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Su R, Liang Y, Chen H, Sheoran N, Ke W, Bai J, Jia M, Zhu J, Li Q, Liu Q, Chen X, Guo X. Investigating the efficacy of an exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L75 on oat silage fermentation at different temperatures. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14454. [PMID: 38568756 PMCID: PMC10990043 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effectiveness of an exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing strain (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L75) alone or in combination with Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the fermentation characteristics, antioxidant capacities and microbial community successions of oat silage stored at various temperatures. A rapid decrease in pH and lactic acid accumulation was observed in silages treated with L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae (LS) as early as 3 days of ensiling (p < 0.05). Over the ensiling period of 7-60 days, L. plantarum (L)-inoculated groups showed the lowest pH, lowest ammonia nitrogen and the highest amount of lactic acid regardless of the storage temperatures. When the oat silage was stored at 15°C, LS-inoculated group exhibited a higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity than control and L-inoculated group. Furthermore, the proportion of Lactiplantibacillus in the combined inoculation group increased by 65.42% compared to the L-inoculated group (33.26%). Fungal community data revealed abundant Penicillium carneum in the control and L-inoculated groups stored at 15°C. Conclusively, these results showed that combined inoculation of L. plantarum L75 and S. cerevisiae improved the fermentation quality of oat silage at 15°C, thus proposing a technique for enhancing the fermentation quality of silage in regions with low temperatures during harvest season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Su
- School of Life Sciences, Probiotics and Life Health InstituteLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Ying Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Probiotics and Life Health InstituteLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Hu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Probiotics and Life Health InstituteLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Neha Sheoran
- School of Life Sciences, Probiotics and Life Health InstituteLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Wencan Ke
- Department of Animal ScienceNingxia UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Jie Bai
- College of Grassland ScienceGansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Mengya Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Probiotics and Life Health InstituteLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Jie Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Probiotics and Life Health InstituteLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Probiotics and Life Health InstituteLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Probiotics and Life Health InstituteLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Anding DistrictDingxiChina
| | - Xusheng Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Probiotics and Life Health InstituteLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
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Guo F, Yang Y, Duan Y, Li C, Gao H, Liu H, Cui Q, Guo Z, Liu X, Wang Z. Quality Marker Discovery and Quality Evaluation of Eucommia ulmoides Pollen Using UPLC-QTOF-MS Combined with a DPPH-HPLC Antioxidant Activity Screening Method. Molecules 2023; 28:5288. [PMID: 37446949 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pollen, as an important component of Eucommia ulmoides (EUP), is rich in nutrients and is receiving increasing attention. At present, there are no reports on research related to the chemical composition and quality standards of EUP, and there are significant quality differences and counterfeit phenomena in the market. This study used a UPLC-QTOF-MS system to identify 49 chemical components in EUP for the first time. In the second step, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-HPLC antioxidant activity screening technology was used to identify the main active components of EUP, quercetin-3-O-sophoroside (QSH), quercetin-3-O-sambubioside (QSB), and quercetin 3-O-neohesperidoside (QNH), and their purification, preparation, and structure identification were carried out. Third, molecular docking was used to predict the activity of these components. Fourth, the intracellular ROS generation model of RAW264.7 induced by H2O2 was used to verify and evaluate the activity of candidate active ingredients to determine their feasibility as Q-markers. Finally, a quality control method for EUP was constructed using the three selected components as Q-markers. The identification of chemical components and the discovery, prediction, and confirmation of characteristic Q-markers in EUP provide important references for better research on EUP and the effective evaluation and control of its quality. This approach provides a new model for the quality control of novel foods or dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqian Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yichun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yu Duan
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chun Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Huimin Gao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qiping Cui
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zhongyuan Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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Matsumura Y, Kitabatake M, Kayano SI, Ito T. Dietary Phenolic Compounds: Their Health Benefits and Association with the Gut Microbiota. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040880. [PMID: 37107256 PMCID: PMC10135282 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress causes various diseases, such as type II diabetes and dyslipidemia, while antioxidants in foods may prevent a number of diseases and delay aging by exerting their effects in vivo. Phenolic compounds are phytochemicals such as flavonoids which consist of flavonols, flavones, flavanonols, flavanones, anthocyanidins, isoflavones, lignans, stilbenoids, curcuminoids, phenolic acids, and tannins. They have phenolic hydroxyl groups in their molecular structures. These compounds are present in most plants, are abundant in nature, and contribute to the bitterness and color of various foods. Dietary phenolic compounds, such as quercetin in onions and sesamin in sesame, exhibit antioxidant activity and help prevent cell aging and diseases. In addition, other kinds of compounds, such as tannins, have larger molecular weights, and many unexplained aspects still exist. The antioxidant activities of phenolic compounds may be beneficial for human health. On the other hand, metabolism by intestinal bacteria changes the structures of these compounds with antioxidant properties, and the resulting metabolites exert their effects in vivo. In recent years, it has become possible to analyze the composition of the intestinal microbiota. The augmentation of the intestinal microbiota by the intake of phenolic compounds has been implicated in disease prevention and symptom recovery. Furthermore, the “brain–gut axis”, which is a communication system between the gut microbiome and brain, is attracting increasing attention, and research has revealed that the gut microbiota and dietary phenolic compounds affect brain homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the usefulness of dietary phenolic compounds with antioxidant activities against some diseases, their biotransformation by the gut microbiota, the augmentation of the intestinal microflora, and their effects on the brain–gut axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Matsumura
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kio University, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kitabatake
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Kayano
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kio University, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
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Yang L, Chen X, Chen D, Yu B, He J, Luo Y, Zheng P, Chen H, Yan H, Huang Z. Effects of protocatechuic acid on antioxidant capacity, mitochondrial biogenesis and skeletal muscle fiber transformation. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 116:109327. [PMID: 36958419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
In skeletal muscle, the increased proportion of type I muscle fibers has the potential to improve muscle atrophy and prevent human metabolic diseases. Protocatechuic acid (PCA), as a kind of anthocyanin metabolite, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory physiological activities. The purpose of this experiment was to use mice and C2C12 myotubes to examine if PCA can induce the transformation of muscle fiber and the mechanisms involved. We found that PCA significantly increased the expression of slow myosin heavy chain (MyHC), and markedly decreased the expression of fast MyHC in gastrocnemius muscle of mice and C2C12 myotubes. In addition, PCA also enhanced the antioxidant capacity and promoted mitochondrial biogenesis in mice. Importantly, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway was activated and AMPK inhibitor compound C attenuated the positive effect of PCA on myofiber conversion. To sum up, we revealed that PCA was able to promote the conversion of skeletal muscle fiber from type II to type I through the AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, 625014, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China.
