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Kurt D, Yalçin E, Çavuşoğlu K. GC-MS and HPLC supported phytochemical analysis of watercress and the protective role against paraben toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:6033-6046. [PMID: 35986852 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22380-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the phytochemical content of Nasturtium officinale R. Br. (watercress) leaf extract (Noex) and its protective effects against paraben toxicity were investigated. GC-MS and HPLC analyses were performed to determine the phytochemical content. Paraben toxicity and protective properties of Noex were investigated with the Allium test, and 6 different groups were formed for this purpose. Toxicity in each group was investigated by using physiological, cytogenetic, biochemical, and anatomical parameters. DNA-paraben interaction was investigated with spectroscopic analysis for the genotoxicity mechanism. As a result of the study, paraben (500 mM) caused a regression in the physiological parameters related to germination in Allium cepa L. bulbs. Paraben caused a 43.3% reduction in mitotic index (MI) rates compared to control, which is likely the reason for the decrease in germination-related parameters. With the application of paraben in root tip cells, the frequency of micronucleus (MN) and chromosomal aberrations (CAs) increased and a high genotoxic effect was observed. Paraben promoted CAs such as fragment, sticky chromosome, bridge, unequal distribution of chromatin, and irregular mitosis. It also caused anatomical damage in the form of epidermis cell damage, flattened cell nucleus, cortex cell damage, cortex cell walls thickening, and unclear vascular tissue in root tip meristem cells. Paraben-DNA interaction was caused by bathochromic and hypochromic shifts in the UV spectrum of DNA, indicating the intercalation mode of interaction. Paraben also caused an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, a decrease in glutathione (GSH) levels, and abnormalities in antioxidant enzyme levels (superoxide dismutase = SOD and catalase = CAT), thereby disrupting the antioxidant/oxidant dynamics in the cell. The basis of physiological, cytological, and genetic abnormalities was attributed to the oxidative stress in the cell. Administration of Noex produced a dose-dependent incremental improvement in paraben-induced abnormalities. The increase in GSH levels and the decrease in MDA levels observed as a result of the Noex application contributed to the restoration of antioxidant/oxidant balance, and this improvement was also reflected in other parameters. Application of 200 mg/L Noex provided a 24.2% improvement in the MI rate reduced by paraben, and accordingly, an increase in germination parameters was observed. Similarly, the frequencies of MN and CAs, which are signs of genotoxicity, decreased with the Noex application. As a result of the phytochemical analysis of Noex with HPLC and GC-MS, the presence of strong antioxidant and antimutagenic substances such as rutin, coumaric acid, ferrulic acid, L-serine, L-proline, and phytol were determined in Noex structure. The curative effects of Noex against paraben toxicity can be attributed to these active ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Kurt
- Laboratory and Veterinary Health Program, Vocational School of Alucra Turan Bulutçu, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey.
| | - Emine Yalçin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Kültiğin Çavuşoğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
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Lima PG, Freitas CDT, Oliveira JTA, Neto NAS, Amaral JL, Silva AFB, Sousa JS, Franco OL, Souza PFN. Synthetic antimicrobial peptides control Penicillium digitatum infection in orange fruits. Food Res Int 2021; 147:110582. [PMID: 34399551 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fungal contamination is among the main reasons for food spoilage, affecting food safety and the economy. Among fungi, Penicillium digitatum is a major agent of this problem. Here, the in vitro activity of eight synthetic antimicrobial peptides was assessed against P. digitatum, and their action mechanisms were evaluated. All peptides were able to inhibit fungal growth. Furthermore, atomic force and fluorescence microscopies revealed that all peptides targeted the fungal membrane leading to pore formation, loss of internal content, and death. The induction of high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was also a mechanism employed by some peptides. Interestingly, only three peptides (PepGAT, PepKAA, and Mo-CBP3-PepI) effectively control P. digitatum colonization in orange fruits, at a concentration (50 µg mL-1) 20-fold lower than the commercial food preservative (sodium propionate). Altogether, PepGAT, PepKAA, and Mo-CBP3-PepI showed high biotechnological potential as new food preservatives to control food infection by P. digitatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia G Lima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará CEP 60.440-554, Brazil
| | - Cleverson D T Freitas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará CEP 60.440-554, Brazil
| | - Jose T A Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará CEP 60.440-554, Brazil
| | - Nilton A S Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará CEP 60.440-554, Brazil
| | - Jackson L Amaral
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará CEP 60.440-554, Brazil; Department of Physics, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ayrles F B Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará CEP 60.440-554, Brazil; Department of Physics, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Jeanlex S Sousa
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Octávio L Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117900, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília 70790160, Brazil
| | - Pedro F N Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará CEP 60.440-554, Brazil.
