1
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Huo J, Lv X, Duan Q, Jiang R, Yang D, Sun L, Li S, Qian X. Antimicrobial and hydrophobic cellulose paper prepared by covalently attaching cinnamaldehyde for strawberries preservation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131790. [PMID: 38677693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The demand for paper-based packaging materials as an alternative to incumbent disposable petroleum-derived polymers for food packaging applications is ever-growing. However, typical paper-based formats are not suitable for use in unconventional applications due to inherent limitations (e.g., excessive hydrophilicity, lack antimicrobial ability), and accordingly, enabling new capabilities is necessity. Herein, a simple and environmentally friendly strategy was proposed to introduce antimicrobial and hydrophobic functions to cellulose paper through successive chemical grafting of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) and cinnamaldehyde (CA). The results revealed that cellulose paper not only showed long-term antibacterial effect on different bacteria, but also inhibited a wide range of fungi. Encouragingly, the modified paper, which is fluorine-free, displays a high contact angle of 119.7°. Thus, even in the wet state, the modified paper can still maintain good mechanical strength. Meanwhile, the multifunctional composite papers have excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. Compared with ordinary cellulose paper, multifunctional composite paper can effectively prolong the shelf life of strawberries. Therefore, the multifunctional composite paper represents good application potential as a fruit packaging material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Huo
- Research Division for Sustainable Papermaking & Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xingyu Lv
- Research Division for Sustainable Papermaking & Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Qinghui Duan
- Research Division for Sustainable Papermaking & Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruyi Jiang
- Research Division for Sustainable Papermaking & Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Dongmei Yang
- Research Division for Sustainable Papermaking & Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lijian Sun
- College of Light Industry and Textile, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China.
| | - Shujun Li
- Research Division for Sustainable Papermaking & Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.
| | - Xueren Qian
- Research Division for Sustainable Papermaking & Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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2
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Ji C, Wei J, Wang Y. Cinnamaldehyde-enriched Pickering emulsions stabilized by modified cellulose I and II nanocrystals recycled from maple leaves for shrimp preservation. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 326:121590. [PMID: 38142089 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of biomass waste has attracted much interest, but such attention hasn't been paid to the abundant fallen maple leaves in Canada. Herein, we aim to obtain cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from maple leaves and explore their potential applications as sustainable stabilizers of Pickering emulsions for the preservation of food products with complicated structures. The results reveal that two types of CNCs were extracted from maple leaves at different alkaline conditions. Octenyl succinic anhydride was selected to modify rod-like CNCs, and the CNC-stabilized oil-in-water Pickering emulsions showed excellent stability. Cinnamaldehyde, a model antibacterial compound, was incorporated in the Pickering emulsions, which exhibited the improved storage stability and sustained antibacterial capacity towards both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Shrimp was chosen as an example that has complicated surface structure and is hard to disinfect, and the CNC-stabilized Pickering emulsions could be easily sprayed on the surface of shrimp to inhibit the proliferation of bacteria and inactivate the psychrophilic bacteria responsible for shrimp spoilage at refrigerated condition, so as to preserve the quality of shrimp. Therefore, the current work suggests the possibility to utilize fallen maple leaves as a promising source of CNCs and the applications of CNC-stabilized Pickering emulsions in seafood preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuye Ji
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Jiachen Wei
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada.
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3
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Mosaddad SA, Hussain A, Tebyaniyan H. Green Alternatives as Antimicrobial Agents in Mitigating Periodontal Diseases: A Narrative Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1269. [PMCID: PMC10220622 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases and dental caries are the most common infectious oral diseases impacting oral health globally. Oral cavity health is crucial for enhancing life quality since it serves as the entranceway to general health. The oral microbiome and oral infectious diseases are strongly correlated. Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria have been associated with periodontal diseases. Due to the shortcomings of several antimicrobial medications frequently applied in dentistry, the lack of resources in developing countries, the prevalence of oral inflammatory conditions, and the rise in bacterial antibiotic resistance, there is a need for reliable, efficient, and affordable alternative solutions for the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. Several accessible chemical agents can alter the oral microbiota, although these substances also have unfavorable symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, and tooth discoloration. Natural phytochemicals generated from plants that have historically been used as medicines are categorized as prospective alternatives due to the ongoing quest for substitute products. This review concentrated on phytochemicals or herbal extracts that impact periodontal diseases by decreasing the formation of dental biofilms and plaques, preventing the proliferation of oral pathogens, and inhibiting bacterial adhesion to surfaces. Investigations examining the effectiveness and safety of plant-based medicines have also been presented, including those conducted over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Mosaddad
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran;
| | - Ahmed Hussain
- School of Dentistry, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Hamid Tebyaniyan
- Science and Research Branch, Islimic Azade University, Tehran 14878-92855, Iran
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4
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Lee S, Kim M, Ahn BJ, Jang Y. Odorant-responsive biological receptors and electronic noses for volatile organic compounds with aldehyde for human health and diseases: A perspective review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 455:131555. [PMID: 37156042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are gaseous chemicals found in ambient air and exhaled breath. In particular, highly reactive aldehydes are frequently found in polluted air and have been linked to various diseases. Thus, extensive studies have been carried out to elucidate disease-specific aldehydes released from the body to develop potential biomarkers for diagnostic purposes. Mammals possess innate sensory systems, such as receptors and ion channels, to detect these VOCs and maintain physiological homeostasis. Recently, electronic biosensors such as the electronic nose have been developed for disease diagnosis. This review aims to present an overview of natural sensory receptors that can detect reactive aldehydes, as well as electronic noses that have the potential to diagnose certain diseases. In this regard, this review focuses on eight aldehydes that are well-defined as biomarkers in human health and disease. It offers insights into the biological aspects and technological advances in detecting aldehyde-containing VOCs. Therefore, this review will aid in understanding the role of aldehyde-containing VOCs in human health and disease and the technological advances for improved diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solpa Lee
- Department of Medical and Digital Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, South Korea
| | - Minwoo Kim
- Department of Medical and Digital Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, South Korea
| | - Bum Ju Ahn
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, South Korea
| | - Yongwoo Jang
- Department of Medical and Digital Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, South Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, South Korea.
