani
- Hyderabad Campus
- Hyderabad – 500078
- India
| | - Banoth Karan Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Pharmacy
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani
- Pilani Campus
- Pilani-333031
| | - Sankaranarayanan Murugesan
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Pharmacy
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani
- Pilani Campus
- Pilani-333031
| | - Himanshu Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani
- Hyderabad Campus
- Hyderabad – 500078
- India
| | - Louise L. Major
- Schools of Biology & Chemistry
- BSRC
- The University, St. Andrews
- Fife
- UK
| | - Terry K. Smith
- Schools of Biology & Chemistry
- BSRC
- The University, St. Andrews
- Fife
- UK
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Carballeira NM, Alequín D, Lotti Diaz LM, Matos VJ, Ferreira LLG, Andricopulo AD, Golovko MY, Reguera RM, Pérez-Pertejo Y, Balaña-Fouce R. Synthesis of a novel brominated vinylic fatty acid with antileishmanial activity that effectively inhibits the Leishmania topoisomerase IB enzyme mediated by halogen bond formation. PURE APPL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2018-1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Many marine derived fatty acids, mainly from sponges, possess vinylic halogenated moieties (bromine or iodine) but their assessment as antileishmanial candidates remains elusive. In this work, we undertook the first total synthesis of a novel series of 2-allyl-3-halo-2-nonadecenoic acids, which preferentially inhibit the Leishmania DNA topoisomerase IB enzyme (LTopIB) over the human topoisomerase IB enzyme (hTopIB). The synthesis of 2-allyl-3-bromo-2E-nonadecenoic acid (1a) and 2-allyl-3-chloro-2E-nonadecenoic acid (2a) was achieved through a palladium catalyzed haloallylation of 2-nonadecynoic acid (2-NDA) using either allyl bromide or allyl chloride in the presence of PdCl2(PhCN)2 in 57–83 % overall yields. Among the new halogenated synthetic compounds, 1a was the most inhibitory of LTopIB with an EC50 = 7 μM, while the shorter chain analogs 2-allyl-3-bromo-2E-dodecenoic acid (1b) and 2-allyl-3-chloro-2E-dodecenoic acid (2b), synthesized from 2-dodecynoic acid, were not inhibitory of LTopIB (EC50 > 100 μM) resulting in the overall order of inhibition 1a > 2-NDA > 2a > > 1b ≅ 2b. The acids 1a and 2a inhibit LTopIB by a Gimatecan-independent mechanism. The enhanced LTopIB inhibition of 1a was computationally rationalized in terms of a halogen bond between the bromine in 1a and a DNA phosphate (binding energy = − 4.85 kcal/mol). Acid 1a also displayed preferential cytotoxicity towards Leishmania infantum amastigotes (EC50 = 2.5 μM) over L. infantum promastigotes (EC50 > 25 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor M. Carballeira
- University of Puerto Rico , Río Piedras Campus, 17 Ave Universidad STE 1701 , San Juan, PR 00925-2537 , USA , Tel.: (787)-764-0000 ext, 88561
| | - Denisse Alequín
- Department of Chemistry , University of Puerto Rico , Río Piedras Campus , San Juan, PR , USA
| | - Leilani M. Lotti Diaz
- Department of Chemistry , University of Puerto Rico , Río Piedras Campus , San Juan, PR , USA
| | - Victorio Jauregui Matos
- Department of Chemistry , University of Puerto Rico , Río Piedras Campus , San Juan, PR , USA
| | - Leonardo L. G. Ferreira
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry, Center for Research and Innovation in Biodiversity and Drug Discovery, Physics Institute of Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo , Sao Carlos , SP 13563-120 , Brazil
| | - Adriano D. Andricopulo
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry, Center for Research and Innovation in Biodiversity and Drug Discovery, Physics Institute of Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo , Sao Carlos , SP 13563-120 , Brazil
| | - Mikhail Y. Golovko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences , 1301 N Columbia Road , Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037 , USA
| | - Rosa M. Reguera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of León , Campus de Vegazana , León 24071 , Spain
| | - Yolanda Pérez-Pertejo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of León , Campus de Vegazana , León 24071 , Spain
| | - Rafael Balaña-Fouce
- Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of León , Campus de Vegazana , León 24071 , Spain
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Anti-Leishmanial and Cytotoxic Activities of a Series of Maleimides: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Structure-Activity Relationship. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112878. [PMID: 30400596 PMCID: PMC6278306 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, 45 maleimides have been synthesized and evaluated for anti-leishmanial activities against L. donovani in vitro and cytotoxicity toward THP1 cells. All compounds exhibited obvious anti-leishmanial activities. Among the tested compounds, there were 10 maleimides with superior anti-leishmanial activities to standard drug amphotericin B, and 32 maleimides with superior anti-leishmanial activities to standard drug pentamidine, especially compounds 16 (IC50 < 0.0128 μg/mL) and 42 (IC50 < 0.0128 μg/mL), which showed extraordinary efficacy in an in vitro test and low cytotoxicities (CC50 > 10 μg/mL). The anti-leishmanial activities of 16 and 42 were 10 times better than that of amphotericin B. The structure and activity relationship (SAR) studies revealed that 3,4-non-substituted maleimides displayed the strongest anti-leishmanial activities compared to those for 3-methyl-maleimides and 3,4-dichloro-maleimides. 3,4-dichloro-maleimides were the least cytotoxic compared to 3-methyl-maleimides and 3,4-non-substituted maleimides. The results show that several of the reported compounds are promising leads for potential anti-leishmanial drug development.
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