1
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Leroue MK, Williamson KM, Curtin PC, Sontag MK, Wagner BD, Ambroggio L, Bixby M, Busgang SA, Murphy SE, Peterson LA, Vevang KR, Sipe CJ, Kirk Harris J, Reeder RW, Locandro C, Carpenter TC, Maddux AB, Simões EAF, Osborne CM, Robertson CE, Langelier C, Carcillo JA, Meert KL, Pollack MM, McQuillen PS, Mourani PM. Tobacco smoke exposure, the lower airways microbiome and outcomes of ventilated children. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:660-667. [PMID: 36750739 PMCID: PMC9903281 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco smoke exposure increases the risk and severity of lower respiratory tract infections in children, yet the mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that tobacco smoke exposure would modify the lower airway microbiome. METHODS Secondary analysis of a multicenter cohort of 362 children between ages 31 days and 18 years mechanically ventilated for >72 h. Tracheal aspirates from 298 patients, collected within 24 h of intubation, were evaluated via 16 S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Smoke exposure was determined by creatinine corrected urine cotinine levels ≥30 µg/g. RESULTS Patients had a median age of 16 (IQR 568) months. The most common admission diagnosis was lower respiratory tract infection (53%). Seventy-four (20%) patients were smoke exposed and exhibited decreased richness and Shannon diversity. Smoke exposed children had higher relative abundances of Serratia spp., Moraxella spp., Haemophilus spp., and Staphylococcus aureus. Differences were most notable in patients with bacterial and viral respiratory infections. There were no differences in development of acute respiratory distress syndrome, days of mechanical ventilation, ventilator free days at 28 days, length of stay, or mortality. CONCLUSION Among critically ill children requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation, tobacco smoke exposure is associated with decreased richness and Shannon diversity and change in microbial communities. IMPACT Tobacco smoke exposure is associated with changes in the lower airways microbiome but is not associated with clinical outcomes among critically ill pediatric patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation. This study is among the first to evaluate the impact of tobacco smoke exposure on the lower airway microbiome in children. This research helps elucidate the relationship between tobacco smoke exposure and the lower airway microbiome and may provide a possible mechanism by which tobacco smoke exposure increases the risk for poor outcomes in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Leroue
- Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Kayla M Williamson
- Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Paul C Curtin
- CHEAR Data Center, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marci K Sontag
- Epidemiology, University of Colorado, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brandie D Wagner
- Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lilliam Ambroggio
- Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Moira Bixby
- CHEAR Data Center, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefanie A Busgang
- CHEAR Data Center, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sharon E Murphy
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lisa A Peterson
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Karin R Vevang
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - J Kirk Harris
- Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ron W Reeder
- Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Todd C Carpenter
- Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Aline B Maddux
- Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Eric A F Simões
- Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Epidemiology, University of Colorado, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christina M Osborne
- Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Charles E Robertson
- Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Charles Langelier
- Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Kathleen L Meert
- Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Central Michigan University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Peter M Mourani
- Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Vevang KR, Zhang L, Grill AE, Hatsukami DK, Meier E, Nomura SO, Robien K, Peterson LA. Furan Metabolites Are Elevated in Users of Various Tobacco Products and Cannabis. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:157-161. [PMID: 36716352 PMCID: PMC10035786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to furan, a toxicant and possible human carcinogen, through multiple sources including diet and tobacco smoke. The urinary metabolites of furan are derived from the reaction of its toxic metabolite with protein nucleophiles and are biomarkers of exposure and potential harm. An established isotopic dilution liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry method was used to measure these biomarkers in urine from users of e-cigarettes, cannabis, and/or combustible tobacco with/without reduced nicotine levels. Amounts of furan mercapturic acid metabolites were higher in these individuals relative to nonsmokers, indicating that they may be at risk for potential furan-derived toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin R. Vevang
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Alex E. Grill
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Dorothy K. Hatsukami
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN,55455, USA
| | - Ellen Meier
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Stevens Point, WI, USA
| | - Sarah Oppeneer Nomura
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kim Robien
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Lisa A. Peterson
