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Hu X, Wang M, Cai F, Liu L, Cheng Z, Zhao J, Zhang Q, Long C. A comprehensive review of medicinal Toxicodendron (Anacardiaceae): Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116829. [PMID: 37429501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Comprising of about 30 species, the genus Toxicodendron (Anacardiaceae) are mainly distributed in East Asia and North America. Among them, 13 species have been traditionally used as folk medicines in Asia and other parts of the world to treat blood diseases, abnormal bleeding, skin diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, liver diseases, bone injury, lung diseases, neurological diseases, cardiovascular diseases, tonic, cancer, eye diseases, menstrual irregularities, inflammation, rheumatism, diabetes mellitus, rattlesnake bite, internal parasites, contraceptive, vomiting and diarrhea. AIM OF THE STUDY To date, no comprehensive review on Toxicodendron has been published and the scientific basis of the traditional medicinal benefits of Toxicodendron have been less reported. Therefore, this review aims to provide a reference for further research and development on medicinal purpose of Toxicodendron by summarizing the works (from 1980 to 2023), and focusing on its botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. MATERIALS AND METHODS The names of the species were from The Plant List Database (http://www.theplantlist.org), World Flora Online (http://www.worldfloraonline.org), Catalogue of Life Database (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/) and Plants for A Future Database (https://pfaf.org/user/Default.aspx). And the search terms "Toxicodendron" and "the names of 31 species and their synonyms" were used to search for information from electronic databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, Baidu Scholar, Springer, and Wiley Online Library. Moreover, PhD and MSc dissertations were also used to support this work. RESULTS These species on Toxicodendron are widely used in folkloric medicine and modern pharmacological activities. So far, approximately 238 compounds, mainly phenolic acids and their derivatives, urushiols, flavonoids and terpenoids, are extracted and isolated from Toxicodendron plants, commonly, T. trichocarpum, T. vernicifluum, T. succedaneum, and T. radicans. Among them, phenolic acids and flavonoids are the main compound classes that show pharmacological activities in Toxicodendron plants both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the extracts and single compounds of these species show a wide range of activities, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, liver protection, fat reduction, nerve protection, and treatment of blood diseases. CONCLUSIONS Selected species of Toxicodendron have been used as herbal medicines in the Southeast Asian for a long time. Furthermore, some bioactive constituents have been identified from them, so plants in this genus may be potential new drugs. The existing research on Toxicodendron has been reviewed, and the phytochemistry and pharmacology provide theoretical basis for some of the traditional medicinal uses. Therefore, in this review, the traditional medicinal, phytochemical and modern pharmacology of Toxicodendron plants are summarized to help future researchers to find new drug leads or to get a better understanding of structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Ethnology and Sociology, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Liya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhuo Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Ethnology and Sociology, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chunlin Long
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China; Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; Institute of National Security Studies, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Zhan YP, Chen BS. Drug Target Identification and Drug Repurposing in Psoriasis through Systems Biology Approach, DNN-Based DTI Model and Genome-Wide Microarray Data. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10033. [PMID: 37373186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease that affects millions of people worldwide. In 2014, psoriasis was recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a serious non-communicable disease. In this study, a systems biology approach was used to investigate the underlying pathogenic mechanism of psoriasis and identify the potential drug targets for therapeutic treatment. The study involved the construction of a candidate genome-wide genetic and epigenetic network (GWGEN) through big data mining, followed by the identification of real GWGENs of psoriatic and non-psoriatic using system identification and system order detection methods. Core GWGENs were extracted from real GWGENs using the Principal Network Projection (PNP) method, and the corresponding core signaling pathways were annotated using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Comparing core signaling pathways of psoriasis and non-psoriasis and their downstream cellular dysfunctions, STAT3, CEBPB, NF-κB, and FOXO1 are identified as significant biomarkers of pathogenic mechanism and considered as drug targets for the therapeutic treatment of psoriasis. Then, a deep neural network (DNN)-based drug-target interaction (DTI) model was trained by the DTI dataset to predict candidate molecular drugs. By considering adequate regulatory ability, toxicity, and sensitivity as drug design specifications, Naringin, Butein, and Betulinic acid were selected from the candidate molecular drugs and combined into potential multi-molecule drugs for the treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ping Zhan
- Laboratory of Automatic Control, Signal Processing and Systems Biology, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Sen Chen
- Laboratory of Automatic Control, Signal Processing and Systems Biology, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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Bai G, Chen C, Zhao C, Zhou T, Li D, Zhou T, Li W, Lu Y, Cong X, Jia Y, Li S. The chromosome-level genome for Toxicodendron vernicifluum provides crucial insights into Anacardiaceae evolution and urushiol biosynthesis. iScience 2022; 25:104512. [PMID: 35733792 PMCID: PMC9207680 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The lacquer tree (Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F.A. Barkley) is an important tree with economic, industrial, and medicinal values. Here, we generated the reference genome of T. vernicifluum at the chromosome level with 491.93 Mb in size, in which 98.26% of the assembled contigs were anchored onto 15 pseudochromosomes with the scaffold N50 of 32.97 Mb. Comparative genomic analysis revealed the gene families related to urushiol biosynthesis were expanded, contributing to the ecological fitness and biological adaptability of the lacquer tree. We combined multi-omics data to identify genes that encode key enzymes in the T. vernicifluum urushiol and lignin biosynthetic pathways. Furthermore, the unique active metabolites, such as butin and fisetin, in cultivar lacquers were identified by metabolism profiling. Our work would provide crucial insights into metabolite synthesis such as urushiol and lignin, meanwhile offer a basis for further exploration of the cultivation and breeding of T. vernicifluum and other Anacardiaceae members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Bai
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Province Qinling-Bashan Mountains Engineering Research Centre of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Province Qinling-Bashan Mountains Engineering Research Centre of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Chenxi Zhao
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Dan Li
- SDIC Biotech Investment Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Tianhua Zhou
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Province Qinling-Bashan Mountains Engineering Research Centre of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Province Qinling-Bashan Mountains Engineering Research Centre of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cong
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Province Qinling-Bashan Mountains Engineering Research Centre of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Yun Jia
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Province Qinling-Bashan Mountains Engineering Research Centre of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Sifeng Li
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Province Qinling-Bashan Mountains Engineering Research Centre of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources, Xi’an 710061, China
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Milosavljevic S, Djordjevic I, Mandic B, Tesevic V, Stankovic M, Todorovic N, Novakovic M. Flavonoids of the Heartwood of Cotinus coggygria Scop. Showing Protective Effect on Human Lymphocyte DNA. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211067289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In continuation of our study on Cotinus coggygria from Serbia, 10 known flavonoids (1-10) were isolated from the methylene chloride/methanol extract of the heartwood. They were tested for in vitro protective effect against chromosome aberrations in peripheral human lymphocytes, using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. All tested compounds (in minimal doses of 1 μg/mL) exerted a beneficial effect by decreasing DNA damage of human lymphocytes in the range of 24.2% to 54.5%, better than the radio protectant control, amifostine. Functional groups, such as 3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl (catechol), 5-OH, 3-OH, and 4-keto in flavonoids (3-keto in aurones), which play a key role in antioxidant activity, are proposed to be responsible for the DNA protective activity of the tested compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iris Djordjevic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Boris Mandic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vele Tesevic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Nina Todorovic
- Instituite of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Novakovic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Dedicated to Professor Yoshinori Asakawa on the occasion of his 80th birthday
