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Baghel M, Baghel I, Kumari P, Bharkatiya M, Joshi G, Sakure K, Badwaik H. Nano-delivery Systems and Therapeutic Applications of Phytodrug Mangiferin. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04906-6. [PMID: 38526662 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04906-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
In order to cure a range of ailments, scientists have investigated a number of bioactive antioxidant compounds produced from natural sources. Mangiferin, a C-glycosyl xanthone-structured yellow polyphenol, is abundant in mangoes and other dietary sources. In-depth examinations found that it is effective in the treatment of a variety of disorders due to its antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antigenotoxic, antiatherogenic, radioprotective, nephroprotective, antihyperlipidemic, and antidiabetic properties. However, it is recognised that mangiferin's poor bioavailability, volatility, and limited solubility restrict its therapeutic usefulness. Over time, effective solutions to these problems have arisen in the shape of effective delivery methods. The current articles present a summary of the several researches that have updated Mangiferin's biopharmaceutical characteristics. Additionally, strategies for enhancing the bioavailability, stability, and solubility of this phytodrug have been discussed. This review provides detailed information on the development of innovative Mangiferin delivery methods such as nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, niosomes, microspheres, metal nanoparticles, and complexation, as well as its therapeutic applications in a variety of sectors. This article provides effective guidance for researchers who desire to work on the formulation and development of an effective delivery method for improved magniferin therapeutic effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Baghel
- Apollo College of Pharmacy, Anjora, Durg, 491001, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Ishita Baghel
- Foothill High School, 4375, Foothill Road, Pleasanton, CA, 94588, USA
| | | | - Meenakshi Bharkatiya
- Bhupal Nobles' Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bhupal Nobles' University, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Garvita Joshi
- Mahakal Institute of Pharmaceutical Studies, Ujjain, India
| | - Kalyani Sakure
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bhilai, 490023, CG, India
| | - Hemant Badwaik
- Shri Shankaracharya Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Junwani, Bhilai, 490020, Chhattisgarh, India.
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2
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Guo J, Luo X, Zhang Q, Duan X, Yuan Y, Zheng S. Contributions of selenium-oxidizing bacteria to selenium biofortification and cadmium bioremediation in a native seleniferous Cd-polluted sandy loam soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 272:116081. [PMID: 38335579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a trace element that is essential for human health. Daily dietary Se intake is governed by the food chain through soil-plant systems. However, the cadmium (Cd) content tends to be excessive in seleniferous soil, in which Se and Cd have complex interactions. Therefore, it is a great challenge to grow crops containing appreciable amounts of Se but low amounts of Cd. We compared the effects of five Se-transforming bacteria on Se and Cd uptake by Brassica rapa L. in a native seleniferous Cd-polluted soil. The results showed that three Se-oxidizing bacteria (LX-1, LX-100, and T3F4) increased the Se content of the aboveground part of the plant by 330.8%, 309.5%, and 724.3%, respectively, compared to the control (p < 0.05). The three bacteria also reduced the aboveground Cd content by 15.1%, 40.4%, and 16.4%, respectively (p < 0.05). In contrast, the Se(IV)-reducing bacterium ES2-45 and weakly Se-transforming bacterium LX-4 had no effect on plant Se uptake, although they did decrease the aboveground Cd content. In addition, the three Se-oxidizing bacteria increased the Se available in the soil by 38.4%, 20.4%, and 24.0%, respectively, compared to the control (p < 0.05). The study results confirm the feasibility of using Se-oxidizing bacteria to simultaneously enhance plant Se content and reduce plant Cd content in seleniferous Cd-polluted soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Xiong Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Qingyun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Xuanshuang Duan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Shixue Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
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Yadav V, Fuentes JL, Krishnan A, Singh N, Vohora D. Guidance for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring anti-genotoxicity. Life Sci 2024; 337:122341. [PMID: 38101613 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Since DNA damage can occur spontaneously or be produced by the environmental genotoxins in living cells, it is important to investigate compounds that can reverse or protect DNA damage. An appropriate methodology is essential for the responsive identification of protection offered against DNA damage. This review includes information on the current state of knowledge on prokaryotic cell-based assays (SOS chromotest, umu test, vitotox assay) and cytogenetic techniques (micronucleus assay, chromosome aberration test and sister chromatid exchange assay) with an emphasis on the possibility to explore genoprotective compounds. Throughout the last decade, studies have extrapolated the scientific methodologies utilized for genotoxicity to assess genoprotective compounds. Therefore, shortcomings of genotoxicity studies are also mirrored in antigenotoxicity studies. While regulatory authorities around the world (OECD, US-EPA and ICH) continue to update diverse genotoxic assay strategies, there are still no clear guidelines/approaches for efficient experimental design to screen genoprotective compounds. As a consequence, non-synergetic and inconsistent implementation of the test method by the researchers to execute such simulations has been adopted, which inevitably results in unreliable findings. The review has made the first attempt to collect various facets of experimentally verified approaches for evaluating genoprotective compounds, as well as to acknowledge potential significance and constraints, and further focus on the assessment of end points which are required to validate such action. Henceforth, the review makes an incredible commitment by permitting readers to equate several components of their test arrangement with the provided simplified information, allowing the selection of convenient technique for the predefined compound from a central repository.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Yadav
- Neurobehavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Jorge L Fuentes
- School of Biology, Science Faculty, Industrial University of Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Santander, Colombia
| | - Anuja Krishnan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Neenu Singh
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Divya Vohora
- Neurobehavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Hu J, Qi J, Luo Y, Yin T, Wang J, Wang C, Li W, Liang L. Synthesis, crystal structure and anticancer activities of an unusual inorganic–organic hybrid complex with a sandwiched ribbon structure. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Vicas SI, Laslo V, Timar AV, Balta C, Herman H, Ciceu A, Gharbia S, Rosu M, Mladin B, Chiana L, Prokisch J, Puschita M, Miutescu E, Cavalu S, Cotoraci C, Hermenean A. Nano Selenium-Enriched Probiotics as Functional Food Products against Cadmium Liver Toxicity. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:2257. [PMID: 33925590 PMCID: PMC8123892 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Since cadmium is a toxic metal that can cause serious health problems for humans, it is necessary to find bioremediation solutions to reduce its harmful effects. The main goal of our work was to develop a functional food based on elemental selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) obtained by green synthesis using Lactobacillus casei and to validate their ability to annihilate the hepatic toxic effects induced by cadmium. The characterization of SeNPs was assessed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, DLS and TEM. In order to investigate the dose-dependent protective effects of SeNPs on Cd liver toxicity, mice were assigned to eight experimental groups and fed by gavage, with 5 mg/kg b.w. cadmium, respectively, with co-administration with SeNPs or lacto-SeNPs (LSeNPs) in 3 doses (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg b.w.) for 30 days. The protective effect was demonstrated by the restoration of blood hepatic markers (AST, ALT, GGT and total bilirubin) and antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Moreover, the antioxidant capacity of mice plasma by the FRAP assay, revealed the highest antioxidant capacity for the 0.2 mg/kg LSeNPs group. Histopathological analysis demonstrated the morphological alteration in the group that received only cadmium and was restored after the administration of SeNPs or LSeNPs, while the immunohistochemical analysis of the bcl family revealed anti-apoptotic effects; the Q-PCR analysis showed an upregulation of hepatic inflammatory markers for the group exposed to Cd and a decreased value for the groups receiving oral SeNPs/ LSeNPs in a dose-dependent manner. The best protective effects were obtained for LSeNPs. A functional food that includes both probiotic bacteria and elemental SeNPs could be successfully used to annihilate Cd-induced liver toxicity, and to improve both nutritional values and health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Ioana Vicas
- Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, 24 Gen. Magheru St., 410048 Oradea, Romania; (S.I.V.); (V.L.); (A.V.T.)