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Wang Z, Yao W, Sun Y, Han Y, Chen X, Gong P, Zhai P, Pei S, Xie J, Ba Q, Wang H. Eucommia Bark/Leaf Extract Improves Lipid Metabolism Disorders by Affecting Intestinal Microbiota and Microbiome-Host Interaction in HFD Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3297-3314. [PMID: 36753681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Eucommia bark contains many bioactive compounds and has anti-hyperlipidemic effects. However, due to the slow growth rate of the plant, there is a limited supply of this resource. Studies have demonstrated that Eucommia leaves contain active ingredients similar to those of Eucommia bark and also have anti-hyperlipidemic effects. It is not currently clear whether Eucommia leaf can be used as a substitute for Eucommia bark. Furthermore, their mechanism of action for anti-hyperlipidemia by improving the structure of the gut microbiota is also unclear. We aimed to determine the composition of the active ingredients in EBE and ELE by HPLC, establish an HFD-induced hyperlipidemia model, and combine fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments to investigate the mechanism of EBE/ELE anti-hyperlipidemia by modifying the structure of intestinal microbiota, as well as to compare the effects of EBE and ELE. Our results showed that EBE and ELE contained similar active ingredients and significantly alleviated lipid metabolism disorders and blood glucose levels in the HFD-induced hyperlipidemia model. In this study, EBE and ELE significantly reduced the relative abundance of Desulfovibrionaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae and significantly increased the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae. They also promoted the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and activated the gene expression of the SCFA receptors G protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41) and GPR43. In addition, EBE and ELE can significantly increase the expression of the fasting-induced adipose factor (Fiaf) gene in the colon and inhibit the secretion of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in the liver, thereby inhibiting triglyceride (TG) synthesis. They also significantly activate the expression of GPR41 and GPR43 genes in the epididymal fat tissue, leading to reduced lipid accumulation in adipocytes. These effects on the target genes were associated with changes in the abundance of Desulfovibrionaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Ruminococcaceae bacteria in the intestinal microbiota. Thus, regulating the relative abundance of these microbes may serve as prospective targets for EBE/ELE to influence the Fiaf-LPL gut-liver axis and the SCFAs-GPR41/GPR43 gut-fat axis. In addition, there was no significant difference in the anti-hyperlipidemic effects of ELE and EBE, suggesting that Eucommia leaf may be a suitable alternative to Eucommia bark for managing hyperlipidemia by regulating the structure of the intestinal microbiota. These findings suggest that Eucommia leaves have great potential for development as a functional food with lipid-lowering properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhineng Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Wenbo Yao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Ying Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yewen Han
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Pin Gong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Pengtao Zhai
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Shuya Pei
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jianwu Xie
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Qian Ba
- Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Laboratory Center, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Liu H, Huang Y, Huang X, Li M, Chen D, Geng Y, Ouyang P, Yang T, Dai J, Yang S, Luo W. Eucommia ulmoides Oliver enhances the antioxidant capacity and protects Micropterus salmoides from liver damage and immune function impairment caused by a high starch diet. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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7
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Wang Z, Sun Y, Han Y, Chen X, Gong P, Zhai P, Yao W, Ba Q, Wang H. Eucommia bark/leaf extract improves HFD-induced lipid metabolism disorders via targeting gut microbiota to activate the Fiaf-LPL gut-liver axis and SCFAs-GPR43 gut-fat axis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 110:154652. [PMID: 36638713 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bark of Eucommia ulmoides (a perennial deciduous tree termed eucommia hereafter) has anti-hyperlipidemia effects due to its bioactive components. However, the slow growth of eucommia bark leads to a deficit in this resource. Studies have shown that eucommia leaf has bioactive components similar to those of eucommia bark and anti-hyperlipidemia effects. At present, the strength of the anti-hyperlipidemia effect of eucommia bark and eucommia leaf has not been reported. Their interaction with the gut microbiota and the mechanism by which the gut microbiota exerts anti-hyperlipidemia effects are unclear. PURPOSES Through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments, this study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which fecal bacteria suspensions containing chlorogenic acid (CGA), eucommia bark extract (EBE), and eucommia leaves extract (ELE) improve high-fat diet (HFD)-induced lipid metabolism disorders. Difference in anti-hyperlipidemia effects between EBE and ELE and exploring an eucommia bark substitute to improve the sustainable utilization of eucommia were also evaluated. RESULTS EBE and ELE contain eight identical bioactive ingredients, and fecal bacteria suspensions containing EBE and ELE significantly improved HFD-induced lipid metabolism disorders and elevated blood glucose levels. The fecal bacteria suspension of healthy mice containing CGA, EBE, and ELE significantly reduced the relative abundance of Erysipelothrichaceae and Ruminococcaceae and promoted short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production thereby activating the expression of the SCFA. G protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) gene in colon and epididymal fat tissues. In addition, fecal bacteria suspensions of healthy mice containing CGA, EBE, or ELE significantly activated fasting-induced adipose factor (Fiaf) gene expression in colon tissue and inhibited the secretion of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in liver tissue, thereby inhibiting the synthesis of triglycerides (TG). Changed in the Erysipelotrichaceae and Ruminococcaceae relative abundances were significantly correlated with these target genes. Thus, regulating the abundance of the Erysipelotrichaceae and Ruminococcaceae could serve as a potential target for the role of fecal bacteria suspensions of healthy mice containing CGA, EBE, or ELE in the Fiaf-LPL gut-liver axis and SCFAs-GPR43 gut-fat axis. In addition, regarding HFD-induced lipid metabolism disorders and gut microbiota structural disorders, we found no significant difference between ELE and EBE. CONCLUSIONS Our FMT experiments evidenced that EBE and ELE improve lipid metabolism disorders by regulating the gut microbiota, providing a new pathway for treating hyperlipidemia using eucommia dietary therapy. There was no significant difference in the anti-hyperlipidemia effects of ELE and EBE; thus, eucommia leaf could replace eucommia bark in traditional Chinese medicine, so as to achieve a sustainable utilization of eucommia resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhineng Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Yin Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Yewen Han
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Pin Gong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengtao Zhai
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenbo Yao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China.
| | - Qian Ba
- Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Experimental Center, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Feng Y, Dai G, Han X, Li M, Zhao D, Wu J, Wu Y, Wen Z. Feeding Laying Ducks Eucommia ulmoides oliv. Leaves Increases the n-3 Fatty Acids Content and Decreases the n-6: n-3 PUFA Ratio in Egg Yolk without Affecting Laying Performance or Egg Quality. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020287. [PMID: 36673379 PMCID: PMC9857631 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective was to determine the effects of supplementing duck diets with Eucommia ulmoides oliv. leaf powder (EUL). Laying ducks (n = 480) were randomly allocated into 4 experimental treatments and fed diets containing 0, 1, 2, or 4% EUL. Dietary inclusion of EUL had no effect (p > 0.05) on laying performance or egg quality, but linearly increased (p < 0.05) total plasma protein, globulin, and HDL-C concentrations with concurrent reductions (p < 0.05) in plasma concentrations of cholesterol and LDL-C. Eggs laid by ducks receiving EUL had yolks with linearly higher phenolic concentrations (p < 0.05) but lower cholesterol concentrations (p < 0.05). EUL supplementation in duck diets significantly reduced n-6: n-3 PUFA ratio by enriching n-3 fatty acids in yolks (p < 0.05) with no changes in n-6 PUFA (p >0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Feng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550005, China
| | - Guotao Dai
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550005, China
| | - Xue Han
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550005, China
| | - Meijuan Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550005, China
| | - Degang Zhao
- Plant Conservation Technology Center, Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
- Correspondence: (D.Z.); (Z.W.); Tel.: +86-138-8501-2693 (D.Z.); +86-10-8210-6065 (Z.W.)
| | - Jiahai Wu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550005, China
| | - Yongbao Wu
- Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhiguo Wen
- Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (D.Z.); (Z.W.); Tel.: +86-138-8501-2693 (D.Z.); +86-10-8210-6065 (Z.W.)
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Kim MJ, Kang JY, Kim JM, Moon JH, Lee HL, Jeong HR, Go MJ, Lee U, Heo HJ. Effect of Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Eucommia ulmoides Leaves on PM 2.5-Induced Inflammation and Cognitive Dysfunction. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7157444. [PMID: 35607702 PMCID: PMC9124148 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7157444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of the ethyl acetate from Eucommia ulmoides leaves (EFEL) on PM2.5-induced cognitive impairment in BALB/c mice. EFEL improved PM2.5-induced cognitive decline by improving spontaneous alternative behavioral and long-term memory ability. EFEL increased ferric reducing activity power (FRAP) in serum. In addition, EFEL increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) contents and inhibited the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) in lung and brain tissues. EFEL also restored the mitochondrial function by regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) level, and ATP level in lung and brain tissues. EFEL ameliorated the cholinergic system by regulating the acetylcholine (ACh) content and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the brain tissue and the expression of AChE and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the whole brain and hippocampal tissues. EFEL reduced PM2.5-induced excessive expression of inflammatory protein related to the lung, whole brain, olfactory bulb, and hippocampus. Physiological compounds of EFEL were identified as 5-O-caffeolyquinic acid, rutin, quercetin, and quercetin glycosides. As a result, EFEL has anti-inflammation and anti-amnesic effect on PM2.5-induced cognitive impairment by regulating the inflammation and inhibiting the lung and brain tissue dysfunction, and its effect is considered to be due to the physiological compounds of EFEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yong Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- World Institute of Kimchi an Annex of Korea Food Research Institute, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Moon
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Lim Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Rin Jeong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Go
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Uk Lee
- Division of Special Forest Products, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin Heo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Zhang FL, Hao Q, Zhang QS, Lv HY, Yang YL, Zhang Z, Zhou ZG. Influences of dietary Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract on the hepatic lipid metabolism, inflammation response, intestinal antioxidant capacity, intestinal microbiota, and disease resistance of the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 123:75-84. [PMID: 35240294 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract (ELE) on the common occurrence of liver steatosis, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, disturbance of gut microbiota, and disease susceptibility in high-fat diet-fed channel catfish. Channel catfish fed three diets, including a high-fat diet (11% crude fat) and ELE-supplemented diets containing 1‰ or 2‰ ELE for 4 weeks. The results showed the contents of liver triacylglycerol of 1‰ and 2‰ ELE groups were reduced, and ELE treatments decreased the expression of lipogenesis related genes (srebp-1c, pparγ, and acc-1), and increased the expression of lipolysis related genes (pparα). In addition, the supplementation of ELE improved the inflammatory response of the liver and intestine. ELE could improve the destruction of intestinal morphology structure and increase the expression level of hif-1a and tight junction proteins (Occludin, Claudin2, Claudin15). 2‰ ELE significantly enhanced the antioxidant capacity of intestine by increasing the activity of SOD enzyme. Moreover, the supplement of ELE significantly increased the abundance of Cetobacterium and Romboutsia (p < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the expression of immune factor nf-κb had a significant decrease, and il-1β showed a tendency to decrease in the ELE supplement groups after pathogenic bacteria challenge. In conclusion, the ELE alleviated fatty liver disease and inflammation response, improved the oxidative capacity and physiological structure of intestine, and improved the structure of intestinal microbiota and disease resistance in HFD-fed channel catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Li Zhang
- Sino-Norway Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota Joint Lab, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiang Hao
- Sino-Norway Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota Joint Lab, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qing-Shuang Zhang
- Sino-Norway Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota Joint Lab, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hui-Yuan Lv
- Beijing CENTRE Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ya-Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhou
- Sino-Norway Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota Joint Lab, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Potential Role of Protocatechuic Acid as Natural Feed Additives in Farm Animal Production. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12060741. [PMID: 35327138 PMCID: PMC8944766 DOI: 10.3390/ani12060741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a phenolic-rich compound that exists in natural plants. Many in vitro studies have reported its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial properties. Although the health-promoting effects of PCA have been established in human medicine, the applications of PCA as natural feed additives on farm animal production still need to be re-investigated. Therefore, the aim of the review study was to gather research information on PCA to better our understanding of the practical uses of those natural antioxidant-rich feed additives in animal fodder. Abstract Restriction on using antibiotics in animal feed that generates demand for antibiotics alternatives in animal breeding. Providing safe food to humans free from the residual effects of antibiotics is a great challenge to animal producers and food-producing industry owners. Medicinal plants and their extracts as feed supplements have been used to promote the growth and health of farm animals for centuries. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a phenolic compound that originated from natural plants. For years, the health-promoting role of PCA has been becoming an attraction of research in nutrition and pharmacy. Thus, it can be used as an active natural feed additive while synthetic antibiotics are illegal to use in animal breeding. However, the practical application of PCA in view of dosages in animal nutrition, together with its mode of action on animal health, is not well known. In this regard, this review study has explored the mode of action of PCA and the feasibility of using those compounds in animal nutrition. This review study concludes that phenolic-rich protocatechuic acid as a natural feed additive may be useful in enhancing antioxidant status, immune function, antimicrobial, intestinal health and growth performance of farm animals.
