1
|
Peterson LA, Seabloom D, Smith WE, Vevang KR, Seelig DM, Zhang L, Wiedmann TS. Acrolein Increases the Pulmonary Tumorigenic Activity of the Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamine 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1831-1839. [PMID: 36149460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoke is a complex mixture of more than 7000 chemicals, of which many are toxic and/or carcinogenic. Many hazard assessments of tobacco have focused on individual chemical exposures without consideration of how the chemicals may interact with one another. Two chemicals, the human carcinogen 4-methylnitrosamino-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and a possible human carcinogen, acrolein, were hypothesized to interact with one another, possibly owing to the additive effects of DNA adduct formation or influence on the repair of mutagenic DNA adducts. To test our hypothesis that coexposure to NNK and acrolein is more carcinogenic than either chemical alone, A/J mice were exposed to NNK (i.p., 0, 2.5, or 7.5 μmol in saline) in the presence or absence of inhaled acrolein (15 ppmV). While the single 3 h exposure to acrolein alone did not induce lung adenomas, it significantly enhanced NNK's lung carcinogenicity. In addition, mice receiving both NNK and acrolein had more adenomas with dysplasia or progression than those receiving only NNK, suggesting that acrolein may also increase the severity of NNK-induced lung adenomas. To test the hypothesis that the interaction was due to effects on DNA adduct formation and repair, NNK- and acrolein pulmonary DNA adduct levels were assessed. There was no consistent effect of the coexposure on NNK-derived DNA adducts, and acrolein DNA adducts were not elevated above endogenous levels. This study supports the hypothesis that tobacco smoke chemicals combine to contribute to the carcinogenic potency of tobacco smoke, and the mechanism of interaction cannot be explained by alterations of DNA adduct levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Peterson
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Donna Seabloom
- AeroCore Testing Service, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - William E Smith
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Karin R Vevang
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Davis M Seelig
- Comparative Pathology Shared Resource, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States.,College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Lin Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Timothy S Wiedmann
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Peterson LA, Oram MK, Flavin M, Seabloom D, Smith WE, O’Sullivan MG, Vevang KR, Upadhyaya P, Stornetta A, Floeder AC, Ho YY, Zhang L, Hecht SS, Balbo S, Wiedmann TS. Coexposure to Inhaled Aldehydes or Carbon Dioxide Enhances the Carcinogenic Properties of the Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamine 4-Methylnitrosamino-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone in the A/J Mouse Lung. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:723-732. [PMID: 33629582 PMCID: PMC10901071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco smoke is a complex mixture of chemicals, many of which are toxic and carcinogenic. Hazard assessments of tobacco smoke exposure have predominantly focused on either single chemical exposures or the more complex mixtures of tobacco smoke or its fractions. There are fewer studies exploring interactions between specific tobacco smoke chemicals. Aldehydes such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were hypothesized to enhance the carcinogenic properties of the human carcinogen, 4-methylnitrosamino-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) through a variety of mechanisms. This hypothesis was tested in the established NNK-induced A/J mouse lung tumor model. A/J mice were exposed to NNK (intraperitoneal injection, 0, 2.5, or 7.5 μmol in saline) in the presence or absence of acetaldehyde (0 or 360 ppmv) or formaldehyde (0 or 17 ppmv) for 3 h in a nose-only inhalation chamber, and lung tumors were counted 16 weeks later. Neither aldehyde by itself induced lung tumors. However, mice receiving both NNK and acetaldehyde or formaldehyde had more adenomas with dysplasia or progression than those receiving only NNK, suggesting that aldehydes may increase the severity of NNK-induced lung adenomas. The aldehyde coexposure did not affect the levels of NNK-derived DNA adduct levels. Similar studies tested the ability of a 3 h nose-only carbon dioxide (0, 5, 10, or 15%) coexposure to influence lung adenoma formation by NNK. While carbon dioxide alone was not carcinogenic, it significantly increased the number of NNK-derived lung adenomas without affecting NNK-derived DNA damage. These studies indicate that the chemicals in tobacco smoke work together to form a potent lung carcinogenic mixture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. Peterson
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Marissa K. Oram
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Monica Flavin
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Donna Seabloom
- AeroCore Testing Service, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - William E. Smith
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - M. Gerard O’Sullivan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
- Comparative Pathology Shared Resource, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Karin R. Vevang
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Alessia Stornetta
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Andrew C. Floeder
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Yen-Yi Ho
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Stephen S. Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Silvia Balbo
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Timothy S. Wiedmann