| | - Vasile Laslo
- Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, 24 Gen. Magheru St., 410048 Oradea, Romania; (S.I.V.); (V.L.); (A.V.T.)
| | - Adrian Vasile Timar
- Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, 24 Gen. Magheru St., 410048 Oradea, Romania; (S.I.V.); (V.L.); (A.V.T.)
| | - Cornel Balta
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Liviu Rebreanu St., 310414 Arad, Romania; (C.B.); (H.H.); (A.C.); (S.G.); (M.R.); (B.M.)
| | - Hildegard Herman
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Liviu Rebreanu St., 310414 Arad, Romania; (C.B.); (H.H.); (A.C.); (S.G.); (M.R.); (B.M.)
| | - Alina Ciceu
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Liviu Rebreanu St., 310414 Arad, Romania; (C.B.); (H.H.); (A.C.); (S.G.); (M.R.); (B.M.)
| | - Sami Gharbia
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Liviu Rebreanu St., 310414 Arad, Romania; (C.B.); (H.H.); (A.C.); (S.G.); (M.R.); (B.M.)
| | - Marcel Rosu
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Liviu Rebreanu St., 310414 Arad, Romania; (C.B.); (H.H.); (A.C.); (S.G.); (M.R.); (B.M.)
| | - Bianca Mladin
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Liviu Rebreanu St., 310414 Arad, Romania; (C.B.); (H.H.); (A.C.); (S.G.); (M.R.); (B.M.)
| | - Laurentiu Chiana
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Science, University of Oradea, 1 University St., 410087 Oradea, Romania; (L.C.)
| | - József Prokisch
- Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (J.P.)
| | - Maria Puschita
- Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Liviu Rebreanu St., 310414 Arad, Romania; (M.P.); (E.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Eftimie Miutescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Liviu Rebreanu St., 310414 Arad, Romania; (M.P.); (E.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 Pta 1 Decembrie St., 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Coralia Cotoraci
- Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Liviu Rebreanu St., 310414 Arad, Romania; (M.P.); (E.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Anca Hermenean
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Liviu Rebreanu St., 310414 Arad, Romania; (C.B.); (H.H.); (A.C.); (S.G.); (M.R.); (B.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Liviu Rebreanu St., 310414 Arad, Romania; (M.P.); (E.M.); (C.C.)
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Morozkina SN, Nhung Vu TH, Generalova YE, Snetkov PP, Uspenskaya MV. Mangiferin as New Potential Anti-Cancer Agent and Mangiferin-Integrated Polymer Systems-A Novel Research Direction. Biomolecules 2021; 11:79. [PMID: 33435313 PMCID: PMC7827323 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, the pharmaceutical industry focused on natural biologically active molecules due to their unique properties, availability and significantly less side-effects. Mangiferin is a naturally occurring C-glucosylxantone that has substantial potential for the treatment of various diseases thanks to its numerous biological activities. Many research studies have proven that mangiferin possesses antioxidant, anti-infection, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, cardiovascular, neuroprotective properties and it also increases immunity. It is especially important that it has no toxicity. However, mangiferin is not being currently applied to clinical use because its oral bioavailability as well as its absorption in the body are too low. To improve the solubility, enhance the biological action and bioavailability, mangiferin integrated polymer systems have been developed. In this paper, we review molecular mechanisms of anti-cancer action as well as a number of designed polymer-mangiferin systems. Taking together, mangiferin is a very promising anti-cancer molecule with excellent properties and the absence of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana N. Morozkina
- Institute BioEngineering, ITMO University, Kronverkskiy Prospekt, 49A, 197101 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (T.H.N.V.); (P.P.S.); (M.V.U.)
| | - Thi Hong Nhung Vu
- Institute BioEngineering, ITMO University, Kronverkskiy Prospekt, 49A, 197101 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (T.H.N.V.); (P.P.S.); (M.V.U.)
| | - Yuliya E. Generalova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Industrial Technology of Dosage Forms, Saint Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, Prof. Popova Street 14A, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Petr P. Snetkov
- Institute BioEngineering, ITMO University, Kronverkskiy Prospekt, 49A, 197101 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (T.H.N.V.); (P.P.S.); (M.V.U.)
| | - Mayya V. Uspenskaya
- Institute BioEngineering, ITMO University, Kronverkskiy Prospekt, 49A, 197101 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (T.H.N.V.); (P.P.S.); (M.V.U.)
