1
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Khan MA, Singh D, Fatma H, Akhtar K, Arjmand F, Maurya S, Siddique HR. Antiandrogen enzalutamide induced genetic, cellular, and hepatic damages: amelioration by triterpene Lupeol. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:380-391. [PMID: 35188013 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2040528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy is commonly used for the treatment of prostate cancer. Enzalutamide is a next-generation androgen receptor inhibitor, initially approved to treat castration-resistance prostate cancer. Lupeol, a triterpene present in various fruits, vegetables, has anti-oxidant and anti-proliferative activity. The present study aimed to evaluate the Enzalutamide-induced toxicity and its possible amelioration by Lupeol. We performed multiple in vitro and in vivo experiments to conclude our hypothesis. The results revealed that both Enzalutamide and Lupeol interact with DNA through electrostatic interactions. Enzalutamide (5-20 μM) caused cytotoxicity in both normal (PNT2) and cancer cells (LNCaP and 22Rv1). However, Lupeol (10-50 μM) specifically killed the cancer cells while sparing normal cells. The study further revealed that Lupeol could attenuate Enzalutamide-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity (chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus formation) to normal cells and potentially induce cytotoxicity to transformed cells. We further observed that Lupeol (40 mg/kg) mediated attenuation of the Enzalutamide (10 mg/kg) induced oxidative and DNA damages. Our study also revealed that Lupeol reverses the Enzalutamide-induced hepatic and renal damages. In conclusion, our study indicates that Lupeol can be used as an adjuvant for reducing the toxic effects and enhancing the effectiveness of Enzalutamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Khan
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Deepti Singh
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Homa Fatma
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | | | - Farruk Arjmand
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Santosh Maurya
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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2
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El-Harakeh M, Al-Ghadban S, Safi R. Medicinal Plants Towards Modeling Skin Cancer. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:148-161. [PMID: 33019926 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666201005103521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancer remains a major cause of mortality worldwide. It can be divided into melanoma and non-melanoma cancer, which comprise mainly squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. Although conventional therapies have ameliorated the management of skin cancer, the search for chemopreventive compounds is still the most effective and safer strategy to treat cancer. Nowadays, chemoprevention is recognized as a novel approach to prevent or inhibit carcinogenesis steps with the use of natural products. Crude extracts of plants and isolated phytocompounds are considered chemopreventive agents since they harbor anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-oncogenic properties against many types of diseases and cancers. In this review, we will discuss the therapeutic effect and preventive potential of selected medicinal plants used as crude extracts or as phytocompounds against melanoma and non-melanoma cutaneous cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad El-Harakeh
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sara Al-Ghadban
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Rémi Safi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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3
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Anticancer natural medicines: An overview of cell signaling and other targets of anticancer phytochemicals. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 888:173488. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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4
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Proshkina E, Shaposhnikov M, Moskalev A. Genome-Protecting Compounds as Potential Geroprotectors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4484. [PMID: 32599754 PMCID: PMC7350017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout life, organisms are exposed to various exogenous and endogenous factors that cause DNA damages and somatic mutations provoking genomic instability. At a young age, compensatory mechanisms of genome protection are activated to prevent phenotypic and functional changes. However, the increasing stress and age-related deterioration in the functioning of these mechanisms result in damage accumulation, overcoming the functional threshold. This leads to aging and the development of age-related diseases. There are several ways to counteract these changes: 1) prevention of DNA damage through stimulation of antioxidant and detoxification systems, as well as transition metal chelation; 2) regulation of DNA methylation, chromatin structure, non-coding RNA activity and prevention of nuclear architecture alterations; 3) improving DNA damage response and repair; 4) selective removal of damaged non-functional and senescent cells. In the article, we have reviewed data about the effects of various trace elements, vitamins, polyphenols, terpenes, and other phytochemicals, as well as a number of synthetic pharmacological substances in these ways. Most of the compounds demonstrate the geroprotective potential and increase the lifespan in model organisms. However, their genome-protecting effects are non-selective and often are conditioned by hormesis. Consequently, the development of selective drugs targeting genome protection is an advanced direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Proshkina
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Mikhail Shaposhnikov
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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de Carvalho FMDA, Schneider JK, de Jesus CVF, de Andrade LN, Amaral RG, David JM, Krause LC, Severino P, Soares CMF, Caramão Bastos E, Padilha FF, Gomes SVF, Capasso R, Santini A, Souto EB, de Albuquerque-Júnior RLC. Brazilian Red Propolis: Extracts Production, Physicochemical Characterization, and Cytotoxicity Profile for Antitumor Activity. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050726. [PMID: 32384801 PMCID: PMC7277404 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Brazilian red propolis has been proposed as a new source of compounds with cytotoxic activity. Red propolis is a resinous material of vegetal origin, synthesized from the bees of the Appis mellifera family, with recognized biological properties. To obtain actives of low polarity and high cytotoxic profile from red propolis, in this work, we proposed a new solvent accelerated extraction method. A complete 23 factorial design was carried out to evaluate the influence of the independent variables or factors (e.g., temperature, number of cycles, and extraction time) on the dependent variable or response (i.e., yield of production). The extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry for the identification of chemical compounds. Gas chromatography analysis revealed the presence of hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, ethers, and terpenes, such as lupeol, lupenone, and lupeol acetate, in most of the obtained extracts. To evaluate the cytotoxicity profile of the obtained bioactives, the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazole)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide colorimetric assay was performed in different tumor cell lines (HCT116 and PC3). The results show that the extract obtained from 70 °C and one cycle of extraction of 10 min exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity against the tested cell lines. The highest yield, however, did not indicate the highest cytotoxic activity, but the optimal extraction conditions were indeed dependent on the temperature (i.e., 70 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Mendes de Andrade de Carvalho
- Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil; (F.M.d.A.d.C.); (J.K.S.); (C.V.F.d.J.); (L.C.K.); (P.S.); (C.M.F.S.); (E.C.B.); (F.F.P.); (S.V.F.G.)
- Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Jaderson Kleveston Schneider
- Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil; (F.M.d.A.d.C.); (J.K.S.); (C.V.F.d.J.); (L.C.K.); (P.S.); (C.M.F.S.); (E.C.B.); (F.F.P.); (S.V.F.G.)
- Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Carla Viviane Freitas de Jesus
- Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil; (F.M.d.A.d.C.); (J.K.S.); (C.V.F.d.J.); (L.C.K.); (P.S.); (C.M.F.S.); (E.C.B.); (F.F.P.); (S.V.F.G.)
- Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Luciana Nalone de Andrade
- Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Avenida Marechal Rondon, São Cristovão 49100-000, Brazil; (L.N.d.A.); (R.G.A.)
| | - Ricardo Guimarães Amaral
- Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Avenida Marechal Rondon, São Cristovão 49100-000, Brazil; (L.N.d.A.); (R.G.A.)
| | | | - Laíza Canielas Krause
- Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil; (F.M.d.A.d.C.); (J.K.S.); (C.V.F.d.J.); (L.C.K.); (P.S.); (C.M.F.S.); (E.C.B.); (F.F.P.); (S.V.F.G.)
- Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Severino
- Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil; (F.M.d.A.d.C.); (J.K.S.); (C.V.F.d.J.); (L.C.K.); (P.S.); (C.M.F.S.); (E.C.B.); (F.F.P.); (S.V.F.G.)
- Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49032-490, Brazil
- Tiradentes Institute, 150 Mt Vernon St, Dorchester, MA 02125, USA
| | - Cleide Mara Faria Soares
- Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil; (F.M.d.A.d.C.); (J.K.S.); (C.V.F.d.J.); (L.C.K.); (P.S.); (C.M.F.S.); (E.C.B.); (F.F.P.); (S.V.F.G.)
- Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Elina Caramão Bastos
- Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil; (F.M.d.A.d.C.); (J.K.S.); (C.V.F.d.J.); (L.C.K.); (P.S.); (C.M.F.S.); (E.C.B.); (F.F.P.); (S.V.F.G.)
- Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Francine Ferreira Padilha
- Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil; (F.M.d.A.d.C.); (J.K.S.); (C.V.F.d.J.); (L.C.K.); (P.S.); (C.M.F.S.); (E.C.B.); (F.F.P.); (S.V.F.G.)
- Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Silvana Vieira Flores Gomes
- Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil; (F.M.d.A.d.C.); (J.K.S.); (C.V.F.d.J.); (L.C.K.); (P.S.); (C.M.F.S.); (E.C.B.); (F.F.P.); (S.V.F.G.)
- Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Eliana Barbosa Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Correspondence: (E.B.S.); (R.L.C.d.A.-J.)
| | - Ricardo Luiz Cavalcanti de Albuquerque-Júnior
- Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil; (F.M.d.A.d.C.); (J.K.S.); (C.V.F.d.J.); (L.C.K.); (P.S.); (C.M.F.S.); (E.C.B.); (F.F.P.); (S.V.F.G.)
- Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49032-490, Brazil
- Correspondence: (E.B.S.); (R.L.C.d.A.-J.)
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6
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Jung S, Shin J, Oh J, Enkhtaivan G, Lee SW, Gopal J, Sydara K, Saini RK, Keum YS, Oh JW. Cytotoxic and apoptotic potential of Phyllodium elegans extracts on human cancer cell lines. Bioengineered 2019; 10:501-512. [PMID: 31633448 PMCID: PMC6844383 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2019.1682110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The extract of Phyllodium (P.) elegans was investigated for its anti-cancer properties on brain astroglioma cells (U251-MG), colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT116), and malignant melanoma cells (A375). P. elegans methanolic extract (PeME) showed cytotoxicity on all three cancer cell lines tested. The cell viability assay revealed that PeME significantly reduced the viability of these cells. Clear apoptotic features such as cellular morphology, cell shrinkage, and augmentation of dead cells were observed. Flow cytometry and fluorescence staining techniques confirmed the apoptotic property of PeME. In vitro scratch invasion assay showed that cell migration rate was significantly reduced. Fluorescence microscopic studies using 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining showed early and late signs of apoptosis after PeME treatment. Upon PeME stimulation, activation of caspase-3/-9 and Mu-2-related death-inducing gene (MUDENG, MuD) was observed by western blot analysis. JC-1 staining analysis by flow cytometry showed that PeME depolarized the mitochondria membrane potential (MMP). Collectively, these findings, for the first time, point to the fact that PeME has anti-cancer properties against brain, colon, and skin cancer cell lines by depolarizing the MMP and activating apoptotic signaling through the activation of caspase-3/-9 as well as MuD. This is the first report reporting the anticancer activity of this specific plant extract.[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghwa Jung
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KIT, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juhyun Shin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KIT, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeongheon Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KIT, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gansukh Enkhtaivan
- Department of Bioresource and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Woo Lee
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Judy Gopal
- Department of Bioresource and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kongmany Sydara
- Ministry of Health, Institute of Traditional Medicine, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | | | - Young-Soo Keum
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KIT, Seoul, Korea
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Mai Y, Niu Z, He W, Lai X, Huang S, Zheng X. The Reparative Effect of Dendrobium officinale Protocorms against Photodamage Caused by UV-Irradiation in Hairless Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:728-735. [PMID: 31061314 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dendrobium officinale protocorms (DOPs) are a specific developmental stage of Dendrobium officinale KIMURA et MIGO, which is used in folk medicine to ease skin issues, such as wrinkles and erythema. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of DOPs on UV irradiation-induced skin damage in bc_nu hairless mice, using matrixyl as a positive control. Hairless mice were randomly separated into 6 groups (8 mice per group). The normal control group received solvent and was not exposed to UV irradiation, while the model control group received solvent and was exposed to UV irradiation. The positive control group was subjected to UV irradiation and then received a 10 mg/mL formulation of matrixyl. The DOPs-treated groups received a transdermal application of a DOPs formulation after 4 weeks of UV irradiation. Relevant indicators, such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), were then used to evaluate the ability of DOPs to repair photodamage. The results indicated that DOPs significantly reduced erythema and protected the skin from dryness and therefore exhibits a significant anti-photoaging effect. In addition, the expression of CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px increased while TBARS and MMPs levels decreased in DOPs-treated mice. This demonstrated that DOPs can inhibit photodamage in the skin of hairless mice. DOPs could be used as a potential therapeutic agent to protect the skin against UV-induced photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansui Mai
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Zheng Niu
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Wenda He
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Xiaoping Lai
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Song Huang
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Xiasheng Zheng
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
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8
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Das A, Masry MSE, Gnyawali SC, Ghatak S, Singh K, Stewart R, Lewis M, Saha A, Gordillo G, Khanna S. Skin Transcriptome of Middle-Aged Women Supplemented With Natural Herbo-mineral Shilajit Shows Induction of Microvascular and Extracellular Matrix Mechanisms. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 38:526-536. [PMID: 31161927 PMCID: PMC7027386 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2018.1564088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Shilajit is a pale-brown to blackish-brown organic mineral substance available from Himalayan rocks. We demonstrated that in type I obese humans, shilajit supplementation significantly upregulated extracellular matrix (ECM)-related genes in the skeletal muscle. Such an effect was highly synergistic with exercise. The present study (clinicaltrials.gov NCT02762032) aimed to evaluate the effects of shilajit supplementation on skin gene expression profile and microperfusion in healthy adult females. Methods: The study design comprised six total study visits including a baseline visit (V1) and a final 14-week visit (V6) following oral shilajit supplementation (125 or 250 mg bid). A skin biopsy of the left inner upper arm of each subject was collected at visit 2 and visit 6 for gene expression profiling using Affymetrix Clariom™ D Assay. Skin perfusion was determined by MATLAB processing of dermascopic images. Transcriptome data were normalized and subjected to statistical analysis. The differentially regulated genes were subjected to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA®). The expression of the differentially regulated genes identified by IPA® were verified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: Supplementation with shilajit for 14 weeks was not associated with any reported adverse effect within this period. At a higher dose (250 mg bid), shilajit improved skin perfusion when compared to baseline or the placebo. Pathway analysis identified shilajit-inducible genes relevant to endothelial cell migration, growth of blood vessels, and ECM which were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. Conclusions: This work provides maiden evidence demonstrating that oral shilajit supplementation in adult healthy women induced genes relevant to endothelial cell migration and growth of blood vessels. Shilajit supplementation improved skin microperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitava Das