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Chen J, Luo B, Zhong BR, Li KY, Wen QX, Song L, Xiang XJ, Zhou GF, Hu LT, Deng XJ, Ma YL, Chen GJ. Sulfuretin exerts diversified functions in the processing of amyloid precursor protein. Genes Dis 2021; 8:867-881. [PMID: 34522714 PMCID: PMC8427253 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfuretin is a flavonoid that protects cell from damage induced by reactive oxygen species and inflammation. In this study, we investigated the role of sulfuretin in the processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP), in association with the two catalytic enzymes the α-secretase a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM10), and the beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) that play important roles in the generation of β amyloid protein (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We found that sulfuretin increased the levels of the immature but not the mature form of ADAM10 protein. The enhanced ADAM10 transcription by sulfuretin was mediated by the nucleotides −444 to −300 in the promoter region, and was attenuated by silencing or mutation of transcription factor retinoid X receptor (RXR) and by GW6471, a specific inhibitor of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α). We further found that sulfuretin preferentially increased protein levels of the immature form of APP (im-APP) but significantly reduced those of BACE1, sAPPβ and β-CTF, whereas Aβ1-42 levels were slightly increased. Finally, the effect of sulfuretin on BACE1 and im-APP was selectively attenuated by the translation inhibitor cycloheximide and by lysosomal inhibitor chloroquine, respectively. Taken together, (1) RXR/PPAR-α signaling was involved in sulfuretin-mediated ADAM10 transcription. (2) Alteration of Aβ protein level by sulfuretin was not consistent with that of ADAM10 and BACE1 protein levels, but was consistent with the elevated level of im-APP protein, suggesting that im-APP, an isoform mainly localized to trans-Golgi network, plays an important role in Aβ generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Biao Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Bi-Rou Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Kun-Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Qi-Xin Wen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Xiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Gui-Feng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Li-Tian Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.,Department of Neurology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, PR China
| | - Xiao-Juan Deng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Yuan-Lin Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Guo-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
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Hsu YK, Chen HY, Wu CC, Huang YC, Hsieh CP, Su PF, Huang YF. Butein induces cellular senescence through reactive oxygen species-mediated p53 activation in osteosarcoma U-2 OS cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:773-781. [PMID: 33325610 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Butein is a flavonoid isolated from various medicinal plants. It is known to have different biological activities including anti-inflammation, anti-adipogenesis, and anti-angiogenesis. In the study, we demonstrated the anti-proliferative effect of butein in human osteosarcoma U-2 OS cells. Our data showed that butein significantly suppressed the viability and colony formation ability of U-2 OS cells. Further experiments revealed butein exposure resulted in a cell cycle arrest at S and G2/M phase in U-2 OS cells. Importantly, we found that butein activated the tumor suppressor p53, and trigged a p53-dependent senescence in U-2 OS cells. Knockdown of p53 suppressed the senescence and rescued the viability in butein-treated U-2 OS cells. Furthermore, we observed that butein exposure significantly enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in U-2 OS cells. Co-administration of the ROS inhibitor NAC largely abolished the up-regulated p53 protein level, and rescued the suppressed viability and colony formation ability in butein-exposed U-2 OS cells. Taken together, our data proposed the increased ROS by butein exposure activated p53, and the activated p53 was involved in the anti-proliferative effect of butein via inducing senescence in U-2 OS cells. This report suggests that butein is a promising candidate for cancer therapy against osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Ken Hsu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Ying Chen
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Laboratory, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chieh Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Huang
- Department of Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Pu Hsieh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Laboratory, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Po-Feng Su
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fu Huang
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Laboratory, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
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Li MC, Zhang YQ, Meng CW, Gao JG, Xie CJ, Liu JY, Xu YN. Traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F.A. Barkley - A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113476. [PMID: 33075438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F.A. Barkley (syn. Rhus verniciflua or vernicifera Stokes, Anacardiaceae) (RVS), the lacquer tree, also known as sumac, has been used in China, Japan and South Korea for thousands of years as a highly durable coating material and a traditional herbal medicine, which contains medicinal ingredients with anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anti-rheumatic activities. AIM OF THIS REVIEW This review intends to provide a comprehensive and critical appraisal of RVS, including its phytochemical data, botanical and pharmacological literature that support its therapeutic potential in treatment on human diseases, with emphasis on the isolation of natural occurring compounds and detailed pharmacological investigations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specific information of RVS was collected by using the key words "Toxicodendron vernicifluum", "Rhus verniciflua Stokes", "Rhus vernicifera Stokes" and "Lacquer tree" through published scientific materials (including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley, ACS, CNKI, Scifinder, Springer, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Baidu Scholar) and other literature sources. RESULTS The major phytoconstituents, 175 of which are presented in this review, including flavonoids, urushiols, terpenes, phenolic acids and other types of compounds, of which flavonoids and urushiols are main components. The extracts and isolates purified from RVS showed a wide range of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological effects, such as anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, tyrosinase inhibition and so on. CONCLUSION The modern pharmacological research of RVS mainly focus on the pharmacological effects of crude extract or active constituents, of which the flavonoids are widely studied. However, there are few reports on the relationship between pharmacological effects and their structures. And at present, there is still a lack of researches that are of both effective and in-depth. Meanwhile, there is little research on quality control. Apart from the wood and lacquer, other botanical parts also need to be explored further. In addition to phenolic compounds, the study on other types of components in T. vernicifluum would start more sparks for the discovery of new bioactive principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chen Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yun-Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Cai-Wen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jin-Gou Gao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Chao-Jie Xie
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jian-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Yong Nan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Lee SB, Lee JS, Wang JH, Kim MY, Choi YH, Lee HD, Son CG. Genotoxicity of Water Extract from Bark-Removed Rhus verniciflua Stokes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040896. [PMID: 33567750 PMCID: PMC7914431 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) has been traditionally used as an herbal remedy to support the digestive functions in traditional Korean medicine. Additionally, the pharmacological effects of RVS, including antioxidative, antimicrobial and anticancer activities, have been well-reported. The genotoxicity of RVS, however, is elusive; thus, we evaluated the genotoxicity of RVS without bark (RVX) for safe application as a resource of functional food or a medical drug. To evaluate the genotoxicity of RVX, we used a bacterial reverse mutation test, chromosomal aberration test and comet assay, according to the “Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development” (OECD) guidelines. Briefly, for the reverse mutation test, samples (5000, 1667, 556, 185, 62 and 0 μg/plate of RVX or the positive control) were treated with a precultured strain (TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 or WP2µvrA) with or without the S9 mix, in which RVX partially induced a reverse mutation in four bacterial strains. From the chromosomal aberration test and comet assay, the RVX samples (556, 185, 62, 20 and 0 μg/mL of RVX or the positive control) were treated in a Chinese hamster ovary cell line (CHO-K1 cells) in the conditions of the S9 mix absent or S9 mix present and in Chang liver cells and C2C12 myoblasts, respectively. No chromosomal aberrations in CHO-K1 or DNA damage in Chang liver cells and C2C12 myoblasts was observed. In conclusion, our results suggest the non-genotoxicity of RVX, which would be helpful as a reference for the safe application of bark-removed Rhus verniciflua Stokes as functional raw materials in the food, cosmetics or pharmaceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Bae Lee
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, 176 split 75 Daedeokdae-ro Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Korea; (S.-B.L.); (J.-S.L.); (J.-H.W.)
| | - Jin-Seok Lee
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, 176 split 75 Daedeokdae-ro Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Korea; (S.-B.L.); (J.-S.L.); (J.-H.W.)
| | - Jing-Hua Wang
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, 176 split 75 Daedeokdae-ro Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Korea; (S.-B.L.); (J.-S.L.); (J.-H.W.)
| | - Min-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea; (M.-Y.K.); (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Yung-Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea; (M.-Y.K.); (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Hwa-Dong Lee
- National Institute for Korean Medicine Development, Gyeongsan-si 38540, Korea;
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, 176 split 75 Daedeokdae-ro Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Korea; (S.-B.L.); (J.-S.L.); (J.-H.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-257-6397
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Marinov R, Markova N, Krumova S, Yotovska K, Zaharieva MM, Genova-Kalou P. Antiviral properties of chalcones and their synthetic derivatives: a mini review. PHARMACIA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e53842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chalcones (natural or synthetic derivatives) are aromatic ketones possessing a central backbone that form a core for variety important compounds with different substitutions. Recent scientific advances show that chalcones exhibit different bio-medical activities, including antiviral, which is related to the variety substitutions. This review provides general information on the origin, sources, virucidal and direct antiviral properties of chalcones in vitro, as well as a brief overview of the possible application and molecular modes of action of these compounds. The antiviral effect of chalcones probably results from the disruption of the different stage of viral replication cycle, inhibition of viral or cell enzymes, induction of apoptosis and others. Structural requirements for antiviral activities vary according to the mechanisms of action. Based on the published information, it could be considered that synthetic chalcones are very perspective antiviral candidates and deserve further studies for elucidating of their pharmacological potential.
