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Hua X, Hong HJ, Zhang DY, Liu Q, Leong F, Yang Q, Hu YJ, Chen XJ. Rapid Screening of Lipase Inhibitors from Ophiopogonis Radix Using High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography by Two Step Gradient Elution Combined with Bioautographic Method. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041155. [PMID: 35208944 PMCID: PMC8878968 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method by two step gradient elution with two mobile phases was developed for the simultaneous analysis of seven constituents in Ophiopogonis Radix. The chromatography was performed on silica gel 60 F254 plate with dichloromethane-methanol-ethyl acetate-water (70:25:12:3, v/v/v/v) and dichloromethane-methanol (300:1, v/v) as the mobile phase for two step gradient elution. Then, the HPTLC profiles were observed after derivatization with 10% sulfuric acid in ethanol solution. The obtained HPTLC images were further analyzed by chemometric approaches and the samples could be clustered based on regions and/or growth years, which were two important factors affecting the constituents in Ophiopogonis Radix. Furthermore, five compounds including ophiopogonin D, ophiopojaponin C, ophiopogonin D’, ophiopogonin C’ and methylophiopogonanone B were screened as potential lipase inhibitors from Ophiopogonis Radix by the HPTLC-bioautographic method. The binding modes and interactions between the five compounds and lipase were further explored by molecular docking analysis. The developed HPTLC method could be used for quality control of Ophiopogonis Radix and screening of the potential lipase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Hua
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China; (X.H.); (H.-J.H.); (D.-Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (F.L.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Hui-Jie Hong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China; (X.H.); (H.-J.H.); (D.-Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (F.L.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Dai-Yan Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China; (X.H.); (H.-J.H.); (D.-Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (F.L.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Qiao Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China; (X.H.); (H.-J.H.); (D.-Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (F.L.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Fong Leong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China; (X.H.); (H.-J.H.); (D.-Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (F.L.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Qi Yang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China; (X.H.); (H.-J.H.); (D.-Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (F.L.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Yuan-Jia Hu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China; (X.H.); (H.-J.H.); (D.-Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (F.L.); (Q.Y.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-J.H.); (X.-J.C.); Tel.: +853-88228507 (Y.-J.H.); +853-88224915 (X.-J.C.)
| | - Xiao-Jia Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China; (X.H.); (H.-J.H.); (D.-Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (F.L.); (Q.Y.)
- Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai 519031, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-J.H.); (X.-J.C.); Tel.: +853-88228507 (Y.-J.H.); +853-88224915 (X.-J.C.)
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Madia VN, De Vita D, Messore A, Toniolo C, Tudino V, De Leo A, Pindinello I, Ialongo D, Saccoliti F, D’Ursi AM, Grimaldi M, Ceccobelli P, Scipione L, Di Santo R, Costi R. Analytical Characterization of an Inulin-Type Fructooligosaccharide from Root-Tubers of Asphodelusramosus L. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030278. [PMID: 33808608 PMCID: PMC8003451 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based systems continue to play a pivotal role in healthcare, and their use has been extensively documented. Asphodelus L. is a genus comprising various herbaceous species, known by the trivial name Asphodelus. These plants have been known since antiquity for both food and therapeutic uses, especially for treating several diseases associated with inflammatory and infectious skin disorders. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of different constituents, mainly anthraquinones, triterpenoids, phenolic acids, and flavonoids. Although extensive literature has been published on these constituents, a paucity of information has been reported regarding the carbohydrate composition, such as fructans and fructan-like derivatives. The extraction of water-soluble neutral polysaccharides is commonly performed using water extraction, at times assisted by microwaves and ultrasounds. Herein, we reported the investigation of the alkaline extraction of root-tubers of Asphodelus ramosus L., analyzing the water-soluble polysaccharides obtained by precipitation from the alkaline extract and its subsequent purification by chromatography. A polysaccharide was isolated by alkaline extraction; the HPTLC study to determine its composition showed fructose as the main monosaccharide. FT-IR analysis showed the presence of an inulin-type structure, and NMR analyses allowed us to conclude that A. ramosus roots contain polysaccharide with an inulin-type fructooligosaccharide with a degree of polymerization of 7–8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Noemi Madia
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.N.M.); (V.T.); (A.D.L.); (I.P.); (D.I.); (L.S.); (R.D.S.); (R.C.)
| | - Daniela De Vita
- Department of Environmental Biology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.D.V.); (C.T.)
| | - Antonella Messore
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.N.M.); (V.T.); (A.D.L.); (I.P.); (D.I.); (L.S.); (R.D.S.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-4991-3965
| | - Chiara Toniolo
- Department of Environmental Biology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.D.V.); (C.T.)
| | - Valeria Tudino
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.N.M.); (V.T.); (A.D.L.); (I.P.); (D.I.); (L.S.); (R.D.S.); (R.C.)
| | - Alessandro De Leo
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.N.M.); (V.T.); (A.D.L.); (I.P.); (D.I.); (L.S.); (R.D.S.); (R.C.)
| | - Ivano Pindinello
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.N.M.); (V.T.); (A.D.L.); (I.P.); (D.I.); (L.S.); (R.D.S.); (R.C.)
| | - Davide Ialongo
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.N.M.); (V.T.); (A.D.L.); (I.P.); (D.I.); (L.S.); (R.D.S.); (R.C.)
| | - Francesco Saccoliti
- D3 PharmaChemistry, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy;
| | - Anna Maria D’Ursi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (A.M.D.); (M.G.)
| | - Manuela Grimaldi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (A.M.D.); (M.G.)
| | | | - Luigi Scipione
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.N.M.); (V.T.); (A.D.L.); (I.P.); (D.I.); (L.S.); (R.D.S.); (R.C.)
| | - Roberto Di Santo
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.N.M.); (V.T.); (A.D.L.); (I.P.); (D.I.); (L.S.); (R.D.S.); (R.C.)
| | - Roberta Costi
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.N.M.); (V.T.); (A.D.L.); (I.P.); (D.I.); (L.S.); (R.D.S.); (R.C.)