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5
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Iminated aminoglycosides in self-emulsifying drug delivery systems: Dual approach to break down the microbial defense. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 630:164-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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6
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Chang K, Zeng N, Ding Y, Zhao X, Gao C, Li Y, Wang H, Liu X, Niu Y, Sun Y, Li T, Shi Y, Wu C, Li Z. Cinnamaldehyde causes developmental neurotoxicity in zebrafish via the oxidative stress pathway that is rescued by astaxanthin. Food Funct 2022; 13:13028-13039. [PMID: 36449017 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02309a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Toxicology studies provide a reliable dose range for the use of compounds. Zebrafish show unique advantages in toxicology research. Cinnamaldehyde (Cin) is one of the main active compounds isolated from Cinnamon trees and other species of the genus Cinnamomum. In this study, we investigated the developmental neurotoxicity of cinnamaldehyde in zebrafish and preliminarily explored its underlying mechanism. Cinnamaldehyde causes developmental neurotoxicity in zebrafish, as evidenced by the damage to ventricular structures, eye malformations, shortened body length, trunk curvature, decreased neuronal fluorescence, and pericardial oedema. Moreover, it can induce abnormal behaviour and gene expression in zebrafish. After treatment with the oxidative stress inhibitor astaxanthin, the behaviour and abnormal gene expression were reversed. All of these data demonstrated that the developmental neurotoxicity of cinnamaldehyde might be attributed to oxidative stress. In addition, this study also confirmed that zebrafish is a reliable model for toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihui Chang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes) & the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Nan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yonghe Ding
- The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes) & the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xiangzhong Zhao
- The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes) & the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Chengwen Gao
- The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes) & the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Yafang Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haoxu Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yujuan Niu
- The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes) & the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Yuanchao Sun
- The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes) & the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Teng Li
- The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes) & the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Yongyong Shi
- The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes) & the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Chuanhong Wu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes) & the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes) & the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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7
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Shi Y, Zhou Y, Lou Y, Chen Z, Xiong H, Zhu Y. Homogeneity of Supported Single-Atom Active Sites Boosting the Selective Catalytic Transformations. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201520. [PMID: 35808964 PMCID: PMC9404403 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Selective conversion of specific functional groups to desired products is highly important but still challenging in industrial catalytic processes. The adsorption state of surface species is the key factor in modulating the conversion of functional groups, which is correspondingly determined by the uniformity of active sites. However, the non-identical number of metal atoms, geometric shape, and morphology of conventional nanometer-sized metal particles/clusters normally lead to the non-uniform active sites with diverse geometric configurations and local coordination environments, which causes the distinct adsorption states of surface species. Hence, it is highly desired to modulate the homogeneity of the active sites so that the catalytic transformations can be better confined to the desired direction. In this review, the construction strategies and characterization techniques of the uniform active sites that are atomically dispersed on various supports are examined. In particular, their unique behavior in boosting the catalytic performance in various chemical transformations is discussed, including selective hydrogenation, selective oxidation, Suzuki coupling, and other catalytic reactions. In addition, the dynamic evolution of the active sites under reaction conditions and the industrial utilization of the single-atom catalysts are highlighted. Finally, the current challenges and frontiers are identified, and the perspectives on this flourishing field is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological ColloidsMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemical and Material EngineeringJiangnan UniversityWuxiJiangsu214122P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and MaterialsJiangnan UniversityWuxiJiangsu214122P. R. China
| | - Yuwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological ColloidsMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemical and Material EngineeringJiangnan UniversityWuxiJiangsu214122P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and MaterialsJiangnan UniversityWuxiJiangsu214122P. R. China
| | - Yang Lou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological ColloidsMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemical and Material EngineeringJiangnan UniversityWuxiJiangsu214122P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and MaterialsJiangnan UniversityWuxiJiangsu214122P. R. China
| | - Zupeng Chen
- College of Chemical EngineeringNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Xiong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen361005P. R. China
| | - Yongfa Zhu
- Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
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8
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Chen Q, Jia C, Xu Y, Jiang Z, Hu T, Li C, Cheng X. Dual-pH responsive chitosan nanoparticles for improving in vivo drugs delivery and chemoresistance in breast cancer. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 290:119518. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Sun J, Leng X, Zang J, Zhao G. Bio-based antibacterial food packaging films and coatings containing cinnamaldehyde: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:140-152. [PMID: 35900224 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2105300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
As a typical bioactive compound from the bark and leaves of the trees of the genus Cinnamomum, cinnamaldehyde (CIN) is natural and safe. Its excellent antibacterial activity against various foodborne microorganisms is growingly regarded as a promising additive for improving and enhancing the properties of bio-based packaging films/coatings. This review systematically summarized the bio-based food packaging films/coatings containing CIN developed recently. The effects of CIN incorporation on physical and chemical properties of the antibacterial food packaging films/coatings, including thickness, color index, transparency, water content, water solubility, water contact angle, mechanical performances, water barrier performances, and antibacterial performances, were discussed. Simultaneously, this work also concluded that an explanation of the antibacterial mechanism of CIN and preparation methods of bio-based packaging films/coatings containing CIN/CIN carriers. Notably, the incorporation of CIN into the films/coatings could enhance their antibacterial performance extend the shelf-life of various foods, such as fish, meats, vegetables, fruits, and other perishable food, while improving their physical and chemical properties. Although incorporating CIN into food packaging films/coatings has been extensively studied, long-term follow-up research on the human safety of active food packaging films/coatings containing CIN needs to be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishuai Sun
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Leng
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiachen Zang
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghua Zhao
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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10
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Cinnamaldehyde Relieves Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Rat Model via Targeting Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Sci Pharm 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm90020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde (CA) is a natural compound that has promising biological activity. The current study investigates the antitumor activity of CA in thioacetamide induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in rats through targeting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and evaluates the capability of CA to relieve hepatocytes oxidative stress in the HCC-rat model. After 16 weeks of HCC induction by thioacetamide (TAA), rats were treated for 7 consecutive weeks with CA daily; i.p. injection, Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, necroinflammatory score and fibrosis percentage were measured to assess HCC development. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway was evaluated by measuring the hepatic protein level of Wnt-3a, β-catenin, cyclin D, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Furthermore, hepatocytes’ oxidative stress was assessed by measuring hepatic GSH and MDA contents. Results showed that CA was significantly inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway through the downregulation of hepatic Wnt-3a, β-catenin, cyclin D, MMP-9, and VEGF. Moreover, CA ameliorates hepatocytes’ oxidative stress via lowering hepatic MDA content and rising hepatic GSH content. Thus, in conclusion, CA is a promising treatment for HCC. It not only has an effective antitumor activity but also ameliorates hepatocytes’ oxidative stress.