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative
Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis,
IN
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner
Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mohamed S. El Masry
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative
Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis,
IN
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner
Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Zagazig
University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Surya C. Gnyawali
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner
Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Subhadip Ghatak
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner
Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Indiana University School of
Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Kanhaiya Singh
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative
Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis,
IN
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner
Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Richard Stewart
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner
Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Madeline Lewis
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner
Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Abhijoy Saha
- Department of Statistics, The Ohio State University,
Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gayle Gordillo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Indiana University School of
Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Ohio State University,
Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Savita Khanna
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner
Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Indiana University School of
Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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Mahmud I, Shahria N, Yeasmin S, Iqbal A, Mukul EH, Gain S, Shilpi JA, Islam MK. Ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological profile of a mangrove plant Ceriops Decandra GriffDin Hou. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 16:jcim-2017-0129. [PMID: 29933245 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2017-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ceriops decandra is a mangrove tree species, reputed for its folkloric uses in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, infection, snakebites, inflammation, and cancer. Different parts of the plant are rich with various phytoconstituents which include diterpenoids (ceriopsin A-G), triterpenoids (lupeol, α-amyrin, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid), and phenolics (catechin, procyanidins).These phytoconstituents and their derivatives could form a new basis for developing new drugs against various diseases. The objective of the present study is to compile the phytochemical, ethnobotanical, biological, and pharmacological significance of the plant to provide directions for future research to find out therapeutically active lead compounds for developing new drugs against diseases of current interest including diabetes, inflammation, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Mahmud
- Department of Pharmacy, Khwaja Yunus Ali University, Enayetpur, Sirajgonj, Bangladesh.,Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Naznin Shahria
- Department of Pharmacy, Khwaja Yunus Ali University, Enayetpur, Sirajgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Sabina Yeasmin
- Department of Pharmacy, Khwaja Yunus Ali University, Enayetpur, Sirajgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Asif Iqbal
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Emdadul Hasan Mukul
- Department of Pharmacy, Khwaja Yunus Ali University, Enayetpur, Sirajgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Sudipta Gain
- Department of Pharmacy, Khwaja Yunus Ali University, Enayetpur, Sirajgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Jamil Ahmad Shilpi
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md Khirul Islam
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh.,Department of Biochemistry, Division of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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11
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Ruiz-Rodríguez MA, Vedani A, Flores-Mireles AL, Cháirez-Ramírez MH, Gallegos-Infante JA, González-Laredo RF. In Silico Prediction of the Toxic Potential of Lupeol. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:1562-1571. [PMID: 28654752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Lupeol is a natural triterpenoid found in many plant species such as mango. This compound is the principal active component of many traditional herbal medicines. In the past decade, a considerable number of publications dealt with lupeol and its analogues due to the interest in their pharmacological activities against cancer, inflammation, arthritis, diabetes, and heart disease. To identify further potential applications of lupeol and its analogues, it is necessary to investigate their mechanisms of action, particularly their interaction with off-target proteins that may trigger adverse effects or toxicity. In this study, we simulated and quantified the interaction of lupeol and 11 of its analogues toward a series of 16 proteins known or suspected to trigger adverse effects employing the VirtualToxLab. This software provides a thermodynamic estimate of the binding affinity, and the results were challenged by molecular-dynamics simulations, which allow probing the kinetic stability of the underlying protein-ligand complexes. Our results indicate that there is a moderate toxic potential for lupeol and some of its analogues, by targeting and binding to nuclear receptors involved in fertility, which could trigger undesired adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A Ruiz-Rodríguez
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Tecnológico Nacional de México-Instituto Tecnológico de Durango , Boulevard Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., 34080 Durango, México.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Angelo Vedani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ana L Flores-Mireles
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine , Saint Louis, Missouri 63110-1093, United States
| | - Manuel H Cháirez-Ramírez
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Tecnológico Nacional de México-Instituto Tecnológico de Durango , Boulevard Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., 34080 Durango, México
| | - José A Gallegos-Infante
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Tecnológico Nacional de México-Instituto Tecnológico de Durango , Boulevard Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., 34080 Durango, México
| | - Rubén F González-Laredo
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Tecnológico Nacional de México-Instituto Tecnológico de Durango , Boulevard Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., 34080 Durango, México
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12