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Shanaida M, Jasicka-Misiak I, Makowicz E, Stanek N, Shanaida V, Wieczorek PP. Development of high-performance thin layer chromatography method for identification of phenolic compounds and quantification of rosmarinic acid content in some species of the Lamiaceae family. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2020; 12:139-145. [PMID: 32742112 PMCID: PMC7373107 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_322_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Representatives of Nepetoideae Burnett subfamily are promising species of the Lamiaceae Martinov family because of accumulating such valuable groups of secondary metabolites as terpenoids and polyphenols. A high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint method for the qualitative determination of phenolic compounds and for the quantification of rosmarinic acid (RA) content in methanol extracts of five species of this subfamily was developed for the first time. Materials and Methods: Dried aerial parts of Dracocephalum moldavica L., Ocimum americanum L., Lophanthus anisatus (Nutt.) Benth., Monarda fistulosa L., and Satureja hortensis L. collected in flowering period were macerated with methanol. The HPTLC analysis was conducted using the CAMAG analytical system (Muttenz, Switzerland). The comparative analysis of RA contents was performed by HPTLC densitometric detection at λ = 366nm. Results: Identification of polyphenols in the investigated herbs was performed by comparison of a color and Rf of the chromatographic zones with six reference standards: rutin, apigenin, luteolin, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and RA. HPTLC method was also validated for the quantification of RA in the extracts of investigated herbs. RA contents decreased in such a sequence: D. moldavica (24.83 ± 0.78mg/g) > M. fistulosa (20.32 ± 0.64mg/g) > O. americanum (19.59 ± 0.61mg/g) > S. hortensis (18.77 ± 0.52mg/g) > L. anisatus (12.61 ± 0.43mg/g). Conclusion: Obtained data can facilitate the differentiation of investigated species using the chromatographic fingerprints of their phenolic compounds. Developed and validated HPTLC method provides an approach to estimate RA content as a common marker of investigated herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Shanaida
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medical Botany, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Izabela Jasicka-Misiak
- Department of Analytical and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | - Ewa Makowicz
- Department of Analytical and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | - Natalia Stanek
- Department of Analytical and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | - Volodymyr Shanaida
- Department of Designing Metal-Cutting Machine and Tools, FabLab Centre, Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Piotr P Wieczorek
- Department of Analytical and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
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Loh YC, Tan CS, Ch'ng YS, Ng CH, Yeap ZQ, Yam MF. Mechanisms of action of Panax notoginseng ethanolic extract for its vasodilatory effects and partial characterization of vasoactive compounds. Hypertens Res 2018; 42:182-194. [PMID: 30464217 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0139-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng is the most valuable medicinal plant and has been used clinically for more than two thousand years to treat various diseases, including hypertension. Previous studies claimed that different isolated compounds from P. notoginseng are involved in different pathways for vasodilation. It is strongly believed that these vasodilating compounds might act synergistically in contributing vasodilatory effects via holistic signaling pathways. The present study aims to evaluate the vasodilatory effect and mechanism of action employed by the crude extract of P. notoginseng. The fingerprint of P. notoginseng was developed using tri-step FTIR and HPTLC. The contents of Rg1 and Rb1 in the active extract (PN95) were further quantified via HPTLC. The vasodilatory effect of PN95 was evaluated using an in vitro aortic ring model. The results showed that PN95 contains a high amount of Rg1 and Rb1, 25.9 and 13.6%, respectively. The vasodilatory effect of PN95 was elicited via the NO/sGC/cGMP and β2-adrenergic receptors pathways. Furthermore, PN95 could manage vascular tone by regulating action potentials via potassium and both VOCC and IP3R pathways. The results obtained fulfilled the expected outcome where the PN95 employed more signaling pathways than any of the single active compounds; hence, the holistic therapeutic effect could be achieved and would more easily translate to applications for the treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yean Chun Loh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chu Shan Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yung Sing Ch'ng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chiew Hoong Ng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Zhao Qin Yeap
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mun Fei Yam
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
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Saraya RE, Elhenawee M, Saleh H. Development of a highly sensitive high-performance thin-layer chromatography method for the screening and simultaneous determination of sofosbuvir, daclatasvir, and ledipasvir in their pure forms and their different pharmaceutical formulations. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:3553-3560. [PMID: 30048040 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The combination of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir or sofosbuvir and ledipasvir is now widely used as an ideal treatment for hepatitis C virus infection. For this purpose, a simple, sensitive, accurate, economic, and precise high-performance thin-layer chromatography was developed and validated for the determination of sofosbuvir, daclatasvir, and ledipasvir in their pure form as well as their different pharmaceutical products. The method used Merck high-performance thin-layer chromatography aluminum plates precoated with silica gel 60 F254 as a stationary phase and mobile phase consisting of methylene chloride/methanol/ethyl acetate/ammonia (25%) (6:1:4:1, v/v/v/v). This system was found to give compact symmetric peaks of sofosbuvir, daclatasvir, and ledipasvir with retardation factors of 0.27 ± 0.01, 0.50 ± 0.007, and 0.68 ± 0.008, respectively. The densitometric scanner was set at 275 nm using a deuterium lamp. The calibration curves were linear over the range of 100-3000 ng/spot for sofosbuvir, and daclatasvir, and range of 50-3000 ng/spot for ledipasvir. The detection limits were 22.5, 31.90, and 15.80 for sofosbuvir, daclatasvir, and ledipasvir. The quantitation limits were 67.50, 95.60, and 47.50 for sofosbuvir, daclatasvir, and ledipasvir. The proposed method was validated according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines and the results were acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshdy E Saraya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Magda Elhenawee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Shukla PK, Misra A, Kumar M, Jaichand, Singh K, Akhtar J, Srivastava S, Agrawal PK, Singh Rawat AK. Simultaneous Quantification of Forskolin and Iso-Forskolin in Coleus forskohlii (Wild.) Briq. and Identification of Elite Chemotype, Collected from Eastern Ghats (India). Pharmacogn Mag 2018; 13:S881-S885. [PMID: 29491648 PMCID: PMC5822515 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_202_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Coleus forskohlii is a well-known industrially important medicinal plant, for its high forskolin content. Objective: A simple, selective, and sensitive high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of forskolin and iso-forskolin in C. forskohlii germplasm collected from the Eastern Ghats, India. Materials and Methods: Chromatographic separation of the targeted marker(s) was obtained on precoated silica plates using toluene: ethyl acetate: methanol (90:30:0.5, v/v/v) as the mobile phase. Results: Densitometric quantification of forskolin and iso-forskolin was carried out at 545 nm. Forskolin and iso-forskolin were identified by comparing the ultraviolet spectra of standard and sample track at Rf of 0.64 ± 0.02 and 0.36 ± 0.01, after derivatization with anisaldehyde sulfuric acid reagent. The linearity of both the analytes was obtained in the range of 300–1200 ng/spot with the regression coefficient (R2) of 0.991 and 0.986. Recovery of analyte (s) at three levels, namely, 100, 150, and 200 ng/spot was found to be 100.46% ± 0.29%, 99.64% ± 0.33%, 100.02% ± 0.76% and 99.76% ± 0.62%, 99.56% ± 0.35%, 100.02% ± 0.22%, respectively, for forskolin and iso-forskolin. The content of forskolin and iso-forskolin varies from 0.046% to 0.187% and 0.002% to 0.077%, respectively (dry weight basis), the maximum content of both the markers was found in NBC-31, from Thakurwada, Maharashtra. Conclusion: The developed HPTLC method was linear, accurate, and reliable as per the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use guidelines. The study aids in the identification of elite chemotype for commercial prospection of industrially viable medicinal crop. SUMMARY 12 Samples are collected from different locations of the eastern ghat regions Quantification of two major marker forskolin and iso forskolin The maximum content of both the markers was found in NBC -31, from Thakurwada, Maharashtra Identification of elite chemotype of collected samples may be useful for commercial prospection in industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpendra Kumar Shukla
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankita Misra
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jaichand
- Division of Central Instrumentation Facility, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Juber Akhtar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sharad Srivastava
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pawan K Agrawal
- National Agricultural Science Fund, ICAR, KAB-I, PUSA Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay K Singh Rawat
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Maheshwari R, Shreedhara CS, Polu PR, Managuli RS, Xavier SK, Lobo R, Setty M, Mutalik S. Characterization of the Phenolic Compound, Gallic Acid from Sansevieria roxburghiana Schult and Schult. f. Rhizomes and Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities Evaluation. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:S693-S699. [PMID: 29142435 PMCID: PMC5669118 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_497_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Sansevieria roxburghiana Schult. and Schult. f. (Asparagaceae) grows in India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and tropical Africa. Even though the plant has been traditionally used for the treatment of many ailments, the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of S. roxburghiana methanol extract and its fractions have not yet been explored. Materials and Methods: Quantitative estimation of phenols and different antioxidant assays were performed using standard methods. Anti-proliferative effect of the extract and fractions were evaluated in HCT-116, HeLa, MCF-7, HepG2, and A-549 cancer cell lines by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay methods. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint profiling were carried out for extract and different fractions. Results: Significant antioxidant and anti-proliferate activity were detected in ethyl acetate fraction. Ethyl acetate fraction showed prominent scavenging activity in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, and nitric oxide antioxidant assays with an concentration yielding 50% inhibition (IC50) 15.33 ± 1.45, 45.3 ± 1.93 and 48.43 ± 0.46 mg/ml, respectively. Cytotoxicity of ethyl acetate fraction was the highest among other fractions against HCT-116, HeLa, and MCF-7cancer cell lines with IC50 values 16.55 ± 1.28, 12.38 ± 1.36, and 8.03 ± 1.9 μg/ml, respectively, by MTT assay and 15.57 ± 0.70, 13.19 ± 0.49, and 10.34 ± 0.9 μg/ml, respectively, by SRB assay. The presence of gallic acid in the ethyl acetate fraction of S. roxburghiana rhizomes was confirmed by HPLC and HPTLC analysis. Conclusion: Results suggested that ethyl acetate fraction exhibited effective antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. The phenolic compounds identified in ethyl acetate fraction could be responsible for the activities. SUMMARY Sansevieria roxburghiana has been selected for in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxicity screening Ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract of S. roxburghiana exhibited effective antioxidant and antiproliferative activities The activity of ethyl acetate fraction may be due to the presence of phenolic compound which is identified by high-performance liquid chromatography and high-performance thin layer chromatography techniques.