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11
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Insights into mechanism of catalytic ozonation of cinnamyl alcohol over core–shell Fe3O4@SiO2@La2O3 catalyst. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Chen J, Yi Z, Sun R, Ning W, Zhou C, Tian Z, Sun C, Li Y. Analysis of Fragrance Allergens in Personal Care Products, Toys, and Water Samples: A Review. J AOAC Int 2021; 105:396-412. [PMID: 34951644 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsab156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Fragrance allergens (FAs) refer to these volatile or semi-volatile fragrance compounds that can cause irritation and negative reactions. A large number of emerging FAs are widely used in household goods, and cause contact allergy or allergic contact dermatitis in eczema population and the general population. It shows an increasing prevalence and is regarded as a concern to public health. Recently, more and more studies have focused on the analytical methods of FAs in a variety of samples with different matrices. Therefore, a systematic and comprehensive overview of recent progress of analysis of FAs in various samples is needed. In this review, the physical and chemical properties, applications, hazards, and the recent advances of sample preparation and determination methods of common FAs in personal care products, toys, and water samples are systematically and comprehensively summarized. Meanwhile, this review also discusses the advantages and limitations of different sample pretreatment and detection methods, thus offering a deep-going discussion of the development and future trends in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China.,Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310057 China
| | - Zonghui Yi
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Rui Sun
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Wei Ning
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Chen Zhou
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Ziyi Tian
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Chengjun Sun
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment of Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Yongxin Li
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment of Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041 China
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13
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Zhao J, Zheng X, Tao S, Zhu Y, Yi J, Tang S, Li R, Chen H, Fu H, Yuan M. Selective Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydroformylation of Terminal Arylalkynes and Conjugated Enynes to (Poly)enals Enabled by a π-Acceptor Biphosphoramidite Ligand. Org Lett 2021; 23:6067-6072. [PMID: 34286992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The hydroformylation of terminal arylalkynes and enynes offers a straightforward synthetic route to the valuable (poly)enals. However, the hydroformylation of terminal alkynes has remained a long-standing challenge. Herein, an efficient and selective Rh-catalyzed hydroformylation of terminal arylalkynes and conjugated enynes has been achieved by using a new stable biphosphoramidite ligand with strong π-acceptor capacity, which affords various important E-(poly)enals in good yields with excellent chemo- and regioselectivity at low temperatures and low syngas pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xueli Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Shaokun Tao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Zhu
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, 17 South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Jiwei Yi
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Songbai Tang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Ruixiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Maolin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
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14
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Lepoittevin JP, Lafforgue C. Molecular Aspects in Allergic and Irritant Contact Dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36335-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Zhao X, Shan P, Liu H, Li D, Cai P, Li Z, Li Z. Poly(ethylene glycol)s With a Single Cinnamaldehyde Acetal Unit for Fabricating Acid-Degradable Hydrogel. Front Chem 2020; 8:839. [PMID: 33102441 PMCID: PMC7522333 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A synthetic route to prepare a poly(ethylene glycol) with a single cinnamaldehyde acetal unit in the polymer chain, was successfully established using a newly synthesized cinnamaldehyde acetal diethylene glycol (CADEG) as initiator. This HO-PEG(ca)-OH is non-toxic and would be degraded into a cinnamaldehyde and two PEG diols in acid environment. A whole polyethylene glycol based hydrogel was easily fabricated by thiol-ene “click” reaction in alkalescence aqueous solution using acrylate-PEG(ca)-acrylate and 4-arm PEG-SH as raw materials at room temperature. The gel time was dependent on the pH of the solution and its alkalinity can promote gel. The hydrogel can be degradable in acidic conditions and the stronger the acidity, the faster the degradation. This HO-PEG(ca)-OH also can be used in synthesis of cinnamaldehyde containing PEG derivatives, block copolymers or other acid degradable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry & Vision Science, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry & Vision Science, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haiwei Liu
- The Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Daai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry & Vision Science, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peihan Cai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry & Vision Science, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Abstract
Cascade reactions are the basis of life in nature and are adapted to research and industry in an increasing manner. The focus of this study is the production of the high-value aromatic ester cinnamyl cinnamate, which can be applied in flavors and fragrances. A three-enzyme cascade was established to realize the synthesis, starting from the corresponding aldehyde with in situ cofactor regeneration in a two-phase system. After characterization of the enzymes, a screening with different organic solvents was carried out, whereby xylene was found to be the most suitable solvent for the second phase. The reaction stability of the formate dehydrogenase (FDH) from Candida boidinii is the limiting step during cofactor regeneration. However, the applied enzyme cascade showed an overall yield of 54%. After successful application on lab scale, the limitation by the FDH was overcome by immobilization of the enzymes and an optimized downstream process, transferring the cascade into a miniplant. The upscaling resulted in an increased yield for the esterification, as well as overall yields of 37%.
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Marchesini P, Novato TP, Cardoso SJ, de Azevedo Prata MC, do Nascimento RM, Klafke G, Costa-Júnior LM, Maturano R, Lopes WDZ, Bittencourt VREP, Monteiro C. Acaricidal activity of (E)-cinnamaldehyde and α-bisabolol on populations of Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) with different resistance profiles. Vet Parasitol 2020; 286:109226. [PMID: 32979684 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the acaricidal activity of (E)-cinnamaldehyde and α-bisabolol on populations of Rhipicephalus microplus with different resistance profiles. The adult immersion test (AIT) was used to characterize the susceptibility of tick populations (50 field populations) to synthetic acaricides: deltamethrin, amitraz, and chlorfenvinphos. The larval packet test (LPT) was used to determine the LC50 values for (E)-cinnamaldehyde (populations 1-25) and α-bisabolol (populations 26-50) at the concentrations of 0.31, 0.62, 1.25, 2.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/mL. The susceptible strain Porto Alegre (POA) was used as a reference for calculating the resistance ratio (RR). In the AIT, deltamethrin did not show efficacy >95 % for any of the populations, whereas amitraz and chlorfenvinphos have presented efficacy >95 % for three (6 %) and 15 (30 %) populations, respectively. In the LPT, the LC50 values of (E)-cinnamaldehyde and α-bisabolol varied from 0.23 to 2.36 mg/mL and 1.57-3.01 mg/mL, respectively. The RR50 for (E)-cinnamaldehyde showed 20 (80 %) populations with values <1.0 and no population with values>1.5. As for α-bisabolol, only two (8%) populations have presented RR50 <1.0, whereas three (12 %) populations showed incipient resistance to this sesquiterpene (RR50 between 1.5 and 2.0). The results indicate that all studied tick populations showed low susceptibility to at least one of the commercial acaricides tested. In addition, comparison between the LC50 values of (E)-cinnamaldehyde and α-bisabolol for the field populations and the susceptible strain POA suggests that there is no cross-resistance of (E)-cinnamaldehyde and α-bisabolol for the tick populations evaluated, and that the differences in the LC50 values are due to population variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Marchesini
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias da Universidade Federal Rural do, Rio de Janeiro, BR-465, Km 7 - Seropédica, RJ, 23897-000, Brazil.
| | - Tatiane Pinheiro Novato
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias da Universidade Federal Rural do, Rio de Janeiro, BR-465, Km 7 - Seropédica, RJ, 23897-000, Brazil.
| | - Simone Jaqueline Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n - Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Rafael Moreira do Nascimento
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Comportamento e Biologia Animal da Universidade Federal de Juiz de For a, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n - Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Klafke
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal (IPVDF), Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Governo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil.
| | - Lívio M Costa-Júnior
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, Bacanga, São Luís, MA, CEP 65080-805, Brazil.
| | - Ralph Maturano
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Comportamento e Biologia Animal da Universidade Federal de Juiz de For a, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n - Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil.
| | - Welber Daniel Zaneti Lopes
- Departamento de Imunologia, Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74.690-900, Brazil.
| | - Vânia Rita Elias Pinheiro Bittencourt
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias da Universidade Federal Rural do, Rio de Janeiro, BR-465, Km 7 - Seropédica, RJ, 23897-000, Brazil.
| | - Caio Monteiro
- Departamento de Imunologia, Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74.690-900, Brazil.