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Tsai FS, Lin LW, Wu CR. Lupeol and Its Role in Chronic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 929:145-175. [PMID: 27771924 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41342-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lupeol belongs to pentacyclic lupane-type triterpenes and exhibits in edible vegetables, fruits and many plants. Many researches indicated that lupeol possesses many beneficial pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-dyslipidemic and anti-mutagenic effects. From various disease-targeted animal models, these reports indicated that lupeol has anti-diabetic, anti-asthma, anti-arthritic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, neuroprotective and anticancer efficiency under various routes of administration such as topical, oral, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal and intravenous. It is worth mentioning that clinical trials of lupeol were performed to treat canine oral malignant melanoma and human moderate skin acne in Japan and Korea. The detailed mechanism of anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective and anticancer activities was further reviewed from published papers. These evidence indicate that lupeol is a multi-target agent to exert diverse pharmacological potency with many potential targeting proteins such as α-glucosidase, α-amylase, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP 1B) and TCA cycle enzymes and targeting pathway such as IL-1 receptor-associated kinase-mediated toll-like receptor 4 (IRAK-TLR4), Bcl-2 family, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3-K)/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. This review also provides suggestion that lupeol might be a valuable and potential lead compound to develop as anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective and anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Shiu Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicines for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Lin
- School of Chinese Medicines for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Rei Wu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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Ohiri RC. GC/MS analysis of Tremella fuciformis (White jelly mushrooms) oil. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj89.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Singh P, Arora D, Shukla Y. Enhanced chemoprevention by the combined treatment of pterostilbene and lupeol in B[a]P-induced mouse skin tumorigenesis. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 99:182-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Srivastava AK, Mishra S, Ali W, Shukla Y. Protective effects of lupeol against mancozeb-induced genotoxicity in cultured human lymphocytes. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:714-724. [PMID: 27235710 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lup-20(29)-en-3H-ol (Lupeol), a dietary pentacyclic triterpenoid has been shown to possess multiple medicinal activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-carcinogenic effects. Mancozeb is a widely used broad-spectrum fungicide with well-known carcinogenic hazards in rodents. PURPOSE The present study has been designed to investigate the protective effects of lupeol against mancozeb-induced genotoxicity and apoptosis in cultured human lymphocytes (CHLs). METHODS The genotoxic effect of mancozeb was evaluated by chromosomal aberration and micronucleus assays. The cell cycle kinetics and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was measured by flow cytometry. The levels of anti-oxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were estimated by enzymatic assays. The localization of p65NF-κB was measured by immunocytochemical analysis. The differential expression of genes associated with genotoxicity was measured by qRT-PCR. RESULTS Mancozeb exposure (5µg/ml) for 24h caused significant induction of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and micronuclei (MN) formation in CHLs. Pre-and post-treatment (25 and 50µg/ml) of lupeol for 24h significantly (p<0.05) reduced the frequency of CAs and MN induction, in a dose-dependent manner in mancozeb treated CHLs. Concomitantly, lupeol pre-treatment for 24h significantly increased the levels of anti-oxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase and decreased ROS generation and LPO. Additionally, lupeol pre-treatment significantly reduced mancozeb-induced apoptosis as shown by Sub-G1 peak analysis and annexin V-PI assay, in a dose dependent manner. Moreover, pre-treatment with lupeol attenuated mancozeb-induced NF-κB activation in CHLs. Furthermore, the results of qRT-PCR showed that lupeol pre-treatment significantly (p<0.05) decreased mancozeb-induced expression of DNA damage (p53, MDM2, COX-2, GADD45α and p21) and increased expression of DNA repair responsive genes (hOGG1 and XRCC1) in CHLs. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings suggest that lupeol could attenuate mancozeb-induced oxidative stress, which in turn could inhibit NF-κB activation and thus provide protection against mancozeb-induced genotoxicity and apoptosis. So, lupeol could be used as a potent anti-oxidant regimen against pesticide induced genotoxicity in agricultural farm workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Srivastava
- Proteomics & Environmental Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Mishra
- Proteomics & Environmental Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Wahid Ali
- Department of Pathology, Chatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University, Lucknow Chowk, Lucknow U.P. India- 226003
| | - Yogeshwer Shukla
- Proteomics & Environmental Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Chaudhary S, Devkar RA, Bhere D, Setty MM, Pai KSR. Selective Cytotoxicity and Pro-apoptotic Activity of Stem Bark of Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) R. Br. in Cancerous Cells. Pharmacogn Mag 2016; 11:S481-7. [PMID: 26929585 PMCID: PMC4745221 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.168976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) R. Br. is a widely available shrub in India used traditionally in various ailments, including cancer. However, the anticancer activity of the bioactive fractions has not been validated scientifically. OBJECTIVE To investigate the anticancer potential of stem bark of W. tinctoria and establish its phytochemical basis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ethanol extract and subsequent fractions, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and aqueous were prepared by standard methods. In vitro cytotoxicity was determined in MCF-7 (breast) and HeLa (cervical) adenocarcinoma cells, and V79 (nontumor fibroblast) cells and apoptogenic activity in MCF-7 cells by acridine orange (AO)/ethidium bromide (EB) staining. Additionally, the antioxidant potential was evaluated using suitable methods. High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis was performed for identification of active phytoconstituents. RESULTS Petroleum ether and ethyl acetate fractions were most potent with IC50 values of 37.78 and 29.69 μg/ml in HeLa and 31.56 and 32.63 μg/ml in MCF-7 cells respectively in the sulforhodamine B assay. Comparable results were obtained in HeLa cells in 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and interestingly, the fractions were found to be safe to noncancerous fibroblast cells. Both fractions induced significant (P < 0.05) apoptotic morphological changes observed by AO/EB staining. Moreover, extract/fractions exhibited excellent inhibition of lipid peroxidation with the ethyl acetate fraction being most active (IC50:23.40 μg/ml). HPTLC confirmed the presence of two anti-cancer triterpenoids, lupeol, and β-sitosterol in active fractions. CONCLUSION Extract/fractions of W. tinctoria exhibit selective cytotoxicity against cancerous cells that is mediated by apoptosis. Fractions are less toxic to noncancerous cells; hence, they can be developed as safer chemopreventive agents. SUMMARY Petroleum ether and ethyl acetate fractions were most active and exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity in HeLa and MCF-7 cells.Fractions were relatively less toxic to non-tumor fibroblast cells demonstrating its selectivity to cancer cells.Fractions exhibited pro-apoptotic activity in MCF-7 cells in AO/EB staining.Lupeol and β-sitosterol were identified as anticancer constituents by HPTLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpee Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Raviraj Anand Devkar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepak Bhere
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Manganahalli Manjunath Setty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Fardin K, Young M. Antifungal potential of Avicennia schaueriana
Stapf & Leech. (Acanthaceae) against Cladosporium
and Colletotrichum
species. Lett Appl Microbiol 2015; 61:50-7. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K.M. Fardin
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Fisiologia e Bioquímica; Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - M.C.M. Young
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Fisiologia e Bioquímica; Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