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10
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Ugan RA, Un H. The Protective Roles of Butein on Indomethacin Induced Gastric Ulcer in Mice. Eurasian J Med 2020; 52:265-270. [PMID: 33209079 DOI: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2020.20022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Butein is a potential agent first isolated from Rhus verniciflua that has medicinal value in East Asia and has been used in the treatment of gastritis, gastric cancer, and atherosclerosis since ancient times. The aim of our study is to show, for the first time, the anti-ulcerative effect of butein in indomethacin induced gastric ulcer in mice. Materials and Methods A total of 42 mice were fasted 24 hours for the ulcer experiment, and 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg doses of butein were evaluated for their antiulcer activity. Famotidine 40 mg/kg was used as a positive control group. For ulcer induction, 25 mg/kg dose of indomethacin was administered to the mice and after 6 hours all stomachs were dissected out. After macroscopic analyses, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), COX-1, and COX-2 mRNA levels of stomachs were evaluated by Real Time PCR, and Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined by ELISA. Results Butein administration exerted 50.8%, 65.9%, and 87.1% antiulcer effects at 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, respectively. Butein administration decreased oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters in stomach tissues dose dependently. Furthermore, butein administration increased stomach PGE2 levels and decreased COX-1 and COX-2 mRNA levels. Conclusion Butein has been shown to have a healing effect on ulcers in macroscopic examinations in our study. We observed that butein has antioxidant and anti-cytokine properties in gastric tissue. Butein could be an important alternative in the treatment of indomethacin-induced ulcers. Whether butein is a partial agonist of the COX enzyme should be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rustem Anil Ugan
- Department of Pharmacology, Ataturk University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Harun Un
- Department of Biochemistry, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Agri, Turkey
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Lee HS, Jung JI, Kim KH, Park SJ, Kim EJ. Rhus verniciflua Stokes extract suppresses migration and invasion in human gastric adenocarcinoma AGS cells. Nutr Res Pract 2020; 14:463-477. [PMID: 33029287 PMCID: PMC7520559 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2020.14.5.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Many studies have suggested that Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) and its extract are anticancer agents. However, RVS had limited use because it contains urushiol, an allergenic toxin. By improving an existing allergen-removal extraction method, we developed a new allergen-free Rhus verniciflua Stokes extract (RVSE) with higher flavonoid content. In this study, we examined whether RVSE inhibits the ability of AGS gastric cancer cells to migrate and invade. MATERIALS/METHODS The flavonoids content of RVSE was analyzed by HPLC. The effects of RVSE on migration and invasion in AGS cells were analyzed by each assay kit. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) protein expression was analyzed by protein antibody array. The Phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 were assayed by Western blot analysis. RESULTS RVSE treatment with 0-100 μg/mL dose-dependently reduced the ability of AGS cells to migrate and invade. Notably, treatment with RVSE strongly inhibited the expression of MMP-9 and uPA and the phosphorylation of STAT3. In contrast, RVSE treatment dramatically increased the expression of PAI-1. These results indicate that the inhibition of MMP-9 and uPA expression and STAT3 phosphorylation and the stimulation of PAI-1 expression contributed to the decreased migration and invasion of AGS cells treated with RVSE. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that RVSE may be used as a natural herbal agent to reduce gastric cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sook Lee
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Dongseo University, Busan 47011, Korea
| | - Jae In Jung
- Regional Strategic Industry Innovation Center, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | | | | | - Eun Ji Kim
- Regional Strategic Industry Innovation Center, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
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12
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Ramu YL, Jagadeesha K, Shivalingaswamy T, Ramegowda M. Microsolvation, hydrogen bond dynamics and excited state hydrogen atom transfer mechanism of 2′,4′-dihydroxychalcone. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.137030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Jun HJ, Park SJ, Kang HJ, Lee GY, Lee N, Park JH, Yoo HS. The Survival Benefit of Combination Therapy With Mild Temperature Hyperthermia and an Herbal Prescription of Gun-Chil-Jung in 54 Cancer Patients Treated With Chemotherapy or Radiation Therapy: A Retrospective Study. Integr Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1534735420926583. [PMID: 32449629 PMCID: PMC7249570 DOI: 10.1177/1534735420926583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The combination of herbal medicine with conventional treatment increases the survival rate of cancer patients, but the effect is not great. Hyperthermia may have a synergistic effect with herbal medicine alongside conventional medicine. Objective: To monitor the efficacy of hyperthermia together with Gun-Chil-Jung (GCJ) capsule for event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) for the treatment of various cancers. Methods: We collected data retrospectively on 54 cancer patients of all stages. They were divided into 4 groups according to each hyperthermia or GCJ treatment period. Hyperthermia with 0.46 MHz radiofrequency wave was applied a power of 50 to 100 W for 70 minutes. GCJ capsules were administered orally 3 times a day. Results: The median follow-up was 13.4 months, and 25 (55.6%) patients showed disease-related events. Hyperthermia with GCJ treatment was administered in combination group (n = 36, 66.7%) and traditional Korean medicine-only group (n = 17, 31.5%). The median EFS was 190 days, and the median OS was 390 days. The group of hyperthermia 7 times or fewer and GCJ more than 28 days showed longer EFS and OS. The analysis of superiority between hyperthermia and GCJ showed no significant difference (EFS, P = .55; OS, P = .364). Conclusions: The combination of hyperthermia 1 to 2 times a week with GCJ treatment may improve survival of cancer patients treated or being treated with conventional cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Joon Jun
- Seoul Korean Medicine Hospital of
Daejeon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Jung Park
- Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of
Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwi-Joong Kang
- Seoul Korean Medicine Hospital of
Daejeon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Young Lee
- Cheonan Korean Medicine Hospital of
Daejeon University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Namhun Lee
- Cheonan Korean Medicine Hospital of
Daejeon University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Park
- Seoul Korean Medicine Hospital of
Daejeon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Seung Yoo
- Seoul Korean Medicine Hospital of
Daejeon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Mendonca P, Horton A, Bauer D, Messeha S, Soliman KFA. The inhibitory effects of butein on cell proliferation and TNF-α-induced CCL2 release in racially different triple negative breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215269. [PMID: 31665136 PMCID: PMC6821048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is the leading cause of breast cancer-related mortality in women, and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype, affecting African American women more aggressively compared to Caucasians women. Of all cancer-related deaths, 15 to 20% are associated with inflammation, where proinflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the tumorigenesis process. The current study investigated the effects of the polyphenolic compound butein (2',3,4,4'-tetrahydroxychalcone) on cell proliferation and survival, as well as its modulatory effect on the release of proinflammatory cytokines in MDA-MB-231 (Caucasian) and MDA-MB-468 (African American) TNBC cell. The results obtained showed that butein decreased cell viability in a time and dose-dependent manner, and after 72-h of treatment, the cell proliferation rate was reduced in both cell lines. In addition, butein was found to have higher potency in MDA-MB-468, exhibiting anti-proliferative effects in lower concentrations. Apoptosis assays demonstrated that butein (50 μM) increased apoptotic cells in MDA MB-468, showing 60% of the analyzed cells in the apoptotic phase, compared to 20% in MDA-MB-231 cells. Additionally, butein downregulated both protein and mRNA expression of the proinflammatory cytokine, CCL2, and IKBKE in TNFα-activated Caucasian cells, but not in African Americans. This study demonstrates butein potential in cancer cell suppression showing a higher cytotoxic, anti-proliferative, and apoptotic effects in African Americans, compared to Caucasians TNBC cells. It also reveals the butein inhibitory effect on CCL2 expression with a possible association with IKBKE downregulation in MDA-MB-231 cells only, indicating that Caucasians and African Americans TNBC cells respond differently to butein treatment. The obtained findings may provide an explanation regarding the poor therapeutic response in African American patients with advanced TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Mendonca
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ainsley Horton
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - David Bauer
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Samia Messeha
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Karam F. A. Soliman
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Saravanakumar K, Chelliah R, Hu X, Oh DH, Kathiresan K, Wang MH. Antioxidant, Anti-Lung Cancer, and Anti-Bacterial Activities of Toxicodendron vernicifluum. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E127. [PMID: 30934938 PMCID: PMC6523688 DOI: 10.3390/biom9040127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This work tested antioxidant, anti-lung cancer, and antibacterial activities by in vitro, in vivo, and computational experiments for the metabolites extracted from the bark, seed, and stem of Toxicodendron vernicifluum. The results showed that all the extracts significantly scavenged 1,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in a dose-dependent manner. But, the total phenol content (TPC) ranged from 2.12 to 89.25% and total flavonoids content (TFC) ranged from 1.02 to 15.62% in the extracts. The methanolic bark extract (MBE) exhibited higher DPPH scavenging activity than the other extracts, probably due to the higher content of the TPC and TFC present in it. Among the extracts, only the MBE showed anti-lung cancer activity at an acceptable level with a therapeutic index value (22.26) against human lung carcinoma. This was due to the cancer cell death in A549 induced by MBE through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis, and cell arrest in G1 phase and inhibition of anti-pro-apoptotic protein survivin. Among the extracts, MBE showed significantly higher antibacterial activity as evident through the higher zone of inhibition 13 ± 0.5 mm against methycilin resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Salmonila enteria subp. enterica, and P. aeruginosa, 11 ± 0.3 mm against E. coli and 10 ± 0.2 mm against B. cereus. The MBE also showed an excellent antibacterial activity with lower minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Particularly, the MBE showed more significant antibacterial activity in MRSA. The in vivo antibacterial activity of the MBE was further tested in C. elegans model. The treatment of the MRSA induced cell disruption, damage and increased mortality of C. elegans as compared to the untreated and MBE treated C. elegans with normal OP50 diet. Moreover, the MBE treatment enhanced the survival of the MRSA infected C. elegans. The compounds, such as 2,3,3-trimethyl-Octane and benzoic from the MBE, metabolized the novel bacterial topoisomerases inhibitor (NBTI) and MRSA related protein (PBP2a). Overall the T. vernicifluum is potentially bioactive as evident by antioxidant, anti-lung cancer, and antibacterial assays. Further studies were targeted on the purification of the novel compounds for the clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandasamy Saravanakumar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Korea.