Abbreviations used: %: Percent, ºC: Celsius, mg: Microgram, ml-Microlitre, ANOVA: Analysis of variance, DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide, g: Grams, IC50: Concentration yielding 50% inhibition, Kg: Kilogram, mg: Milligram, min: Minutes, ml: Milliliter, HPLC: High-performance liquid chromatography, HPTLC: High-performance thin layer chromatography, DPPH: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, ABTS: 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, GAE: Gallic acid equivalents, SRME: Methanol extract of S. roxburghiana, ROS: Reactive oxygen species, SRPE: Petroleum ether fraction of S. roxburghiana, SREA: Ethyl acetate fraction of S. roxburghiana, SRAQ: Aqueous fraction of S. roxburghiana, DMEM: Dulbecco's Minimum Essential Medium, FBS: Fetal bovine serum, OD: Optical density, TPC: Total phenolic content, SRBU: Butanol fraction of S. roxburghiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajalekshmi Maheshwari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Picheswara Rao Polu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Renuka Suresh Managuli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Seena Kanniparambil Xavier
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Richard Lobo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjunath Setty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Dureshahwar K, Mubashir M, Une HD. Quantification of Quercetin Obtained from Allium cepa Lam. Leaves and its Effects on Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Neuropathy. Pharmacognosy Res 2017; 9:287-293. [PMID: 28827972 PMCID: PMC5541487 DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_147_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Antioxidant potential has protective effects in diabetic neuropathy (DN); hence, the present study was designed with an objective to quantify quercetin from shade-dried leaves of Allium cepa Lam. and to study its effects on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced chronic DN. Materials and Methods: The shade-dried leaves of A. cepa Lam. were extracted with methanol and then fractionated using ethyl acetate (ACEA). The quantification of quercetin in ACEA was evaluated by high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). The STZ (40 mg/kg) was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats (180–250 g) maintained at normal housing conditions. The STZ was administered once a day for 3 consecutive days. The elevation in blood glucose was monitored for 3 weeks periodically using flavin adenine dinucleotide-glucose dehydrogenase method by Contour TS glucometer. Rats showing blood glucose above 250 mg/dl were selected for the study. Animals were divided into eight groups. ACEA (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg), quercetin (40 mg/kg), metformin (120 mg/kg), and gabapentin (100 mg/kg) were given orally once a day for 2 weeks. The blood glucose level was again measured at the end of treatment to assess DN. Thermal hyperalgesia, cold allodynia, motor incoordination, and neurotoxicity were studied initially and at the end of 2-week treatment. Biochemical parameters were also evaluated after 2-week drug treatment. Results: The quercetin present in ACEA was 4.82% by HPTLC. All the ACEA treatment reduces blood glucose level at the end of the 2-week study and shows a significant neuroprotective effect in STZ-induced DN in the above experimental models. Conclusion: The quercetin present in ACEA proved protective effect in STZ-induced DN. SUMMARY High-performance thin layer chromatography reveals the presence of 4.82% quercetin in Allium cepa ethyl acetate. (ACEA). Its investigation against various diabetic neuropathy biomarkers has proved that ACEA has significant blood glucose reducing action shown neuroprotective action in thermal hyperalgesia, motor incoordination, and biochemical parameters.
Abbreviations Used: HPTLC: High-performance thin layer chromatography, TLC: Thin layer chromatography, UV: Ultraviolet, ACEA: Allium cepa ethyl acetate, STZ: Streptozotocin, LDL: Low-density lipids, HDL: High-density lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khan Dureshahwar
- Department of Pharmacology, Y B Chavan College of Pharmacy, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohammed Mubashir
- Department of Pharmacology, SDMVM's Dr. Vedprakash Patil Pharmacy College, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hemant Devidas Une
- Department of Pharmacology, Y B Chavan College of Pharmacy, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
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Muthal AP, Rojatkar SR, Bodhankar SL. Isolation and Structure Determination of 24-Methylenecycloartanyl Ferulate from Indian Rice Bran and Its Quantitative Analysis. Pharmacogn Mag 2016; 12:S307-14. [PMID: 27563217 PMCID: PMC4971949 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.185722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND γ-oryzanol is a major bioactive constituent in rice. Most of the literature reports isolation of 24-methylenecycloartanyl ferulate (24-mCAF) from rice bran oil (RBO) of other than Indian variety. Current research has successfully applied high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for isolation of 24-mCAF from Indian variety (Indrayani) of RBO. MATERIALS AND METHODS HPTLC method was developed for standard γ-oryzanol using tinidazole as an internal standard. The proposed HPTLC method was optimized and validated as per the guidelines stated by the International Conference on Harmonization Q2 R1 recommendations. The mobile phase composed of toluene:ethyl acetate:methanol (15.0:1.7:3.3, (v/v/v) was selected because well-resolved peaks were obtained. The optimum wavelength chosen for detection and quantitation was 317 nm. RESULTS The retention factors for tinidazole, 24-mCAF, and CAF were found to be 0.27 ± 0.02, 0.72 ± 0.02, and 0.79 ± 0.02, respectively. The percent content of 24-mCAF in ethanol fraction was found to be 1.02%. The 24-mCAF was isolated from RBO using HPTLC method. CONCLUSION The characterization data of 1D, 2D spectral analysis confirm that the isolated compound 1 is 24-mCAF. SUMMARY HPTLC method was developed for standard γ-oryzanol using tinidazole as an internal standardThe proposed HPTLC method was optimized and validated as per the guidelines stated by the ICH Q2 R1 recommendationsThe characterization data of 1D, 2D spectral analysis confirms that the isolated compound is 24-methylenecycloartanyl ferulateIn this work, high purity 24-mCAF was successfully isolated from crude RBO using HPTLC with a solvent system composed toluene: ethyl acetate: methanol (15.0:1.7:3.3, v/v/v) Abbreviations used: RBO: Rice Bran Oil, CAF: Cycloartenol ferulic acid, 24-mCAF: 24-Methylcycloartenol ferulic acid, HPLC: High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, HPTLC: High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography, 1H: Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, 13C: Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, COSY: Correlation spectroscopy, NOESY: Nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy, HMBC: Heteronuclear multiple bond correlation nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, HSQC: heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol P Muthal
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Supada R Rojatkar
- R&D Centre in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Applied Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Subhash Laxmanrao Bodhankar
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Sunil Kumar KN, Pushpendra P, Holla BS, Ravishankar B, Yashovarma B. High performance thin layer chromatography qualitative densitometry as a sensitive method to assess shelf life of polyherbal formulations: A study on Hutabhugadi Churna. Ayu 2016; 36:303-10. [PMID: 27313418 PMCID: PMC4895758 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8520.182745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Measuring chemical stability of polyherbal formulations is very challenging due to diversity in phytochemical composition. As there are no comprehensive guidelines for stability testing of herbal products, there is a need for a sensitive tool to detect how the quality of herbal products varies with time under the influence of environmental conditions. Aims: To validate the employability of high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) for real-time stability of Hutabhugadi Churna (HC). Materials and Methods: The chromatograms were developed using toluene/ethyl acetate/formic acid (10:5:1) and ethyl acetate/formic acid (10:1) as a mobile phase for chloroform and ethanolic extract, respectively. The plates were scanned under 254, 366, 540 (pre-derivatization) and 540 nm (post-derivatization). Samples were analyzed immediately after preparation and after 3rd and 6th months of storage. Alteration of fingerprint profiles from the initial pattern, in terms of number of peaks, was employed as diagnostic tools. Percentage variation in composition at given period was calculated. Results: HC is found to be stable at room temperature up to 1.3 months using the method of calculation of 10% degradation period employing slope and intercept values for the initial, 3rd and 6th months’ deviation in number of bands. The data obtained were subjected to regression analysis in context to number of bands obtained. The curve was found to be linear with R2 value of 0.89–0.96 supported by their tolerance range of 0.04–0.11. Conclusion: The proposed model is a new logic with prospects to become working method for stability assessment of polyherbal formulations under controlled conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, SDM Centre for Research in Ayurveda and Allied Sciences, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | | | - B S Holla