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Chaudhary S, Chandrashekar KS, Pai KSR, Setty MM, Devkar RA, Reddy ND, Shoja MH. Evaluation of antioxidant and anticancer activity of extract and fractions of Nardostachys jatamansi DC in breast carcinoma. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:50. [PMID: 25886964 PMCID: PMC4364107 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0563-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Nardostachys jatamansi DC is a Himalayan medicinal herb that has been described in various traditional systems of medicine for its use in cancer. In view of its traditional claims, and chemical constituents, antioxidant and anticancer activities were evaluated in breast carcinoma. Methods Petroleum ether (NJPE), methanol extract (NJM) and subsequent diethyl ether (NJDE), ethyl acetate (NJEA) and aqueous (NJAQ) fractions of roots and rhizomes of N. jatamansi were prepared. Total phenolic, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activities were determined using suitable methods. Antiproliferative activity was assessed in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive (MCF-7) and ER-negative breast carcinoma (MDA-MB-231) cells by MTT and SRB assay. Cell cycle analysis, Hoechst staining, and clonogenic assay were employed to determine the mode of antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activity in MDA-MB-231 cells. Results NJM/fractions exhibited prominent antioxidant activity with significant correlation between phenolic content and ABTS (IC50) scavenging (R = −0.9680, P < 0.05), and total antioxidant capacity (R = 0.8396, P > 0.05). In MTT assay, NJM exhibited the highest antiproliferative activity (IC50: 58.01 ± 6.13 and 23.83 ± 0.69 μg/mL in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 respectively). Among the fractions, NJPE and NJDE were found to be most potent in MCF-7 (IC50: 60.59 ± 4.78 μg/mL) and MDA-MB-231 (IC50: 25.04 ± 0.90 μg/mL) cells respectively. Statistical analyses revealed NJM and NJDE exhibited significantly higher (P < 0.05) cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 cells. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that NJM, NJPE and NJEA caused G2/M arrest while NJDE caused G0/G1 phase arrest in MDA-MB-231 cells. Further, NJM/fractions induced significant (P < 0.001) cell death by apoptosis characterized by apoptotic morphological changes in Hoechst staining and inhibited long-term proliferation (P < 0.001) of MDA-MB-231 cells in clonogenic assay. Lupeol and β-sitosterol were identified as anticancer principles in NJM/fractions by HPTLC. Conclusion Our results suggest that NJM/fractions possess significant antiproliferative potential which is mediated through cell cycle perturbation and pro-apoptotic effects in MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, this study highlights the antioxidant potential of NJM/fractions which can be attributed to the presence of phenols. NJDE emerged as the most potent fraction and further mechanistic and phytochemical investigations are under way to identify the active principles.
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Saiful Yazan L, Armania N. Dillenia species: A review of the traditional uses, active constituents and pharmacological properties from pre-clinical studies. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:890-897. [PMID: 24766363 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.872672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Dillenia (Dilleniaceae) is a genus of about 100 species of flowering plants in tropical and subtropical trees of Southern Asia, Australasia, and the Indian Ocean Islands. Until now, only eight Dillenia species have been reported to be used traditionally in different countries for various medical purposes. Out of eight species, D. pentagyna (Roxb), D. indica (Linn.) and D. suffruticosa (Griffith Ex. Hook. F. & Thomsom Martelli) have been reported to be used to treat cancerous growth. OBJECTIVE The present review explored and provided information on the therapeutic potential of Dillenia species. METHODS Comprehensive and relevant literature on the therapeutic potential of Dillenia species was gathered through electronic databases including Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and books, without limiting the dates of publication. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The review demonstrated that only a few Dillenia species have been proven scientifically for their therapeutic potential in pre-clinical studies, including D. pentagyna, D. indica, D. papuana (Martelli), D. meliosmifolia (Hook. F. Ex. Thomsom) and D. suffruticosa (Griffith Ex Hook. F. & Thomson). A few species of Dillenia have undergone isolation and characterization of compounds with lupeol and betulinic acids having tremendous pharmacological potential. Dillenia species warrant further studies on their therapeutic potential, which may eventually lead to the development of new drug candidates for treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifah Saiful Yazan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Selangor , Malaysia and
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Singh M, Suman S, Shukla Y. New Enlightenment of Skin Cancer Chemoprevention through Phytochemicals: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies and the Underlying Mechanisms. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:243452. [PMID: 24757666 PMCID: PMC3976810 DOI: 10.1155/2014/243452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Skin cancer is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Skin overexposure to ultraviolet irradiations, chemicals, and several viruses has a capability to cause severe skin-related disorders including immunosuppression and skin cancer. These factors act in sequence at various steps of skin carcinogenesis via initiation, promotion, and/or progression. These days cancer chemoprevention is recognized as the most hopeful and novel approach to prevent, inhibit, or reverse the processes of carcinogenesis by intervention with natural products. Phytochemicals have antioxidant, antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, and carcinogen detoxification capabilities thereby considered as efficient chemopreventive agents. Considerable efforts have been done to identify the phytochemicals which may possibly act on one or several molecular targets that modulate cellular processes such as inflammation, immunity, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. Till date several phytochemicals in the light of chemoprevention have been studied by using suitable skin carcinogenic in vitro and in vivo models and proven as beneficial for prevention of skin cancer. This revision presents a comprehensive knowledge and the main molecular mechanisms of actions of various phytochemicals in the chemoprevention of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhulika Singh
- Proteomics Laboratory, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, P.O. Box 80, M. G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Shankar Suman
- Proteomics Laboratory, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, P.O. Box 80, M. G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Yogeshwer Shukla
- Proteomics Laboratory, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, P.O. Box 80, M. G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
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Aristimuño Ficoseco M, Vattuone M, Audenaert K, Catalán C, Sampietro D. Antifungal and antimycotoxigenic metabolites in Anacardiaceae species from northwest Argentina: isolation, identification and potential for control of Fusarium
species. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 116:1262-73. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.E. Aristimuño Ficoseco
- LABIFITO; Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; San Miguel de Tucumán Argentina
- INQUINOA - CONICET; Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; San Miguel de Tucumán Argentina
| | - M.A. Vattuone
- LABIFITO; Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; San Miguel de Tucumán Argentina
| | - K. Audenaert
- Department of Applied BioSciences; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Gent Belgium
| | - C.A.N. Catalán
- INQUINOA - CONICET; Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; San Miguel de Tucumán Argentina
| | - D.A. Sampietro
- LABIFITO; Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; San Miguel de Tucumán Argentina