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Abd-Elhakim YM, Hashem MMM, Abo-El-Sooud K, Ali HA, Anwar A, El-Metwally AE, Mahmoud EA, Moustafa GG. Involvement of tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon gamma-γ, and interleukins 1β, 6, and 10 in immunosuppression due to long-term exposure to five common food preservatives in rats. Gene 2020; 742:144590. [PMID: 32179172 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Food preservatives are abundant in many products in the human environment. However, little is known about the impact of many food preservatives on the immune system and the immune related genes. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of five widespread food preservatives, including butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), potassium sorbate (PS), sodium benzoate (SB), boric acid (BA), and calcium propionate (CP), on haemato-immune functions. METHOD Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to groups orally administered water (control), BHA (0.09 mg/kg), PS (4.5 mg/kg), SB (0.9 mg/kg), BA (0.16 mg/kg) or CP (0.18 mg/kg) for 90 consecutive days. Leukogram and erythrogram profiles were assessed. Nitric oxide and immunoglobulin levels together with phagocytic and lysozyme activities were estimated. Histologic examinations and histomorphometric analysis of splenic tissues were performed. Variations in the mRNA expression levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFNγ), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 were assessed. RESULTS Anemic conditions, thrombocytopenia, leucocytopaenia simultaneous with lymphocytopaenia, monocytopenia, and esinopenia have been obvious following long term exposure to the tested food additives. Prominent exhaustion was noted in immunoglobulin and NO levels and in lysozyme and phagocytic activities. IFNγ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 were obviously upregulated in the groups exposed to food preservatives. CONCLUSION These results confirmed that continued exposure to high levels of BHA, PS, SB, BA, and CP has haematotoxic and immunotoxic effects. Furthermore, these adverse effects are mediated by cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina M Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M M Hashem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Khaled Abo-El-Sooud
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Haytham A Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Anwar
- Immunology Unit, Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Essam A Mahmoud
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Gihan G Moustafa
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Qu D, Jiang M, Huang D, Zhang H, Feng L, Chen Y, Zhu X, Wang S, Han J. Synergistic Effects of The Enhancements to Mitochondrial ROS, p53 Activation and Apoptosis Generated by Aspartame and Potassium Sorbate in HepG2 Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:E457. [PMID: 30696035 PMCID: PMC6384600 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The safety of food additives has been widely concerned. Using single additives in the provisions of scope is safe, but the combination of additives, may induce additive, synergy, antagonism and other joint effects. This study investigated the cytotoxicity of aspartame (AT) together with potassium sorbate (PS). Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay indicated that AT and PS had IC50 values of 0.48 g/L and 1.25 g/L at 24 h, respectively. High content analysis (HCA) showed that both AT and PS had a negative effect on mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage while the joint group behaved more obviously. The biochemical assays revealed typical cell morphological changes and the activation of cytochrome c and caspase-3 verified apoptosis induced by AT together with PS. With dissipation of MMP and increase of cell membrane permeability (CMP), it indicated AT together with PS-induced apoptosis was mediated by mitochondrial pathway. Meanwhile, p53 were involved in DNA damage, and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 was increased. Moreover, excessive ROS induced by AT together with PS is a key initiating factor for apoptosis. All these results proved that p53 was involved in apoptosis via mitochondria-mediated pathway and the process was regulated by ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daofeng Qu
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, China.
| | - Mengxue Jiang
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, China.
| | - Dongping Huang
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, China.
| | - Lifang Feng
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, China.
| | - Yuewen Chen
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, China.
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, China.
| | - Suhua Wang
- Wenzhou Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Jianzhong Han
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, China.