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Lum PT, Sekar M, Gan SH, Pandy V, Bonam SR. Protective effect of mangiferin on memory impairment: A systematic review. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 28:917-927. [PMID: 33424383 PMCID: PMC7783829 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory impairment (MI) is one of the predominant criteria generally used to identify schizophrenia, dementia and amnesia that are associated with neurodegenerative disorders by evaluating patient’s cognitive symptoms. To date, there is no available treatment that can completely mitigate MI. Currently, there is a trend in recent investigations towards symptomatic therapy approaches using a variety of natural compounds. Mangiferin is one of them that have been investigated extensively. Mangiferin is a naturally occurring potent glucoxilxanthone and is mainly isolated from the Mangifera indica (Mango) plant. This review is aimed at providing a comprehensive overview on the efficacy of mangiferin on MI, based on in-vivo animal studies. After screening through articles identified from Scopus and PubMed based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 11 articles between 2009 and 2019 were included. The minimum and maximum dose of mangiferin were 10 and 200 mg/kg respectively and administered over the period of 12–154 days. The results of 11 articles showed that mangiferin effectively improved spatial recognition, episodic aversive events, short- and long-term memories primarily occurring via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The outcomes of the review revealed that mangiferin improves memory and cognitive impairment in different animal models, indicating that it has potential preventive and therapeutic roles in MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Teng Lum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh 30450, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh 30450, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Vijayapandi Pandy
- Department of Pharmacology, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe- Immunopathologie et Immunointervention Thérapeutique, Sorbonne Université, Université De Paris, Paris, France
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8
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Cvetković S, Nastasijević B, Mitić-Ćulafić D, Đukanović S, Tenji D, Knežević-Vukčević J, Nikolić B. New insight into the antigenotoxic activity of Gentiana lutea extracts – Protective effect against food borne mutagens. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2020; 858-860:503251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Naraki K, Rezaee R, Mashayekhi-Sardoo H, Hayes AW, Karimi G. Mangiferin offers protection against deleterious effects of pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, and environmental chemicals. Phytother Res 2020; 35:810-822. [PMID: 32961631 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mangiferin (MGF) is a polyphenolic C-glucosyl-xanthone extracted from the mango tree (Mangifera indica). MGF has shown diverse effects such as antioxidant, antiapoptotic, radical scavenging, and chelating properties. MGF also has been shown to modulate inflammatory pathways. In this review, we examined and evaluated the literature dealing with the protective effects of MGF against various chemical toxicities. Our literature review indicated that the MGF-induced protective effects against the toxic effects of pharmaceuticals, heavy metals and environmental chemicals were mainly mediated via suppression of lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress (along with enhancement of the antioxidant enzyme), inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12), and activation of PI3K/Akt and the MAPK survival signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Naraki
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Habibeh Mashayekhi-Sardoo
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Mittal S, Iqubal MK, Iqbal B, Gupta MM, Ali J, Baboota S. A pervasive scientific overview on mangiferin in the prevention and treatment of various diseases with preclinical and clinical updates. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 18:9-21. [PMID: 32427121 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2019-0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Natural products are increasing used in preventing and treating various diseases. Mangiferin belongs to the xanthone family, and has potential antiangiogenic, anticancer, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity along with the antioxidant activity. It is also used in the treatment of cardiac problem, diabetes and neurodegenerative disease. Finding of various researchers proves that mangiferin has a broad spectrum therapeutic application. Motive of this review is to describe the various studies performed on mangiferin for its different pharmacological activities. It also discusses various challenges associated with mangiferin such as stability and bioavailability. Strategies and approaches to improve bioavailability of mangiferin have also been discussed. Both research and review articles were used to write the manuscript. They were collected from various search engines like Pub Med, Science Direct and Google Scholar, using keywords like mangiferin, polyphenol, bioavailability enhancement, solubility enhancement, and antioxidant. Mangiferin being a potent antioxidant is effective in the treatment of various diseases. With novel drug delivery approaches we can overcome poor solubility and bioavailability problem which eventually can result to better utilisation of mangiferin in treating a variety of diseases and make mangiferin a revolutionary drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Kashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Babar Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Madan Mohan Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Science, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad & Tobago, West Indies
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Sanjula Baboota
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
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11
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Olgun O, Yildiz A, Şahin A. Evaluation of dietary presence or use of cadmium in poultry. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2020.1729669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Olgun
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - A.O. Yildiz
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - A. Şahin
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kirsehir Ahi Evran, Kirsehir, Turkey
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Li HW, Lan TJ, Yun CX, Yang KD, Du ZC, Luo XF, Hao EW, Deng JG. Mangiferin exerts neuroprotective activity against lead-induced toxicity and oxidative stress via Nrf2 pathway. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2020; 12:36-46. [PMID: 36117559 PMCID: PMC9476390 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-wen Li
- Community Health Services Management center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences – Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518106, China
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Tai-jin Lan
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Chen-xia Yun
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Ke-di Yang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zheng-cai Du
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Xue-fei Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Er-wei Hao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Jia-gang Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
- Corresponding author.
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Zhang Z, Yuan L, Qi S, Yin X. The threshold effect between the soil bioavailable molar Se:Cd ratio and the accumulation of Cd in corn (Zea mays L.) from natural Se-Cd rich soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 688:1228-1235. [PMID: 31726553 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
There is little available information about the important interactions between selenium and cadmium (Se-Cd) in crops grown on natural Se-Cd rich soils. We investigated their interactive effects on the translocation and uptake of Se and Cd from soils to crops. Corn (Zea mays L.) roots, stems, leaves, and grains, and their corresponding rhizosphere soils were collected from naturally Se-Cd rich areas in Wumeng Mountain, Guizhou, China. The Se and Cd levels were determined in the soils, roots, stems, leaves, and grains. Soil bioavailable Se and Cd were also determined. The low soil bioavailable molar ratios for Se and Cd (Se:Cd) (≤0.7) improved Cd accumulation in the plants. However, relatively high Se:Cd molar ratios (>0.7) in the soils prevented Cd from entering the plants, but the effect of the soil Se:Cd on Se accumulation in corn was not significant. The strong anion exchange-high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (SAX-HPLC-ICP-MS) chromatograms showed that Se-Cd complexes occurred in the leaves, which likely indicated that direct interactions between Se and Cd happened there. The results suggested that thresholds for soil bioavailable Se:Cd molar ratios played a role in the interaction between Se and Cd in corn under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zezhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Linxi Yuan
- Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Bio-Engineering Research Centre of Selenium, Suzhou, China.