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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3
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Peterson LA, Seabloom D, Smith WE, Vevang KR, Seelig DM, Zhang L, Wiedmann TS. Acrolein Increases the Pulmonary Tumorigenic Activity of the Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamine 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1831-1839. [PMID: 36149460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoke is a complex mixture of more than 7000 chemicals, of which many are toxic and/or carcinogenic. Many hazard assessments of tobacco have focused on individual chemical exposures without consideration of how the chemicals may interact with one another. Two chemicals, the human carcinogen 4-methylnitrosamino-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and a possible human carcinogen, acrolein, were hypothesized to interact with one another, possibly owing to the additive effects of DNA adduct formation or influence on the repair of mutagenic DNA adducts. To test our hypothesis that coexposure to NNK and acrolein is more carcinogenic than either chemical alone, A/J mice were exposed to NNK (i.p., 0, 2.5, or 7.5 μmol in saline) in the presence or absence of inhaled acrolein (15 ppmV). While the single 3 h exposure to acrolein alone did not induce lung adenomas, it significantly enhanced NNK's lung carcinogenicity. In addition, mice receiving both NNK and acrolein had more adenomas with dysplasia or progression than those receiving only NNK, suggesting that acrolein may also increase the severity of NNK-induced lung adenomas. To test the hypothesis that the interaction was due to effects on DNA adduct formation and repair, NNK- and acrolein pulmonary DNA adduct levels were assessed. There was no consistent effect of the coexposure on NNK-derived DNA adducts, and acrolein DNA adducts were not elevated above endogenous levels. This study supports the hypothesis that tobacco smoke chemicals combine to contribute to the carcinogenic potency of tobacco smoke, and the mechanism of interaction cannot be explained by alterations of DNA adduct levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Peterson
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Donna Seabloom
- AeroCore Testing Service, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - William E Smith
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Karin R Vevang
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Davis M Seelig
- Comparative Pathology Shared Resource, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States.,College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Lin Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Timothy S Wiedmann
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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4
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Peterson LA, Oram MK, Flavin M, Seabloom D, Smith WE, O’Sullivan MG, Vevang KR, Upadhyaya P, Stornetta A, Floeder AC, Ho YY, Zhang L, Hecht SS, Balbo S, Wiedmann TS. Coexposure to Inhaled Aldehydes or Carbon Dioxide Enhances the Carcinogenic Properties of the Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamine 4-Methylnitrosamino-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone in the A/J Mouse Lung. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:723-732. [PMID: 33629582 PMCID: PMC10901071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco smoke is a complex mixture of chemicals, many of which are toxic and carcinogenic. Hazard assessments of tobacco smoke exposure have predominantly focused on either single chemical exposures or the more complex mixtures of tobacco smoke or its fractions. There are fewer studies exploring interactions between specific tobacco smoke chemicals. Aldehydes such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were hypothesized to enhance the carcinogenic properties of the human carcinogen, 4-methylnitrosamino-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) through a variety of mechanisms. This hypothesis was tested in the established NNK-induced A/J mouse lung tumor model. A/J mice were exposed to NNK (intraperitoneal injection, 0, 2.5, or 7.5 μmol in saline) in the presence or absence of acetaldehyde (0 or 360 ppmv) or formaldehyde (0 or 17 ppmv) for 3 h in a nose-only inhalation chamber, and lung tumors were counted 16 weeks later. Neither aldehyde by itself induced lung tumors. However, mice receiving both NNK and acetaldehyde or formaldehyde had more adenomas with dysplasia or progression than those receiving only NNK, suggesting that aldehydes may increase the severity of NNK-induced lung adenomas. The aldehyde coexposure did not affect the levels of NNK-derived DNA adduct levels. Similar studies tested the ability of a 3 h nose-only carbon dioxide (0, 5, 10, or 15%) coexposure to influence lung adenoma formation by NNK. While carbon dioxide alone was not carcinogenic, it significantly increased the number of NNK-derived lung adenomas without affecting NNK-derived DNA damage. These studies indicate that the chemicals in tobacco smoke work together to form a potent lung carcinogenic mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. Peterson
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Marissa K. Oram
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Monica Flavin
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Donna Seabloom
- AeroCore Testing Service, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - William E. Smith
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - M. Gerard O’Sullivan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
- Comparative Pathology Shared Resource, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Karin R. Vevang
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Alessia Stornetta