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Abd-Elhakim YM, Anwar A, Hashem MM, Moustafa GG, Abo-El-Sooud K. Sodium Acetate, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, and Citric Acid Impacts on Isolated Peripheral Lymphocyte Viability, Proliferation, and DNA Damage. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 32:e22171. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina M. Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt
| | - Abeer Anwar
- Immunology Unit; Animal Reproduction Research Institute (ARRI); Giza Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Hashem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Cairo University; Giza Egypt
| | - Gihan G. Moustafa
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt
| | - Khaled Abo-El-Sooud
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Cairo University; Giza Egypt
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ŞAHİN Z, KOCA S. Determination of the Genotoxicity of the Soil in the Aydın Region Irrigated by Büyük Menderes River by the Allium Test System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.17776/csj.405712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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de Souza RB, de Souza CP, Bueno OC, Fontanetti CS. Genotoxicity evaluation of two metallic-insecticides using Allium cepa and Tradescantia pallida: A new alternative against leaf-cutting ants. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 168:1093-1099. [PMID: 27816288 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to combat leaf-cutting ants, the pesticide sulfluramid used to be the most widely utilized active ingredient. However, its use was banned in 2009 by the Stockholm Convention, although some countries were allowed to continue using it. As an effective alternative to its replacement, researchers developed a metallic-insecticide system, which is a natural product linked to metal complexes. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of these new metallic-insecticides in change the genetic material of non-target organisms. The tests were performed utilizing chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus tests in the Allium cepa test system and the Trad-MCN test in Tradescantia pallida. To better understand the results, one of the components of the formula, 5-methyl-phenanthroline, was also analyzed according to the same parameters. To A. cepa, the results showed that one of the metallic insecticides induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity at different concentrations, while the other metallic-insecticide showed chromosomal instability only at the highest concentration. The analysis of 5-methyl-phenanthroline revealed that it can be related with the positive results, since genotoxic effects were induced. In the Trad-MCN test, none of the metallic-insecticides showed genotoxic activity, although one of them induced more micronucleus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Bastão de Souza
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Biology, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleiton Pereira de Souza
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Biology, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Odair Correa Bueno
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Biology, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carmem Silvia Fontanetti
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Biology, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Banipal TS, Kaur N, Kaur J, Komal, Banipal PK. Modulation of physicochemical and spectroscopic properties of l-serine and l-proline by propionate based food preservatives. Food Chem 2016; 209:220-7. [PMID: 27173555 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To have an insight into the effect of preservatives on various ingredients of processed items, it is important to study their thermodynamic, transport and spectroscopic properties in aqueous solutions to elucidate various solute-co-solute interactions. The densities, viscosities and enthalpies of dilution of l-serine and l-proline have been determined in water and in aqueous solutions of sodium propionate and calcium propionate at different temperatures. The derived parameters elucidate the changes in taste quality and hydration number of l-serine and l-proline in the presence of the studied preservatives. Predominance of dehydration effect has been observed from calorimetry and changes in chemical shifts from nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy also support the above results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarlok S Banipal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
| | - Navalpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Komal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Parampaul K Banipal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
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Leite ADS, Dantas AF, Oliveira GLDS, Gomes Júnior AL, de Lima SG, Citó AMDGL, de Freitas RM, Melo-Cavalcante AADC, Dantas Lopes JA. Evaluation of toxic, cytotoxic, mutagenic, and antimutagenic activities of natural and technical cashew nut shell liquids using the Allium cepa and Artemia salina bioassays. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:626835. [PMID: 25861638 PMCID: PMC4377390 DOI: 10.1155/2015/626835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The cashew nut releases a substance that is known as cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). There are both natural (iCNSL) and technical (tCNSL) cashew nut shell liquids. This study used an Artemia salina bioassay to evaluate the toxic effects of iCNSL and tCNSL cashew nut shell liquids. It also evaluated the toxicity, cytotoxicity, and mutagenicity of CNSL and its effects on the damage induced by copper sulfate (CuSO4·5H2O) on the meristems' root of Allium cepa. Effects of the damage induced by CuSO4·5H2O were evaluated before (pre-), during (co-), and after (post-) treatments. The iCNSL contained 94.5% anacardic acid, and the tCNSL contained 91.3% cardanol. The liquids were toxic to A. salina. Toxicity, cytotoxicity, and mutagenicity were observed with iCNSL compared with the negative control. Similarly, iCNSL failed to inhibit the toxicity and cytotoxicity of CuSO4·5H2O. The tCNSL was not toxic, cytotoxic, or mutagenic in any of the concentrations. However, the lowest iCNSL concentrations and all of the tCNSL concentrations had preventive, antimutagenic, and reparative effects on micronuclei and on chromosomal aberrations in the A. cepa. Therefore, protective, modulating, and reparative effects may be observed in the A. cepa, depending on the concentration and type of CNSL used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aracelli de Sousa Leite
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Genética Toxicológica de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, 6409-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (RENORBIO) da Universidade Federal do Piauí, 6409-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Alisson Ferreira Dantas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - George Laylson da Silva Oliveira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Neuroquímica Experimental do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, 6409-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Antonio L. Gomes Júnior
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Genética Toxicológica de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, 6409-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Sidney Gonçalo de Lima
- Departamento de Química, CCN, Universidade Federal do Piauí, 6409-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | | | - Rivelilson M. de Freitas
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Neuroquímica Experimental do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, 6409-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Ana Amélia de C. Melo-Cavalcante
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Genética Toxicológica de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, 6409-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (RENORBIO) da Universidade Federal do Piauí, 6409-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - José Arimateia Dantas Lopes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (RENORBIO) da Universidade Federal do Piauí, 6409-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Neuroquímica Experimental do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, 6409-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
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Banipal TS, Kaur N, Kaur A, Gupta M, Banipal PK. Effect of food preservatives on the hydration properties and taste behavior of amino acids: a volumetric and viscometric approach. Food Chem 2015; 181:339-46. [PMID: 25794759 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Thermodynamic and transport properties of aqueous solutions are very useful in the elucidation of solute-solvent and solute-solute interactions, which help to understand the hydration and taste behavior of solutes. The densities and viscosities of L-glycine, β-alanine and L-leucine have been determined in water and in aqueous solutions of sodium propionate (NaP) and calcium propionate (CaP) at temperatures 298.15 and 308.15K. From these data, apparent molar volumes (V2,ϕ), viscosity B-coefficients and corresponding transfer parameters (ΔtrV2,ϕo and ΔtrB) have been calculated. The dB/dT values suggest that L-glycine and β-alanine act as structure-breaker, while L-leucine acts as structure-maker both in water and in aqueous solutions of NaP and CaP. The decrease in hydration number and change in taste behavior have also been observed with increasing concentration of the cosolute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarlok S Banipal
- Department of chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
| | - Navalpreet Kaur
- Department of chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Amanpreet Kaur
- Department of chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Mehak Gupta
- Department of chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Parampaul K Banipal
- Department of chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
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Effect of sodium benzoate preservative on micronucleus induction, chromosome break, and Ala40Thr superoxide dismutase gene mutation in lymphocytes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:103512. [PMID: 25785261 PMCID: PMC4346689 DOI: 10.1155/2015/103512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sodium benzoate is food preservative that inhibits microbial growth. The effects of sodium benzoate preservative on micronucleus induction, chromosome break, and Ala40Thr superoxide dismutase gene mutation in lymphocytes were studied. Sodium benzoate concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg/mL were treated in lymphocyte cell line for 24 and 48 hrs, respectively. Micronucleus test, standard chromosome culture technique, PCR, and automated sequencing technique were done to detect micronucleus, chromosome break, and gene mutation. The results showed that, at 24- and 48-hour. incubation time, sodium benzoate concentrations of 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg/mL increased micronucleus formation when comparing with the control group (P < 0.05). At 24- and 48-hour. incubation time, sodium benzoate concentrations of 2.0 mg/mL increased chromosome break when comparing with the control group (P < 0.05). Sodium benzoate did not cause Ala40Thr (GCG→ACG) in superoxide dismutase gene. Sodium benzoate had the mutagenic and cytotoxic toxicity in lymphocytes caused by micronucleus formation and chromosome break.