| | - Shihua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuebin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China
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Mišík M, Nersesyan A, Ropek N, Huber WW, Haslinger E, Knasmueller S. Use of human derived liver cells for the detection of genotoxins in comet assays. MUTATION RESEARCH/GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 845:402995. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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Feng ST, Wang ZZ, Yuan YH, Sun HM, Chen NH, Zhang Y. Mangiferin: A multipotent natural product preventing neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease models. Pharmacol Res 2019; 146:104336. [PMID: 31271846 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are recognized as the universal neurodegenerative diseases, with the involvement of misfolded proteins pathology, leading to oxidative stress, glial cells activation, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular apoptosis. Several discoveries indicate that accumulation of pathogenic proteins, i.e. amyloid β (Aβ), the microtubule-binding protein tau, and α-synuclein, are parallel with oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Whether the causative factors are misfolded proteins or these pathophysiological changes, leading to neurodegeneration still remain ambiguous. Importantly, directing pharmacological researches towards the prevention of AD and PD seem a promising approach to detect these complicating mechanisms, and provide new insight into therapy for AD and PD patients. Mangiferin (MGF, 2-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-1, 3, 6, 7-tetrahydroxyxanthone), well-known as a natural product, is detached from multiple plants, including Mangifera indica L. With the structure of C-glycosyl and phenolic moiety, MGF possesses multipotent properties starting from anti-oxidant effects, to the alleviation of mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and cellular apoptosis. In particular, MGF can cross the blood-brain barrier to exert neuronal protection. Different researches implicate that MGF is able to protect the central nervous system from oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis under in vitro and in vivo models. Additional facts support that MGF plays a role in improving the declined memory and cognition of rat models. Taken together, the neuroprotective capacity of MGF may stand out as an agent candidate for AD and PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Tong Feng
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yu-He Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hong-Mei Sun
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
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Amadi CN, Offor SJ, Frazzoli C, Orisakwe OE. Natural antidotes and management of metal toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:18032-18052. [PMID: 31079302 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The global burden of heavy metal especially mercury, arsenic, lead, and cadmium toxicities remains a significant public health challenge. Developing nations are particularly at high risk and carry the highest burden of this hazard. Chelation therapy has been the mainstay for treatment of heavy metal poisoning where the chelating agent binds metal ions to form complex ring-like structures called "chelates" to enhance their elimination from the body. Metal chelators have some drawbacks such as redistribution of some heavy metals from other tissues to the brain thereby increasing its neurotoxicity, causing loss of essential metals such as copper and zinc as well as some serious adverse effects, e.g., hepatotoxicity. The use of natural antidotes, which are easily available, affordable, and with little or no side effects compared to the classic metal chelators, is the focus of this review and suggested as cheaper options for developing nations in the treatment of heavy metal poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Nwadiuto Amadi
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port-Harcourt, Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Samuel James Offor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
| | - Chiara Frazzoli
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Ageing, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Italian National Institute of Health), Rome, Italy
| | - Orish Ebere Orisakwe
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port-Harcourt, Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
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Sekar V, Mani S, Malarvizhi R, Nithya P, Vasanthi HR. Antidiabetic effect of mangiferin in combination with oral hypoglycemic agents metformin and gliclazide. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 59:152901. [PMID: 30981189 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus poses serious threat to the global population due to the alarming diabetic complications it leads to. The current therapeutic options available can be improved for better efficiency and maximum benefits. Combination therapy has been commonly used to improve the efficacy and to minimize the side effects of drugs in current clinical use. PURPOSE The present study aims to assess the interaction between a natural molecule mangiferin with the commercially available oral hypoglycemic drugs metformin and gliclazide in diabetic rats. METHODS In this study, the in vitro cytotoxicity and glucose uptake studies were performed in HepG2 cells. Based on experimental data, the combination index of the hypoglycemic drugs like metformin and gliclazide in combination with different doses of mangiferin was determined using COMPUSYN software. Further, in vivo studies were performed in HFD + STZ induced diabetic male Sprague Dawley rats. Serum parameters, enzyme markers, hepatic oxidative stress markers, gene and protein expression studies and histopathological analyses were performed in rat liver to identify the mode of action of the combination drug administration. RESULTS The in vitro studies on HepG2 cells suggest a positive interaction of mangiferin with both metformin and gliclazide at specific concentrations as evidenced by glucose uptake. The hepatic enzymes, oxidative stress markers, carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes, gene (AMPK, Akt, ACC β and Glut-2) and protein (PPARα, PPARγ) expression confirmed the results of the in vitro studies. Both the combinations of mangiferin with metformin and mangiferin with gliclazide exhibited potent antidiabetic effect. The combination of mangiferin with metformin was insulin dependent (Akt pathway) whereas the combination of mangiferin and gliclazide was insulin independent (AMPK pathway). CONCLUSION The overall results suggest that combination of mangiferin with both metformin and gliclazide alleviates diabetic conditions potentially at specific doses and modulates the adverse effect of high dose of commonly used OHD's. This combination therapy can be translated for its clinical use as a diabetes management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhushini Sekar
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Sugumar Mani
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - R Malarvizhi
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - P Nithya
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Hannah R Vasanthi
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India.