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Fasoli E, Righetti PG. The peel and pulp of mango fruit: A proteomic samba. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:2539-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Kumar N, Kale RK, Tiku AB. Chemopreventive effect of Lagenaria siceraria in two stages DMBA plus croton oil induced skin papillomagenesis. Nutr Cancer 2013; 65:991-1001. [PMID: 23914728 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.814800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer chemoprevention is a dietary or therapeutic strategy to prevent, suppress, or delay carcinogenesis either at initiation or progression level with nontoxic agents. Use of natural dietary compounds has been a major chemopreventive approach to modulate tumorigenic pathways. In the present study, we have evaluated Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd), a common vegetable of Indian household for its chemomodulatory potential. The fruit has been used in traditional medicine for a very long time for health benefits and to cure pain, ulcers, fever, cough, asthma, and other bronchial disorders. However, despite its reported beneficial effect the chemo modulatory potential of this plant has not been reported. Therefore chemopreventive effect of bottle gourd juice (BGJ) was studied against 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) plus croton oil induced skin papillomagenesis in Swiss albino mice. The effect was studied both at antiinitiation and antiinitiation/promotion level followed by histopathological study. A dose of 2.5% and 5% given in drinking water showed significant decrease in papilloma number, papilloma incidence, papilloma multiplicity, papilloma latency, papilloma volume, and papilloma size in different size range. Histopathological study showed chemopreventive effect by minimizing loss of stratification, a decrease in number of epithelial layers, reducing dermal infiltration and protection for various cytoplasmic changes. Higher dose of BGJ was found to be more effective than lower dose and the chemopreventive effect was maximum for antiinitiation/promotion treatment. Altogether, this study reports the chemopreventive effect of Lagenaria siceraria on skin papillomagenesis for the first time and suggests that its consumption may help in suppression of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Kumar
- a School of Life Sciences , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi , India
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Srivastava AK, Bhatnagar P, Singh M, Mishra S, Kumar P, Shukla Y, Gupta KC. Synthesis of PLGA nanoparticles of tea polyphenols and their strong in vivo protective effect against chemically induced DNA damage. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:1451-62. [PMID: 23717041 PMCID: PMC3663489 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s26364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of proficient results of several phytochemicals in preclinical settings, the conversion rate from bench to bedside is not very encouraging. Many reasons are attributed to this limited success, including inefficient systemic delivery and bioavailability under in vivo conditions. To achieve improved efficacy, polyphenolic constituents of black (theaflavin [TF]) and green (epigallocatechin-3-gallate [EGCG]) tea in poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (PLGA-NPs) were entrapped with entrapment efficacy of ~18% and 26%, respectively. Further, their preventive potential against 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)-induced DNA damage in mouse skin using DNA alkaline unwinding assay was evaluated. Pretreatment (topically) of mouse skin with either TF or EGCG (100 μg/mouse) doses exhibits protection of 45.34% and 28.32%, respectively, against DMBA-induced DNA damage. However, pretreatment with TF-loaded PLGA-NPs protects against DNA damage 64.41% by 1/20th dose of bulk, 71.79% by 1/10th dose of bulk, and 72.46% by 1/5th dose of bulk. Similarly, 51.28% (1/20th of bulk), 57.63% (1/10th of bulk), and 63.14% (1/5th of bulk) prevention was noted using EGCG-loaded PLGA-NP doses. These results showed that tea polyphenol-loaded PLGA-NPs have ~30-fold dose-advantage than bulk TF or EGCG doses. Additionally, TF- or EGCG-loaded PLGA-NPs showed significant potential for induction of DNA repair genes (XRCC1, XRCC3, and ERCC3) and suppression of DNA damage responsive genes (p53, p21, MDM2, GADD45α, and COX-2) as compared with respective bulk TF or EGCG doses. Taken together, TF- or EGCG-loaded PLGA-NPs showed a superior ability to prevent DMBA-induced DNA damage at much lower concentrations, thus opening a new dimension in chemoprevention research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Srivastava
- Proteomics Laboratory, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR), Lucknow, India
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Lupeol, A Bioactive Triterpene, Prevents Tumor Formation During 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene Induced Oral Carcinogenesis. Pathol Oncol Res 2012; 18:1029-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-012-9541-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Baliga MS. Review of the phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological properties of Alstonia Scholaris Linn. R. Br (Saptaparna). Chin J Integr Med 2012. [PMID: 22457172 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-011-0947-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of ethnornedical information has immensely contributed to health care, and scientific studies have shown that the evaluation of traditionally used medicines may provide leads towards effective drug discovery. Since antiquity, Alstonia scholaris connmonly known as devil's tree has been used for the treatment of many human ailments. Literature suggests that Alstonia scholaris is useful in treating malaria, abdominal disorders, dyspepsia, leprosy, skin diseases, tumors, chronic and foul ulcers, asthma, bronchitis, helminthiasis, agalactia, and debility. Preclinical studies have shown that it possesses anti-microbial, anti-diarrhoeal, anti-plasmodial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory hepatoprotective, nootrophic, anti-stress, anti-fertility, immunomodulatory, analgesic, anti-ulcer, wound healing, anti-cancer, chemopreventive, radiation protection, radiation sensitization, and chemosensitization activities. The diverse pharmacological observations are supposed to be due to the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids and phenolic acids. The bark and leaf extract when administered orally did not induce lethality or adverse affects at the limit doses of 2 000 mg/kg body weight. However when administered intraperitoneally at high concentrations, the extract showed systemic and developmental toxicities. This review addresses the experimentally authenticated facts and also suggests the need for research on chemical and pharmacological properties of Alstonia scholaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjeshwar Shrinath Baliga
- Department of Research and Development, Father Muller Medical College, Father Muller Hospital Road, Kankanady, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575002, India,
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Srivastava AK, Srivastava PK, Al-Khedhairy AA, Musarrat J, Shukla Y. Allethrin-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in Swiss albino mice. Mutat Res 2012; 747:22-28. [PMID: 22475934 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Allethrin (C(19)H(26)O(3)) is non-cyano-containing pyrethroid insecticide that is used extensively for controlling flies and mosquitoes. Apart from its neurotoxic effects in non-target species, allethrin is reported to be mutagenic in bacterial systems. In this study, we observed oxidative damage-mediated genotoxicity caused by allethrin in Swiss albino mice. The genotoxic potential of allethrin was evaluated using chromosome aberrations (CAs) and a micronuclei (MN) induction assay as genetic end-points. The oral intubation of allethrin (25 and 50mg/kg b.wt.) significantly induces CAs and MN in mouse bone marrow cells. The DNA-damaging potential of allethrin was estimated in mouse liver using the DNA alkaline unwinding assay (DAUA) and by measuring the levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxy-guanosine (8-OH-dG). Furthermore, a dose-dependent increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid peroxidation (LPO), with a concurrent decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, confirm its pro-oxidant potential. The DNA-damaging potential of allethrin was found to be mediated through the modulation of p53, p21, GADD45α and MDM-2. These results confirm the genotoxic and the pro-oxidant potential of allethrin in Swiss albino mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Srivastava
- Proteomics Laboratory, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR), P.O. Box 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, UP, India; Department of Biochemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India
| | | | | | - Javed Musarrat
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yogeshwer Shukla
- Proteomics Laboratory, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR), P.O. Box 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, UP, India.