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18
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Li H, Sun X, Liao X, Gänzle M. Control of pathogenic and spoilage bacteria in meat and meat products by high pressure: Challenges and future perspectives. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:3476-3500. [PMID: 33337070 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
High-pressure processing is among the most widely used nonthermal intervention to reduce pathogenic and spoilage bacteria in meat and meat products. However, resistance of pathogenic bacteria strains in meats at the current maximum commercial equipment of 600 MPa questions the ability of inactivation by its application in meats. Pathogens including Escherichia coli, Listeria, and Salmonelle, and spoilage microbiota including lactic acid bacteria dominate in raw meat, ready-to-eat, and packaged meat products. Improved understanding on the mechanisms of the pressure resistance is needed for optimizing the conditions of pressure treatment to effectively decontaminate harmful bacteria. Effective control of the pressure-resistant pathogens and spoilage organisms in meats can be realized by the combination of high pressure with application of mild temperature and/or other hurdles including antimicrobial agents and/or competitive microbiota. This review summarized applications, mechanisms, and challenges of high pressure on meats from the perspective of microbiology, which are important for improving the understanding and optimizing the conditions of pressure treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaojun Liao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Michael Gänzle
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Chen H, Zhao R, Hu J, Wei Z, McClements DJ, Liu S, Li B, Li Y. One-Step Dynamic Imine Chemistry for Preparation of Chitosan-Stabilized Emulsions Using a Natural Aldehyde: Acid Trigger Mechanism and Regulation and Gastric Delivery. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:5412-5425. [PMID: 32320613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b08301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is a polysaccharide widely used as a structuring agent in foods and other materials because of its positive charge (amino groups). At present, however, it is difficult to form and stabilize emulsions using chitosan due to its high hydrophilicity. In this study, oil-in-water emulsions were prepared using a one-pot green-chemistry method. The chitosan and aldehyde molecules were in situ interfacially conjugated during homogenization, which promoted the adsorption of chitosan onto the oil droplet surfaces where they created a protective coating. The universality of this method was verified by using chitosan with different molecular weights and four kinds of natural aldehydes [cinnamaldehyde (CA), citral (CT), citronella (CN), and vanillin (VL)]. Chitosan with higher molecular weight facilitated the formation of emulsions. By harnessing the dynamic covalent nature of imine bonds, chitosan emulsions with an imine link display dynamic behavior with acid-catalyzed hydrolysis. The aldehyde structure could control the pH point of trigger for breakdown of emulsions, which was 1.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 4.0 for CA emulsion, CT emulsion, CN emulsion, and VL emulsion, respectively. At pH 6.5, aldehyde helped to decrease the interfacial tension of chitosan to about 10 mN/m, while this value would increase if the pH decreased by adding acid during the measurement. Chemical kinetics studies indicated that the hydrophobicity and conjugation effect of the aldehyde together determined the trigger points and properties of the emulsion. Finally, we used the optimized emulsions to encapsulate and control the release of curcumin. The gastric release behavior of the curcumin depended on aldehyde structure: VL > CN > CT ≈ CA. Hence, a tailor-made trigger release emulsion system can be achieved by rational selection and design of aldehyde structure to control hydrophobicity and conjugation effect of aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanle Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Runan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zixiang Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Shilin Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
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20
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Stephan M, Panther J, Wilbert F, Ozog P, Müller TJJ. Heck Reactions of Acrolein or Enones and Aryl Bromides – Synthesis of 3‐Aryl Propenals or Propenones and Consecutive Application in Multicomponent Pyrazole Syntheses. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Stephan
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Jesco Panther
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Fabio Wilbert
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Pauline Ozog
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Thomas J. J. Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
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21
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Sieniawska E, Sawicki R, Golus J, Georgiev MI. Untargetted Metabolomic Exploration of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Stress Response to Cinnamon Essential Oil. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030357. [PMID: 32111061 PMCID: PMC7175327 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimycobacterial activity of cinnamaldehyde has already been proven for laboratory strains and for clinical isolates. What is more, cinnamaldehyde was shown to threaten the mycobacterial plasma membrane integrity and to activate the stress response system. Following promising applications of metabolomics in drug discovery and development we aimed to explore the mycobacteria response to cinnamaldehyde within cinnamon essential oil treatment by untargeted liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The use of predictive metabolite pathway analysis and description of produced lipids enabled the evaluation of the stress symptoms shown by bacteria. This study suggests that bacteria exposed to cinnamaldehyde could reorganize their outer membrane as a physical barrier against stress factors. They probably lowered cell wall permeability and inner membrane fluidity, and possibly redirected carbon flow to store energy in triacylglycerols. Being a reactive compound, cinnamaldehyde may also contribute to disturbances in bacteria redox homeostasis and detoxification mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elwira Sieniawska
- Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Rafał Sawicki
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (R.S.); (J.G.)
| | - Joanna Golus
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (R.S.); (J.G.)
| | - Milen I. Georgiev
- Group of Plant Cell Biotechnology and Metabolomics, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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23
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Lepoittevin JP, Lafforgue C. Molecular Aspects in Allergic and Irritant Contact Dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72451-5_4-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Kot B, Kwiatek K, Janiuk J, Witeska M, Pękala-Safińska A. Antibacterial Activity of Commercial Phytochemicals against Aeromonas Species Isolated from Fish. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8030142. [PMID: 31500367 PMCID: PMC6789499 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8030142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial activities of phytochemicals-trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC), ferulic acid (FA), p-coumaric acid (p-CA), caffeic acid (CA), chlorogenic acid (CHA), Thymus vulgaris essential oil (TO), Eugenia caryophyllus essential oil (ECO), and Melaleuca alternifolia oil (TTO) against Aeromonas species-were assessed. Growth of all Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida and almost all Aeromonas sobria strains was inhibited by TC at concentration 0.01 mg/mL, and for most Aeromonas hydrophila strains minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranged from 0.01 to 0.19 mg/mL. The inhibitory effect of TC against A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida was comparable to the effect of oxytetracycline, and in the case of A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida and A. sobria was higher compared to gentamicin. MIC of FA, p-CA, and CA for most strains ranged from 1.56 to 3.12 mg/mL, and MIC values of TO for most strains ranged from 0.39 to 0.78 mg/mL. TO and TC at the concentrations below ½ MIC values used in mixtures exhibited strong synergism. ECO and TC showed synergy in mixture of ⅛ MIC of ECO and ¼ MIC of TC. TC and TO exhibited the strongest inhibitory and bactericidal effect against investigated Aeromonas species, and they are a promising alternative to the use of antibiotics in controlling the growth of these fish pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kot
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 14 Bolesława Prusa Str., 08-110 Siedlce, Poland.
| | - Kinga Kwiatek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 14 Bolesława Prusa Str., 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Justyna Janiuk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 14 Bolesława Prusa Str., 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Witeska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 14 Bolesława Prusa Str., 08-110 Siedlce, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Pękala-Safińska
- Department of Fish Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 57 Partyzantów Ave., 24-100 Puławy, Poland.