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Wang B, Shen J, Wang Z, Liu J, Ning Z, Hu M. Isomangiferin, a Novel Potent Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 Kinase Inhibitor, Suppresses Breast Cancer Growth, Metastasis and Angiogenesis. J Breast Cancer 2018; 21:11-20. [PMID: 29628979 PMCID: PMC5880961 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2018.21.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signal transduction mainly depends on its binding to VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2). VEGF downstream signaling proteins mediate several of its effects in cancer progression, including those on tumor growth, metastasis, and blood vessel formation. The activation of VEGFR-2 signaling is a hallmark of and is considered a therapeutic target for breast cancer. Here, we report a study of the regulation of the VEGFR-2 signaling pathway by a small molecule, isomangiferin. Methods A human breast cancer xenograft mouse model was used to investigate the efficacy of isomangiferin in vivo. The inhibitory effect of isomangiferin on breast cancer cells and the underlying mechanism were examined in vitro. Results Isomangiferin suppressed tumor growth in xenografts. In vitro, isomangiferin treatment inhibited cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and adhesion. The effect of isomangiferin on breast cancer growth was well coordinated with its suppression of angiogenesis. A rat aortic ring assay revealed that isomangiferin significantly inhibited blood vessel formation during VEGF-induced microvessel sprouting. Furthermore, isomangiferin treatment inhibited VEGF-induced proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and the formation of capillary-like structures. Mechanistically, isomangiferin induced caspase-dependent apoptosis of breast cancer cells. Furthermore, VEGF-induced activation of the VEGFR-2 kinase pathway was down-regulated by isomangiferin. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that isomangiferin exerts anti-breast cancer effects via the functional inhibition of VEGFR-2. Pharmaceutically targeting VEGFR-2 by isomangiferin could be an effective therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banghua Wang
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Jia Shen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, USA
| | - Zexia Wang
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Jianxia Liu
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Zhifeng Ning
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Meichun Hu
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
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Rathi VK, Das S, Parampalli Raghavendra A, Rao BSS. Naringin abates adverse effects of cadmium-mediated hepatotoxicity: An experimental study using HepG2 cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 31. [PMID: 28422390 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the protective potential of Naringin (NIN) against cadmium chloride (CdCl2 ) mediated hepatotoxicity using human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. An optimal concentration of NIN (5 μM) was potent enough to confer cytoprotection against CdCl2 (50 μM) as was observed by MTT assay. Preconditioning with NIN maintained redox homeostasis, mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduced apoptosis as marked by decrease in the percentage sub-G0 /G1 and Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide positive cells (apoptotic). NIN pretreatment maintained the levels of protein thiol along with endogenous activities of Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione S-transferase, and Catalase and lowered lipid peroxidation. Decreased Bax/Bcl2 ratio along with reduced Caspase 3 cleavage and Cytochrome c release indicated that NIN conditioning blocked mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. Increased Nrf2 and metallothionein (MT) acted as adaptive response in the presence of cadmium. Thus, the protective mechanism of NIN is attributed to its antioxidant potential which aids in redox homeostasis and prevents CdCl2 mediated cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visesh Kumar Rathi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Shubhankar Das
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Archana Parampalli Raghavendra
- Department of Physiology, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal Campus, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Bola Sadashiva Satish Rao
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
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Izquierdo-Vega JA, Morales-González JA, SánchezGutiérrez M, Betanzos-Cabrera G, Sosa-Delgado SM, Sumaya-Martínez MT, Morales-González Á, Paniagua-Pérez R, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Madrigal-Santillán E. Evidence of Some Natural Products with Antigenotoxic Effects. Part 1: Fruits and Polysaccharides. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9020102. [PMID: 28157162 PMCID: PMC5331533 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide. The agents capable of causing damage to genetic material are known as genotoxins and, according to their mode of action, are classified into mutagens, carcinogens or teratogens. Genotoxins are involved in the pathogenesis of several chronic degenerative diseases including hepatic, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, arthritis, cancer, chronic inflammation and ageing. In recent decades, researchers have found novel bioactive phytocompounds able to counteract the effects of physical and chemical mutagens. Several studies have shown potential antigenotoxicity in a variety of fruits. In this review (Part 1), we present an overview of research conducted on some fruits (grapefruit, cranberries, pomegranate, guava, pineapple, and mango) which are frequentl consumed by humans, as well as the analysis of some phytochemicals extracted from fruits and yeasts which have demonstrated antigenotoxic capacity in various tests, including the Ames assay, sister chromatid exchange, chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus and comet assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannett Alejandra Izquierdo-Vega
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Hidalgo, México.
| | - José Antonio Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, México D.F. 11340, México.
| | - Manuel SánchezGutiérrez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Hidalgo, México.
| | - Gabriel Betanzos-Cabrera
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Hidalgo, México.
| | - Sara M Sosa-Delgado
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, México D.F. 11340, México.
| | - María Teresa Sumaya-Martínez
- Secretaría de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura Amado Nervo. Boulevard Tepic-Xalisco s/n, Tepic 28000, Nayarit, México.
| | - Ángel Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Cómputo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad A. López Mateos, Av. Juan de Dios Bátiz. Col., Lindavista, México D.F. 07738, Mexico.
| | - Rogelio Paniagua-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Muscular, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Av. México-Xochimilco. Col., Arenal de Guadalupe, México D.F. 14389, México.
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Unidad A. López-Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Lindavista, México D.F. 07738, México.
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Santillán
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, México D.F. 11340, México.