| | - Ramachandran Chelliah
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology College of Biotechnology and Bioscience, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea.
| | - Xiaowen Hu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Korea.
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology College of Biotechnology and Bioscience, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea.
| | - Kandasamy Kathiresan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Myeong-Hyeon Wang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Korea.
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Measurement of anticancer, antidiabetic and anticholinergic properties of sumac (Rhus coriaria): analysis of its phenolic compounds by LC–MS/MS. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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17
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Kim DH, Kim MJ, Kim DW, Kim GY, Kim JK, Gebru YA, Choi HS, Kim YH, Kim MK. Changes of Phytochemical Components (Urushiols, Polyphenols, Gallotannins) and Antioxidant Capacity during Fomitella fraxinea⁻Mediated Fermentation of Toxicodendron vernicifluum Bark. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040683. [PMID: 30769845 PMCID: PMC6412378 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The stem bark of Toxicodendron vernicifluum (TVSB) has been widely used as a traditional herbal medicine and food ingredients in Korea. However, its application has been restricted due to its potential to cause allergies. Moreover, there is limited data available on the qualitative and quantitative changes in the composition of its phytochemicals during fermentation. Although the Formitella fraxinea-mediated fermentation method has been reported as an effective detoxification tool, changes to its bioactive components and the antioxidant activity that takes place during its fermentation process have not yet been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes of urushiols, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant properties during the fermentation of TVSB by mushroom F. fraxinea. The contents of urushiols, total polyphenols, and individual flavonoids (fisetin, fustin, sulfuretin, and butein) and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (PGG) significantly decreased during the first 10 days of fermentation, with only a slight decrease thereafter until 22 days. Free radical scavenging activities using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) as an antioxidant function also decreased significantly during the first six to nine days of fermentation followed by a gentle decrease up until 22 days. These findings can be helpful in optimizing the F. fraxinea⁻mediated fermentation process of TVSB and developing functional foods with reduced allergy using fermented TVSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Ham Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea.
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea.
| | - Dae-Woon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea.
| | - Gi-Yoon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea.
| | - Jong-Kuk Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea.
| | - Yoseph Asmelash Gebru
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea.
| | - Han-Seok Choi
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries Processing, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Jeonbuk, Korea.
| | - Young-Hoi Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea.
| | - Myung-Kon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea.
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18
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Kim MS, Lee CW, Kim JH, Lee JC, An WG. Extract of Rhus verniciflua Stokes Induces p53-Mediated Apoptosis in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:9407340. [PMID: 30881477 PMCID: PMC6383427 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9407340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Rhus verniciflua Stokes has long been used as a food supplement and traditional herbal medicine for various ailments in East Asia. We evaluated the anticancer effects of Rhus verniciflua Stokes extract (RVSE) on MCF-7 cells by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, flow cytometry, annexin V/7-AAD staining, and western blotting. In addition, the gallic acid content of RVSE was assayed using high-performance liquid chromatography. RVSE inhibited the growth of MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner by inducing apoptosis in the sub-G1 phase. RVSE also significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells and increased the expression of p53 and p21 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, RVSE treatment increased the Bax:Bcl-2 ratio and the levels of apoptosis-related factors, such as cleaved caspase-3 and -9 and PARP, in MCF-7 cells. Our findings suggest that the proapoptotic effect of RVSE on MCF-7 cells is mediated by p53, p21, and the intrinsic mitochondrial cascade. Thus, RVSE shows promise for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sung Kim
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Longevity life Science and Technology Institutes, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Won Lee
- Research Institute for Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Kim
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Cheon Lee
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Gun An
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Longevity life Science and Technology Institutes, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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A Review of Antiplatelet Activity of Traditional Medicinal Herbs on Integrative Medicine Studies. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:7125162. [PMID: 30719065 PMCID: PMC6335729 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7125162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thrombotic events mainly occurred by platelet activation and aggregation. The vascular occlusion causes serious disease states such as unstable angina, ischemic stroke, and heart attack. Due to the pervading of thrombotic diseases, new antiplatelet drugs are necessary for preventing and treating arterial thrombosis without adverse side effects. Traditional medicinal herbs have been used for the treatment of human ailments for a long time. The clinically useful and safe products from traditional medicinal herbs were identified and developed in numerous pharmacological approaches. A complementary system of traditional medicinal herbs is a good candidate for pharmacotherapy. However, it still has a limitation in its function and efficacy. Thus, it is necessary to study the mode of action of traditional medicinal herbs as alternative therapeutic agents. In this review, we focused on our current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of traditional medicinal herbs in antiplatelet activity and antithrombotic effect of traditional medicinal herbs on platelet function.