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Tarapore RS, Siddiqui IA, Mukhtar H. Modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by bioactive food components. Carcinogenesis 2011; 33:483-91. [PMID: 22198211 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, one of the most conserved intercellular signaling cascade, is a known regulator of cellular functions related to tumor initiation and progression, cell proliferation, differentiation, survival and adhesion. Because aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been observed in a variety of human cancers including a majority of colorectal cancers, about half of prostate cancers and a third of melanomas, inhibitors of its complex signaling pathways are being investigated for therapy as well as chemoprevention of these cancers. During the last decade, several naturally occurring dietary agents have been shown to target intermediates in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In this review, we highlight the current understanding of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and present an analysis of the key findings from laboratory studies on the effects of a panel of dietary agents against a variety of cancers. Promise of these agents for treating and preventing human cancer is then discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohinton S Tarapore
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Medical Sciences Center, #B-25, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Wang D, Han L, Guo Z. Quinone Reductase Inducing Activity of the Dichloromethane/Ethanol Extract of the Roots of Pulsatilla Chinensis. Nat Prod Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100600613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Agents with phase II enzyme inducing activities play important roles in intervening in the carcinogenic process. In the present study, the quinone reductase (QR) inducing activities of nine known triterpene saponins from the dichloromethane/ethanol extract of the roots of Pulsatilla chinensis were tested. The oleanane saponins exhibited more potent QR inducing activities than the lupane saponins, and the CD value of the compound with the most potent QR inducing activity was 1.1 μM. The chemopreventive activity of the dichloromethane/ethanol extract was also evaluated using the DMBA-induced mice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Zhejiang Institute for Drug Control, Hangzhou 310004, China
| | - Ling Han
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zengjun Guo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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Tarapore RS, Siddiqui IA, Saleem M, Adhami VM, Spiegelman VS, Mukhtar H. Specific targeting of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in human melanoma cells by a dietary triterpene lupeol. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31:1844-53. [PMID: 20732907 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Wingless (Wnt) signaling pathway regulates a variety of cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, survival, apoptosis and cell motility. Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway has been observed in approximately one-third of melanomas and this subset has very poor prognosis suggesting that targeting Wnt signaling could be a promising strategy against this subtype. Mel 928 and Mel 1241 melanoma cells representative of cells with constitutive activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and Mel 1011 representative of cells that lack this pathway were treated with a dietary triterpene lupeol and its effects on growth, proliferation, β-catenin transcriptional activity and Wnt target genes were determined both in vitro and in vivo. Lupeol treatment to Mel 928 and Mel 1241 but not Mel 1011 cells resulted in a dose-dependent (i) decrease in cell viability, (ii) induction of apoptosis, (iii) decrease in colonogenic potential, (iv) decrease in β-catenin transcriptional activity and (v) decrease in the expression of Wnt target genes. Most importantly, lupeol restricted the translocation of β-catenin from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Lupeol also decreased the growth of Mel 928 but not Mel 1011-derived tumors implanted in the athymic nude mice. The decrease in Mel 928-derived tumor growth was associated with a decrease in the expression of Wnt target genes c-myc, cyclin D1, proliferation markers proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki-67 and invasion marker osteopontin. We suggest that lupeol alone or as an adjuvant to current therapies could be developed as an agent for the management of human melanomas harboring constitutive Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohinton S Tarapore
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Manjeshwar Shrinath Baliga. Alstonia scholaris Linn R Br in the treatment and prevention of cancer: past, present, and future. Integr Cancer Ther 2010; 9:261-9. [PMID: 20702494 DOI: 10.1177/1534735410376068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alstonia scholaris, commonly known as devil's tree, is an important medicinal plant in the various folk and traditional systems of medicine in Asia, Australia, and Africa. The decoction, mostly prepared from the bark, is used to treat a variety of diseases of which the most important is malaria. Furthermore, ethnomedicinal practices also suggest it to be of use in treating cancer, and preclinical studies performed with cultured neoplastic cells and tumor-bearing animals having validated these observations. Additionally, the phytochemicals like echitamine, alstonine, pleiocarpamine, O-methylmacralstonine, macralstonine, and lupeol are also reported to possess antineoplastic effects. In addition to the cytotoxic effects, A scholaris is also observed to possess radiomodulatory, chemomodulatory, and chemopreventive effects and free-radical scavenging, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, and immunomodulatory activities, all of which are properties efficacious in the treatment and prevention of cancer. The current review for the first time summarizes the results related to these properties. An attempt is also made to address the lacunae in these published studies and emphasize aspects that need further investigations for it to be of use in clinics in the future.