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Das S, Paul A, Mumbrekar KD, Rao SBS. Harmonization of Mangiferin on methylmercury engendered mitochondrial dysfunction. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:630-644. [PMID: 28071871 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mangiferin (MGN), a C-glucosylxanthone abundantly found in mango plants, was studied for its potential to ameliorate methylmercury (MeHg) induced mitochondrial damage in HepG2 (human hepatocarcinoma) cell line. Cell viability experiments performed using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) showed protective property of MGN in annulling MeHg-induced cytotoxicity. Conditioning the cells with optimal dose of MGN (50 µM) lowered MeHg-induced oxidative stress, calcium influx/efflux, depletion of mitochondrial trans-membrane potential and prevented mitochondrial fission as observed by decrease in Mitotracker red fluorescence, expression of pDRP1 (serine 616), and DRP1 levels. MGN pre-treated cells demonstrated elevation in the activities of glutathione (GSH), Glutathione-S-transferase (GST), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Glutathione reductase (GR), reduced levels of Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) enzyme complexes. In addition, the anti-apoptotic effect of MGN was clearly indicated by the reduction in MeHg-induced apoptotic cells analyzed by flowcytometric analysis after Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining. In conclusion, the present work demonstrates the ability of a dietary polyphenol, MGN to ameliorate MeHg-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in human hepatic cells in vitro. This hepatoprotective potential may be attributed predominantly to the free radical scavenging/antioxidant property of MGN, by facilitating the balancing of cellular Ca2+ ions, maintenance of redox homeostasis and intracellular antioxidant activities, ultimately preserving the mitochondrial function and cell viability after MeHg intoxication. As MeHg intoxication occurs over a period of time, continuous consumption of such dietary compounds may prove to be very useful in promoting human health. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 630-644, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhankar Das
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104
| | - Ajanta Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104
| | - Kamalesh D Mumbrekar
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104
| | - Satish B S Rao
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104
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Magcwebeba T, Swart P, Swanevelder S, Joubert E, Gelderblom W. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Aspalathus linearis and Cyclopia spp. Extracts in a UVB/Keratinocyte (HaCaT) Model Utilising Interleukin-1α Accumulation as Biomarker. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101323. [PMID: 27706097 PMCID: PMC6274390 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is one of the major predisposing risk factors of skin cancer. The anticancer and photoprotective effects of unoxidized rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) and honeybush (Cyclopia) herbal teas, containing high levels of dihydrochalones and xanthones, respectively, have been demonstrated in skin cancer models in vivo. In the current study, the anti-inflammatory effects of methanol and aqueous extracts of these herbal teas were investigated in a UVB/HaCaT keratinocyte model with intracellular interleukin-1α (icIL-1α) accumulation as a biomarker. Extracts of green tea (Camellia sinensis) served as benchmark. Both extracts of green tea and rooibos, as well as the aqueous extract of C. intermedia, enhanced UVB-induced inhibition of cell viability, proliferation and induction of apoptosis, facilitating the removal of icIL-1α. The underlying mechanisms may involve mitochondrial dysfunction exhibiting pro-oxidant responses via polyphenol-iron interactions. The methanol extracts of honeybush, however, protected against UVB-induced reduction of cell growth parameters, presumably via antioxidant mechanisms that prevented the removal of highly inflamed icIL-1α-containing keratinocytes via apoptosis. The dual antioxidant and/or pro-oxidant role of the polyphenolic herbal tea constituents should be considered in developing preventive strategies against UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis. The indirect removal of UVB damaged keratinocytes by herbal tea extracts via apoptosis may find application in the prevention of photo-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tandeka Magcwebeba
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch) 7602, South Africa.
| | - Pieter Swart
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch) 7602, South Africa.
| | - Sonja Swanevelder
- Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, Agricultural Research Council (Infruitec-Nietvoorbij), Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa.
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch) 7602, South Africa.
| | - Wentzel Gelderblom
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch) 7602, South Africa.
- Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
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Magcwebeba TU, Riedel S, Swanevelder S, Swart P, De Beer D, Joubert E, Andreas Gelderblom WC. The potential role of polyphenols in the modulation of skin cell viability by Aspalathus linearis and Cyclopia spp. herbal tea extracts in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:1440-1453. [PMID: 27671741 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relationship between polyphenol constituents, antioxidant properties of aqueous and methanol extracts of green tea (Camellia sinensis), the herbal teas, rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) and honeybush (Cyclopia spp.), against skin cell viability was investigated in vitro. METHODS The effect of extracts, characterised in terms of polyphenol content and antioxidant properties, on cell viability of premalignant, normal and malignant skin cells was determined. KEY FINDINGS Phenolic composition, particularly high levels of potent antioxidants, of rooibos and green tea methanol extracts was associated with a strong reduction in cell viability specifically targeting premalignant cells. In contrast, the aqueous extracts of Cyclopia spp. were more effective in reducing cell viability. This correlated with a relatively high flavanol/proanthocyanidin content and ABTS radical cation scavenging capacity. The major green tea flavanol (epigallocatechin gallate) and rooibos dihydrochalcone (aspalathin) exhibited differential effects against cell viability, while the major honeybush xanthone (mangiferin) and flavanone (hesperidin) lacked any effect presumably due to a cytoprotective effect. The underlying mechanisms against skin cell viability are likely to involve mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from polyphenol-iron interactions. CONCLUSIONS The polyphenol constituents and antioxidant parameters of herbal tea extracts are useful tools to predict their activity against skin cell survival in vitro and potential chemopreventive effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvia Riedel
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Sonja Swanevelder
- Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Pieter Swart
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Dalene De Beer
- Agricultural Research Council, Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Agricultural Research Council, Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa.,Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Wentzel Christoffel Andreas Gelderblom
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa. .,Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa.
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Mangiferin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced production of interleukin-6 in human oral epithelial cells by suppressing toll-like receptor signaling. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 71:155-161. [PMID: 27517515 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral epithelial cells have currently been found to play an important role in inflammatory modulation in periodontitis. Mangiferin is a natural glucosylxanthone with anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the regulatory effect of mangiferin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) in oral epithelial cells and the underlying mechanisms. DESIGN The levels of LPS-induced IL-6 production in OKF6/TERT-2 oral keratinocytes were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 was determined using western blot analysis. And the phosphorylation of TLR downstream nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was examined using cell-based protein phosphorylation ELISA kits. RESULTS We found that mangiferin reduced LPS-upregulated IL-6 production in OKF6/TERT-2 cells. Additionally, mangiferin inhibited LPS-induced TLR2 and TLR4 overexpression, and suppressed the phosphorylation of NF-κB, p38 MAPK and JNK. Moreover, mangiferin repressed IL-6 production and TLR signaling activation in a dose-dependent manner after 24h treatment. CONCLUSIONS Mangiferin decreases LPS-induced production of IL-6 in human oral epithelial cells by suppressing TLR signaling, and this glucosylxanthone may have potential for the treatment of periodontitis.