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Etaee F, Komaki A, Faraji N, Rezvani-Kamran A, Komaki S, Hasanein P, Taheri M, Omidi G. The effects of cinnamaldehyde on acute or chronic stress-induced anxiety-related behavior and locomotion in male mice. Stress 2019; 22:358-365. [PMID: 30806129 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2019.1567710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety and stress are considered as universal psychiatric exhibitions of the present societies and lifestyles. Several experiments have been conducted to examine natural anxiolytic agents to find out an alternative to synthetic anxiolytic drugs. The present study investigated the anxiolytic effects of cinnamaldehyde (Cin) on mice behavior in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field (OF) tests. Sixty male Swiss mice, weighing 20-30 g, were divided into six groups including: acute stress + mazola oil; chronic stress + oil; acute stress + Cin (20 mg/kg); chronic stress + Cin; non-stress + oil; and non-stress + Cin groups. The groups were administered for seven days (once a day). The acute stress + Cin group showed a meaningful rise in the percentage of entries into the open arms compared to the acute stress + oil group (p <.05). The percentage of time spent in the open arms in the chronic stress + Cin group was significantly higher compared to the chronic stress + oil group (p < .01). The percentage of entries into the open arms increased significantly (p < .01) in the chronic stress + Cin group in comparison with the chronic stress + oil group. The Cin treated groups showed significant increases in the time spent in the center area and in the number of entries into the center area compared with the oil treated groups in OF test. The number of entries into the arms (total activity), as well as locomotor activity was not significant among groups. The results of the present study indicated that Cin, as a natural product, might have anxiolytic effects in mice behavior in the EPM and OF tests. Lay summary The results demonstrated that the administration of cinnamaldehyde (Cin) produced anxiolytic effects in mice. Natural antioxidant products have been reported effective for anxiety. Synthetic medications have notable adverse effects. Therefore, these natural substances with broad therapeutic applicability are able to reduce anxiety-related behavior with rare side effects. According to the results, Cin could decrease anxiety-related behavior in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Etaee
- a Neurophysiology Research Center , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
- b Rahe Sabz Addiction Rehabilitation Clinic , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- a Neurophysiology Research Center , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Nafiseh Faraji
- a Neurophysiology Research Center , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Arezoo Rezvani-Kamran
- a Neurophysiology Research Center , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Somayeh Komaki
- a Neurophysiology Research Center , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Parisa Hasanein
- c Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences , University of Zabol , Zabol , Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- d Department of Medical Genetics , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Omidi
- a Neurophysiology Research Center , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
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Ragavendran V, Muthunatesan S, Santhanam V, Arsic B. Synthesis and characterization of cinnamylidene acetone – A study on tuning of band gap by vibrational spectroscopic tools. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Zhang XL, Pan GF, Zhu XQ, Guo RL, Gao YR, Wang YQ. Dehydrogenative β-Arylation of Saturated Aldehydes Using Transient Directing Groups. Org Lett 2019; 21:2731-2735. [PMID: 30916984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented cross-dehydrogenative-coupling (CDC) reaction of saturated aldehyde β-C-H with arenes to form cinnamaldehydes via the cleavages of four C-H bonds has been developed. The reaction possesses complete E-stereoselectivity for the C═C double bond. The protocol is featured by atom and step economy, mild reaction conditions, and convenient operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , People's Republic of China
| | - Gao-Fei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Li Guo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ru Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , People's Republic of China
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28
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Xu TT, Jiang TS, Han XL, Xu YH, Qiao JP. Modular synthesis of (E)-cinnamaldehydes directly from allylarenes via a metal-free DDQ-mediated oxidative process. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:5350-5358. [PMID: 30004550 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01469h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of (E)-cinnamaldehydes by a metal-free DDQ-mediated oxidative transformation of allylarenes was developed. The protocol provides a practical method to prepare diverse (E)-cinnamaldehydes with broad functional group tolerance in good to excellent yields, including easy access to natural products randainal and geranyloxy sinapyl aldehyde from plant extracts. Finally, the mechanism of a single-electron transfer process was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Xu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
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Hossan MS, Jindal H, Maisha S, Samudi Raju C, Devi Sekaran S, Nissapatorn V, Kaharudin F, Su Yi L, Khoo TJ, Rahmatullah M, Wiart C. Antibacterial effects of 18 medicinal plants used by the Khyang tribe in Bangladesh. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:201-208. [PMID: 29529970 PMCID: PMC6130727 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1446030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is raising serious concern globally. Asian medicinal plants could improve the current treatment strategies for bacterial infections. The antibacterial properties of medicinal plants used by the Khyang tribe in Bangladesh have not been investigated. OBJECTIVE The present study examines the antibacterial properties of 18 medicinal plants used by the Khyang tribe in day-to-day practice against human pathogenic bacteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS Leaves, bark, fruits, seeds, roots and rhizomes from collected plants were successively extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol. The corresponding 54 extracts were tested against six human pathogenic bacteria by broth microdilution assay. The antibacterial mode of actions of phytoconstituents and their synergistic effect with vancomycin and cefotaxime towards MRSA was determined by time-killing assay and synergistic interaction assay, respectively. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Hexane extract of bark of Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J. Presl. (Lauraceae) inhibited the growth of MRSA, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii with MIC values below 100 µg/mL. From this plant, cinnamaldehyde evoked at 4 × MIC in 1 h an irreversible decrease of MRSA count Log10 (CFU/mL) from 6 to 0, and was synergistic with vancomycin for MRSA with fractional inhibitory concentration index of 0.3. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence that the medicinal plants in Bangladesh have high potential to improve the current treatment strategies for bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hassan Jindal
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sarah Maisha
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Shamala Devi Sekaran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Fatima Kaharudin
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Lim Su Yi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Teng Jin Khoo
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Rahmatullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Christophe Wiart
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Semenyih, Malaysia
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Influence of non-ionic emulsifier type on the stability of cinnamaldehyde nanoemulsions: A comparison of polysorbate 80 and hydrophobically modified inulin. Food Chem 2018; 258:237-244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Novel cinnamaldehyde-based aspirin derivatives for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2869-2874. [PMID: 30037494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Current treatments of CRC involve anti-cancer agents with relatively good efficacy but unselectively target both cancer and non-cancer cells. Thus, there is a need to discover and develop novel CRC therapeutics that have potent anti-cancer effects, but show reduced off-target cell effects. Here, a novel series of cinnamaldehyde-based aspirin derivatives were designed and synthesized. Biological evaluation indicated that the most active compound 1f exhibited more than 10-fold increase in the anti-proliferation efficacy in HCT-8 cells compared to the parent compounds. Its effects were similarly reproduced in another CRC cell line, DLD-1, but with 7- to 11-fold less inhibitory activity in non-tumorigenic colon cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that 1f induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, which was further validated with immunoblot analysis of the relative protein levels of cleaved caspase 3 and PARP as well as the ROS production in CRC cells. More so, 1f significantly inhibited the growth of implanted CRC in vivo in mouse xenograft model. Taken together, our results show that cinnamaldehyde-based aspirin derivatives such as 1f show promise as novel anti-CRC agent for further pharmaceutical development.