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12
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Stephen Robert J, Peddha MS, Srivastava AK. Effect of Silymarin and Quercetin in a Miniaturized Scaffold in Wistar Rats against Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:20735-20745. [PMID: 34423182 PMCID: PMC8374897 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Silymarin and quercetin (SQ) are known antioxidants with substantial free radical scavenging activities. The efficacy of SQ activity is restricted due to poor absorption and availability. This study aims to increase the hepatoprotective activity of SQ by a newer delivery technique. We have optimized a technique, miniaturized scaffold (MS), for the delivery of active compounds of SQ. SQ molecules were embedded in MS and characterized by morphology, particle size, miniaturization efficiency, and functional group. Further, the hepatoprotective effects of MSQ were investigated through in vitro and in vivo methods. Hepatotoxicity was induced in rats by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), and subsequently, hepatotoxic rats were treated with the miniaturized scaffold of SQ (MSQ) for 8 weeks. The body weight were significantly high in groups fed with MSQ. A substantial decrease in triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase activities were observed in rats treated with MSQ. Similarly, rats treated with MSQ exhibited lower lipid accumulation in the hepatocytes. The experiments clearly demonstrated the efficacy of MSQ as a superior hepatoprotective agent against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease simulated through toxicity induced by CCl4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaisheela
Marry Stephen Robert
- Department
of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 020, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Muthukumar Serva Peddha
- Department
of Biochemistry, CSIR- Central Food Technological
Research Institute, Mysuru, 570 020 Karnataka, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Alok Kumar Srivastava
- Department
of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 020, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- .
Phone: 91-821-2514972. Fax: 91-821-2517233
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13
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Huang L, Lyu Q, Zheng W, Yang Q, Cao G. Traditional application and modern pharmacological research of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Chin Med 2021; 16:73. [PMID: 34362420 PMCID: PMC8349065 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00482-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As a Traditional Chinese Medicine, Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. has been used for the treatment of various diseases since ancient times, involving lumbar pain, knee pain, osteoporosis, hepatoprotection, paralysis, intestinal haemorrhoids, vaginal bleeding, abortion, spermatorrhoea, foot fungus, anti-aging etc. With the developing discovery of E. ulmoides extracts and its active components in various pharmacological activities, E. ulmoides has gained more and more attention. Up to now, E. ulmoides has been revealed to show remarkable therapeutic effects on hypertension, hyperglycemia, diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, sexual dysfunction. E. ulmoides has also been reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-fatigue, anti-aging, anti-cancer and immunoregulation activities etc. Along these lines, this review summarizes the traditional application and modern pharmacological research of E. ulmoides, providing novel insights of E. ulmoides in the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichuang Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Qiang Lyu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Wanying Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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14
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Gao Y, Tian R, Liu H, Xue H, Zhang R, Han S, Ji L, Huang W, Zhan J, You Y. Research progress on intervention effect and mechanism of protocatechuic acid on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:9053-9075. [PMID: 34142875 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1939265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a surge burden worldwide due to its high prevalence, with complicated deterioration symptoms such as liver fibrosis and cancer. No effective drugs are available for NALFD so far. The rapid growth of clinical demand has prompted the treatment of NAFLD to become a research hotspot. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a natural secondary metabolite commonly found in fruits, vegetables, grains, and herbal medicine. It is also the major internal metabolites of anthocyanins and other polyphenols. In the present manuscript, food sources, metabolic absorption, and efficacy of PCA were summarized while analyzing its role in improving NAFLD, as well as the mechanism involved. The results indicated that PCA could ameliorate NAFLD by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation, gut microbiota and metabolites. It was proposed for the first time that PCA might reduce NAFLD by enhancing the energy consumption of brown adipose tissue (BAT). However, the PCA administration mode and dose for NAFLD remain inconclusive. Fresh insights into the specific molecular mechanisms are required, while clinical trials are essential in the future. This review provides new targets and reasoning for the clinical application of PCA in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiao Gao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongrong Tian
- Department of Biomedicine, Beijing City University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyue Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Xue
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruizhe Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Suping Han
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Ji
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Huang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jicheng Zhan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin You
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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15
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Lai LL, Lu HQ, Li WN, Huang HP, Zhou HY, Leng EN, Zhang YY. Protective effects of quercetin and crocin in the kidneys and liver of obese Sprague-Dawley rats with Type 2 diabetes: Effects of quercetin and crocin on T2DM rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:661-672. [PMID: 33021114 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120954521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin and crocin are the main active constituents of Eucommia and Gardenia species, respectively. This study was conducted to explore the effects of quercetin and crocin on fat reduction and renal fibrosis and the relationship of these compounds with autophagy. First, a model of high-fat diet- and streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes was established and then subjected model animals to 8 weeks of metformin, quercetin and crocin gavage. Then, a high glucose-induced rat mesangial cells (RMCs) model was established, and these cells were cocultured with quercetin and crocin. The results showed that quercetin and crocin can decrease fasting blood glucose levels, reduce fat accumulation in the liver, alleviate renal fibrosis, and reduce blood lipid levels. Quercetin and crocin increased autophagy-related protein (LC3, Atg5, Beclin-1 and p-AMPK) levels in the liver and decreased autophagy-related protein (LC3, Atg5, Beclin-1 and p-AMPK) levels in the kidneys. Moreover, quercetin and crocin inhibited the excessive proliferation of RMCs induced by high-glucose (HG) conditions, decreased autophagy-related protein (LC3, Atg5, Beclin-1 and p-AMPK) levels, and decreased TGF-β1 expression. Importantly, cotreatment with quercetin and crocin had a more significant effect than treatment with either compound alone. These results suggest that combined administration of quercetin and crocin can more significantly reduce blood glucose/lipid levels and improve renal fibrosis than administration of either compound alone and that AMPK-dependent autophagy might be involved in this process. Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. and Gardenia could be developed as drugs for Type 2 diabetes treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autophagy/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Carotenoids/pharmacology
- Carotenoids/therapeutic use
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cholesterol/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Female
- Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Kidney/drug effects
- Kidney/pathology
- Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Male
- Obesity/blood
- Obesity/drug therapy
- Obesity/pathology
- Protective Agents/pharmacology
- Protective Agents/therapeutic use
- Quercetin/pharmacology
- Quercetin/therapeutic use
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Lin Lai
- Department of Drug Clinical Trials, 485285Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Qin Lu
- Department of Drug Clinical Trials, 485285Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Na Li
- Department of Pharmacology, 398625Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, China
| | - Hui-Ping Huang
- Department of Drug Clinical Trials, 485285Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - He-Ying Zhou
- Department of Drug Clinical Trials, 485285Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - En-Nian Leng
- Medicine & Technology School, 398625Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yue-Yue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, 398625Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, China
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16
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Rahman N, Kuramochi M, Izawa T, Kuwamura M, Yamate J. Characterization of Immature Myofibroblasts of Stellate Cell or Mesenchymal Cell Origin in D-Galactosamine-Induced Liver Injury in Rats. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:80-90. [PMID: 33054583 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820963097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lesions of D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced hepatotoxicity resemble those of human acute viral hepatitis. This study investigated hepatic mesenchymal cells including hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and myofibroblasts in D-GalN-induced hepatotoxicity. Rats, injected with D-GalN (800 mg/kg body weight, once, intraperitoneally) were examined on post single injection (PSI) at 8 hours and days 1 to 5. Lesions consisting of hepatocyte necrosis and reparative fibrosis were present diffusely or focally within the hepatic lobules on PSI days 1 and 2, and then the injury recovered on PSI days 3 and 5. Myofibroblasts expressing vimentin, desmin, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were present in the lesions. Double immunofluorescence showed that myofibroblasts reacted simultaneously to vimentin/α-SMA, desmin/α-SMA, and desmin/vimentin; furthermore, myofibroblasts reacting to vimentin, desmin, and α-SMA also co-expressed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker of HSCs. Additionally, GFAP-expressing myofibroblasts reacted to nestin and A3 (both are markers of immature mesenchymal cells). Cells reacting to Thy-1, a marker for immature mesenchymal cells, also appeared in fibrotic lesions. In agreement with the myofibroblastic appearance, mRNAs of fibrosis-related factors (TGF-β1, PDGF-β, TNF-α, Timp2, and Mmp2) increased mainly on PSI days 1 and 2. Myofibroblasts with expression of various cytoskeletal proteins were present in diffuse or focal hepatic lesions, and they might be derived partly from immature HSCs and from immature mesenchymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Rahman
- 13311Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano City, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Izawa
- 13311Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano City, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Jyoji Yamate
- 13311Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano City, Osaka, Japan
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17
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Zhang Y, Ke W, Bai J, Li F, Xu D, Ding Z, Guo X. The effect of Pediococcus acidilactici J17 with high-antioxidant activity on antioxidant, α‑tocopherol, β‑carotene, fatty acids, and fermentation profiles of alfalfa silage ensiled at two different dry matter contents. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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18