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Andrew C. Floeder
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Yen-Yi Ho
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Stephen S. Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Silvia Balbo
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Timothy S. Wiedmann
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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5
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Schmidt KM, Haddad EN, Sugino KY, Vevang KR, Peterson LA, Koratkar R, Gross MD, Kerver JM, Comstock SS. Dietary and plasma carotenoids are positively associated with alpha diversity in the fecal microbiota of pregnant women. J Food Sci 2021; 86:602-613. [PMID: 33449409 PMCID: PMC10035785 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Because microbes use carotenoids as an antioxidant for protection, dietary carotenoids could be associated with gut microbiota composition. We aimed to determine associations among reported carotenoid intake, plasma carotenoid concentrations, and fecal bacterial communities in pregnant women. Pregnant women (n = 27) were enrolled in a two-arm study designed to assess feasibility of biospecimen collection and delivery of a practical nutrition intervention. Plasma and fecal samples were collected and women were surveyed with a 24-hr dietary checklist and recalls. Plasma carotenoids were analyzed by HPLC using photodiode array detection. Fecal bacteria were analyzed by 16S rRNA DNA sequencing. Results presented are cross-sectional from the 36-week gestational study visit combined across both study arms due to lack of significant differences between intervention and usual care groups (n = 23 women with complete data). Recent intake of carotenoid-containing foods included carrots, sweet potatoes, mangos, apricots, and/or bell peppers for 48% of women; oranges/orange juice (17%); egg (39%); tomato/tomato-based sauces (52%); fruits (83%); and vegetables (65%). Average plasma carotenoid concentrations were 6.4 µg/dL α-carotene (AC), 17.7 µg/dL β-carotene (BC), 11.4 µg/dL cryptoxanthin, 39.0 µg/dL trans-lycopene, and 29.8 µg/dL zeaxanthin and lutein. AC and BC concentrations were higher in women who recently consumed foods high in carotenoids. CR concentrations were higher in women who consumed oranges/orange juice. Microbiota α-diversity positively correlated with AC and BC. Microbiota β-diversity differed significantly across reported intake of carotenoid containing foods and plasma concentrations of AC. This may reflect an effect of high fiber or improved overall dietary quality, rather than a specific effect of carotenoids. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Little is known about the association between the gut microbiome and specific dietary microconstituents, such as carotenoids, especially during pregnancy. This research demonstrates that a carotenoid-rich diet during pregnancy supports a diverse microbiota, which could be one mechanism by which carotenoids promote health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M. Schmidt
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Eliot N. Haddad
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kameron Y. Sugino
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Karin R. Vevang
- The Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lisa A. Peterson
- The Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Revati Koratkar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Myron D. Gross
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jean M. Kerver
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Sarah S. Comstock
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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6
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Boysen G, Arora R, Degner A, Vevang KR, Chao C, Rodriguez F, Walmsley SJ, Erber L, Tretyakova NY, Peterson LA. Effects of GSTT1 Genotype on the Detoxification of 1,3-Butadiene Derived Diepoxide and Formation of Promutagenic DNA-DNA Cross-Links in Human Hapmap Cell Lines. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 34:119-131. [PMID: 33381973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Smoking is a leading cause of lung cancer, accounting for 81% of lung cancer cases. Tobacco smoke contains over 5000 compounds, of which more than 70 have been classified as human carcinogens. Of the many tobacco smoke constituents, 1,3-butadiene (BD) has a high cancer risk index due to its tumorigenic potency and its abundance in cigarette smoke. The carcinogenicity of BD has been attributed to the formation of several epoxide metabolites, of which 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane (DEB) is the most toxic and mutagenic. DEB is formed by two oxidation reactions carried out by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, mainly CYP2E1. Glutathione-S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) facilitates the conjugation of DEB to glutathione as the first step of its detoxification and subsequent elimination via the mercapturic acid pathway. Human biomonitoring studies have revealed a strong association between GSTT1 copy number and urinary concentrations of BD-mercapturic acids, suggesting that it plays an important role in the metabolism of BD. To determine the extent that GSTT1 genotype affects the susceptibility of individuals to the toxic and genotoxic properties of DEB, GSTT1 negative and GSTT1 positive HapMap lymphoblastoid cell lines were treated with DEB, and the extent of apoptosis and micronuclei (MN) formation was assessed. These toxicological end points were compared to the formation of DEB-GSH conjugates and 1,4-bis-(guan-7-yl)-2,3-butanediol (bis-N7G-BD) DNA-DNA cross-links. GSTT1 negative cell lines were more sensitive to DEB-induced apoptosis as compared to GSTT1 positive cell lines. Consistent with the protective effect of GSH conjugation against DEB-derived apoptosis, GSTT1 positive cell lines formed significantly more DEB-GSH conjugate than GSTT1 negative cell lines. However, GSTT1 genotype did not affect formation of MN or bis-N7G-BD cross-links. These results indicate that GSTT1 genotype significantly influences BD metabolism and acute toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Boysen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States.,The Winthrop P Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Rashi Arora