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Yoshioka E, Inoue M, Nagoshi Y, Kobayashi A, Mizobuchi R, Kawashima A, Kohtani S, Miyabe H. Oxidative Functionalization of Cinnamaldehyde Derivatives: Control of Chemoselectivity by Organophotocatalysis and Dual Organocatalysis. J Org Chem 2018; 83:8962-8970. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eito Yoshioka
- School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8530, Japan
| | - Maika Inoue
- School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8530, Japan
| | - Yuka Nagoshi
- School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8530, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kobayashi
- School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8530, Japan
| | - Rumiko Mizobuchi
- School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8530, Japan
| | - Akira Kawashima
- School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8530, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kohtani
- School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8530, Japan
| | - Hideto Miyabe
- School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8530, Japan
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Hagvall L, Niklasson IB, Luthman K, Karlberg AT. Can the epoxides of cinnamyl alcohol and cinnamal show new cases of contact allergy? Contact Dermatitis 2018; 78:399-405. [PMID: 29603274 DOI: 10.1111/cod.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cinnamyl alcohol is considered to be a prohapten and prehapten with cinnamal as the main metabolite. However, many individuals who are allergic to cinnamyl alcohol do not react to cinnamal. Sensitizing epoxides of cinnamyl alcohol and cinnamal have been identified as metabolites and autoxidation products of cinnamyl alcohol. OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical relevance of contact allergy to epoxycinnamyl alcohol and epoxycinnamal. METHODS Irritative effects of the epoxides were investigated in 12 dermatitis patients. Epoxycinnamyl alcohol and epoxycinnamal were patch tested in 393 and 390 consecutive patients, respectively. In parallel, cinnamyl alcohol and cinnamal were patch tested in 607 and 616 patients, respectively. RESULTS Both epoxides were irritants, but no more positive reactions were detected than when testing was performed with cinnamyl alcohol and cinnamal. Late allergic reactions to epoxycinnamyl alcohol were observed. In general, patients with late reactions showed doubtful or positive reactions to cinnamal and fragrance mix I at regular patch testing. CONCLUSION The investigated epoxides are not important haptens in contact allergy to cinnamon fragrance. The high frequency of fragrance allergy among patients included in the irritancy study showed the difficulty of suspecting fragrance allergy on the basis of history; patch testing broadly with fragrance compounds is therefore important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Hagvall
- Department of Occupational Dermatology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ida B Niklasson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Dermatochemistry and Skin Allergy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristina Luthman
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Therese Karlberg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Dermatochemistry and Skin Allergy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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35
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An approach to testing undiluted e-cigarette aerosol in vitro using 3D reconstituted human airway epithelium. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 54:391-401. [PMID: 29355593 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The data presented here show that to provide an estimate of the relative cytotoxicity and therefore potency of e-cigarettes, undiluted aerosol techniques can be used. With the emergence of electronic nicotine delivery systems, fit-for-purpose in vitro screening methods are required. Reconstituted 3D human airway epithelium, was exposed to undiluted aerosols at the air-liquid interface, using a Vitrocell VC 10. TEER, cilia beat frequency and cytotoxic responses were assessed. Using two smoking regimes (ISO and HCI) a 3R4F reference cigarette, produced IC50s of 5.2 and 2.1 min, 1458 ng/mL and 1640 ng/mL nicotine respectively. Using an open tank e-cigarette device, a full cytotoxicity dose-response curve was obtained giving an IC50 of 30 min with corresponding nicotine of 10,957 ng/mL, 6-14 times less cytotoxic than cigarette smoke. A commonly used e-liquid flavourant cinnamaldehyde and known skin sensitizer was added to the standard e-liquid formulation and used as an aerosolised positive control, at 0.1, 0.025, 0.01 and 0%, demonstrating a full dose response. The delivery of undiluted aerosols in vitro has resulted in increased method sensitivity, throughput and quantitative e-cigarette comparisons. A positive control aerosol generated from a 'safe' e-liquid benchmark can inform risk assessments on supportable levels of flavour ingredients.
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36
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Shi YQ, Pan XH, Lu YH, Cao P. Antibacterial effects of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) bark essential oil on Porphyromonas gingivalis. Microb Pathog 2018; 116:26-32. [PMID: 29325862 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effects of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) bark essential oil (CBEO) and its principal constituent cinnamaldehyde against Porphyromonas gingivalis and to elucidate the antibacterial mechanism. GC-MS analysis showed that cinnamaldehyde was the major constituent in CBEO (57.97%). The minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) of CBEO and cinnamaldehyde were 6.25 μg/mL and 2.5 μM for P. gingivalis, respectively. Nucleic acid and protein leakage was observed with increasing concentrations of CBEO and cinnamaldehyde. Additionally, propidium iodide uptake assays revealed CBEO and cinnamaldehyde at 1 × MIC impaired P. gingivalis membrane integrity by enhancing cell permeability. Morphological changes in P. gingivalis cells were observed by scanning electron microscopy, which indicated cell membrane destruction. To further determine the anti-biofilm effect, relative biofilm formation and established biofilms were examined, which demonstrated that both CBEO and cinnamaldehyde at sub-MIC levels inhibited P. gingivalis biofilm formation by 74.5% and 67.3% separately, but only CBEO slightly decreased established biofilms by 33.5% at 4 × MIC. These results suggest the potential of CBEO as a natural antimicrobial agent against periodontal disease. Furthermore, cinnamaldehyde was confirmed to be the antibacterial substance of CBEO with inhibitory action against P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yan-Qin Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Xian-Hua Pan
- Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Yan-Hua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ping Cao
- Shanghai Jahwa (Group) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200082, China.
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37
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Chen H, McClements DJ, Chen E, Liu S, Li B, Li Y. In Situ Interfacial Conjugation of Chitosan with Cinnamaldehyde during Homogenization Improves the Formation and Stability of Chitosan-Stabilized Emulsions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:14608-14617. [PMID: 29198120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The emulsifying properties of a natural cationic polysaccharide (chitosan) were improved by in situ conjugation with a natural essential oil (cinnamaldehyde, CA) during homogenization. In the absence of CA, chitosan-coated medium-chain triglyceride droplets were highly susceptible to creaming and coalescence at pH values ranging from 1 to 6.5. However, incorporation of relatively low levels of CA in the oil phase greatly improved the formation and stability of oil-in-water emulsions. These effects were attributed to two main factors: (i) covalent binding of lipophilic CA moieties to hydrophilic chitosan chains leading to conjugates with a good surface activity and (ii) interfacial cross-linking of adsorbed chitosan layers by CA leading to the formation of a rigid polymeric coating around the lipid droplets, which improved their stability against coalescence. The encapsulation technique developed in this study may be useful for applications in a range of commercial products; regulatory and flavor issues associated with chitosan and CA would have to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | | | - Shilin Liu
- Functional Food Engineering &Technology Research Center of Hubei Province , Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bin Li
- Functional Food Engineering &Technology Research Center of Hubei Province , Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yan Li
- Functional Food Engineering &Technology Research Center of Hubei Province , Wuhan 430070, China
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38