- Department of Chemistry, SDM College, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - B Ravishankar
- Department of Pharmacology, SDM Centre for Research in Ayurveda and Allied Sciences, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - B Yashovarma
- Department of Botany, SDM College, Udupi, Karnataka, India
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Ferreira MRA, Fernandes MTM, da Silva WAV, Bezerra ICF, de Souza TP, Pimentel MF, Soares LAL. Chromatographic and Spectrophotometric Analysis of Phenolic Compounds from Fruits of Libidibia ferrea Martius. Pharmacogn Mag 2016; 12:S285-91. [PMID: 27279721 PMCID: PMC4883093 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.182165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Libidibia ferrea (Mart. ex Tul.) L.P. Queiroz (Fabaceae) is a tree which is native to Brazil, widely known as "Jucá," where its herbal derivatives are used in folk medicine with several therapeutic properties. The constituents, which have already been described in the fruit, are mainly hydrolysable tannins (gallic acid [GA] and ellagic acid [EA]). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the phenolic variability in the fruit of L. ferrea by ultraviolet/visible (UV/VIS) and chromatographic methods (high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC]/high-performance thin layer chromatography [HPTLC]). MATERIALS AND METHODS Several samples were collected from different regions of Brazil and the qualitative (fingerprints by HPTLC and HPLC) and quantitative analysis (UV/VIS and HPLC) of polyphenols were performed. RESULTS The HPTLC and HPLC profiles allowed separation and identification of both major analytical markers: EA and GA. The chemical profiles were similar in a number of spots or peaks for the samples, but some differences could be observed in the intensity or area of the analytical markers for HPTLC or HPLC, respectively. Regarding the quantitative analysis, the polyphenolic content by UV/VIS ranged from 13.99 to 37.86 g% expressed as GA or from 10.75 to 29.09 g% expressed as EA. The contents of EA and GA by liquid chromatography-reversed phase (LC-RP) method ranged from 0.57 to 2.68 g% and from 0.54 to 3.23 g%, respectively. CONCLUSION The chemical profiles obtained by HPTLC or HPLC, as well as the quantitative analysis by spectrophotometry or LC-RP method, were suitable for discrimination of each herbal sample and can be used as tools for the comparative analysis of the fruits from L. ferrea. SUMMARY The polyphenols of fruits of Libidibia ferrea can be quantified by UV/VIS and HPLCThe HPLC method was able to detect the gallic and ellagic acids in several samples of fruits of Libidibia ferreaThe phenolic profiles of fruits from Libidibia ferrea by HPTLC and HPLC were reproductible. Abbreviations used: HPTLC: high performance thin layer chromatography, HPLC: high performance liquid chromatography, UV-Vis: spectrophotometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda R A Ferreira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Mônica T M Fernandes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Wliana A V da Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Isabelle C F Bezerra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Therapeutic Innovation, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Tatiane P de Souza
- Department of Drugs and Foods, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Maria F Pimentel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Luiz A L Soares
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Therapeutic Innovation, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Syed YH, Khan M. Chromatographic Profiling of Ellagic Acid in Woodfordia fruticosa Flowers and their Gastroprotective Potential in Ethanol-induced Ulcers in Rats. Pharmacognosy Res 2016; 8:S5-S11. [PMID: 27114692 PMCID: PMC4821107 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.178649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Woodfordia fruticosa, a plant of Indian origin, is extensively used in folk medicine for the treatment of various ailments. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to standardize the flowers of W. fruticosa, Kurz (Lythraceae), an important plant of Indian origin and explore the chemical constituents contributing to its anti-ulcer activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiling of the three samples of W. fruticosa flowers purchased from three different markets was done using ellagic acid as the biomarker. Two doses of the aqueous extract of the W. fruticosa (AEWF) flowers were evaluated for anti-ulcer activity by ethanol-induced ulcer model in Wistar albino rats. Omeprazole was used as the positive control. The parameters used for the assessment of the anti-ulcer potential were total titratable acidity (TTA), ulcer index, and percentage protection. RESULTS The HPTLC and HPLC studies confirmed the presence of ellagic acid in all the three drug samples. The AEWF showed significant reduction in terms of TTA at both doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg. The gastroprotection indicated by a lower ulcer index and higher percentage protection was significant for 200 mg/kg dose of AEWF, better than the protection afforded by omeprazole (10 mg/kg). CONCLUSION The chromatographic profiling and the anti-ulcer studies served as an efficient tool in the characterization of ellagic acid as an important biomarker for the flowers of W. fruticosa and a probable contributor to the gastroprotective capacity of the drug. The bioactivity studies further supported the traditional use of W. fruticosa in the treatment of ulcers. SUMMARY HPTLC & HPLC fingerprinting of W. fruticosa using ellagic acid as a biomarker.Evaluation of W. fruticosa for gastroprotection potential in ethanol induced gastric ulcer in rats model.Aqueous extract of the drug showed better gastroprotection than the standard drug omeprazole at a dose of 200 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuf Hussain Syed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, MESCO College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mohib Khan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Oriental College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Abstract
Anthraquinones are natural phenolic compounds, which are reported to act as anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, laxative and antitumor agents. They are abudant in plants like candle bush, aloes, cascara bark and rhubarb. The present work was to observe the effect of different forced degradation conditions by high-performance thin layer chromatography on potential markers i.e. aloe emodin and emodin. Both aloe emodin and emodin were subjected to various forced degradation studies such as oxidation, acid and alkaline hydrolysis, photolysis, hydrolytic and thermal degradation. Aloe emodin, was more susceptible to acid hydrolysis and degradation was found to a lesser extent under thermal degradation whereas significant degradation was observed under acid hydrolysis, lesser extent was observed under alkali hydrolysis for emodin. Forced degradation studies on aloe emodin and emodin gives information about its storage and intrinsic stability conditions considering the advanced pharmaceutical aspects of formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu Narayanan
- Department of Quality Assurance, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai-400 614, India
| | - Aruna P Jadhav
- Department of Quality Assurance, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai-400 614, India
| | - V J Kadam
- Department of Quality Assurance, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai-400 614, India