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Abda A, Benouareth DE, Tabet M, Liman R, Konuk M, Khallef M, Taher A. Mutagenicity and genotoxicity of drinking water in Guelma region, Algeria. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:21. [PMID: 25626560 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-4223-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a battery of genotoxicity assays for monitoring drinking water was performed to assess the quality of the water resulting from the treatment plants. Five different types of samples were collected: raw water (P1), treated after pre-chlorination (P2), treated after decantation (P3), treated post-chlorination (P4), and consumers' taps (P5-P12). This study aims to evaluate the formation/occurrence of mutagenic and/or genotoxic compounds in surface drinking waters treated with chlorine disinfectant, during four seasonal experiments: summer, autumn, winter, and spring between 2012 and 2013 by bacterial reverse mutation assay in both Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains with or without metabolic activation system (S9 mix) and Allium cepa root meristematic cells, respectively. All of water samples, except at P1, P2, and P5 in summer; P1 in autumn; and P1 and P3-P12 in spring without S9 mix, and at P1 and P2 in summer and P6 and P8-P12 in spring with S9 mix, were found to be mutagenic in S. typhimurium TA98. However, only P11 and P12 in winter were found to be mutagenic for TA100 without S9 mix. The tested preparations in Allium anaphase-telophase test revealed a significant decrease in mitotic index (MI) and a simultaneous increase in chromosome aberrations (CAs) compared to the control. The bridge, stickiness, vagrant chromosomes, and disturbed chromosome aberrations were observed in anaphase-telophase cells. Physicochemical analysis, trihalomethanes (THMs), romoform (CHBr3), chloroform (CHCl3), bromodichloromethane (CHBrCl2), and dibromochloromethane (CHBr2Cl) levels in water samples were also determined. The results show also that this short-term battery tests are applicable in the routine monitoring of drinking water quality before and after distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlem Abda
- Biology Department, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Earth and Universe Sciences, University 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 401, 24000, Guelma, Algeria
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Kumar G, Pandey A. Genotoxic and mito-depressive effects of food preservatives on root meristems of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3199/iscb.10.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Girjesh Kumar
- Plant Genetics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad-211002, India
| | - Asha Pandey
- Plant Genetics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad-211002, India
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Carocho M, Barreiro MF, Morales P, Ferreira ICFR. Adding Molecules to Food, Pros and Cons: A Review on Synthetic and Natural Food Additives. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2014; 13:377-399. [PMID: 33412697 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The pressing issue to feed the increasing world population has created a demand to enhance food production, which has to be cheaper, but at the same time must meet high quality standards. Taste, appearance, texture, and microbiological safety are required to be preserved within a foodstuff for the longest period of time. Although considerable improvements have been achieved in terms of food additives, some are still enveloped in controversy. The lack of uniformity in worldwide laws regarding additives, along with conflicting results of many studies help foster this controversy. In this report, the most important preservatives, nutritional additives, coloring, flavoring, texturizing, and miscellaneous agents are analyzed in terms of safety and toxicity. Natural additives and extracts, which are gaining interest due to changes in consumer habits are also evaluated in terms of their benefits to health and combined effects. Technologies, like edible coatings and films, which have helped overcome some drawbacks of additives, but still pose some disadvantages, are briefly addressed. Future trends like nanoencapsulation and the development of "smart" additives and packages, specific vaccines for intolerance to additives, use of fungi to produce additives, and DNA recombinant technologies are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Carocho
- Mountain Research Center (CIMO) ESA, Polytechnic Inst. of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal.,Dept. of Nutrition and Bromatology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense Univ. of Madrid, Pza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Filomena Barreiro
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering (LSRE), Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Polytechnic Inst. of Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia Apartado 1134, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Patricia Morales
- Dept. of Nutrition and Bromatology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense Univ. of Madrid, Pza Ramón y Cajal s/n, E-28040 Madrid s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Mountain Research Center (CIMO) ESA, Polytechnic Inst. of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal
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Silici S, Karaman K. Inhibitory Effect of Propolis on Patulin Production of Penicillium expansum
in Apple Juice. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Silici
- Agricultural Biotechnology; Agricultural Faculty; Erciyes University; Kayseri 38039 Turkey
| | - Kevser Karaman
- Agricultural Biotechnology; Agricultural Faculty; Erciyes University; Kayseri 38039 Turkey