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Friedman M. Chemistry, Antimicrobial Mechanisms, and Antibiotic Activities of Cinnamaldehyde against Pathogenic Bacteria in Animal Feeds and Human Foods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:10406-10423. [PMID: 29155570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde is a major constituent of cinnamon essential oils produced by aromatic cinnamon plants. This compound has been reported to exhibit antimicrobial properties in vitro in laboratory media and in animal feeds and human foods contaminated with disease-causing bacteria including Bacillus cereus, Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica. This integrated review surveys and interprets our current knowledge of the chemistry, analysis, safety, mechanism of action, and antibiotic activities of cinnamaldehyde in food animal (cattle, lambs, calves, pigs, poultry) diets and in widely consumed liquid (apple, carrot, tomato, and watermelon juices, milk) and solid foods. Solid foods include various fruits (bayberries, blueberries, raspberries, and strawberries), vegetables (carrots, celery, lettuce, spinach, cucumbers, and tomatoes), meats (beef, ham, pork, and frankfurters), poultry (chickens and turkeys), seafood (oysters and shrimp), bread, cheese, eggs, infant formula, and peanut paste. The described findings are not only of fundamental interest but also have practical implications for food safety, nutrition, and animal and human health. The collated information and suggested research needs will hopefully facilitate and guide further studies needed to optimize the use of cinnamaldehyde alone and in combination with other natural antimicrobials and medicinal antibiotics to help prevent and treat food animal and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mendel Friedman
- Healthy Processed Foods Research, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , Albany, California 94710, United States
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39
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Cinnamaldehyde induces cell apoptosis mediated by a novel circular RNA hsa_circ_0043256 in non-small cell lung cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:1260-1266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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40
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Sun Q, Yang H, Tang P, Liu J, Wang W, Li H. Interactions of cinnamaldehyde and its metabolite cinnamic acid with human serum albumin and interference of other food additives. Food Chem 2017; 243:74-81. [PMID: 29146372 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Considering the adverse effect of food additives on humans, thorough research of their physiological effects at the molecular level is important. The interactions of cinnamaldehyde (CNMA), a food perfume, and its major metabolite cinnamic acid (CA) with human serum albumin (HSA) were examined by multiple-spectroscopies. NMR analysis revealed CNMA and CA both bound to HSA, and STD-NMR experiments established CNMA and CA primarily interacted with site I and site II of HSA, respectively. The ligands caused strong quenching of HSA fluorescence through a static quenching mechanism, with hydrophobic and electrostatic interaction between CNMA/CA and HSA, respectively. UV-vis absorption and CD results showed ligands induced secondary structure changes of HSA. Binding configurations were proved by docking method. Furthermore, binding constants of CNMA/CA-HSA systems were influenced by the addition of four other food additives. These studies have increased our knowledge regarding the safety and biological action of CNMA and CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaomei Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan Uiversity, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hongqin Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan Uiversity, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Peixiao Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan Uiversity, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Jiuyang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Wan Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan Uiversity, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan Uiversity, Chengdu 610065, China.
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41
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Autelitano A, Minassi A, Pagani A, Taglialatela-Scafati O, Appendino G. The reaction of cinnamaldehyde and cinnam(o)yl derivatives with thiols. Acta Pharm Sin B 2017; 7:523-526. [PMID: 28752040 PMCID: PMC5518654 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spurred by the alleged relevance of the thia-Michael reaction in the bioactivity of various classes of cinnam(o)yl natural products and by the development of a quick NMR assay to study this reaction, we have carried out a systematic study of the "native" reactivity of these compounds with dodecanethiol and cysteamine as models, respectively, of simple thiols and reactive protein thiols that can benefit from iminium ion catalysis in Michael reactions. Cinnamoyl esters and amides, as well as cinnamyl ketones and oximes, did not show any reactivity with the two probe thiols, while cinnamaldehyde (1a) reacted with cysteamine to afford a mixture of a thiazoline derivative and compounds of multiple addition, and with aliphatic thiols to give a single bis-dithioacetal (6). Chalchones and their vinylogous C5-curcuminoid derivatives were the only cinnamoyl derivatives that gave a thia-Michael reaction. From a mechanistic standpoint, loss of conjugation in the adduct might underlie the lack of a native Michael reactivity. This property is restored by the presence of another conjugating group on the carbonyl, as in chalcones and C5-curcuminoids. A critical mechanistic revision of the chemical and biomedical literature on cinnamaldehyde and related compounds seems therefore required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Autelitano
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Alberto Minassi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Alberto Pagani
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Montesano 49, Napoli 80131, Italy
- Corresponding author. Tel.:+39 081678509; fax: +39 081678552.
| | - Giovanni Appendino
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, Novara 28100, Italy
- Corresponding author. Tel.:+39 0321375744; fax: +39 0321375744.
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42
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Liang Q, Chai K, Lu K, Xu Z, Li G, Tong Z, Ji H. Theoretical and experimental studies on the separation of cinnamyl acetate and cinnamaldehyde by adsorption onto a β-cyclodextrin polyurethane polymer. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07813g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CAc and CA were separated using CDPU as adsorbent, and the mechanism was proposed through DFT calculations and experimental analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology
- Guangxi University
- Nanning 530004
- PR China
| | - Kungang Chai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology
- Guangxi University
- Nanning 530004
- PR China
| | - Ke Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology
- Guangxi University
- Nanning 530004
- PR China
| | - Zhijun Xu
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering
- Guangxi University
- Nanning 530004
- PR China
| | - Guoyu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology
- Guangxi University
- Nanning 530004
- PR China
| | - Zhangfa Tong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology
- Guangxi University
- Nanning 530004
- PR China
| | - Hongbing Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology
- Guangxi University
- Nanning 530004
- PR China
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43
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Ferro TAF, Araújo JMM, Dos Santos Pinto BL, Dos Santos JS, Souza EB, da Silva BLR, Colares VLP, Novais TMG, Filho CMB, Struve C, Calixto JB, Monteiro-Neto V, da Silva LCN, Fernandes ES. Cinnamaldehyde Inhibits Staphylococcus aureus Virulence Factors and Protects against Infection in a Galleria mellonella Model. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:2052. [PMID: 28066373 PMCID: PMC5174152 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to the available marketed drugs has prompted the search of novel therapies; especially in regards of anti-virulence strategies that aim to make bacteria less pathogenic and/or decrease their probability to become resistant to therapy. Cinnamaldehyde is widely known for its antibacterial properties through mechanisms that include the interaction of this compound with bacterial cell walls. However, only a handful of studies have addressed its effects on bacterial virulence, especially when tested at sub-inhibitory concentrations. Herein, we show for the first time that cinnamaldehyde is bactericidal against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis multidrug resistant strains and does not promote bacterial tolerance. Cinnamaldehyde actions were stronger on S. aureus as it was able to inhibit its hemolytic activity on human erythrocytes and reduce its adherence to latex. Furthermore, cinnamaldehyde enhanced the serum-dependent lysis of S. aureus. In vivo testing of cinnamaldehyde in Galleria mellonella larvae infected with S. aureus, showed this compound improves larvae survival whilst diminishing bacterial load in their hemolymph. We suggest that cinnamaldehyde may represent an alternative therapy to control S. aureus-induced bacterial infections as it presents the ability to reduce bacterial virulence/survival without promoting an adaptive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eliene B Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade CEUMA São Luís, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - João B Calixto
- Centro de Inovação e Estudos Pré-clínicos Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Valério Monteiro-Neto
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade CEUMASão Luís, Brazil; Universidade Federal do MaranhãoSão Luís, Brazil
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Chen H, Hu X, Chen E, Wu S, McClements DJ, Liu S, Li B, Li Y. Preparation, characterization, and properties of chitosan films with cinnamaldehyde nanoemulsions. Food Hydrocoll 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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45