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Chang SH, Yun UJ, Choi JH, Kim S, Lee AR, Lee DH, Seo MJ, Panic V, Villanueva CJ, Song NJ, Park KW. Identification of Phf16 and Pnpla3 as new adipogenic factors regulated by phytochemicals. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:3599-3610. [PMID: 30272815 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Adipocyte differentiation is controlled by multiple signaling pathways. To identify new adipogenic factors, C3H10T1/2 adipocytes were treated with previously known antiadipogenic phytochemicals (resveratrol, butein, sulfuretin, and fisetin) for 24 hours. Commonly regulated genes were then identified by transcriptional profiling analysis. Three genes (chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 [ Cxcl1], heme oxygenase 1 [ Hmox1], and PHD (plant homeo domain) finger protein 16 [ Phf16]) were upregulated while two genes (G0/G1 switch gene 2 [ G0s2] and patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 [ Pnpla3]) were downregulated by these four antiadipogenic compounds. Tissue expression profiles showed that the G0s2 and Pnpla3 expressions were highly specific to adipose depots while the other three induced genes were ubiquitously expressed with significantly higher expression in adipose tissues. While Cxcl1 expression was decreased, expressions of the other four genes were significantly increased during adipogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown including Phf16 and Pnpla3 indicated that these genes might play regulatory roles in lipid accumulation and adipocyte differentiation. Specifically, the silencing of two newly identified adipogenic genes, Phf16 or Pnpla3, suppressed lipid accumulation and expression of adipocyte markers in both 3T3-L1 and C3H10T1/2 cells. Taken together, these data showed previously uncovered roles of Phf16 and Pnpla3 in adipogenesis, highlighting the potential of using phytochemicals for further investigation of adipocyte biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Hyuk Chang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ui Jeong Yun
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jin Hee Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Suji Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - A Reum Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Min-Ju Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Vanja Panic
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Claudio J Villanueva
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - No-Joon Song
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kye Won Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
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Significance of serum ferritin as a prognostic factor in advanced hepatobiliary cancer patients treated with Korean medicine: a retrospective cohort study. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:176. [PMID: 29879960 PMCID: PMC5992645 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Advanced hepatobiliary cancers are highly lethal cancers that require precise prediction in clinical practice. Serum ferritin level increases in malignancy and high serum ferritin level is associated with poor survival in various cancers. This study aimed to identify whether serum ferritin could independently predict the overall survival (OS) of patients with advanced hepatobiliary cancers. Methods The retrospective cohort study was performed by reviewing medical records of patients with advanced hepatobiliary cancers from June 2006 to September 2016. The demographic and clinicopathological characteristics as well as the biochemical markers were evaluated at the initiation of Korean medicine (KM) treatment. The OS was calculated using Kaplan-Meier estimates. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify the independent prognostic significance of serum ferritin for survival. Results The median OS of all subjects was 5.1 months (range, 0.5–114.9 months). The median OS of group with low ferritin levels and that with high ferritin levels was 7.5 months (range, 0.7–114.9 months) and 2.8 months (range, 0.5–22.8 months), respectively (P < 0.001). The results of the univariate analysis showed that the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG-PS) (P = 0.002), tumor type (P = 0.001), prior treatment (P = 0.023), serum ferritin (P < 0.001), hemoglobin (P = 0.002), total bilirubin (P = 0.002), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (P = 0.007), albumin (P = 0.013), white blood cell (P = 0.002), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (P < 0.001) were significant factors for the patients’ survival outcome. On multivariate analysis controlling confounding factors, ferritin (P = 0.041), CRP (P = 0.010), ECOG-PS (P = 0.010), and tumor type (P = 0.018) were identified as independent prognostic factors for survival. Conclusions These results indicate that serum ferritin is a valid clinical biochemical marker to predict survival of patients with advanced hepatobiliary cancers.
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Baskaran XR, Geo Vigila AV, Zhang SZ, Feng SX, Liao WB. A review of the use of pteridophytes for treating human ailments. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2018; 19:85-119. [PMID: 29405039 PMCID: PMC5833325 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review was to explore the pharmacological activity of early tracheophytes (pteridophytes) as an alternative medicine for treating human ailments. As the first vascular plants, pteridophytes (aka, ferns and fern allies) are an ancient lineage, and human beings have been exploring and using taxa from this lineage for over 2000 years because of their beneficial properties. We have documented the medicinal uses of pteridophytes belonging to thirty different families. The lycophyte Selaginella sp. was shown in earlier studies to have multiple pharmacological activity, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antidiabetic, antiviral, antimicrobial, and anti-Alzheimer properties. Among all the pteridophytes examined, taxa from the Pteridaceae, Polypodiaceae, and Adiantaceae exhibited significant medicinal activity. Based on our review, many pteridophytes have properties that could be used in alternative medicine for treatment of various human illnesses. Biotechnological tools can be used to preserve and even improve their bioactive molecules for the preparation of medicines against illness. Even though several studies have reported medicinal uses of ferns, the possible bioactive compounds of several pteridophytes have not been identified. Furthermore, their optimal dosage level and treatment strategies still need to be determined. Finally, the future direction of pteridophyte research is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier-ravi Baskaran
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden /Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, China
| | | | - Shou-zhou Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden /Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, China
| | - Shi-xiu Feng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden /Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, China
| | - Wen-bo Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Jayasooriya RGPT, Molagoda IMN, Park C, Jeong JW, Choi YH, Moon DO, Kim MO, Kim GY. Molecular chemotherapeutic potential of butein: A concise review. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 112:1-10. [PMID: 29258953 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Butein is a biologically active flavonoid isolated from the bark of Rhus verniciflua Stokes, which is known to have therapeutic potential against various cancers. Notably, butein inhibits cancer cell growth by inducing G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. Butein-induced G2/M phase arrest is associated with increased phosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and Chk1/2, and consequently, with reduced cdc25C levels. In addition, butein-induced apoptosis is mediated through the activation of caspase-3, which is associated with changes in the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins. Intriguingly, butein sensitizes cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced apoptosis via ERK-mediated Sp1 activation, which promotes the transcription of specific death receptor 5. Butein also inhibits the migration and invasion of human cancer cells by suppressing nuclear factor-κB- and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2-mediated expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor. Additionally, butein downregulates the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase and causes a concomitant decrease in telomerase activity. These findings provide the basis for the pharmaceutical development of butein. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the mechanisms underlying the anticancer activity of butein, with a special focus on its effects on different cellular signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajapaksha Gedara Prasad Tharanga Jayasooriya
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Applied Science, University of Rajarata, Mihintale 50300, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Cheol Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences and Human Ecology, Dongeui University, Busan 67340, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Oh Moon
- Department of Biology Education, Daegu University, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeonsangbuk-do 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Ock Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
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Sulfuretin has therapeutic activity against acquired lymphedema by reducing adipogenesis. Pharmacol Res 2017; 121:230-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Wang Z, Kwon SH, Hwang SH, Kang YH, Lee JY, Lim SS. Competitive binding experiments can reduce the false positive results of affinity-based ultrafiltration-HPLC: A case study for identification of potent xanthine oxidase inhibitors from Perilla frutescens extract. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1048:30-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kang SH, Hwang IH, Son E, Cho CK, Choi JS, Park SJ, Jang BC, Lee KB, Lee ZW, Lee JH, Yoo HS, Jang IS. Allergen-Removed Rhus verniciflua Extract Induces Ovarian Cancer Cell Death via JNK Activation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:1719-1735. [PMID: 27848251 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-[Formula: see text]B (NF-[Formula: see text]B)/Rel transcription factors are best known for their central roles in promoting cell survival in cancer. NF-[Formula: see text]B antagonizes tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-[Formula: see text]-induced apoptosis through a process involving attenuation of the c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK). However, the role of JNK activation in apoptosis induced by negative regulation of NF-[Formula: see text]B is not completely understood. We found that allergen-removed Rhus verniciflua Stokes (aRVS) extract-mediated NF-[Formula: see text]B inhibition induces apoptosis in SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells via the serial activation of caspases and SKOV-3 cells are most specifically suppressed by aRVS. Here, we show that in addition to activating caspases, aRVS extract negatively modulates the TNF-[Formula: see text]-mediated I[Formula: see text]B/NF-[Formula: see text]B pathway to promote JNK activation, which results in apoptosis. When the cytokine TNF-[Formula: see text] binds to the TNF receptor, I[Formula: see text]B dissociates from NF-[Formula: see text]B. As a result, the active NF-[Formula: see text]B translocates to the nucleus. aRVS extract (0.5[Formula: see text]mg/ml) clearly prevented NF-[Formula: see text]B from mobilizing to the nucleus, resulting in the upregulation of JNK phosphorylation. This subsequently increased Bax activation, leading to marked aRVS-induced apoptosis, whereas the JNK inhibitor SP600125 in aRVS extract treated SKOV-3 cells strongly inhibited Bax. Bax subfamily proteins induced apoptosis through caspase-3. Thus, these results indicate that aRVS extract contains components that inhibit NF-[Formula: see text]B signaling to upregulate JNK activation in ovarian cancer cells and support the potential of aRVS as a therapeutic agent for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hui Kang