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Chaudhary S, Devkar RA, Bhere D, Setty MM, Pai KSR. Selective Cytotoxicity and Pro-apoptotic Activity of Stem Bark of Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) R. Br. in Cancerous Cells. Pharmacogn Mag 2016; 11:S481-7. [PMID: 26929585 PMCID: PMC4745221 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.168976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) R. Br. is a widely available shrub in India used traditionally in various ailments, including cancer. However, the anticancer activity of the bioactive fractions has not been validated scientifically. OBJECTIVE To investigate the anticancer potential of stem bark of W. tinctoria and establish its phytochemical basis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ethanol extract and subsequent fractions, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and aqueous were prepared by standard methods. In vitro cytotoxicity was determined in MCF-7 (breast) and HeLa (cervical) adenocarcinoma cells, and V79 (nontumor fibroblast) cells and apoptogenic activity in MCF-7 cells by acridine orange (AO)/ethidium bromide (EB) staining. Additionally, the antioxidant potential was evaluated using suitable methods. High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis was performed for identification of active phytoconstituents. RESULTS Petroleum ether and ethyl acetate fractions were most potent with IC50 values of 37.78 and 29.69 μg/ml in HeLa and 31.56 and 32.63 μg/ml in MCF-7 cells respectively in the sulforhodamine B assay. Comparable results were obtained in HeLa cells in 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and interestingly, the fractions were found to be safe to noncancerous fibroblast cells. Both fractions induced significant (P < 0.05) apoptotic morphological changes observed by AO/EB staining. Moreover, extract/fractions exhibited excellent inhibition of lipid peroxidation with the ethyl acetate fraction being most active (IC50:23.40 μg/ml). HPTLC confirmed the presence of two anti-cancer triterpenoids, lupeol, and β-sitosterol in active fractions. CONCLUSION Extract/fractions of W. tinctoria exhibit selective cytotoxicity against cancerous cells that is mediated by apoptosis. Fractions are less toxic to noncancerous cells; hence, they can be developed as safer chemopreventive agents. SUMMARY Petroleum ether and ethyl acetate fractions were most active and exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity in HeLa and MCF-7 cells.Fractions were relatively less toxic to non-tumor fibroblast cells demonstrating its selectivity to cancer cells.Fractions exhibited pro-apoptotic activity in MCF-7 cells in AO/EB staining.Lupeol and β-sitosterol were identified as anticancer constituents by HPTLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpee Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Raviraj Anand Devkar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepak Bhere
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Manganahalli Manjunath Setty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Doshi GM, Une HD. Quantification of Quercetin and Rutin from Benincasa hispida Seeds and Carissa Congesta Roots by High-performance Thin Layer Chromatography and High-performance Liquid Chromatography. Pharmacognosy Res 2016; 8:37-42. [PMID: 26941534 PMCID: PMC4753758 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.171098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In Indian Ayurvedic system, Benincasa hispida (BH) and Carissa congesta (CC) are well-known plants used for major and minor ailments. BH has been regarded as Kushmanda, whereas CC has been used in immune-related disorders of the human system. Quercetin and rutin identified from the vast plethora of plant extracts have proved to possess ethnopharmacological relevance. MATERIALS AND METHODS In present studies, we have determined quercetin and rutin in terms of percentage in BH seeds and CC roots by high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After extraction and phytochemical screening, the extracts were subjected to quantification for the presence of quercetin and rutin by HPTLC and HPLC. RESULTS HPTLC showed quercetin as 44.60, 27.13% and rutin as 32.00, 36.31% w/w, whereas HPLC revealed quercetin as 34.00, 35.00% and rutin as 21.99, 45.03% w/v in BH and CC extracts, respectively. CONCLUSION The BH and CC extracts have elucidated peaks that were corresponding with standard peaks on undertaking chromatographic studies. SUMMARY Quercetin and rutin are isolated from BH seeds and CC roots by High Performance. Thin Layer Chromatography and High Performance Liquid Chromatography. HPTLC revealed presence of quercetin as 44.60, 27.13 % and rutin as 32.00, 36.31 % w/w. HPLC revealed presence of quercetin as 34.00, 35.00 % and rutin as 21.99, 45.03 % w/v. Abbreviation Used: HPTLC: High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography; HPLC: High Pressure Liquid Chromatography, UV: Ultraviolet, CC: Carissa congesta, BH: Benincasa hispida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Mahesh Doshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Vivekanand Education Society's College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Ph.D. Research Scholar, Pacific Academy of Higher Education and Research University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Hemant Devidas Une
- Department of Pharmacology, Y. B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Rouzabagh, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
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Abstract
Aim: Wheatgrass (WG) is the shoot of Triticum aestivum Linn. belongs to the family Gramineae, and possess high chlorophyll content and essential vitamins, minerals, vital enzymes, amino acids, dietary fibers etc., It has been shown to possess anti-cancer, anti-ulcer, antioxidant, and anti-arthritic activity due to the presence of biologically active compounds, and minerals. Therefore, in the present study, high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods for qualitative and quantitative analysis have been proposed, which will help in quality evaluation of wheat grass extract. Materials and Methods: Samples for analysis were prepared in methanol and water simply by sonication. These were applied on pre-coated silica plate and chromatograms were developed using toluene: Ethyl acetate: Formic acid. HPLC analysis was done on Waters HPLC system using water, methanol, and acetonitrile as mobile phase. Merck C18 column has been used. Results: HPTLC finger printing of alcoholic extracts of WG was carried out and found 10–11 spots at different wavelengths 254, 366, and 435 nm. HPLC fingerprinting produced 22 peaks at 256 nm. Quantitative HPTLC analysis was done to determine the gallic acid content, and was found to be 0.077% w/w in aqueous extract. By HPLC, the content of gallic acid and rutin was found to be 0.07%, and 0.04% w/w in aqueous extract of WG. Conclusion: The developed HPLC and HPTLC fingerprinting method can be used for the quality control, and standardization of WG and its extracts used as nutritional supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masood Shah Khan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Jamia Hamdard, Uttar Pradesh, India ; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Mohammad Ali Jauhar University, Rampur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rabea Parveen
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Jamia Hamdard, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kshipra Mishra
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Jamia Hamdard, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kotinagu K, Mohanamba T, Kumari LR. Assessment of aflatoxin B1 in livestock feed and feed ingredients by high-performance thin layer chromatography. Vet World 2015; 8:1396-9. [PMID: 27047050 PMCID: PMC4774816 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.1396-1399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Detection of aflatoxin B1 in Livestock compound Feed and feed ingredients by high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). Materials and Methods: Chromatography was performed on HPTLC silica gel 60 F 254, aluminum sheets by CAMAG automatic TLC sampler 4, with mobile phase condition chloroform:acetone:water (28:4:0.06). Extraction of aflatoxin B1 from samples was done as per AOAC method and screening and quantification done by HPTLC Scanner 4 under wavelength 366 nm. Results: A total of 97 livestock feed (48) and feed ingredients (49) samples received from different livestock farms and farmers were analyzed for aflatoxin B1of which 29 samples were contaminated, constituting 30%. Out of 48 livestock compound feed samples, aflatoxin B1 could be detected in 16 samples representing 33%, whereas in livestock feed ingredients out of 49 samples, 13 found positive for aflatoxin B1 representing 24.5%. Conclusion: HPTLC assures good recovery, precision, and linearity in the quantitative determination of aflatoxin B1 extracted from Livestock compound feed and feed ingredients. As more number of feed and feed ingredients are contaminated with aflatoxin B1 which causes deleterious effects in both animal and human beings, so there is a need for identifying the source of contamination, executing control measures, enabling better risk assessment techniques, and providing economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korrapati Kotinagu
- Toxicology and Feed Analysis Laboratory Veterinary Biological Research Institute, Shanti Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - T Mohanamba
- Toxicology and Feed Analysis Laboratory Veterinary Biological Research Institute, Shanti Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - L Rathna Kumari