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Hu R, He Z, Liu M, Tan J, Zhang H, Hou DX, He J, Wu S. Dietary protocatechuic acid ameliorates inflammation and up-regulates intestinal tight junction proteins by modulating gut microbiota in LPS-challenged piglets. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:92. [PMID: 32944233 PMCID: PMC7487840 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00492-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Weaning is one of the major factors that cause stress and intestinal disease in piglets. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is an active plant phenolic acid which exists in Chinese herb, Duzhong (Eucommia ulmoides Oliver), and is also considered as the main bioactive metabolite of polyphenol against oxidative stress and inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of PCA on growth performance, intestinal barrier function, and gut microbiota in a weaned piglet model challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods Thirty-six piglets (Pig Improvement Company line 337 × C48, 28 d of age, 8.87 kg ± 0.11 kg BW) were randomly allocated into 3 treatments and fed with a basal diet (CTL), a diet added 50 mg/kg of aureomycin (AUR), or a diet supplemented with 4000 mg/kg of PCA, respectively. The piglets were challenged with LPS (10 μg/kg BW) on d 14 and d 21 by intraperitoneal injection during the 21-d experiment. Animals (n = 6 from each group) were sacrificed after being anesthetized by sodium pentobarbital at 2 h after the last injection of LPS. The serum was collected for antioxidant indices and inflammatory cytokines analysis, the ileum was harvested for detecting mRNA and protein levels of tight junction proteins by PCR and immunohistochemical staining, and the cecum chyme was collected for intestinal flora analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results Dietary supplementation of PCA or AUR significantly increased the expression of tight junction proteins including ZO-1 and claudin-1 in intestinal mucosa, and decreased the serum levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and IL-6, as compared with CTL group. In addition, PCA also decreased the serum levels of IL-2 and TNF-α (P < 0.05). Analysis of gut microbiota indicated that PCA increased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (P < 0.05). Spearman’s correlation analysis at the genus level revealed that PCA reduced the relative abundance of Prevotella 9, Prevotella 2, Holdemanella, and Ruminococcus torques group (P < 0.05), and increased the relative abundance of Roseburia and Desulfovibrio (P < 0.05), whereas AUR had no significant effect on these bacteria. Conclusions These results demonstrated that both PCA and AUR had protective effect on oxidative stress, inflammation and intestinal barrier function in piglets challenged with LPS, and PCA potentially exerted the protective function by modulating intestinal flora in a way different from AUR. Holdemanella ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Hu
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Ziyu He
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065 Japan
| | - Ming Liu
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China.,Beijing China-Agri HongKe Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Jijun Tan
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, 100193 China
| | - De-Xing Hou
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065 Japan
| | - Jianhua He
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Shusong Wu
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
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19
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Abouzied MM, Mahmoud SM, Wahid A, Ahmed AE, Okasha AM, Soliman HA, Al Thagfan SS, Attia EZ. A study of the hepatoprotective effect of Plantago psyllium L. seed extract against Carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic injury in rats. J Appl Biomed 2020; 18:80-86. [PMID: 34907729 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2020.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver is the main metabolic organ involved in disposal and detoxification of various molecules. Plantago psyllium L. seed has been reported to exert positive effects in some pathological conditions. The current study aims to assess the hepatoprotective effect of Plantago psyllium L. seed extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. METHODS Male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of 10 rats each. Hepatotoxicity was induced by orally administered carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for nine weeks with or without the different treatments which were utilized daily for the whole nine weeks. Serum and tissue samples were then withdrawn and different liver biomarkers were investigated. RESULTS Treatment of rats with Psyllium seed ethanolic extract significantly alleviated the toxic effects of CCl4. This was evidenced by its ability to restore liver biomarkers levels. Moreover, treatment with Psyllium seed extract normalized levels of oxidative biomarkers such as lipid peroxidation, hepatic content of reduced glutathione and catalase activity, as well as the expression level of the inflammatory marker TNF-α. Histopathological examination reflected the protective effect of the extract on liver architecture and confirmed the observed biochemical data. CONCLUSIONS The presented data demonstrates a potential hepatoprotective effect of Psyllium seed extract compared to the standard hepatoprotective drug silymarin. This effect can be attributed to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Psyllium extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekky M Abouzied
- Taibah University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Minia University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Minia, Egypt
| | - Shaymaa M Mahmoud
- Beni-Suef University, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Biotechnology Department, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Wahid
- Alexandria University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amr E Ahmed
- Beni-Suef University, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Biotechnology Department, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Okasha
- Minia University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Minia, Egypt
| | - Hanan A Soliman
- Beni-Suef University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Sultan S Al Thagfan
- Taibah University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Z Attia
- Minia University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Minia, Egypt
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20
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Song J, He Y, Luo C, Feng B, Ran F, Xu H, Ci Z, Xu R, Han L, Zhang D. New progress in the pharmacology of protocatechuic acid: A compound ingested in daily foods and herbs frequently and heavily. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105109. [PMID: 32738494 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protocatechuic acid is a natural phenolic acid, which widely exists in our daily diet and herbs. It is also one of the main metabolites of complex polyphenols, such as anthocyanins and proanthocyanins. In recent years, a large number of studies on the pharmacological activities of protocatechuic acid have emerged. Protocatechuic acid has a wide range of pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, antiosteoporotic, analgesia, antiaging activties; protection from metabolic syndrome; and preservation of liver, kidneys, and reproductive functions. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that the absorption and elimination rate of protocatechuic acid are faster, with glucuronidation and sulfation being the major metabolic pathways. However, protocatechuic acid displays a dual-directional regulatory effect on some pharmacological activities. When the concentration is very high, it can inhibit cell proliferation and reduce survival rate. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of protocatechuic acid with emphasis on its pharmacological activities discovered in recent 5 years, so as to provide more up-to-date and thorough information for the preclinical and clinical research of protocatechuic acid in the future. Moreover, it is hoped that the clinical application of protocatechuic acid can be broadened, giving full play to its characteristics of rich sources, low toxicity and wide pharmacological activites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Song
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Yanan He
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Chuanhong Luo
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Bi Feng
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Fei Ran
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Hong Xu
- Chengdu Yongkang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Zhimin Ci
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Runchun Xu
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Li Han
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
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Ding H, Cao A, Li H, Zhao Y, Feng J. Effects of Eucommia ulmoides leaf extracts on growth performance, antioxidant capacity and intestinal function in weaned piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:1169-1177. [PMID: 32153077 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Eucommia ulmoides is traditional Chinese medicine, and it possesses several potential bioactivities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immune regulatory activities. This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary Eucommia ulmoides leaf extracts (ELE) on growth performance, antioxidant capacity and intestinal function of weaned piglets. Two hundred crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) piglets with an average initial weight of 12.96 ± 0.28 kg were randomly allotted to five treatments: C0 (basal diet), C1 (basal diet + antibiotics) and basal diet supplemented with increasing levels of ELE (0.2, 0.3 or 0.4 g/kg of feed). The results showed that ELE or antibiotics supplementation remarkably decreased diarrhoea rate and 0.3 g/kg ELE increased average daily gain compared with C0 (p < .05). 0.3 g/kg ELE increased alkaline phosphatase (AKP) levels and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in serum and liver, as well as increased the content of serum albumin and total protein (TP) compared with the C0 (p < .05). The lipase activity of duodenum content and trypsin activity of jejunum content were improved fed diets containing 0.3 g/kg ELE compared with C0 (p < .05). The 0.3 g/kg ELE treatments have a higher villus height of the duodenum and jejunum compared with the C0 (p < .05). These results suggested that ELE supplementation had beneficial effects on antioxidant and intestinal function in weaned piglets, which also could increase growth performance and decreased diarrhoea rate. Accordingly, ELE is a potential alternative to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxuan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aizhi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
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Liu G, Mo W, Cao W, Wu X, Jia G, Zhao H, Chen X, Wu C, Wang J. Effects of spermine on ileal physical barrier, antioxidant capacity, metabolic profile and large intestinal bacteria in piglets. RSC Adv 2020; 10:26709-26716. [PMID: 35515753 PMCID: PMC9055407 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10406b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermine, a polyamine, exerts important roles in alleviating oxidative damage, improving immunity, increasing antioxidant status and digestive enzyme activities, and promoting the development of small intestine. However, information is not available regarding the effects of spermine supplementation on gut barrier function, intestinal microbiota and metabolic profile in piglets. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the effect of spermine administration on these parameters. The experiment was conducted on twenty 12 day-old suckling piglets, which were allocated either to the group fed basal formula milk (control group) or to that fed a basal formula milk that contained spermine (0.4 mmol kg−1 BW per day) for 3 days. Caecal and colonic digesta and ileal tissues were collected at the end of the three-day feeding experiment. The results were as follows: (1) supplementation with spermine increased glutathione S-transferase (GST) capacity by 27.84% and glutathione content by 18.68% in the ileum (P < 0.05). (2) Glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), catalase (CAT), GST, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein1 (Keap1) mRNA levels in ileum were increased in the spermine-supplemented group in contrast to those in the control group (P < 0.05). (3) The spermine-supplemented group increased zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) (by 42.0%), ZO-2 (by 101.0%), occludin (by 84.0%), claudin 2 (by 98.0%), claudin 3 (by 121.0%), claudin 12 (by 47.0%), claudin 14 (by 68.0%) and claudin 16 (by 73.0%) mRNA levels in ileum relative to the control group (P < 0.05). (4) Supplementation with spermine increased ZO-2 and occludin mRNA levels in ileum by reducing myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) (by 23.0%) mRNA level. (5) Spermine supplementation increased choline, glycerolphosphocholine, creatine and serine levels, and decrease alanine, glutamate, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, lactate, tyrosine levels in ileum (P < 0.05). (6) The population of Lactobacilli, Bifidobacteria and total bacteria increased, but the number of Escherichia coli decreased in the caecal and colonic digesta after spermine supplementation (P < 0.05). In summary, dietary spermine supplementation promotes ileal health by enhancing antioxidant properties, improving ileal barrier function, modulating metabolic profiles, and maintaining large intestinal microbial homeostasis. Spermine, a polyamine, exerts important roles in alleviating oxidative damage, improving immunity, increasing antioxidant status and digestive enzyme activities, and promoting the development of small intestine.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangmang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