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Trabelsi F, Khlifi R, Goux D, Guillamin M, Hamza-Chaffai A, Sichel F. Genotoxic effects of cadmium in human head and neck cell line SQ20B. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:16127-16136. [PMID: 27151237 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6772-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As cadmium may be involved in the etiology of head and neck cancers, we investigated in the present work, the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Cd on human larynx cells. SQ20B cells were exposed to 25 and 50 μM Cd for 48 and 72 h. Results showed a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability, especially after 48 h, associated with mitochondria alterations as showed by transmission electronic microscopy. Surprisingly, the flow cytometry shows that the cells treated with Cd have a normal proliferative cycle like the untreated cell especially in G1 or G2 phase of cell cycle. DNA damages were investigated by comet assay and immunofluorescence for gamma layer of the H2AX (g-H2AX) foci formation. Results show a strong induction of DNA double-strand breaks after Cd exposure. Overall, our results demonstrate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Cd in human larynx cells and support the view that Cd could be an etiologic factor of head and neck cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Trabelsi
- Unit of Marine and Environmental Toxicology, UR 09-03, IPEIS, Sfax University, BP 1172, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Rim Khlifi
- Unit of Marine and Environmental Toxicology, UR 09-03, IPEIS, Sfax University, BP 1172, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Didier Goux
- Normandie Université, Caen, France
- UNICAEN, CMAbio, SFR ICORE, 14032, Caen, France
| | - Marilyne Guillamin
- Normandie Université, Caen, France
- UMR-S 1075 Inserm/Unicaen - COMETE, 14032, Caen, France
| | - Amel Hamza-Chaffai
- Unit of Marine and Environmental Toxicology, UR 09-03, IPEIS, Sfax University, BP 1172, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - François Sichel
- Normandie Université, Caen, France
- UNICAEN, ABTE E4651, 14032, Caen, France
- Centre François Baclesse, avenue Général Harris, BP5026, 14076, Caen CEDEX-05, France
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Trevisan MTS, Farias de Almeida R, Soto G, De Melo Virginio Filho E, Ulrich CM, Owen RW. Quantitation by HPLC-UV of Mangiferin and Isomangiferin in Coffee (Coffea arabica) Leaves from Brazil and Costa Rica After Solvent Extraction and Infusion. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0457-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shettigar NB, Das S, Rao NB, Rao SBS. Thymol, a monoterpene phenolic derivative of cymene, abrogates mercury-induced oxidative stress resultant cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in hepatocarcinoma cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:968-980. [PMID: 24574037 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Thymol (TOH) was investigated for its ability to protect against mercuric chloride (HgCl2 )-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity using human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cell line. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay confirmed the efficacy of TOH pretreatment in attenuating HgCl2 -induced cytotoxicity. Pretreatment with TOH inhibited HgCl2 -induced genotoxicity, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial superoxide levels. Interestingly, TOH (100 µM) alone elevated the intracellular basal glutathione S-transferase (GST) levels and TOH pretreatment abrogated the decrease in glutathione, GST, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels even after HgCl2 intoxication. Furthermore, TOH was also capable of inhibiting HgCl2 -induced apoptotic as well as necrotic cell death analyzed by flowcytometric analysis of cells dual stained with Annexin-FITC/propidium iodide. The present findings clearly indicate the cytoprotective potential of TOH against HgCl2 -induced toxicity, which may be attributed to its free radical scavenging ability which facilitated in reducing oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage thereby inhibiting cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishan B Shettigar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, 576 104, India
| | - Shubhankar Das
- Division of Radiobiology and Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, 576 104, India
| | - Nageshwar B Rao
- Division of Radiobiology and Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, 576 104, India
| | - Satish B S Rao
- Division of Radiobiology and Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, 576 104, India
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Das S, Kumar R, Rao BSS. Radio-modifying potential ofSaraca indicaagainst ionizing radiation: an in vitro study using Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79) cells. Cell Biol Int 2015; 39:1061-72. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shubhankar Das
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology; School of Life Sciences; Manipal University; Manipal 576 104 Karnataka India
| | - Rishikesh Kumar
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology; School of Life Sciences; Manipal University; Manipal 576 104 Karnataka India
| | - Bola Sadashiva Satish Rao
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology; School of Life Sciences; Manipal University; Manipal 576 104 Karnataka India
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Rajendran P, Rengarajan T, Nandakumar N, Divya H, Nishigaki I. Mangiferin in cancer chemoprevention and treatment: pharmacokinetics and molecular targets. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2014; 35:76-84. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2014.931431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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DNA damage caused by inorganic particulate matter on Raji and HepG2 cell lines exposed to ultraviolet radiation. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 771:6-14. [PMID: 25308436 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have correlated exposure to ultraviolet-irradiated particulate matter with cardiovascular, respiratory, and lung diseases. This study investigated the DNA damage induced by two major inorganic particulate matter compounds found in diesel exhaust, ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate, on Burkitt's lymphoma (Raji) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines. We found a dose-dependent positive correlation of accumulated DNA damage at concentrations of ammonium nitrate (25 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml, 200 μg/ml, 400 μg/ml) with ultraviolet exposure (250 J/m(2), 400 J/m(2), 600 J/m(2), 850 J/m(2)), as measured by the comet assay in both cell lines. There was a significant difference between the treated ammonium nitrate samples and negative control samples in Raji and HepG2 cells (p<0.001). Apoptosis was shown in Raji and HepG2 cells when exposed to high concentrations of ammonium nitrate (200 μg/ml and 400 μg/ml) for 1h in samples without ultraviolet exposure, as assessed by the comet assay. However, the level of apoptosis greatly diminished after ultraviolet exposure at these concentrations. Over a 24h period, at intervals of 1, 4, 8, 12, 18, and 24h, we also observed that ammonium nitrate decreased viability in Raji and HepG2 cell lines and inhibited cell growth. Ammonium sulfate-induced DNA damage was minimal in both cell lines, but there remained a significant difference (p<0.05) between the ultraviolet radiation treated and negative control samples. These results indicate that the inorganic particulate compound, ammonium nitrate, induced DNA strand breaks at all concentrations, and indications of apoptosis at high concentrations in Raji and HepG2 cells, with ultraviolet radiation preventing apoptosis at high concentrations. We hypothesize that ultraviolet radiation may inhibit an essential cellular mechanism, possibly involving p53, thereby explaining this phenomenon. Further studies are necessary to characterize the roles of apoptosis inhibition induced by DNA damage caused by inorganic particulate matter.