- * Division of Bioconvergence, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hu Hwang
- † Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunju Son
- ‡ Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Chong-Kwan Cho
- § East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-120, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soon Choi
- * Division of Bioconvergence, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea.,‡ Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Soo-Jung Park
- ¶ Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Wanju, Jeonbuk, 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Churl Jang
- ∥ Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Bok Lee
- * Division of Bioconvergence, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Zee-Won Lee
- * Division of Bioconvergence, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Lee
- ** Department of Integrative Cancer Center, Woosuk Korean Medicine Hospital, Woosuk University, Jeonju 560-833, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Seung Yoo
- § East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-120, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- * Division of Bioconvergence, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
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Verma S, Goyal S, Jamal S, Singh A, Grover A. Hsp90: Friends, clients and natural foes. Biochimie 2016; 127:227-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Xuan TD, Khanh TD. Chemistry and pharmacology of Bidens pilosa: an overview. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2016; 46:91-132. [PMID: 32226639 PMCID: PMC7099298 DOI: 10.1007/s40005-016-0231-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bidens pilosa L. is an edible herb and has been traditionally used for a wide range of ailments in many countries. The aim of this review is to present comprehensive information of the chemical constituents, nutraceutical and ethnomedical uses as well as the biological and pharmacological effects and toxicity of this plant based on 218 literary sources reported over 40 years. Major chemical constituents (including 301 compounds) belonging to polyacetylenes, polyacetylene glycosides, flavonoids, flavone glycosides, aurones, chalcones, okanin glycosides, phenolic acids, terpenes, pheophytins, fatty acids and phytosterols have been identified or isolated from the different parts of this plant. Many of them have been considered as the bioactive compounds which are potentially responsible for the pharmacological actions. Various types of preparations, extracts and individual compounds derived from this plant have been found to possess biological and pharmacological activities such as anti-malarial, anti-allergy, anti-hypertensive and smooth muscle relaxant, anti-cancerogenic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, antioxidant. The results of data analysis on the chemicals, pharmacological and toxicological characteristics of B. pilosa validate the view of its folk worldwide-medicinal uses. This herb has a great beneficial therapeutic property and is possibly used for complement or alternative to pharmaceutical drugs in some specific cases. However, this herb is known as hyperaccumulator and as-excluder; therefore, harvesting the herb for medicinal uses should be judiciously cautioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Dang Xuan
- 2Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Kayamiyama 1-5-1, Higashihiroshima, 739-8529 Japan
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Jang YS, Wang Z, Lee JM, Lee JY, Lim SS. Screening of Korean Natural Products for Anti-Adipogenesis Properties and Isolation of Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside as a Potent Anti-Adipogenetic Compound from Solidago virgaurea. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21020226. [PMID: 26901177 PMCID: PMC6273009 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the anti-adipogenetic activity of 300 plant extracts was investigated using an Oil Red O staining assay in a 3T3-L1 cell line. Our results indicate that three plants, including the stem and leaf of Physalis angulata, the whole grass of Solidago virgaurea, and the root of Dioscorea nipponica, produced over 90% inhibition of adipogenesis. Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, which demonstrated a 48.2% inhibitory effect on adipogenesis without cytotoxicity, was isolated from the butanol layer of a water extract of S. virgaurea guided by the anti-adipogenesis assay in 3T3-L1. PPAR-γ and C/EBPα expression levels were determined using western blot, and our results indicate that kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside has a strong anti-adipogenic effect in 3T3-L1 cells through the suppression of increases in PPAR-γ and C/EBPα expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Soo Jang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Okchon-dong, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-702, Korea.
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Okchon-dong, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-702, Korea.
| | - Jeong-Min Lee
- Department of Boichemistry, Hallym University Medical School, Okchon-dong, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-702, Korea.
| | - Jae-Young Lee
- Department of Boichemistry, Hallym University Medical School, Okchon-dong, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-702, Korea.
- Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Okchon-dong, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-702, Korea.
| | - Soon Sung Lim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Okchon-dong, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-702, Korea.
- Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Okchon-dong, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-702, Korea.
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Rozmer Z, Perjési P. Naturally occurring chalcones and their biological activities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2016. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-014-9387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
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Im WK, Park HJ, Lee KS, Lee JH, Kim YD, Kim KH, Park SJ, Hong S, Jeon SH. Fisetin-Rich Extracts ofRhus vernicifluaStokes Improve Blood Flow Rates in Mice Fed Both Normal and High-Fat Diets. J Med Food 2016; 19:120-6. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.3515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Won Kyun Im
- Department of Life Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang Soo Lee
- Department of Life Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, South Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Lee
- Department of Life Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, South Korea
| | - Young Dong Kim
- Department of Life Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, South Korea
| | | | | | - Seokmann Hong
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Ho Jeon
- Department of Life Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, South Korea
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Clemente-Vicario F, Couto CG, Suruga K, Komatsu Y, Buffington CAT, Kisseberth WC. Clinical Effects of a Plant Extract Mixture Containing <i>Rhus verniciflua</i> and Other Herbs in Tumor Bearing Dogs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/jct.2016.77048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Woo SM, Choi YK, Kim AJ, Cho SG, Ko SG. p53 causes butein‑mediated apoptosis of chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1091-6. [PMID: 26676515 PMCID: PMC4732842 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Progression of chronic myeloid leukemia, marked by the oncogenic Bcr‑Abl mutation, is tightly associated with an alteration of the p53 pathway. It is known that butein extracted from various plants represses cancer growth. Although the anticancer effects of butein are widely accepted, the mechanisms by which butein induces apoptosis of chronic myeloid leukemia cells remains to be elucidated. The present study demonstrated that butein-induced apoptosis was mediated by p53. KBM5 chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells expressing wild-type p53 were more sensitive to butein compared with p53-null K562 CML cells in terms of apoptotic cell death. In addition, butein arrested KBM5 cells at S-phase and altered the expression levels of certain cyclins and the p53-downstream targets, MDM2 and p21. In addition, while butein reduced the protein expression of MDM2 in the KBM5 and K562 cells, it resulted in proteasome-independent MDM2 degradation in p53-expressing KBM5 cells, however, not in p53-null K562 cells. Therefore, the present study suggested that p53 causes the butein-mediated apoptosis of leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Mi Woo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Kynug Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Jeong Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Gook Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, Chungbuk 368‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130‑701, Republic of Korea
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Padmavathi G, Rathnakaram SR, Monisha J, Bordoloi D, Roy NK, Kunnumakkara AB. Potential of butein, a tetrahydroxychalcone to obliterate cancer. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 22:1163-1171. [PMID: 26598915 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the major advances made in the field of cancer biology, it still remains one of the most fatal diseases in the world. It is now well established that natural products are safe and efficacious and have high potential in the prevention and treatment of different diseases including cancer. Butein is one such compound which is now found to have anti-cancer properties against various malignancies. PURPOSE To thoroughly review the literature available on the anti-cancer properties of butein against different cancers and its molecular targets. METHODS A thorough literature search has been done in PubMed for butein, its biological activities especially cancer and its molecular targets. RESULTS Our search retrieved several reports on the various biological activities of butein in which around 43 articles reported that butein shows potential anti-proliferative effect against a wide range of neoplasms and the molecular target varies with cancer types. Most often it targets NF-κB and its downstream pathways. In addition, butein induces the expression of genes which mediate the cell death and apoptosis in cancer cells. It also inhibits tumor angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis in prostate, liver and bladder cancers through the inhibition of MMPs, VEGF etc. Moreover, it inhibits the overexpression of several proteins and enzymes such as STAT3, ERK, CXCR4, COX-2, Akt, EGFR, Ras etc. involved in tumorigenesis. CONCLUSION Collectively, all these findings suggest the enormous potential and efficacy of butein as a multitargeted chemotherapeutic, chemopreventive and chemosensitizing agent against a wide range of cancers with minimal or no adverse side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Padmavathi
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Sivakumar Raju Rathnakaram
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Javadi Monisha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Devivasha Bordoloi
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Nand Kishor Roy
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India .