| | - Weiwei Mo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
| | - Wei Cao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
| | - Xianjian Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
| | - Gang Jia
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
| | - Hua Zhao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
| | - Caimei Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
| | - Jing Wang
- Maize Research Institute
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu
- China
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Chemical constituents, biological functions and pharmacological effects for comprehensive utilization of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Wang CY, Tang L, He JW, Li J, Wang YZ. Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Eucommia ulmoides: A Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:259-300. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, a single species of Eucommia genus belonging to the Eucommiaceae family, is an endemic in China and has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for nearly two thousand years. Records from different historical periods highlight E. ulmoides and its officinal botanical parts, usefulness in adaptation to disease and its central role in Chinese medicine theory. There are also historical collection documents for minorities in China. Tearing the leaves, bark and fruit produces strands of latex; a description of E. ulmoides’s morphological features is recorded in this paper. This review summarizes 204 natural compounds isolated from this plant, which are divided into seven categories: lignans, iridoids, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, terpenes and others. These components possess wide-ranging pharmacological efficacies, such as antihypertensive, antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemia, anti-oxidative, anti-osteoporosis, antitumor, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective activities. This review aims to provide a reference for extensive researches of E. ulmoides crude drugs, especially for quality control, biosynthesis and structure modification of active ingredients and pharmacological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yong Wang
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia Ulmoides, College of Hunan Province, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, P. R. China
- College of Biological Resources and Environmental Sciences, College of Hunan Province, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, P. R. China
| | - Li Tang
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia Ulmoides, College of Hunan Province, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, P. R. China
- College of A & F Science and Technology, Hunan Applied Technology University, Changde 415000, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Wu He
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia Ulmoides, College of Hunan Province, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, P. R. China
- College of Biological Resources and Environmental Sciences, College of Hunan Province, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization, College of Hunan Province, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia Ulmoides, College of Hunan Province, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, P. R. China
- College of Biological Resources and Environmental Sciences, College of Hunan Province, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization, College of Hunan Province, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Zhong Wang
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia Ulmoides, College of Hunan Province, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, P. R. China
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, P. R. China
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Extracts from Fermented Black Garlic Exhibit a Hepatoprotective Effect on Acute Hepatic Injury. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061112. [PMID: 30897831 PMCID: PMC6471182 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of hepatoprotective compounds is usually related to its antioxidant or anti-inflammatory effects. Black garlic is produced from garlic by heat treatment and its anti-inflammatory activity has been previously reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of five different extracts of black garlic against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute hepatic injury (AHI). In this study, mice in the control, CCl4, silymarin, and black garlic groups were orally administered distilled water, silymarin, and different fraction extracts of black garlic, respectively, after CCl4 was injected intraperitoneally to induce AHI. The results revealed that the n-butanol layer extract (BA) and water layer extract (WS) demonstrated a hepatoprotective effect by reducing the levels of alanine aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA). Furthermore, the BA and WS fractions of black garlic extract increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GSH-Rd), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and the interleukin-1 (IL-1β) level in liver. It was concluded that black garlic exhibited significant protective effects on CCl4-induced acute hepatic injury.
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Lee HY, Lee GH, Yoon Y, Chae HJ. R. verniciflua and E. ulmoides Extract (ILF-RE) Protects against Chronic CCl₄-Induced Liver Damage by Enhancing Antioxidation. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020382. [PMID: 30759889 PMCID: PMC6412399 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the protective effects of R. verniciflua extract (ILF-R) and E. ulmoides extract (ILF-E), the combination called ILF-RE, against chronic CCl4-induced liver oxidative injury in rats, as well as to investigate the mechanism underlying hepatoprotection by ILF-RE against CCl4-induced hepatic dysfunction. Chronic hepatic stress was induced via intraperitoneal (IP) administration of a mixture of CCl4 (0.2 mL/100 g body weight) and olive oil [1:1(v/v)] twice a week for 4 weeks to rats. ILF-RE was administered orally at 40, 80, and 120 mg/kg to rats for 4 weeks. Alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and lipid peroxidation assays were performed, and total triglyceride, cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol levels were quantified. Furthermore, ER stress and lipogenesis-related gene expression including sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP-1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and P-AMPK were assessed. ILF-RE markedly protected against liver damage by inhibiting oxidative stress and increasing antioxidant enzyme activity including glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase. Furthermore, hepatic dyslipidemia was regulated after ILF-RE administration. Moreover, hepatic lipid accumulation and its associated lipogenic genes, including those encoding SREBP-1 and FAS, were regulated after ILF-RE administration. This was accompanied by regulation of ER stress response signaling, suggesting a mechanism underlying ILF-RE-mediated hepatoprotection against lipid accumulation. The present results indicate that ILF-RE exerts hepatoprotective effects against chronic CCl4-induced dysfunction by suppressing hepatic oxidative stress and lipogenesis, suggesting that ILF-RE is a potential preventive/therapeutic natural product in treating hepatoxicity and associated dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and New Drug Development Institute, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-180, Korea.
| | - Geum-Hwa Lee
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-180, Korea.
| | - Young Yoon
- Imsil Cheese & Food Research Institute, Doin 2-gil, Seongsu-myeon, Imsil-gun, Chonbuk 55918, Korea.
| | - Han-Jung Chae
- Department of Pharmacology and New Drug Development Institute, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-180, Korea.
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-180, Korea.
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Liu G, Mo W, Xu X, Wu X, Jia G, Zhao H, Chen X, Wu C, Wang J. Effects of putrescine on gene expression in relation to physical barriers and antioxidant capacity in organs of weaning piglets. RSC Adv 2019; 9:19584-19595. [PMID: 35519373 PMCID: PMC9065370 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02674f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Weaning stress can cause metabolic disorders, gastrointestinal dysfunction, physical barrier injury and disease susceptibility, thus leading to impaired growth and health of animals. Putrescine has the potential to reduce stress effects. However, the role of putrescine supplementation on barrier function and antioxidant capacity in animals' organs is largely unknown. This study evaluates the effects of putrescine on the physical barrier function, antioxidant status and related signalling molecule levels of weaning piglets' organs. A total of 24 weaning piglets were assigned to four treatment groups: (1) basal diet (control) and basal diets supplemented with (2) 0.05%, (3) 0.1% and (4) 0.15% putrescine. At the end of the 11 day experiment, ileum, liver, thymus and spleen samples were collected from the piglets. Compared with the control group, 0.15% putrescine can significantly increase anti-hydroxyl radical capacity (ileum and spleen), anti-superoxide anion capacity (liver, thymus and spleen), catalase (ileum, liver, thymus and spleen), total superoxide dismutase (ileum, thymus and spleen), glutathione peroxidase (ileum, liver and thymus), glutathione S-transferase activity (ileum, liver, thymus and spleen), glutathione content (liver and spleen) and total antioxidant capacity (ileum and thymus); decrease malondialdehyde (ileum, liver, thymus and spleen), protein carbonyl content (ileum, liver, thymus and spleen); enhance mRNA expression of zonula occludens (ZO)-1 (spleen), ZO-2 (liver, thymus and spleen), occludin (ileum, liver, thymus and spleen), claudin 1 (ileum, liver, thymus and spleen), claudin 2 (ileum, thymus and spleen), claudin 3 (ileum, liver, thymus and spleen), claudin 14 (ileum, liver and spleen), claudin 16 (ileum and liver), superoxide dismutase 1 (ileum, liver and thymus), glutathione peroxidase 1 (ileum, liver, thymus and spleen), catalase (ileum, liver, thymus and spleen), glutathione reductase (thymus and spleen), glutathione S-transferase (ileum, liver, thymus and spleen) and nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (liver and thymus); decrease mRNA level of myosin light chain kinase (ileum, liver, thymus and spleen) and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (liver and spleen) (P < 0.05). 0.05% putrescine can significantly affect some of the above-mentioned parameters (P < 0.05). Collectively, putrescine supplementation improves organs' physical barrier function and antioxidant capacity in dose- and tissue-dependent and independent effects; such improvements are beneficial to the health of weaning piglets. Weaning stress can cause metabolic disorders, gastrointestinal dysfunction, physical barrier injury and disease susceptibility, thus leading to impaired growth and health of animals.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangmang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China