- Toxicology and Feed Analysis Laboratory Veterinary Biological Research Institute, Shanti Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Ahamad J, Amin S, Mir SR. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of charantin from Momordica charantia fruits using response surface methodology. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2015; 7:304-7. [PMID: 26681889 PMCID: PMC4678987 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.168032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Momordica charantia Linn. (Cucurbitaceae) fruits are well known for their beneficial effects in diabetes that are often attributed to its bioactive component charantin. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study is to develop and optimize an efficient protocol for the extraction of charantin from M. charantia fruits. MATERIALS AND METHODS Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for the optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions. RSM was based on a three-level, three-variable Box-Behnken design (BBD), and the studied variables included solid to solvent ratio, extraction temperature, and extraction time. RESULTS The optimal conditions predicted by the BBD were: UAE with methanol: Water (80:20, v/v) at 46°C for 120 min with solid to solvent ratio of 1:26 w/v, under which the yield of charantin was 3.18 mg/g. Confirmation trials under slightly adjusted conditions yielded 3.12 ± 0.14 mg/g of charantin on dry weight basis of fruits. The result of UAE was also compared with Soxhlet extraction method and UAE was found 2.74-fold more efficient than the Soxhlet extraction for extracting charantin. CONCLUSIONS A facile UAE protocol for a high extraction yield of charantin was developed and validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Ahamad
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, PO Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Saima Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, PO Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Showkat R. Mir
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, PO Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
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Gupta N, Lobo R, Kumar N, Bhagat JK, Mathew JE. Identity-based High-performance thin Layer Chromatography Fingerprinting Profile and Tumor Inhibitory Potential of Anisochilus carnosus (L.f.) wall Against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:S474-80. [PMID: 26929584 PMCID: PMC4745220 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.168977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Anisochilus carnosus (L.f.) wall belonging to the family Lamiaceae is a plant that is widely used in folk medicine for treating eczema, cold, cough, and fever. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we explored the anticancer potential of A. carnosus leaves against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) and estimated the quantity of luteolin present in various extracts and fractions of A. carnosus by high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting. MATERIALS AND METHODS Various factors such as tumor volume, tumor cell viability, tumor weight, prolongation of lifespan, and hematological parameters were assessed. RESULT We observed a significant lowering in tumor volume, tumor weight, and cell viability in EAC-induced mice following intervention with A. carnosus extracts. Also, there was a considerable prolongation of host lifespan and restoration of hematological parameters to almost normal levels with A. carnosus treatment. HPTLC fingerprinting of various extracts and fractions of A. carnosus along with luteolin as the reference standard revealed the occurrence of luteolin in all tested extracts and fractions of A. carnosus with the highest concentration being reported in the ethanol fraction. CONCLUSION A. carnosus exhibits potent anti-tumor potential which can most likely be attributed to the occurrence of different phytochemicals such as phytosterols, terpenoids, and flavonoids in the plant. Further studies to isolate compounds from A. carnosus and understand the mechanism of anti-tumor activity would be worthwhile. SUMMARY EAC induced mice that received A. carnosus treatment exhibited significant reduction in tumor volume, tumor weight and tumor cell viability. Their life span was considerably prolonged. We detected luteolin in A. carnosus aqueous and ethanol extract using HPTLC. Hence, anticancer activity of A. carnosus can be partly attributed to the presence of luteolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Gupta
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Richard Lobo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Nimmy Kumar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Jay Kumar Bhagat
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Jessy Elizabeth Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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20
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Upadhya V, Ankad GM, Pai SR, Hegde SV, Hegde HV. Preliminary pharmacognostic screening of Achyranthes coynei stem. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2015; 6:134-8. [PMID: 26167003 PMCID: PMC4484048 DOI: 10.4103/0975-9476.159076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Achyranthes coynei is a rare, endemic perennial shrub reported from Karnataka and Maharashtra states of India. The plant is used to treat various disorders by folk healers and was proven to have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The present study was undertaken to evaluate microscopic and macroscopic characters of A. coynei stem, along with its physicochemical parameters. ProgRes® CapturePro and Microsoft Excel were used for statistical analysis. Perennial, shrubby nature and woody stem were the distinguishing morphological characters observed. Transverse section (TS) illustrated quadrangular outline of the stem and showed the presence of two types of trichomes on the thick-walled epidermis. TS also showed number of rosette calcium oxalates crystals; prismatic and microsphenoid crystals; conjoint, collateral open secondary vascular bundles; and two amphixylic medullary bundles in the pith. Ash and extractive values, micro and macro elements and nutritive factors were estimated in the present study. The presence of alkaloids, saponins and triterpenoids were observed in preliminary phytochemical screening. High-performance thin layer chromatographic analysis yielded different bands and also indicated the presence of oleanolic acid. The studied parameters for A. coynei stem will be useful for identification and authentication of the plant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Upadhya
- Herbal Medicine Division, Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Gireesh M Ankad
- Herbal Medicine Division, Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Sandeep R Pai
- Plant Biotechnology and Tissue Culture Division, Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Shruti V Hegde
- Department of Postgraduate Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Harsha V Hegde
- Herbal Medicine Division, Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Belgaum, Karnataka, India ; Plant Biotechnology and Tissue Culture Division, Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
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Pushpalatha HB, Pramod K, Devanathan R, Sundaram R. Use of bergenin as an analytical marker for standardization of the polyherbal formulation containing Saxifraga ligulata. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:S60-5. [PMID: 26109776 PMCID: PMC4461970 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.157690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bergenin is the principle constituent of the well-known medicinal plant Saxifraga ligulata. Bergenin has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antiviral, immunostimulant, antihyperglycemic, and antioxidant properties. In this study, the presence of bergenin in Saxifraga ligulata and the formulations was identified using high performance thin layer chromatograpy fingerprinting technique. Objective: To develop a novel quantitative method for the estimation of bergenin using high performance liquid chromatography. Materials and Methods: The compound was separated, characterised and quantified using authentic reference standard. The method was validated per ICH guidelines for the parameters of accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification and robustness. Results: The method was found to be accurate, linear (r2 = 0.998) and precise (%RSD <2%). The limits of detection (0.001%) and quantification (0.002%) were found to be suitable for detection and quantification of bergenin in commercial formulations. Conclusion: The developed methods are suitable for the quality control applications of Saxifraga ligulata containing formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kumar Pramod
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS University, Sri Shivarathreeswara Nagar, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajendran Devanathan
- Formulation and Development, Research and Development Center, The Himalaya Drug Company, Makali, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ramachandran Sundaram
- Formulation and Development, Research and Development Center, The Himalaya Drug Company, Makali, Bengaluru, India
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22