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Corley RA, Kabilan S, Kuprat AP, Carson JP, Jacob RE, Minard KR, Teeguarden JG, Timchalk C, Pipavath S, Glenny R, Einstein DR. Comparative Risks of Aldehyde Constituents in Cigarette Smoke Using Transient Computational Fluid Dynamics/Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models of the Rat and Human Respiratory Tracts. Toxicol Sci 2015; 146:65-88. [PMID: 25858911 PMCID: PMC4476461 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling is well suited for addressing species-specific anatomy and physiology in calculating respiratory tissue exposures to inhaled materials. In this study, we overcame prior CFD model limitations to demonstrate the importance of realistic, transient breathing patterns for predicting site-specific tissue dose. Specifically, extended airway CFD models of the rat and human were coupled with airway region-specific physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) tissue models to describe the kinetics of 3 reactive constituents of cigarette smoke: acrolein, acetaldehyde and formaldehyde. Simulations of aldehyde no-observed-adverse-effect levels for nasal toxicity in the rat were conducted until breath-by-breath tissue concentration profiles reached steady state. Human oral breathing simulations were conducted using representative aldehyde yields from cigarette smoke, measured puff ventilation profiles and numbers of cigarettes smoked per day. As with prior steady-state CFD/PBPK simulations, the anterior respiratory nasal epithelial tissues received the greatest initial uptake rates for each aldehyde in the rat. However, integrated time- and tissue depth-dependent area under the curve (AUC) concentrations were typically greater in the anterior dorsal olfactory epithelium using the more realistic transient breathing profiles. For human simulations, oral and laryngeal tissues received the highest local tissue dose with greater penetration to pulmonary tissues than predicted in the rat. Based upon lifetime average daily dose comparisons of tissue hot-spot AUCs (top 2.5% of surface area-normalized AUCs in each region) and numbers of cigarettes smoked/day, the order of concern for human exposures was acrolein > formaldehyde > acetaldehyde even though acetaldehyde yields were 10-fold greater than formaldehyde and acrolein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Corley
- *Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352; Texas Advanced Computing Center, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78758; Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Senthil Kabilan
- *Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352; Texas Advanced Computing Center, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78758; Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Andrew P Kuprat
- *Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352; Texas Advanced Computing Center, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78758; Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - James P Carson
- *Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352; Texas Advanced Computing Center, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78758; Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Richard E Jacob
- *Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352; Texas Advanced Computing Center, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78758; Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Kevin R Minard
- *Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352; Texas Advanced Computing Center, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78758; Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Justin G Teeguarden
- *Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352; Texas Advanced Computing Center, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78758; Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Charles Timchalk
- *Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352; Texas Advanced Computing Center, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78758; Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Sudhakar Pipavath
- *Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352; Texas Advanced Computing Center, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78758; Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Robb Glenny
- *Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352; Texas Advanced Computing Center, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78758; Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Daniel R Einstein
- *Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352; Texas Advanced Computing Center, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78758; Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Corley RA, Kabilan S, Kuprat AP, Carson JP, Minard KR, Jacob RE, Timchalk C, Glenny R, Pipavath S, Cox T, Wallis CD, Larson RF, Fanucchi MV, Postlethwait EM, Einstein DR. Comparative computational modeling of airflows and vapor dosimetry in the respiratory tracts of rat, monkey, and human. Toxicol Sci 2012; 128:500-16. [PMID: 22584687 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models are useful for predicting site-specific dosimetry of airborne materials in the respiratory tract and elucidating the importance of species differences in anatomy, physiology, and breathing patterns. We improved the imaging and model development methods to the point where CFD models for the rat, monkey, and human now encompass airways from the nose or mouth to the lung. A total of 1272, 2172, and 135 pulmonary airways representing 17±7, 19±9, or 9±2 airway generations were included in the rat, monkey and human models, respectively. A CFD/physiologically based pharmacokinetic model previously developed for acrolein was adapted for these anatomically correct extended airway models. Model parameters were obtained from the literature or measured directly. Airflow and acrolein uptake patterns were determined under steady-state inhalation conditions to provide direct comparisons with prior data and nasal-only simulations. Results confirmed that regional uptake was sensitive to airway geometry, airflow rates, acrolein concentrations, air:tissue partition coefficients, tissue thickness, and the maximum rate of metabolism. Nasal extraction efficiencies were predicted to be greatest in the rat, followed by the monkey, and then the human. For both nasal and oral breathing modes in humans, higher uptake rates were predicted for lower tracheobronchial tissues than either the rat or monkey. These extended airway models provide a unique foundation for comparing material transport and site-specific tissue uptake across a significantly greater range of conducting airways in the rat, monkey, and human than prior CFD models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Corley
- Systems Toxicology, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|