| | - Weiwei Mo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China
| | - Xiaomei Xu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China
| | - Xianjian Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China
| | - Gang Jia
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China
| | - Caimei Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Maize Research Institute
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
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Rahman N, Pervin M, Kuramochi M, Karim MR, Izawa T, Kuwamura M, Yamate J. M1/M2-macrophage Polarization-based Hepatotoxicity ind-galactosamine-induced Acute Liver Injury in Rats. Toxicol Pathol 2018; 46:764-776. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623318801574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Rahman
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Munmun Pervin
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mizuki Kuramochi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mohammad R. Karim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kuwamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jyoji Yamate
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
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Xiong W, Wu L, Hu JW, Ji XY, Fu JP, Zhang JY, Si CL, Kim JK, Li XH. Secondary Metabolites from Branches of Eucommia ulmoides. Chem Nat Compd 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-018-2537-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Li S, Zhao M, Jiang T, Lv W, Gao S, Zhou Y, Miao Z. Growth performance and antioxidant status of growing rabbits fed on diets supplemented with Eucommia ulmoides leaves. WORLD RABBIT SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.4995/wrs.2018.7864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
<p>The present study evaluated the effect of dietary <em>Eucommia ulmoides leaves</em> (EUL) on growth performance and antioxidant status of growing rabbits under heat stress condition. Four hundred and fifty weaned New Zealand male rabbits (6 wk old) were randomly divided into 3 equal groups (150 rabbits/group) and fed with a basal diet (control, digestible energy (DE): 15.92 MJ/kg and crude protein (CP): 19.24%) or the basal diet supplemented with 1 or 5 g of EUL/kg of diet (EUL1 and EUL5), in which the same quantity of barley meal was replaced. During the 21 d of experiment (43 to 63 d of age), the temperature and relative humidity of the rabbit house ranged from 27.5 to 32.5°C and from 65 to 73%, respectively. We analysed feed intake, growth performance and antioxidant status of growing rabbits. Compared with the control group, at the end of the experimental period, EUL supplementation significantly reduced the average daily feed intake (92.0, 92.8 and 100.7 g/d for EUL1, EUL5 and control, respectively; P<0.05), improved the feed conversion ratio (3.80, 3.81 and 4.59 for EUL1, EUL5 and control, respectively; P<0.05), increased the activities of glutathione peroxidase (+35.5 and +35.0% in plasma and liver of rabbits in EUL5 vs. control group, respectively; P<0.05) and reduced those of malondialdehyde (–12.0 and –46.0% in plasma and liver of rabbits in EUL5 vs. control group, respectively; P<0.05). These results suggest that inclusion of EUL in the diet of growing rabbits improved the growth performance and antioxidant status in growing rabbits.</p>
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Tung YT, Huang CZ, Lin JH, Yen GC. Effect of Phyllanthus emblica L. fruit on methionine and choline-deficiency diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 26:1245-1252. [PMID: 30249323 PMCID: PMC9298569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phyllanthus emblica L. fruit contains abundant bioactive components and exhibits a variety of biological activities. In this study, the hepatoprotective effect of water extract of P. emblica (WEPE) on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was evaluated. C57BL/6 mice were fed methionine and choline-deficiency diet (MCD diet) for 4 or 8 weeks to induce NASH. Results showed that administration of WEPE could significantly reduce serum AST and ALT as compared to MCD diet-alone group. Administration of WEPE could significantly decrease lipid peroxidation and CYP2E1 mRNA expression, and elevate the antioxidant activities in mice livers. In addition, administration of WEPE after 8 weeks could significantly decrease the mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β in mice livers, but have less improving effect of hepatic steatosis and mononuclear cell infiltration. Taken together, MCD diet might cause serious hepatic steatosis and mild inflammation in mice livers, but administration of WEPE could ameliorate the rapid progression of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tang Tung
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Ze Huang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jia-Hong Lin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Gow-Chin Yen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, ROC.
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Ding W, Wang L, Zhang J, Ke W, Zhou J, Zhu J, Guo X, Long R. Characterization of antioxidant properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from spontaneously fermented yak milk in the Tibetan Plateau. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Chiu YJ, Chou SC, Chiu CS, Kao CP, Wu KC, Chen CJ, Tsai JC, Peng WH. Hepatoprotective effect of the ethanol extract of Polygonum orientale on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in mice. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 26:369-379. [PMID: 29389576 PMCID: PMC9332667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Polygonum orientale L. (Polygonaceae) fruits have various medicinal uses, but their hepatoprotective effects have not yet been studied. This study investigated the hepatoprotective activity of the ethanolic extract of P. orientale (POE) fruits against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury (ALI). Mice were pretreated with POE (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 g/kg) or silymarin (0.2 g/kg) for 5 consecutive days and administered a dose of 0.175% CCl4 (ip) on the 5th day to induce ALI. Blood and liver samples were collected to measure antioxidative activity and cytokines. The bioactive components of POE were identified through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Acute toxicity testing indicated that the LD50 of POE exceeded 10 g/kg in mice. Mice pretreated with POE (0.5, 1.0 g/kg) experienced a significant reduction in their serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels and reduction in the extent of liver lesions. POE reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GRd) in liver. HPLC revealed peaks at 11.28, 19.55, and 39.40 min for protocatechuic acid, taxifolin, and quercetin, respectively. In summary, the hepatoprotective effect of POE against CCl4-induced ALI was seemingly associated with its antioxidant and anti-proinflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Jia Chiu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shen-Chieh Chou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chuan-Sung Chiu
- Hsin Sheng College of Medical Care and Management, 418, Sec. Gaoping, Zhongfeng Road, Longtan District, 32544, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Pin Kao
- Hsin Sheng College of Medical Care and Management, 418, Sec. Gaoping, Zhongfeng Road, Longtan District, 32544, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kun-Chang Wu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chao-Jung Chen
- Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jen-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, College of Biotechnology and Bio-Resources, Da-Yeh University, 168 University Road, Dacun, Chang-Hua, 51591, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Wen-Huang Peng
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC.
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Cao W, Xu X, Jia G, Zhao H, Chen X, Wu C, Tang J, Wang J, Cai J, Liu G. Roles of spermine in modulating the antioxidant status and Nrf2 signalling molecules expression in the thymus and spleen of suckling piglets-new insight. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:e183-e192. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Cao
- Animal Nutrition Institute; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education; Chengdu China
| | - X. Xu
- Animal Nutrition Institute; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education; Chengdu China
| | - G. Jia
- Animal Nutrition Institute; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education; Chengdu China
| | - H. Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education; Chengdu China
| | - X. Chen
- Animal Nutrition Institute; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education; Chengdu China
| | - C. Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education; Chengdu China
| | - J. Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education; Chengdu China
| | - J. Wang
- Maize Research Institute; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
| | - J. Cai
- Animal Nutrition Institute; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education; Chengdu China
| | - G. Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education; Chengdu China
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Li X, Tang Z, Fei D, Liu Y, Zhang M, Liu S. Evaluation of the sedative and hypnotic effects of astragalin isolated from Eucommia ulmoides leaves in mice. Nat Prod Res 2016; 31:2072-2076. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1272108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zichen Tang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Dongqing Fei
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yunhong Liu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Shaoyang Liu
- Food Engineering Department, Luohe Medical Collage, Luohe, China
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Peng WH, Chen YW, Lee MS, Chang WT, Tsai JC, Lin YC, Lin MK. Hepatoprotective Effect of Cuscuta campestris Yunck. Whole Plant on Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Chronic Liver Injury in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122056. [PMID: 27941627 PMCID: PMC5187856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cuscuta seeds and whole plant have been used to nourish the liver and kidney. This study was aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of the ethanol extract of Cuscuta campestris Yunck. whole plant (CCEtOH). The hepatoprotective effect of CCEtOH (20, 100 and 500 mg/kg) was evaluated on carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced chronic liver injury. Serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride and cholesterol were measured and the fibrosis was histologically examined. CCEtOH exhibited a significant inhibition of the increase of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride and cholesterol. Histological analyses showed that fibrosis of liver induced by CCl₄ were significantly reduced by CCEtOH. In addition, 20, 100 and 500 mg/kg of the extract decreased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and enhanced the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GRd) in the liver. We demonstrate that the hepatoprotective mechanisms of CCEtOH were likely to be associated to the decrease in MDA level by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, GPx and GRd. In addition, our findings provide evidence that C. campestris Yunck. whole plant possesses a hepatoprotective activity to ameliorate chronic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Huang Peng
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Wen Chen
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Shiou Lee
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Te Chang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Jen-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, 500 Liufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Chih Lin
- Department of Optometry, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, 79-9 Sha-Luen Hu Xi-Zhou Li Hou-Loung Town, Miaoli 356, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Kuem Lin