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Raddatz BB, Sun W, Brogden G, Sun Y, Kammeyer P, Kalkuhl A, Colbatzky F, Deschl U, Naim HY, Baumgärtner W, Ulrich R. Central Nervous System Demyelination and Remyelination is Independent from Systemic Cholesterol Level in Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis. Brain Pathol 2015; 26:102-19. [PMID: 25959295 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High dietary fat and/or cholesterol intake is a risk factor for multiple diseases and has been debated for multiple sclerosis. However, cholesterol biosynthesis is a key pathway during myelination and disturbances are described in demyelinating diseases. To address the possible interaction of dyslipidemia and demyelination, cholesterol biosynthesis gene expression, composition of the body's major lipid repositories and Paigen diet-induced, systemic hypercholesterolemia were examined in Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis (TME) using histology, immunohistochemistry, serum clinical chemistry, microarrays and high-performance thin layer chromatography. TME-virus (TMEV)-infected mice showed progressive loss of motor performance and demyelinating leukomyelitis. Gene expression associated with cholesterol biosynthesis was overall down-regulated in the spinal cord of TMEV-infected animals. Spinal cord levels of galactocerebroside and sphingomyelin were reduced on day 196 post TMEV infection. Paigen diet induced serum hypercholesterolemia and hepatic lipidosis. However, high dietary fat and cholesterol intake led to no significant differences in clinical course, inflammatory response, astrocytosis, and the amount of demyelination and remyelination in the spinal cord of TMEV-infected animals. The results suggest that down-regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis is a transcriptional marker for demyelination, quantitative loss of myelin-specific lipids, but not cholesterol occurs late in chronic demyelination, and serum hypercholesterolemia exhibited no significant effect on TMEV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara B Raddatz
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wenhui Sun
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Graham Brogden
- Fish Disease Research Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yanyong Sun
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Patricia Kammeyer
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arno Kalkuhl
- Department of Non-Clinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach (Riß), Germany
| | - Florian Colbatzky
- Department of Non-Clinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach (Riß), Germany
| | - Ulrich Deschl
- Department of Non-Clinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach (Riß), Germany
| | - Hassan Y Naim
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reiner Ulrich
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Abstract
Introduction: Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) is an important ubiquitous four carbon nonprotein amino acid with an amino group attached to gamma carbon instead of beta carbon. It exists in different organisms including bacteria, plants, and animals and plays a crucial role in humans by regulating neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system. It is directly responsible for the regulation of muscle tone and also effective in lowering stress, blood pressure, and hypertension. Aim and Objective: The aim of the study was to develop the fingerprint profile of selected medicinally and economically important plants having central nervous system (CNS) activity and to determine the quantity of GABA in the selected plants grown under natural conditions without any added stress. Materials and Methods: The high-performance thin layer chromatography analysis was performed on precoated silica gel plate 60F–254 plate (20 cm × 10 cm) in the form of bands with width 8 mm using Hamilton syringe (100 μl) using n-butanol, acetic acid, and water in the proportion 5:2:2 as mobile phase in a CAMAG chamber which was previously saturated for 30 min. CAMAG TLC scanner 3 was used for the densitometric scanning at 550 nm. Specific marker compounds were used for the quantification. Results and Conclusion: Among the screened medicinal plants, Zingiber officinale and Solanum torvum were found to have GABA. The percentage of GABA present in Z. officinale and S. torvum were found to be 0.0114% and 0.0119%, respectively. The present work confirmed that among the selected CNS active medicinal plants, only two plants contain GABA. We found a negative correlation with plant having CNS activity and accumulation of GABA. The GABA shunt is a conserved pathway in eukaryotes and prokaryotes but, although the role of GABA as a neurotransmitter in mammals is clearly established, its role in plants is still vague.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Anju
- Pharmacognosy and Drug Standardization Department, Centre for Medicinal Plants Research, Arya Vaidya Sala, Kottakkal, Malappuram, Kerala, India
| | - Ismail Moothedath
- Pharmacognosy and Drug Standardization Department, Centre for Medicinal Plants Research, Arya Vaidya Sala, Kottakkal, Malappuram, Kerala, India
| | - Azhimala Bhaskaranpillai Rema Shree
- Pharmacognosy and Drug Standardization Department, Centre for Medicinal Plants Research, Arya Vaidya Sala, Kottakkal, Malappuram, Kerala, India
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Ilyas UK, Katare DP, Aeri V. Comparative evaluation of standardized alcoholic, hydroalcoholic, and aqueous extracts of Phyllanthus maderaspatensis Linn. against galactosamine-induced hepatopathy in albino rats. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:277-82. [PMID: 25829765 PMCID: PMC4378124 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.153079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Phyllanthus maderaspatensis species (Euphorbiaceae) has been used in folk medicine of many countries as a remedy against several pathological conditions including jaundice and hepatitis. This study is an attempt to evaluate hepatoprotective activity of P. maderaspatensis against galactosamine-induced toxicity and also investigation of polyphenols in each extract. Materials and Methods: The extraction of P. maderaspatensis as per Ayurveda was simultaneously standardized and quantified for biochemical markers viz., polyphenols: Kaempferol, quercetin, catechin, rutin, and ellagic acid by high-performance thin layer chromatography. Hepatotoxicity was induced albino adult rats by intraperitoneal injection of galactosamine (400 mg/kg). The quantified aqueous, hydroalcoholic and alcoholic extract of P. maderaspatensis (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight/day) were compared for evaluation of hepatoprotective potential, which were assessed in terms of reduction in histological damage, change in serum enzymes such as aspartate amino transaminase, alanine amino transaminase and alkaline phosphatase and increase thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Results and Discussion: The hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain comparatively high amount of kaempferol, quercetin, catechin, rutin, and ellagic acid which are responsible for hepatoprotection. Antioxidant parameters such as glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activity in liver tissues were restored toward the normalization more significantly by the hydroalcoholic extract when compared with other extracts. The biochemical observations were supplemented with histopathological examination. Conclusion: The hydroalcoholic extract standardized with respect to known biomarkers may be considered as a potent extract against hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- U K Ilyas
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Vidhu Aeri
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
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Singh M, Kaur N, Paul AT. Physicochemical standardization, HPTLC profiling, and biological evaluation of Aśvagandhādyariṣṭa: A comparative study of three famous commercial brands. Anc Sci Life 2014; 33:165-71. [PMID: 25538352 PMCID: PMC4264305 DOI: 10.4103/0257-7941.144621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aśvagandhādyariṣṭa is a polyherbal formulation that is available commercially as an over the counter drug. There are three famous brands that are available in the market. However, there are no comparative reports on the physicochemical, chromatographic, and biological profiles of Aśvagandhādyariṣṭa manufactured by these famous companies. Aims: The present study deals with the physicochemical standardization, high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) profiling, and biological evaluation of Aśvagandhādyariṣṭa. Materials and Methods: Aśvagandhādyariṣṭa manufactured by three leading companies were purchased from Jalandhar, Punjab. The physicochemical standardization of the samples was carried out in accordance with the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API). Authentified Eisenia foetida were procured from Ujjwal Ujala Vermiculture Group, Amritsar. The anthelmintic activity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging ability of Aśvagandhādyariṣṭa was determined. Statistical Analysis Used: The data of anthelmintic activity were expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean of six earthworms in each group. The statistical analysis was carried out using one-way analysis of variance, followed by Dunnet t-test. The difference in values at P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Most of the physicochemical standardization parameters mentioned as per the API were found to be within limit. HPTLC profiling showed the presence of withanolide D in commercial samples. Out of three commercial brands, ASA-DAB was the most active as compared to the ASA-BDN and ASA-AVP at the concentration of 200 mg/ml for anthelmintic activity against E. foetida. ASA-DAB showed the best antioxidant activity in both the in vitro assay at the concentration of 100 μg/ml. Conclusions: The ability of this formulation to scavenge free radicals supports its medical claim of antistress formulation. The anthelmintic potential of this formulation helps us conclude that it can also be considered as a general tonic because it provides relief from helminths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Singh