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Akinboro A, Mohamed KB, Asmawi MZ, Sulaiman SF, Sofiman OA. Antioxidants in aqueous extract of Myristica fragrans (Houtt.) suppress mitosis and cyclophosphamide-induced chromosomal aberrations in Allium cepa L. cells. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2012; 12:915-22. [PMID: 22042656 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1000315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, freeze-dried water extract from the leaves of Myristica fragrans (Houtt.) was tested for mutagenic and antimutagenic potentials using the Allium cepa assay. Freeze-dried water extract alone and its combination with cyclophosphamide (CP) (50 mg/kg) were separately dissolved in tap water at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 mg/kg. Onions (A. cepa) were suspended in the solutions and controls for 48 h in the dark. Root tips were prepared for microscopic evaluation. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals' scavenging power of the extract was tested using butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as standards. Water extract of Myristica fragrans scavenged free radicals better than BHA, but worse than BHT. The extract alone, as well as in combination with CP suppressed cell division, and induced chromosomal aberrations that were insignificantly different from the negative control (P ≤ 0.05). However, cytotoxic and mutagenic actions of CP were considerably suppressed. The observed effects on cell division and chromosomes of A. cepa may be principally connected to the antioxidant properties of the extract. The obtained results suggest mitodepressive and antimutagenic potentials of water extract of the leaves of M. fragrans as desirable properties of a promising anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akeem Akinboro
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Barbério A, Voltolini JC, Mello MLS. Standardization of bulb and root sample sizes for the Allium cepa test. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2011; 20:927-935. [PMID: 21298340 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-011-0602-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Although the Allium cepa test has been widely used to identify potentially cytotoxic and genotoxic pollutants in aquatic environments, variable non-standardized choices have been made regarding the number of plant bulbs and roots analyzed. We propose numbers for bulbs and roots per bulb when comparing the frequencies of micronuclei, mitotic anomalies and mitotic index with this test. Roots that had been treated with aqueous solutions, such as water samples collected in August 2007 from the Paraíba do Sul River at the Brazilian cities of Tremembé and Aparecida; negative and positive controls were used for bioassays. The presence of pollutants in the river water had been presumed based on our previous cytological data and an official report by the São Paulo State Environmental Agency (Brazil) on presence of fecal contaminants (Tremembé and Aparecida) and elevated dissolved aluminium (Aparecida) in the water under study. The sampling of ten bulbs and five roots per bulb was found adequate for comparative studies to evaluate with the A. cepa test the potential damage inflicted by pollutants in aquatic environments. Furthermore, even one bulb and one root per bulb was sufficient in discerning this damage, thereby shortening the time required to attain a statistically confident comparative evaluation. However, to allow for the use of statistical programs based on the evaluation of average values, and to avoid criticism based on genetic variability, we propose that three bulbs and three roots per bulb be considered as standard sample sizes for the A. cepa test.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Barbério
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-863, Brazil.
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Mamur S, Yüzbaşıoğlu D, Ünal F, Yılmaz S. Does potassium sorbate induce genotoxic or mutagenic effects in lymphocytes? Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:790-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Pereira FDC, Vilanova-Costa CAST, de Lima AP, Ribeiro ADSBB, da Silva HD, Pavanin LA, Silveira-Lacerda EDP. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of cis-tetraammine(oxalato)ruthenium(III) dithionate on the root meristem cells of Allium cepa. Biol Trace Elem Res 2009; 128:258-68. [PMID: 19020813 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-008-8272-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium complexes have attracted much attention as possible building blocks for new transition-metal-based antitumor agents. The present study examines the mitotoxic and clastogenic effects induced in the root tips of Allium cepa by cis-tetraammine(oxalato)ruthenium(III) dithionate {cis-[Ru(C(2)O(2))(NH(3))(4)](2)(S(2)O(6))} at different exposure durations and concentrations. Correlation tests were performed to determine the effects of the time of exposure and concentration of ruthenium complex on mitotic index (MI) and mitotic aberration index. A comparison of MI results of cis-[Ru(C(2)O(2))(NH(3))(4)](2)(S(2)O(6)) to those of lead nitrate reveals that the ruthenium complex demonstrates an average mitotic inhibition eightfold higher than lead, with the frequency of cellular abnormalities almost fourfold lower and mitotic aberration threefold lower. A. cepa root cells exposed to a range of ruthenium complex concentrations did not display significant clastogenic effects. Cis-tetraammine(oxalato)ruthenium(III) dithionate therefore exhibits a remarkable capacity to inhibit mitosis, perhaps by inhibiting DNA synthesis or blocking the cell cycle in the G2 phase. Further investigation of the mechanisms of action of this ruthenium complex will be important to define its clinical potential and to contribute to a novel and rational approach to developing a new metal-based drug with antitumor properties complementary to those exhibited by the drugs already in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia de Castro Pereira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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