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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Li XZ, Zhang S. Effervescent Granules Prepared Using Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. and Moso Bamboo Leaves: Hypoglycemic Activity in HepG2 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2016; 2016:6362094. [PMID: 27656239 PMCID: PMC5021894 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6362094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (E. ulmoides Oliv.) and moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) leaves are used as folk medicines in central-western China to treat diabetes. To investigate the hypoglycemic activity of the effervescent granules prepared using E. ulmoides Oliv. and moso bamboo leaves (EBEG) in HepG2 cells, EBEG were prepared with 5% of each of polysaccharides and chlorogenic acids from moso bamboo and E. ulmoides Oliv. leaves, respectively. HepG2 cells cultured in a high-glucose medium were classified into different groups. The results displayed EBEG-treated cells showed better glucose utilization than the negative controls; thus, the hypoglycemic effect of EBEG was much greater than that of granules prepared using either component alone, thereby indicating that this effect was due to a synergistic action of the components. Further, glucose consumption levels in the cells treated with EBEG (156.35% at 200 μg/mL) and the positive controls (metformin, 162.29%; insulin, 161.52%) were similar. Thus, EBEG exhibited good potential for use as a natural antidiabetic agent. The hypoglycemic effect of EBEG could be due to the synergistic action of polysaccharides from the moso bamboo leaves and chlorogenic acids from E. ulmoides Oliv. leaves via the inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and glucose-6-phosphate displacement enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Zhou Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Applied Technology in Forest Area of South China, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
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Cao W, Xiao L, Liu G, Fang T, Wu X, Jia G, Zhao H, Chen X, Wu C, Cai J, Wang J. Dietary arginine and N-carbamylglutamate supplementation enhances the antioxidant statuses of the liver and plasma against oxidative stress in rats. Food Funct 2016; 7:2303-11. [PMID: 27109002 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01194a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-Carbamylglutamate (NCG), an effective precursor of arginine (ARG), can enhance ARG synthesis, increase intestinal growth, and improve reproductive performance. However, the antioxidant effect of NCG remains largely unknown. This study aims to survey the effects of ARG and NCG supplementation on the antioxidant statuses of the liver and plasma in rats under oxidative stress. Rats were fed for 30 days with one of the three iso-nitrogenous diets: basal diet (BD), BD plus 1% ARG, and BD plus 0.1% NCG. On day 28, half of the rats fed with BD were intraperitoneally injected with 12 mg per kg body weight of diquat (diquat group) and the other half was injected intraperitoneally with sterile 0.9% NaCl solution (control group). The other diet groups also received an intraperitoneal injection of 12 mg per kg body weight of diquat, as follows: diquat + 1% ARG (DT + ARG), and diquat + 0.1% NCG (DT + NCG). Rat liver and plasma samples obtained 48 h after diquat injection were analyzed. Results indicated that diquat significantly affected the plasma conventional biochemical components (relative to the controls), which were partially alleviated in both the DT + ARG and DT + NCG groups (P < 0.05). Diquat also significantly decreased the glutathione (GSH) content (by 30.0%), and decreased anti-superoxide anion (ASA; by 13.8%) and anti-hydroxyl radical (AHR; by 38.9%) abilities in the plasma, and also decreased catalase (CAT) activity both in the liver (by 17.5%) and plasma (by 33.4%) compared with the control group. By contrast, diquat increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content (by 23.0%) in the plasma (P < 0.05) compared with the control group. Relative to those of the diquat group, higher CAT activity and GSH content were noted in the plasma of the DT + ARG group and in the liver of both DT + ARG and DT + NCG groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the DT + ARG group exhibited significantly enhanced plasma ASA activity (P < 0.05). The DT + NCG group showed significantly improved total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the liver and plasma (P < 0.05). Increased GSH content and elevated ASA and AHR activities were also found, but the MDA content in the plasma was depleted (P < 0.05). Compared with the DT + ARG group, the DT + NCG group showed increased liver and plasma T-AOC, enhanced plasma AHR activity, increased liver ASA activity, and decreased plasma MDA content (P < 0.05). Overall, supplementation of 1% ARG and 0.1% NCG can partially protect the liver and plasma from oxidative stress. Furthermore, compared with 1% ARG, 0.1% NCG more effectively alleviated oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Xiao L, Cao W, Liu G, Fang T, Wu X, Jia G, Chen X, Zhao H, Wang J, Wu C, Cai J. Arginine, N-carbamylglutamate, and glutamine exert protective effects against oxidative stress in rat intestine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:242-248. [PMID: 29767095 PMCID: PMC5941035 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current study is to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with arginine (ARG), N-carbamylglutamate (NCG), and glutamine (GLN) on rat intestinal morphology and antioxidant status under oxidative stress. Rats were fed for 30 d with one of the following iso-nitrogenous diets: basal diet (BD), BD plus 1% ARG, BD plus 0.1% NCG, and BD plus 1% GLN. On day 28, half of the rats fed BD were intraperitoneally injected with 12 mg/kg body weight of diquat (DT; i.e., the DT group) and the other half was intraperitoneally injected with sterile solution (i.e., the control group). The other diet groups were intraperitoneally injected with 12 mg/kg body weight of DT (i.e., DT + 1% GLN [DT + GLN], DT + 1% ARG [DT + ARG], and DT + 0.1% NCG [DT + NCG]). Rat jejunum samples obtained at 48 h after DT injection were analyzed. Results showed that DT significantly decreased catalase (CAT) activity and glutathione (GSH) content by 58.25% and 56.57%, respectively, and elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) content and crypt depth (CD) by 19.39% and 22.13%, respectively, in the jejunum (P < 0.05, relative to the control group). Compared with the DT group, the DT + GLN group exhibited significantly improved villus height (VH), villus width (VW), villus surface area (VSA), CD and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) activity (P < 0.05); the DT + ARG group exhibited significantly increased the ratio of VH to CD (H:D) and T-AOC activity (P < 0.05); the DT + GLN, DT + ARG and DT + NCG groups exhibited significantly enhanced CAT activity and GSH content as well as decreased MDA content (P < 0.05). Moreover, VH, VW, VSA, CD and GSH content in the DT + GLN group were higher whereas MDA content was lower compared with the corresponding values observed in both the DT + ARG and the DT + NCG groups (P < 0.05). The H:D ratio in the DT + ARG group significantly increased compared with that in the DT + NCG and DT + GLN groups (P < 0.05). Collectively, this study suggested that dietary supplementation with 1% GLN, 0.1% NCG, and 1% ARG was effective in enhancing the antioxidant status and maintaining the morphological structure of rat jejunum under oxidative stress; of these supplements, 1% GLN exerted the greatest effects on mitigating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xiao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tingting Fang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xianjian Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Caimei Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
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Niu HS, Liu IM, Niu CS, Ku PM, Hsu CT, Cheng JT. Eucommia bark (Du-Zhong) improves diabetic nephropathy without altering blood glucose in type 1-like diabetic rats. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:971-8. [PMID: 27041999 PMCID: PMC4780717 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s98558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Eucommia bark, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver barks (Du-Zhong in Mandarin), is an herb used for renal dysfunction in Chinese traditional medicine. In an attempt to develop this herb as a treatment for diabetic nephropathy (DN), we investigated the effects of Du-Zhong on renal dysfunction in type 1-like diabetic rats. Methods Streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce type 1-like diabetes in rats (STZ-diabetic rats). In addition to hyperglycemia, STZ-diabetic rats showed significant nephropathy, including higher plasma levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and renal fibrosis. Western blot analysis of renal cortical tissue was applied to characterize the changes in potential signals related to nephropathy. Results Oral administration of Du-Zhong (1 g/kg/day) to STZ-diabetic rats for 20 days not only decreased the plasma levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine but also improved renal fibrosis, whereas the plasma glucose level was not changed. The higher expressions of protein levels of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and connective tissue growth factor in diabetic rats were markedly attenuated by Du-Zhong. The increased phosphorylation of Smad2/3 in STZ-diabetic rats was also reduced by Du-Zhong. However, Du-Zhong cannot reverse the hyperglycemia-induced overproduction of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 in the diabetic kidney. Conclusion Oral administration of Du-Zhong improves STZ-induced DN in rats by inhibiting TGF-β/Smad signaling and suppressing TGF-β/connective tissue growth factor expression. Therefore, active principle from Du-Zhong is suitable to develop as new agent for DN in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Shan Niu
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien City, Taiwan
| | - I-Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacy & Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, Pingtung County, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Shan Niu
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien City, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ming Ku
- Department of Cardiology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Yong Kang, Tainan City, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Yong Kang, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Tien Hsu
- Department of Pathology, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Juei-Tang Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Yong Kang, Tainan City, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Science, College of Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Guei-Ren, Tainan City, Taiwan
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Li CP, Qiu GZ, Liu B, Chen JL, Fu HT. Neuroprotective effect of lignans extracted from Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. on glaucoma-related neurodegeneration. Neurol Sci 2016; 37:755-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-016-2491-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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42
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Zhao P, Qi C, Wang G, Dai X, Hou X. Enrichment and purification of total flavonoids from Cortex Juglandis Mandshuricae extracts and their suppressive effect on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury in Mice. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1007:8-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Li L, Guo Y, Zhao L, Zu Y, Gu H, Yang L. Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Simultaneous Extraction for Preparation of Genipin from Bark of Eucommia ulmoides after Ultrasound, Microwave Pretreatment. Molecules 2015; 20:18717-31. [PMID: 26501242 PMCID: PMC6332333 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201018717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A continuous process based on the combination of ultrasounds and/or microwaves pretreatments followed by enzymatic hydrolysis and simultaneous extraction (EHSE) has been proposed to recover genipin from Eucommia ulmoides bark. At first, in the pretreatment step, the mixture of 1.0 g dried bark powder and 10 mL deionized water were irradiated by microwave under 500 W for 10 min. Then, in hydrolysis step, the optimal conditions were as follows: 0.5 mg/mL of cellulase concentration, 4.0 pH of enzyme solution, 24 h of incubation time and 40 °C of incubation temperature. After incubation, 10 mL ethanol was added to extract genipin for 30 min by ultrasound. After EHSE treatment, the yield of genipin could reach 1.71 μmol/g. Moreover, scanning electron micrographs illustrated that severe structural disruption of plant was obtained by EHSE. The results indicated that the EHSE method provided a good alternative for the preparation of genipin from Eucommia ulmoides bark as well as other herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
- State Engineering Laboratory for Bioresource Eco-Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Yupin Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China.