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Atish Tulsiram Paul
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India ; Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Jyotishmati (Celastrus paniculatus Willd.) is a woody climber belongs to the family Celastraceae; a well known herbal nootropic, distributed through the tropical and subtropical regions of India. Its leaves are used in eye disease and headache. Very low qualitative and quantitative information about leaves have been documented to establish its quality and purity. AIM Present study was conducted to evaluate physicochemical, phyto-chemical and HPTLC analysis of different solvent extracts of the C. paniculatus leaves. RESULTS Physico-chemical analysis revealed loss on drying 13.05% w/w, total ash value 16.08% w/w, acid insoluble ash 0.386% w/w, water-soluble extractive 14.22% w/w, alcohol-soluble extractive 9.91% w/w, chloroform-soluble extractive 7.75% w/w and ether-soluble extractive 4.74% w/w. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of steroid and terpenoid in the both pet. ether and ethyl acetate extracts while methanol extract possessed steroid, terpenoid, carbohydrate, alkaloid, saponin, and phenolic compounds. CONCLUSION The observations made in this study may help to develop the standards of qualitative and quantitative parameters with regards to identification, quality and purity of C. paniculatus leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monojit Debnath
- Bengal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Moulisha Biswas
- Bengal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Vinay J Shukla
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Institute for Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - K Nishteswar
- Department of Dravyaguna, Institute for Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
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Doshi KA, Acharya R, Shukla VJ, Kalyani R, Khanpara K. Phytochemical evaluation of the wild and cultivated varieties of Eranda Mula (Roots of Ricinus communis Linn.). Ayu 2013; 34:200-3. [PMID: 24250131 PMCID: PMC3821251 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8520.119679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In Ayurveda, the roots of Eranda (Ricinus communis Linn.) are used in the treatment Amavata (rheumatism), Sotha (inflammation), Katisula (backache), Udararoga (disease of abdomen), Jwara (fever), etc, Due to high demand, root of the cultivated variety is mainly used in place of wild. But, a comparative phytochemical profile of both varieties is not available till date. Considering this, a preliminary study has been done to ensure basic phytochemical profile of both the varieties. Preliminary physicochemical parameters, phytochemical screening, quantitative estimation of alkaloid, high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), and heavy metal analysis were carried-out in the study. Analysis of physicochemical data reveals no significant difference in between both varieties of roots, while alkaloid was found to be more in cultivated variety (0.34%) than wild one (0.15%). Though, the analytical profiles are almost identical, except the quantity of alkaloid; inferences should be made through well designed pharmacological and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krunal A Doshi
- Lecturer, Department of Dravyaguna, Institute of Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
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Bazylko A, Piwowarski JP, Filipek A, Bonarewicz J, Tomczyk M. In vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of extracts from Potentilla recta and its main ellagitannin, agrimoniin. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 149:222-227. [PMID: 23811215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Potentilla recta is one of the numerous cinquefoil species growing in Poland. It is used in traditional medicine e.g. in the treatment of skin inflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of the present study is to evaluate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of extracts and subfractions of the P. recta herb (obtained by using solvents of different polarity) in in vitro systems as well as to examine their chemical composition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antioxidant activities of the extracts, subfractions and agrimoniin were evaluated using DPPH and three other radicals (O2(-), H2O2, and HClO) generated in cell-free systems. Anti-hyaluronidase activity was measured by using the turbidimetric method. Inhibition of lipoxidase activity was measured spectrophotometrically, using linoleic acid as a substrate. The composition of the most active subfraction was determined using the HPLC-DAD-MS(n) method. RESULTS All tested samples showed scavenging activity against all the examined reactive species in a concentration-dependent manner. The highest scavenging activity against DPPH, H2O2 and HClO was observed in the ethyl acetate subfraction (PRE3) (SC50 ± SEM [μg/mL]: 25.39 ± 2.49, 1.79 ± 0.25 and 8.52 ± 1.16 respectively). It was only in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system that the antioxidation potential of the diethyl ether subfraction (PRE2) (SC50 ± SEM [μg/mL]: 6.59 ± 1.33) was higher than that of the subfraction PRE3 (SC50 ± SEM [μg/mL]: 8.57 ± 1.37). Also, in the studies of lipoxidase and hyaluronidase inhibition activity the strongest effect was observed for PRE3, with IC50 [μg/mL] = 86.31 ± 5.46, and 12.99 ± 1.31, respectively. The chromatographic method (HPTLC-DPPH) revealed that the principal substance responsible for the activity, is a tannin like compound. Isolated agrimoniin showed significant reactive oxygen species scavenging activity and significant enzyme inhibition activity (including xanthine oxidase inhibition activity). Agrimoniin exerted the strongest scavenging activity against H2O2 (SC50 ± SEM [μM]: 0.20 ± 0.01). This compound also significantly inhibited the enzymatic activity of lipoxidase (IC50 [μM] = 36.47 ± 1.29), and, particularly, of hyaluronidase (IC50 [μM] = 2.65 ± 0.40). CONCLUSIONS The strong scavenging activity against H2O2, and the inhibition of the enzymatic activity of lipoxidase, and particularly, hyaluronidase observed for the tested subfractions and agrimoniin, partly explain the beneficial effects of P. recta in treatment of skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Bazylko
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Warsaw Medical University, ul. Banacha 1, 02097 Warsaw, Poland.
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Ahadi A, Partoazar A, Abedi-Khorasgani MH, Shetab-Boushehri SV. Comparison of liquid-liquid extraction-thin layer chromatography with solid-phase extraction- high-performance thin layer chromatography in detection of urinary morphine. J Biomed Res 2013; 25:362-7. [PMID: 23554712 PMCID: PMC3596733 DOI: 10.1016/s1674-8301(11)60048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid-liquid extraction-thin layer chromatography (LLE-TLC) has been a common and routine combined method for detection of drugs in biological materials. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is gradually replacing the traditional LLE method. High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) has several advantages over TLC. The present work studied the higher efficiency of a new SPE-HPTLC method over that of a routine LLE-TLC method, in extraction and detection of urinary morphine. Fifty-eight urine samples, primarily identified as morphine-positive samples by a strip test, were re-screened by LLE-TLC and SPE-HPTLC. The results of LLE-TLC and SPE-HPTLC were then compared with each other. The results showed that the SPE-HPTLC detected 74% of total samples as morphine-positive samples whereas the LLE-TLC detected 48% of the same samples. We further discussed the effect of codeine abuse on TLC analysis of urinary morphine. Regarding the importance of morphine detection in urine, the present combined SPE-HPTLC method is suggested as a replacement method for detection of urinary morphine by many reference laboratories.
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