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Jin MJ, Kim IS, Rehman SU, Dong MS, Na CS, Yoo HH. A Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Simultaneous Quantitation of 10 Bioactive Components in Rhus verniciflua Extracts. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 54:390-6. [PMID: 26499118 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmv152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a simultaneous method to quantify 10 bioactive compounds in Rhus verniciflua extracts using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The chromatographic separation was performed using a C18 column under gradient elution with 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile as the mobile phase solvents. The analytes were detected in the negative-ion mode using multiple-reaction monitoring detection with an electrospray ionization interface. The calibration curves for all the analytes showed good linearity (r(2) >0.997) over the concentration range of 1-1,000 ng/mL. The recovery values were within 89.53-110.14%, and the intra- and interday coefficients of variation were <4.86% for all the tested compounds. The developed method was successfully applied to a quality assessment of the R. verniciflua extract samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ji Jin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - In Sook Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Shaheed Ur Rehman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Sook Dong
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Soo Na
- Lifetree Biotech Co., Ltd., Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 441-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Hyun Yoo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Republic of Korea
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Jin MJ, Kim IS, Park JS, Dong MS, Na CS, Yoo HH. Pharmacokinetic Profile of Eight Phenolic Compounds and Their Conjugated Metabolites after Oral Administration of Rhus verniciflua Extracts in Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:5410-5416. [PMID: 25998231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Rhus verniciflua (Toxicodendron vernicifluum) is a medicinal tree popularly used in Asian countries such as China, Japan, and Korea as a food additive or herbal medicine because of its beneficial effects. R. verniciflua extract (RVE) contains diverse phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids, as its major biological active constituents. In this study, the pharmacokinetic profiles of eight phenolic compounds were investigated following oral administration of RVE to rats. The eight phenolic compounds were 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, fisetin, fustin, butin, sulfuretin, taxifolin, and garbanzol. The plasma concentrations of the eight compounds were determined by using a liquid chromatography-triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer before and after treatment with β-glucuronidase. When 1.5 g/kg RVE was administered, the eight compounds were all detected in plasma, mainly as conjugated forms. These pharmacokinetic data would be useful for understanding the pharmacological effects of RVE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ji Jin
- †Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Korea
| | - In Sook Kim
- †Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Korea
| | - Jong Suk Park
- †Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Korea
| | - Mi-Sook Dong
- §School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Korea
| | - Chun-Soo Na
- #Lifetree Biotech Company, Ltd., Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 441-350, Korea
| | - Hye Hyun Yoo
- †Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Korea
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Anti-inflammatory effect of Rhus verniciflua stokes extract in the murine macrophage cell line, Raw264.7. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13765-015-0065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kim BG, Kwon HY, Sohn EJ, Hwang S, Kwon OS, Kim SH. Activation of caspases and inhibition of ribosome biogenesis mediate antitumor activity of Chijongdan in A549 non-small lung cancer cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:420. [PMID: 25345917 PMCID: PMC4226917 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Though herbal medicines have been used for cancer prevention and treatment, their scientific evidences still remain unclear so far. Thus, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) project has been actively executed to reveal the scientific evidences in the USA and other countries. In the present study, we elucidated antitumor mechanism of Chijongdan, an oriental prescription of Rhus verniciflua, processed Panax ginseng, Persicaria tinctoria and Realgar, that has been traditionally applied for cancer treatment in Korea. Methods Chijongdan was prepared with extracts of Rhus verniciflua, processed Panax ginseng, Persicaria tinctoria and processed Realgar. The cytotoxicity of Chijongdan was measured by MTT colorimetric assay. Cell cycle analysis was performed by FACS. Western blot was performed to see the apoptosis related proteins. Results Chijongdan significantly exerted cytotoxicity in A549, H460 and H1299 non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells by MTT assay and also increased the number of ethidium homodimer positively stained cells in A549 NSCLC cells. Also, cell cycle analysis showed that Chijongdan increased sub-G1 population in a concentration dependent manner in A549 cells. In addition, Western blotting revealed that Chijongdan activated cleaved PARP, and caspase 9/3, while attenuated the expression of survival genes such as Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and survivin in A549 cells. Furthermore, Chijongdan suppressed the expression of ribosomal biogenesis related proteins such as upstream binding factor (UBF), Fibrillarin, NPM (B23) and Importin-7 (IPO7) and conversely pan-caspase inhibitor Z--VAD-FMK reversed the apoptotic ability of Chijongdan to cleave PARP and caspase 3 and attenuate the expression of UBF and Fibrillarin in A549 cells. Conclusions These findings suggest that Chijongdan induces apoptosis and inhibits ribosomal biogenesis proteins via caspase activation.
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Kim JH, Shin YC, Ko SG. Integrating traditional medicine into modern inflammatory diseases care: multitargeting by Rhus verniciflua Stokes. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:154561. [PMID: 25024508 PMCID: PMC4082934 DOI: 10.1155/2014/154561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that numerous researches were performed on prevention and treatment of inflammation related diseases, the overall incidence has not changed remarkably. This requires new approaches to overcome inflammation mediated diseases, and thus traditional medicine could be an efficacious source for prevention and treatment of these diseases. In this review, we discuss the contribution of traditional medicine, especially Rhus verniciflua Stokes, to modern medicine against diverse inflammation mediated diseases. Traditionally, this remedy has been used in Eastern Asia for the treatment of gastric problems, hepatic disorders, infectious diseases, and blood disorders. Modern science has provided the scientific basis for the use of Rhus verniciflua Stokes against such disorders and diseases. Various chemical constituents have been identified from this plant, including phenolic acid, and flavonoids. Cell-based studies have exhibited the potential of this as antibacterial, antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, growth inhibitory, and anticancer activities. Enormous animal studies have shown the potential of this against proinflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, liver diseases, and chemical insults. At the molecular level, this medicinal plant has been shown to modulate diverse cell-signaling pathways. In clinical studies, Rhus verniciflua Stokes has shown efficacy against various cancer patients such as colorectal, gastric, hepatic, renal, pancreatic, and pulmonary cancers. Thus, this remedy is now exhibiting activities in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Kim
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyunghee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Cheol Shin
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyunghee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyunghee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Cho SG, Woo SM, Ko SG. Butein suppresses breast cancer growth by reducing a production of intracellular reactive oxygen species. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2014; 33:51. [PMID: 24919544 PMCID: PMC4064524 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-33-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Butein has various functions in human diseases including cancer. While anti-cancer effects of butein have been revealed, it is urgent to understand a unique role of butein against cancer. In this study, we demonstrate that butein inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production results in suppression of breast cancer growth. Methods Different breast cancer cell lines were treated with butein and then subjected to cell viability and apoptosis assays. Butein-sensitive or -resistant breast cancer cells were injected into mammary fat pads of immunocompromised mice and then butein was injected. Breast cancer cells were categorized on the basis of butein sensitivity. Results Butein reduced viabilities of different breast cancer cells, while not affecting those of HER2-positive (HER2+) HCC-1419, SKBR-3 and HCC-2218 breast cancer cells. Butein reduction of ROS levels was correlated with apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, butein reduction of ROS level led to inhibitions of AKT phosphorylation. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a free radical scavenger, also reduced ROS production and AKT phosphorylation, resulting in apoptotic cell death. In contrast, inhibitory effects of both butein and NAC on ROS production and AKT phosphorylation were not detected in butein-resistant HER2+ HCC-1419, SKBR-3 and HCC-2218 cells. In the in vivo tumor growth assays, butein inhibited tumor growth of butein-sensitive HER2+ BT-474 cells, while not affecting that of butein-resistant HER2+ HCC-1419 cells. Moreover, butein inhibition of ROS production and AKT phosphorylation was confirmed by in vivo tumor growth assays. Conclusions Our study first reveals that butein causes breast cancer cell death by the reduction of ROS production. Therefore, our finding provides better knowledge for butein effect on breast cancer and also suggests its treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi, Seoul 130701, Korea.