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Amanda Degner
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Karin R Vevang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher Chao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Freddys Rodriguez
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Scott J Walmsley
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Luke Erber
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Natalia Y Tretyakova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Lisa A Peterson
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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7
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Kassem NOF, Peterson LA, Liles S, Kassem NO, Zaki FK, Lui KJ, Vevang KR, Dodder NG, Hoh E, Hovell MF. Urinary metabolites of furan in waterpipe tobacco smokers compared to non-smokers in home settings in the US. Toxicol Lett 2020; 333:202-210. [PMID: 32814080 PMCID: PMC10883161 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Determine uptake of furan, a potential human carcinogen, in waterpipe tobacco (WPT) smokers in home settings. METHODS We analysed data from a US convenience sample of 50 exclusive WPT smokers, mean age 25.3 years, and 25 non-smokers, mean age 25.5 years. For WPT smokers, data were collected at a home visit by research assistants during which participants smoked one WPT head of one brand for a mean of 33.1 min in their homes. Research assistants provided and prepared a WP for participants by weighing and loading 10 g of WPT in the WP head. At the completion of the smoking session, research assistants measured the remaining WPT. Cotinine and six furan metabolites were quantified in first morning urine samples provided on 2 consecutive days for non-smokers, and on the morning of a WPT smoking session and on the following morning for smokers. RESULTS WPT smokers consumed a mean of 2.99 g WPT. In WPT smokers, urinary cotinine levels increased significantly 26.1 times the following morning; however, urinary metabolites of furan did not increase significantly. Compared to non-smokers, 2 furan metabolites, N-acetyl-S-[1-(5-acetylamino-5-carboxylpentyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-L-cysteine and N-acetyl-S-[1-(5-amino-5-carboxypentyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-L-cysteine sulfoxide, were significantly higher in WPT smokers in pre and in post WPT smoking levels. CONCLUSIONS To enable a more rigorous assessment of furan exposure from WPT smoking, future research should determine furan concentrations in WPT smoke, quantify furan metabolites from users of various WPT brands; and extend the investigation to social settings where WPT smoking is habitually practiced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada O F Kassem
- Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health (CBEACH), Hookah Tobacco Studies Division, San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, 92123, United States.
| | - Lisa A Peterson
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences and the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Sandy Liles
- Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health (CBEACH), Hookah Tobacco Studies Division, San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, 92123, United States
| | - Noura O Kassem
- Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health (CBEACH), Hookah Tobacco Studies Division, San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, 92123, United States
| | - Flora K Zaki
- Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health (CBEACH), Hookah Tobacco Studies Division, San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, 92123, United States
| | - Kung-Jong Lui
- San Diego State University Research Foundation, 5250 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, United States
| | - Karin R Vevang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences and the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Nathan G Dodder
- San Diego State University Research Foundation, 5250 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, United States
| | - Eunha Hoh
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, United States
| | - Melbourne F Hovell
- Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health (CBEACH), Hookah Tobacco Studies Division, San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, 92123, United States
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8