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Effect of hydrostatic pressure and antimicrobials on survival of Listeria monocytogenes and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli in beef. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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46
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Lauw SJ, Zhong C, Webster RD. Studies on the electrochemical reduction and coupled homogeneous reactions of cinnamaldehyde in acetonitrile. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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47
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Moss E, Debeuckelaere C, Berl V, Elbayed K, Moussallieh FM, Namer IJ, Lepoittevin JP. In Situ Metabolism of Cinnamyl Alcohol in Reconstructed Human Epidermis: New Insights into the Activation of This Fragrance Skin Sensitizer. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:1172-8. [PMID: 27281158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemical modification of epidermal proteins by skin sensitizers is the molecular event which initiates the induction of contact allergy. However, not all chemical skin allergens react directly as haptens with epidermal proteins but need either a chemical (prehaptens) or metabolic (prohaptens) activation step to become reactive. Cinnamyl alcohol has been considered a model prohapten, as this skin sensitizer has no intrinsic reactivity. Therefore, the prevailing theory is that cinnamyl alcohol is enzymatically oxidized into the protein-reactive cinnamaldehyde, which is the sensitizing agent. Knowing that reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) models have been demonstrated to be quite similar to the normal human epidermis in terms of metabolic enzymes, use of RHE may be useful to investigate the in situ metabolism/activation of cinnamyl alcohol, particularly when coupled with high-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. Incubation of carbon-13 substituted cinnamyl derivatives with RHE did not result in the formation of cinnamaldehyde. The metabolites formed suggest the formation of an epoxy-alcohol and an allylic sulfate as potential electrophiles. These data suggest that cinnamyl alcohol is inducing skin sensitization through a route independent of the one involving cinnamaldehyde and should therefore be considered as a skin sensitizer on its own.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Moss
- Institute of Chemistry, CNRS UMR 7177 and University of Strasbourg , 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Camille Debeuckelaere
- Institute of Chemistry, CNRS UMR 7177 and University of Strasbourg , 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Berl
- Institute of Chemistry, CNRS UMR 7177 and University of Strasbourg , 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Karim Elbayed
- Institute of Chemistry, CNRS UMR 7177 and University of Strasbourg , 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France.,Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), CNRS UMR 7357 and University of Strasbourg , 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - François-Marie Moussallieh
- Institute of Chemistry, CNRS UMR 7177 and University of Strasbourg , 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France.,Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), CNRS UMR 7357 and University of Strasbourg , 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Izzie-Jacques Namer
- Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), CNRS UMR 7357 and University of Strasbourg , 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - J-P Lepoittevin
- Institute of Chemistry, CNRS UMR 7177 and University of Strasbourg , 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France
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48
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Kim D, Lee MH, Kim SK. Involvement of TRPA1 in the cinnamaldehyde-induced pulpal blood flow change in the feline dental pulp. Restor Dent Endod 2016; 41:202-9. [PMID: 27508162 PMCID: PMC4977351 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2016.41.3.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the involvement of TRPA1 in the cinnamaldehyde-induced pulpal blood flow (PBF) change in the feline dental pulp. Materials and Methods Mandibles of eight cats were immobilized and PBF was monitored with a laser Doppler flowmetry at the mandibular canine tooth. To evaluate the effect of cinnamaldehyde on PBF, cinnamaldehyde was injected into the pulp through the lingual artery at a constant rate for 60 seconds. As a control, a mixture of 70% ethanol and 30% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, vehicle) was used. To evaluate the involvement of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) in PBF change, AP18, a specific TRPA1 antagonist, was applied into the pulp through the Class V dentinal cavity followed by cinnamaldehyde-administration 3 minutes later. The paired variables of experimental data were statistically analyzed using paired t-test. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results Administration of cinnamaldehyde (0.5 mg/kg, intra-arterial [i.a.]) induced significant increases in PBF (p < 0.05). While administration of a TRPA1 antagonist, AP18 (2.5 - 3.0 mM, into the dentinal cavity [i.c.]) caused insignificant change of PBF (p > 0.05), administration of cinnamaldehyde (0.5 mg/kg, i.a.) following the application of AP18 (2.5 - 3.0 mM, i.c.) resulted in an attenuation of PBF increase from the control level (p < 0.05). As a result, a TRPA1 antagonist, AP18 effectively inhibited the vasodilative effect of cinnamaldehyde (p < 0.05). Conclusions The result of the present study provided a functional evidence that TRPA1 is involved in the mechanism of cinnamaldehyde-induced vasodilation in the feline dental pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dokyung Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Kyungpook National University School of Dentistry, Daegu, Korea
| | - Moon-Hwan Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Kyungpook National University School of Dentistry, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sung Kyo Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Kyungpook National University School of Dentistry, Daegu, Korea
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49
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Wu G, Brett GL, Cao E, Constantinou A, Ellis P, Kuhn S, Hutchings GJ, Bethell D, Gavriilidis A. Oxidation of cinnamyl alcohol using bimetallic Au–Pd/TiO2 catalysts: a deactivation study in a continuous flow packed bed microreactor. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy00232c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Deactivation of Au–Pd/TiO2 catalyst during oxidation in flow is attributed to Pd leaching and a complex effect of oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaowei Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University College London
- London WC1E 7JE
- UK
| | | | - Enhong Cao
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University College London
- London WC1E 7JE
- UK
| | | | - Peter Ellis
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre
- Reading RG4 9NH
- UK
| | - Simon Kuhn
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | | | - Donald Bethell
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool L69 7ZD
- UK
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50
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Kiwamoto R, Ploeg D, Rietjens IMCM, Punt A. Dose-dependent DNA adduct formation by cinnamaldehyde and other food-borne α,β-unsaturated aldehydes predicted by physiologically based in silico modelling. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 31:114-25. [PMID: 26612355 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Genotoxicity of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes shown in vitro raises a concern for the use of the aldehydes as food flavourings, while at low dose exposures the formation of DNA adducts may be prevented by detoxification. Unlike many α,β-unsaturated aldehydes for which in vivo data are absent, cinnamaldehyde was shown to be not genotoxic or carcinogenic in vivo. The present study aimed at comparing dose-dependent DNA adduct formation by cinnamaldehyde and 18 acyclic food-borne α,β-unsaturated aldehydes using physiologically based kinetic/dynamic (PBK/D) modelling. In rats, cinnamaldehyde was predicted to induce higher DNA adducts levels than 6 out of the 18 α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, indicating that these 6 aldehydes may also test negative in vivo. At the highest cinnamaldehyde dose that tested negative in vivo, cinnamaldehyde was predicted to form at least three orders of magnitude higher levels of DNA adducts than the 18 aldehydes at their respective estimated daily intake. These results suggest that for all the 18 α,β-unsaturated aldehydes DNA adduct formation at doses relevant for human dietary exposure may not raise a concern. The present study illustrates a possible use of physiologically based in silico modelling to facilitate a science-based comparison and read-across on the possible risks posed by DNA reactive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kiwamoto
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Tuinlaan 5, 6703 HE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - D Ploeg
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Tuinlaan 5, 6703 HE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - I M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Tuinlaan 5, 6703 HE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - A Punt
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Tuinlaan 5, 6703 HE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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