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Seo YH, Jeong JH. Synthesis of Butein Analogues and their Anti-proliferative Activity Against Gefitinib-resistant Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) through Hsp90 Inhibition. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.5.1294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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The cytoprotective effect of sulfuretin against tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced hepatotoxicity through Nrf2/ARE and JNK/ERK MAPK-mediated heme oxygenase-1 expression. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:8863-77. [PMID: 24857917 PMCID: PMC4057764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15058863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfuretin is one of the major flavonoid components in Rhus verniciflua Stokes (Anacardiaceae) isolates. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of sulfuretin against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative injury. The results indicated that the addition of sulfuretin before t-BHP treatment significantly inhibited cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human liver-derived HepG2 cells. Sulfuretin up-regulated the activity of the antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase (HO)-1 via nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) translocation into the nucleus and increased the promoter activity of the antioxidant response element (ARE). Moreover, sulfuretin exposure enhanced the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), which are members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family. Furthermore, cell treatment with a JNK inhibitor (SP600125) and ERK inhibitor (PD98059) reduced sulfuretin-induced HO-1 expression and decreased its protective effects. Taken together, these results suggest that the protective effect of sulfuretin against t-BHP-induced oxidative damage in human liver-derived HepG2 cells is attributable to its ability to scavenge ROS and up-regulate the activity of HO-1 through the Nrf2/ARE and JNK/ERK signaling pathways. Therefore, sulfuretin could be advantageous as a bioactive source for the prevention of oxidative injury.
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Inhibitory effect of Rhus verniciflua Stokes extract on human aromatase activity; butin is its major bioactive component. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1730-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Seo YH. Butein Disrupts Hsp90's Molecular Chaperoning Function and Exhibits Anti-proliferative Effects Against Drug-resistant Cancer Cells. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.11.3345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hiruma W, Suruga K, Kadokura K, Tomita T, Sekino Y, Komatsu Y, Kimura M, Ono N. The Antitumor Effects of a Plant Extract Mixture. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2013; 133:487-91. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.12-00278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Hiruma
- Medicinal Informatics and Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University
- International Operations Department, Kibun Foods Inc
| | - Kohei Suruga
- International Operations Department, Kibun Foods Inc
| | | | | | | | | | - Masahiko Kimura
- Medicinal Informatics and Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University
| | - Nobufumi Ono
- Medicinal Informatics and Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University
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Impact of Standardized Allergen-Removed Rhus verniciflua Stokes Extract on Advanced Adenocarcinoma of the Ampulla of Vater: A Case Series. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:203168. [PMID: 23710214 PMCID: PMC3654714 DOI: 10.1155/2013/203168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background. Adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater (AAV) is a rare malignancy that has a better prognosis than other periampullary cancers. However, the standard treatment for patients with relapsed or metastatic AAV has not been established. We investigated the clinical feasibility of standardized allergen-removed Rhus verniciflua stokes (aRVS) extract for advanced or metastatic AAV. Patients and Methods. From July 2006 to April 2011, we retrospectively reviewed all patients with advanced AAV treated with aRVS extract alone. After applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, 12 patients were eligible for the final analysis. We assessed the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of these patients during the follow-up period. Results. The median aRVS administration period was 147.0 days (range: 72–601 days). The best tumor responses according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors were as follows: two with complete response, two with stable disease, and eight with progressive disease. The median OS was 15.1 months (range: 4.9–25.1 months), and the median PFS was 3.0 months (range: 1.6–11.4 months). Adverse reactions to the aRVS treatment were mostly mild and self-limiting. Conclusions. Prolonged survival was observed in patients with advanced AAV under the treatment of standardized aRVS extract without significant adverse effects.
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Song NJ, Yoon HJ, Kim KH, Jung SR, Jang WS, Seo CR, Lee YM, Kweon DH, Hong JW, Lee JS, Park KM, Lee KR, Park KW. Butein is a novel anti-adipogenic compound. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:1385-96. [PMID: 23468131 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m035576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) has been used as a traditional herbal medicine for its various biological activities including anti-adipogenic effects. Activity-guided separation led to the identification of the anti-adipogenic functions of butein. Butein, a novel anti-adipogenic compound, robustly suppressed lipid accumulation and inhibited expression of adipogenic markers. Molecular studies showed that activated transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and suppressed signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathways were mediated by butein. Analysis of the temporal expression profiles suggests that TGF-β signaling precedes the STAT3 in the butein-mediated anti-adipogenic cascade. Small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of STAT3 or SMAD2/3 blunted the inhibitory effects of butein on adipogenesis indicating that an interaction between two signaling pathways is required for the action of butein. Upon butein treatments, stimulation of TGF-β signaling was still preserved in STAT3 silenced cells, whereas regulation of STAT3 signaling by butein was significantly impaired in SMAD2/3 silenced cells, further showing that TGF-β acts upstream of STAT3 in the butein-mediated anti-adipogenesis. Taken together, the present study shows that butein, a novel anti-adipogenic compound from RVS, inhibits adipocyte differentiation through the TGF-β pathway followed by STAT3 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ signaling, further implicating potential roles of butein in TGF-β- and STAT3-dysregulated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- No-Joon Song
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
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KIM JEONGMI, NOH EUNMI, KWON KANGBEOM, KIM JONGSUK, YOU YONGOUK, HWANG JINKI, HWANG BOMI, KIM MINSEUK, LEE SEUNGJIN, JUNG SUNGHOO, YOUN HYUNJO, CHUNG EUNYONG, LEE YOUNGRAE. Suppression of TPA-induced tumor cell invasion by sulfuretin via inhibition of NF-κB-dependent MMP-9 expression. Oncol Rep 2013; 29:1231-7. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Shin SH, Koo KH, Bae JS, Cha SB, Kang IS, Kang MS, Kim HS, Heo HS, Park MS, Gil GH, Lee JY, Kim KH, Li Y, Lee HK, Song SW, Choi HS, Kang BH, Kim JC. Single and 90-day repeated oral dose toxicity studies of fermented Rhus verniciflua stem bark extract in Sprague-Dawley rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 55:617-26. [PMID: 23416650 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Fermented Rhus verniciflua stem bark (FRVSB) extract, an urushiol-free extract of Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) fermented with Fomitella fraxinea, has various biological activities. The present study was carried out to investigate the potential toxicity of the FRVSB extract following single and repeated oral administration to Sprague-Dawley rats. In the single dose toxicity study, the FRVSB extract was administered orally to male and female rats at single doses of 0, 2500, 5000, and 10,000mg/kg. No animals died and no toxic changes were observed in clinical signs, body weight, and necropsy findings during the 15-day period following administration. In the repeated dose toxicity study, the FRVSB extract was administered orally to male and female rats for 90days at doses of 0, 556, 1667, and 5000mg/kg/day. There were no treatment-related adverse effects in clinical signs, body weight, food and water consumption, ophthalmic examination, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, necropsy findings, organ weight, and histopathology at any dose tested. The approximate lethal dose of the FRVSB extract was >10,000mg/kg in both genders, the oral no-observed-adverse-effect level of the FRVSB extract was >5000mg/kg/day in both genders, and no target organs were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Ho Shin
- Preclinical Research Center, ChemOn Inc., 334 Jeil-ri, Yangji-myeon, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 449-826, Republic of Korea
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Sulfuretin-induced miR-30C selectively downregulates cyclin D1 and D2 and triggers cell death in human cancer cell lines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 431:572-8. [PMID: 23318178 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sulfuretin (3',4',6'-trihydroxyaurone), one of the key flavonoids isolated from Rhus verniciflua, is known to suppress inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the anti-cancer properties of sulfuretin as well as its mechanism of action remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the expression of miR-30C is markedly enhanced in sulfuretin-stimulated cells, consequently promoting apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human cancer cell lines. The transient transfection of pre-miR-30C resulted in greater than 70% growth inhibition in PC-3 cells and provided strong evidence that miR-30C selectively suppresses the expression of cyclin D1 and D2, but not cyclin D3. Target validation analysis revealed that 3'-UTR of cyclin D2 is a direct target of miR-30C, whereas suppression by miR-30C of cyclin D1 may occur through indirect mRNA regulation. In addition, silencing miR-30C expression partially reversed sulfuretin-induced cell death. Taken together, our data suggest that miR-30C, a tumor suppressor miRNA, contributes to anti-cancer properties of sulfuretin by negatively regulating cyclin D1 and D2, providing important implications of sulfuretin and miR-30C for the therapeutic intervention of human cancers.
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