| | - Lianfei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
- State Engineering Laboratory for Bioresource Eco-Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Yuangang Zu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
- State Engineering Laboratory for Bioresource Eco-Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Huiyan Gu
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Lei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
- State Engineering Laboratory for Bioresource Eco-Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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Kawano Y, Ohta M, Iwashita Y, Komori Y, Inomata M, Kitano S. Effects of the dihydrolipoyl histidinate zinc complex against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. Surg Today 2015; 44:1744-50. [PMID: 24121950 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-013-0749-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the effects of an antioxidant, dihydrolipoyl histidinate zinc complex (DHLHZn), on the hepatic fibrosis in the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) rat model. METHODS The animals were divided into three groups: control, CCl4, and CCl4+DHLHZn. A histological assessment of the liver fibrosis was performed using stained liver samples. The oxidative stress and antioxidant levels were evaluated by measuring the malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels in the liver. In addition, cultured human hepatic stellate cells (LI90) were exposed to antimycin-A (AMA) and divided into four groups: control, DHLHZn, AMA, and AMA+DHLHZn. The effects of DHLHZn on AMA-induced fibrosis were evaluated by measuring the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and collagen α1 (I). RESULTS The hepatic fibrosis in the CCl4+DHLHZn group was attenuated compared to that in the CCl4 group. The MDA levels in the CCl4+DHLHZn group were significantly lower than those of the CCl4 group, whereas the GSH levels in the CCl4+DHLHZn group were significantly higher than those of the CCl4 group. Furthermore, the relative mRNA expression of TGF-β1 and collagen α1 (I) in the AMA+DHLHZn group was significantly lower than that in the AMA group. CONCLUSION DHLHZn may attenuate the hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl4 by decreasing the degree of oxidative stress.
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Al-Harbi NO, Imam F, Nadeem A, Al-Harbi MM, Korashy HM, Sayed-Ahmed MM, Hafez MM, Al-Shabanah OA, Nagi MN, Bahashwan S. Riboflavin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury in rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2015; 25:417-23. [PMID: 26360969 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2015.1045662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is an easily absorbed micronutrient with a key role in maintaining health in humans and animals. It is the central component of the cofactors flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and is therefore required by all flavoproteins. Riboflavin also works as an antioxidant by scavenging free radicals. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of riboflavin against acute lungs injury induced by the administration of a single intranasal dose (20 μg/rat) of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in experimental rats. Administration of LPS resulted in marked increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level (p < 0.01) and MPO activity (p < 0.001), whereas marked decrease in glutathione (GSH) content (p < 0.001), glutathione reductase (GR) (p < 0.001) and glutathione peroxidase (p < 0.01) activity. These changes were significantly (p < 0.001) improved by treatment with riboflavin in a dose-dependent manner (30 and 100 mg/kg, respectively). Riboflavin (100 mg/kg, p.o.) showed similar protective effects as dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, p.o.). Administration of LPS showed marked cellular changes including interstitial edema, hemorrhage, infiltration of PMNs, etc., which were reversed by riboflavin administration. Histopathological examinations showed normal morphological structures of lungs tissue in the control group. These biochemical and histopathological examination were appended with iNOS and CAT gene expression. The iNOS mRNA expression was increased significantly (p < 0.001) and levels of CAT mRNA expression was decreased significantly (p < 0.001) in the animals exposed to LPS, while treatment with riboflavin significantly (p < 0.01) improved expression of both gene. In conclusion, the present study clearly demonstrated that riboflavin caused a protective effect against LPS-induced ALI. These results suggest that riboflavin may be used to protect against toxic effect of LPS in lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif O Al-Harbi
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , KSA and
| | - Faisal Imam
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , KSA and
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , KSA and
| | - Mohammed M Al-Harbi
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , KSA and
| | - Hesham M Korashy
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , KSA and
| | - Mohammed M Sayed-Ahmed
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , KSA and
| | - Mohamed M Hafez
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , KSA and
| | - Othman A Al-Shabanah
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , KSA and
| | - Mahmoud N Nagi
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , KSA and
| | - Saleh Bahashwan
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Pharmacy, Taibah University , Medina , KSA
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Li ZY, Sun HM, Xing J, Qin XM, Du GH. Chemical and biological comparison of raw and vinegar-baked Radix Bupleuri. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 165:20-28. [PMID: 25701749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Radix Bupleuri (RB) is a commonly used herbal drug in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), and it can be baked with vinegar to afford vinegar-baked Radix Bupleuri (VBRB), which is used in TCM for liver diseases treatment. In this study, the chemical compositions and biological effects between raw and two processed RBs by different vinegars were systematically compared. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical compositions of raw and two processed RBs were analyzed by (1)H NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis. Two different extraction procedures were used, including direct extraction and liquid-liquid partition. Then HPLC was applied to determine the changes of saikosaponin contents. In addition, their liver protective effects against CCl4 induced liver injury were also investigated, and the biochemical parameters and histopathology were measured after treatment of mice with raw RB and two processed RBs (5 g/kg/day) for 14 days. RESULTS Multivariate analysis showed clear differences between the raw and the two processed RBs, and the vinegar-baking process induced elevated contents of ssb1, ssb2, acetic acid, malic acid, citric acid, 5-HMF, and ligustrazine, as well as the decreased contents of ssa, ssd, sucrose, glycine, succinic acid etc. In addition, both raw and processed RBs showed liver protective effects against CCl4 induced liver injury, and the vinegar-baked RBs showed better effects than that of raw RB. CONCLUSIONS The raw and vinegar-baked RBs differed not only in the chemical compositions but also in the pharmacological effects. And two processed RBs also showed chemical differences, suggesting that the type of vinegar had an important effect on vinegar baking. In order to ensure the therapeutic effect and safety of TCM, the effect of different vinegars on processing of herbal drugs should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Hui-Min Sun
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People׳s Republic of China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Jie Xing
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People׳s Republic of China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People׳s Republic of China.
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People׳s Republic of China; Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, People׳s Republic of China.
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Bai MM, Shi W, Tian JM, Lei M, Kim JH, Sun YN, Kim YH, Gao JM. Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitory and anti-inflammatory components from the leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (duzhong). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:2198-2205. [PMID: 25679330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Eucommia ulmoides leaves have been used as a functional food and drink in China. The purpose of this study was to identify the bioactive constituents with soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitory activity and anti-inflammatory properties. Twenty-seven known compounds (1-27) were isolated from the leaves of E. ulmoides Oliver, and their structures were identified by NMR and ESIMS analysis; three of these, 2,5-dimethoxy-3-glucopyranosyl cinnamic alcohol (11), foliasalacioside E2 (26), and icariside F2 (27), were obtained from this plant for the first time. Compounds 1-7 exhibited soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitory activity at 100 μM; among them, quercetin (1) and kaempferol (5) displayed potential activities with IC50 values of 22.5 ± 0.9 and 31.3 ± 2.6 μM, respectively, with noncompetitive inhibition mode. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) inhibitory activity of the isolated compounds was evaluated by the NF-κB liciferase assay in HepG2 cells. Compounds 1, 9, 20, and 27 displayed potent NF-κB inhibitory effects, with IC50 values of 15.14 ± 2.29, 15.23 ± 2.34, 16.88 ± 2.17, and 16.25 ± 2.19 μM, respectively, whereas other compounds showed weak inhibition of NF-κB transcriptional activity ranging from 17.54 to 92.6 μM. A structure-activity relationship of flavonoids 1-9 was also discussed. The results obtained in this work might contribute to the understanding of pharmacological activities of E. ulmoides leaves and further investigation on its potential application values for food and drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Bai
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
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Cao W, Liu G, Fang T, Wu X, Jia G, Zhao H, Chen X, Wu C, Wang J, Cai J. Effects of spermine on the morphology, digestive enzyme activities, and antioxidant status of jejunum in suckling rats. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15793e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermine is a ubiquitous cellular component that plays vital roles in the maintenance of nucleic acids, regulation of kinase activities, protein synthesis, control of ion channel activities and renewal of the gut epithelium.
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Al-Harbi NO, Imam F, Nadeem A, Al-Harbi MM, Iqbal M, Ahmad SF. Carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rat is reversed by treatment with riboflavin. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 21:383-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Hepatoprotective effect of superfine particles of herbal medicine against CCl4-induced acute liver damage in rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:934732. [PMID: 25003132 PMCID: PMC4070578 DOI: 10.1155/2014/934732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the hepatoprotective effects of the superfine particles of Radix Tetrastigma (SPRT) against CCl4-induced acute liver damage in rats. Animals were treated with SPRT (0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 g/kg) and showed remarkable hepatoprotection against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. CCl4 altered various biochemical parameters in rat liver, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), histopathological changes, and Bax and caspase-3 expressions. SPRT significantly prevented increases in ALT and AST levels, reduced MDA level, decreased Bax and caspase-3 protein expression, enhanced SOD activity, and provided significant amelioration in the histopathological lesions. These findings suggested that SPRT has significant protective effect against acute hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4 in rats.
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