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George J, Prasad S, Mahmood Z, Shukla Y. Studies on glyphosate-induced carcinogenicity in mouse skin: a proteomic approach. J Proteomics 2010; 73:951-64. [PMID: 20045496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2009.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Revised: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate is a widely used broad spectrum herbicide, reported to induce various toxic effects in non-target species, but its carcinogenic potential is still unknown. Here we showed the carcinogenic effects of glyphosate using 2-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis model and proteomic analysis. Carcinogenicity study revealed that glyphosate has tumor promoting activity. Proteomic analysis using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry showed that 22 spots were differentially expressed (>2 fold) on glyphosate, 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) application over untreated control. Among them, 9 proteins (translation elongation factor eEF-1 alpha chain, carbonic anhydrase III, annexin II, calcyclin, fab fragment anti-VEGF antibody, peroxiredoxin-2, superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn], stefin A3, and calgranulin-B) were common and showed similar expression pattern in glyphosate and TPA-treated mouse skin. These proteins are known to be involved in several key processes like apoptosis and growth-inhibition, anti-oxidant responses, etc. The up-regulation of calcyclin, calgranulin-B and down-regulation of superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] was further confirmed by immunoblotting, indicating that these proteins can be good candidate biomarkers for skin carcinogenesis induced by glyphosate. Altogether, these results suggested that glyphosate has tumor promoting potential in skin carcinogenesis and its mechanism seems to be similar to TPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine George
- Proteomics Laboratory, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR), Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001 UP, India
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Azadmard-Damirchi S. Review of the use of phytosterols as a detection tool for adulteration of olive oil with hazelnut oil. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2010; 27:1-10. [DOI: 10.1080/02652030903225773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kuo RY, Qian K, Morris-Natschke SL, Lee KH. Plant-derived triterpenoids and analogues as antitumor and anti-HIV agents. Nat Prod Rep 2009; 26:1321-44. [PMID: 19779642 DOI: 10.1039/b810774m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Reen-Yen Kuo
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7568, USA
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Lupeol, a novel anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer dietary triterpene. Cancer Lett 2009; 285:109-15. [PMID: 19464787 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Revised: 04/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the Western world, an average of 250 mg per day of triterpenes (member of phytosterol family), largely derived from vegetable oils, cereals, fruits and vegetables is consumed by humans. During the last decade, there has been an unprecedented escalation of interest in triterpenes due to their cholesterol-lowering properties and evidence of this phenomenon include at least 25 clinical studies, 20 patents and at least 10 major commercially triterpene-based products currently being sold all around the world. Lupeol a triterpene (also known as Fagarsterol) found in white cabbage, green pepper, strawberry, olive, mangoes and grapes was reported to possess beneficial effects as a therapeutic and preventive agent for a range of disorders. Last 15 years have seen tremendous efforts by researchers worldwide to develop this wonderful molecule for its clinical use for the treatment of variety of disorders. These studies also provide insight into the mechanism of action of Lupeol and suggest that it is a multi-target agent with immense anti-inflammatory potential targeting key molecular pathways which involve nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB), cFLIP, Fas, Kras, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and Wnt/beta-catenin in a variety of cells. It is noteworthy that Lupeol at its effective therapeutic doses exhibit no toxicity to normal cells and tissues. This mini review provides detailed account of preclinical studies conducted to determine the utility of Lupeol as a therapeutic and chemopreventive agent for the treatment of inflammation and cancer.
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Lupeol induces p53 and cyclin-B-mediated G2/M arrest and targets apoptosis through activation of caspase in mouse skin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 381:253-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Bhui K, Prasad S, George J, Shukla Y. Bromelain inhibits COX-2 expression by blocking the activation of MAPK regulated NF-kappa B against skin tumor-initiation triggering mitochondrial death pathway. Cancer Lett 2009; 282:167-76. [PMID: 19339108 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Revised: 03/04/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemoprevention impels the pursuit for either single targeted or cocktail of multi-targeted agents. Bromelain, potential agent in this regard, is a pharmacologically active compound, present in stems and fruits of pineapple (Ananas cosmosus), endowed with anti-inflammatory, anti-invasive and anti-metastatic properties. Herein, we report the anti tumor-initiating effects of bromelain in 2-stage mouse skin tumorigenesis model. Pre-treatment of bromelain resulted in reduction in cumulative number of tumors (CNT) and average number of tumors per mouse. Preventive effect was also comprehended in terms of reduction in tumor volume up to a tune of approximately 65%. Components of the cell signaling pathways, connecting proteins involved in cell death were targeted. Bromelain treatment resulted in upregulation of p53 and Bax and subsequent activation of caspase 3 and caspase 9 with concomitant decrease in Bcl-2. A marked inhibition in cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) expression and inactivation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) was recorded, as phosphorylation and consequent degradation of I kappa B alpha was blocked by bromelain. Also, bromelain treatment curtailed extracellular signal regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Akt activity. The basis of anti tumor-initiating activity of bromelain was revealed by its time dependent reduction in DNA nick formation and increase in percentage prevention. Thus, modulation of inappropriate cell signaling cascades driven by bromelain is a coherent approach in achieving chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulpreet Bhui
- Proteomics Laboratory, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR), P.O. Box 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
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Prasad S, Kumar Yadav V, Srivastava S, Shukla Y. Protective effects of lupeol against benzo[a]pyrene induced clastogenicity in mouse bone marrow cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2008; 52:1117-20. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200700420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Chaturvedi PK, Bhui K, Shukla Y. Lupeol: connotations for chemoprevention. Cancer Lett 2008; 263:1-13. [PMID: 18359153 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2007] [Revised: 01/19/2008] [Accepted: 01/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The perception of chemoprevention lies still in its infancy. Intervention, to slow down, arrest or reverse the process of carcinogenesis, by the use of either natural or synthetic substances individually or in combination therapy has emerged as a promising and pragmatic medical approach to reduce cancer risk. Pentacyclic lupane-type triterpenes exemplified by lupeol [lup-20(29)-en-3b-ol], are principally found in common fruit plants such as olive, mango, fig, etc. Although, lupeol exhibits an array of biological activities like anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, anti-mutagenic and anti-malarial activity both in in vitro and in vivo systems yet, extensive exploration in regard to establish its role as chemopreventive compound is warranted. Interest in developing lupeol based potent anti-neoplastic agents, has led to the discovery of a host of highly active derivatives exhibiting greater potencies and better therapeutic indices. This review asserts on the chemopreventive prospects of lupeol and reveals potential chemoprevention drug targets, central to which are the cell cycle regulatory pathway genes and tries to explain the mechanism operating behind its action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav K Chaturvedi
- Proteomics Laboratory, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, P.O. Box 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
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