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Peterson LA, Oram MK, Seabloom DE, Smith WE, Stornetta A, Vevang KR, Flavin M, Tabaran AF, Cornax I, Gerard O’Sullivan M, Upadhyaya P, Zhang L, Hecht SS, Balbo S, Wiedmann TS. Abstract A19: Interactions between tobacco smoke chemicals in rodent tumor models. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6215.envcaprev19-a19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Tobacco is a complex chemical mixture, containing many toxicants and carcinogens. Most rodent risk assessment studies have focused on single chemicals or the complicated mixtures of tobacco smoke or its fractions. There are few studies evaluating how specific chemicals interact with one another to form the potent carcinogenic mixture of tobacco smoke. We hypothesized that tobacco smoke aldehydes like formaldehyde and acetaldehyde could enhance the carcinogenic properties of the tobacco-specific nitrosamines, N’-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-methylnitrosamine-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), through a variety of mechanisms. This hypothesis was tested in two established rodent tumor models, the NNN-induced rat esophageal tumor model and the NNK-induced A/J mouse lung tumor model. In the first model, rats were exposed to 0, 4, or 8 ppm NNN in the drinking water in the presence or absence of 3000 ppm acetaldehyde for up to 100 weeks. The number of esophageal papillomas per rat was doubled in animals receiving both acetaldehyde and 8 ppm NNN (0.5 versus 1.15 tumors/rat, respectively). Acetaldehyde alone did not cause esophageal tumors. DNA adduct levels were not affected by the combination of the two chemicals. In the second model, A/J mice were exposed to NNK (i.p, 0, 2.5, or 7.5 μmol in saline) in the presence or absence of acetaldehyde (0 or 360 ppmv) or formaldehyde (0 or 15 ppmv) for 3 hours in a nose-only inhalation chamber. Lung tumors were counted 16 weeks later. Neither aldehyde by itself induced lung tumors. However, mice receiving both NNK and acetaldehyde or formaldehyde had an increased number of adenomas with dysplasia or progression than those receiving only NNK, suggesting that aldehydes may increase dysplasia in tumors initiated by NNK. As in the rat study, DNA adduct levels were not affected by the coexposure. In a separate experiment, we tested the hypothesis that the elevated levels of carbon dioxide in tobacco smoke could affect the carcinogenic properties of NNK in the A/J mouse; tobacco smoke contains 12.5% carbon dioxide. Mice received a 3 h nose-only carbon dioxide (0, 5, 10, or 15%) coexposure of mice receiving NNK (i.p. in saline, 0, 2.5, or 7.5 μmol). The coexposure to carbon dioxide more than doubled the number of lung adenomas induced by 2.5 μmol NNK, with the maximal effect observed with 10% carbon dioxide (0%: 1.8 ± 1.9; 5%: 3.9 ± 2.8; 10%: 7.1 ± 3.5; 15%; 5.5 ± 2.9 lung adenomas/mouse). Lung adenomas were also significantly increased in mice receiving 7.5 μmol NNK, although to a lesser extent (0%: 11 ± 6.2; 5%: 13 ± 7.9; 10%: 18 ± 6.0; 15%; 12 ± 5.3 lung adenomas/mouse). This additive and synergistic effect of carbon dioxide was highly significant (p value = 1.0 × 10-14). The mechanism of this interaction is under investigation. Collectively, these studies support the hypothesis that the aldehydes and carbon dioxide present in the tobacco mixture interact to enhance the carcinogenic potency of the tobacco specific nitrosamines. (Funded by CA-184987.)
Citation Format: Lisa A. Peterson, Marissa K. Oram, Donna E. Seabloom, William E. Smith, Alessia Stornetta, Karin R. Vevang, Monica Flavin, Alexandru F. Tabaran, Ingrid Cornax, M. Gerard O’Sullivan, Pramod Upadhyaya, Lin Zhang, Stephen S. Hecht, Silvia Balbo, Timothy S. Wiedmann. Interactions between tobacco smoke chemicals in rodent tumor models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Environmental Carcinogenesis: Potential Pathway to Cancer Prevention; 2019 Jun 22-24; Charlotte, NC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2020;13(7 Suppl): Abstract nr A19.
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Affiliation(s)
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- 1University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN,
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Tǎbǎran AF, O'Sullivan MG, Seabloom DE, Vevang KR, Smith WE, Wiedmann TS, Peterson LA. Inhaled Furan Selectively Damages Club Cells in Lungs of A/J Mice. Toxicol Pathol 2019; 47:842-850. [PMID: 31426723 DOI: 10.1177/0192623319869306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Furan, a possible human carcinogen, is a product of incomplete combustion and is present in cigarette smoke, engine exhaust, and processed food. Oral administration induces liver toxicity and carcinogenesis in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. To assess possible adverse effects from inhalation, A/J mice were nose-only exposed for 3 hours to furan (0, 30, 75, 150, 300, or 600 ppmv) and euthanized after 24 hours, 48 hours, or 1 week. Histopathology evaluation revealed bronchiolar club cell necrosis (diffuse, marked) with airway denudation following exposure to 300 and 600 ppmv furan with evidence of club cell regeneration and partial repair after 1 week. Initial signs of hepatotoxicity were observed in the 150 ppmv furan-exposed group. Acute necrosis and mineralization were observed in livers at 24 and 48 hours with hepatocyte regeneration by 1-week postexposure in mice exposed to 300 and 600 ppmv furan; the 300 ppmv exposed group had multifocal mineralization that evoked a mild granulomatous response. Measurement of urinary furan metabolites confirmed that the mice metabolized furan to the toxic intermediate, cis-2-butene-1,4-dial. These observations indicate that inhaled furan is toxic to lungs with club cells as the target as well as liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru-Flaviu Tǎbǎran
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA.,Comparative Pathology Shared Resource, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - M Gerard O'Sullivan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA.,Comparative Pathology Shared Resource, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - Donna E Seabloom
- AeroCore Testing Service, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Karin R Vevang
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - William E Smith
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Timothy S Wiedmann
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lisa A Peterson
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. Tǎbǎran is now with the Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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