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Li HW, Deng JG, Du ZC, Yan MS, Long ZX, Pham Thi PT, Yang KD. Protective effects of mangiferin in subchronic developmental lead-exposed rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 152:233-42. [PMID: 23359033 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9610-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lead is a ubiquitous environmental and industrial pollutant. Exposure to excessive amounts of lead is especially harmful to the central nervous systems of infants and young children, and oxidative stress has been reported as a major mechanism of lead-induced toxicity. To evaluate the ameliorative potential of antioxidant mangiferin (MGN) on lead-induced toxicity, Morris water maze test, determination of blood and bone lead concentration, determination of antioxidant status in plasma, as well as observation of ultrastructural changes in the hippocampus were carried out. In the present study, under a transmission electron microscope, ameliorated morphological damages in the hippocampus were observed in MGN-treated groups. Blood and bone lead concentration in MGN-treated groups lowered to some extent (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). The activities of antioxidant enzymes, glutathione (GSH) content, and the GSH/oxidized glutathione ratio in MGN-treated groups were increased, respectively. Further studies are needed to establish whether the observed differences were a direct cause of mangiferin on lead-induced toxicity or not. This study might provide clues for the treatment of lead-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wen Li
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
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Wu X, Chu J, Liang J, He B. Efficient enzymatic synthesis of mangiferin glycosides in hydrophilic organic solvents. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42648c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Zhang X, Su B, Li J, Li Y, Lu D, Zhu K, Pei H, Zhao M. Analysis by RP-HPLC of Mangiferin Component Correlation between Medicinal Loranthus and their Mango Host Trees. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 52:1-4. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bms196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Al-Waeli A, Pappas A, Zoidis E, Georgiou C, Fegeros K, Zervas G. The role of selenium in cadmium toxicity: interactions with essential and toxic elements. Br Poult Sci 2012; 53:817-27. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2012.751523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Lei J, Zhou C, Hu H, Hu L, Zhao M, Yang Y, Chuai Y, Ni J, Cai J. Mangiferin aglycone attenuates radiation-induced damage on human intestinal epithelial cells. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:2633-42. [PMID: 22422649 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that mangiferin aglycone (norathyriol) has great potential as a novel radioprotector without any known toxic side effects. In this study, we assessed the protective effects of mangiferin aglycone against radiation-induced injuries on normal human intestinal epithelial cells (HIECs), while using mangiferin as a reference compound. The in vitro experiments showed that pretreatment of either mangiferin aglycone or mangiferin could inhibit cytotoxic effects of ionizing irradiation (IR) on HIECs. Cellular changes were estimated by measuring cell viability, clonogenic surviving rate, and apoptotic rate. Compared to mangiferin, we found mangiferin aglycone had greater radioprotective effects of mangiferin aglycone on HIECs. It has been demonstrated that the cytotoxicity of ionizing radiation relates to its capacity to induce DNA damage. In view of this, we monitored DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) using γH2AX foci formation to test whether mangiferin aglycone and mangiferin could modulate genotoxic effects of radiation. It shows that mangiferin aglycone could eliminate 46.8% of the total DSBs of the cells exposed to 2 Gy IR, which is significantly better than mangiferin. Complementing earlier results from our group, it appears possible to conclude that mangiferin aglycone presents potential useful effects on IR-induced damage and may be a better radioprotective agent than mangiferin therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiao Lei
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Department of Radiation Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Morffi J, Rodeiro I, Hernández SL, González L, Herrera J, Espinosa-Aguirre JJ. Antimutagenic properties of Mangifera indica L. stem bark extract and evaluation of its effects on hepatic CYP1A1. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 67:223-228. [PMID: 22865094 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-012-0304-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Mangifera indica stem bark extract (MSBE) is a Cuban natural product which has shown strong antioxidant properties. In this work, the antimutagenic effect of MSBE was tested against 10 well-known mutagens/carcinogens in the Ames test in the absence or presence of metabolic fraction (S9). The chemical mutagens tested included: cyclophosphamide, mitomycin C, bleomycin, cisplatin, dimethylnitrosamine (DMNA), benzo[a]pyrene (BP), 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF), sodium azide, 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) and picrolonic acid. Protective effects of the extract were also evaluated by comparing the efficiency of S9 fraction obtained from rats treated during 28 days with oral doses of MSBE (50-500 mg/kg) with that obtained from rats treated with vehicle (control) to activate bleomycin and cyclophosphamide in the Ames test. MSBE concentrations between 50 and 500 μg/plate significantly reduced the mutagenicity mediated by all the chemicals tested with the exception of sodium azide. Higher mutagenicity was found when bleomycin and cyclophosphamide (CP) were activated by control S9 than by MSBE S9. In addition, inhibition of CYP1A1 microsomal activity was observed in the presence of MSBE (10-20 μg/ml). We can conclude that besides its potent antioxidant activity previously reported, MSBE may also exert a chemoprotective effect due to its capacity to inhibit CYP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Morffi
- Universidad de la Habana, 222 st., La Coronela, La Habana, Cuba
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Rodeiro I, Hernandez S, Morffi J, Herrera JA, Gómez-Lechón MJ, Delgado R, Espinosa-Aguirre JJ. Evaluation of genotoxicity and DNA protective effects of mangiferin, a glucosylxanthone isolated from Mangifera indica L. stem bark extract. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3360-6. [PMID: 22749943 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mangiferin is a glucosylxantone isolated from Mangifera indica L. stem bark. Several studies have shown its pharmacological properties which make it a promising candidate for putative therapeutic use. This study was focused to investigate the in vitro genotoxic effects of mangiferin in the Ames test, SOS Chromotest and Comet assay. The genotoxic effects in bone marrow erythrocytes from NMRI mice orally treated with mangiferin (2000 mg/kg) were also evaluated. Additionally, its potential antimutagenic activity against several mutagens in the Ames test and its effects on CYP1A1 activity were assessed. Mangiferin (50-5000 μg/plate) did not increased the frequency of reverse mutations in the Ames test, nor induced primary DNA damage (5-1000 μg/mL) to Escherichia coli PQ37 cells under the SOS Chromotest. It was observed neither single strand breaks nor alkali-labile sites in blood peripheral lymphocytes or hepatocytes after 1h exposition to 10-500 μg/mL of mangiferin under the Comet assay. Furthermore, micronucleus studies showed mangiferin neither induced cytotoxic activity nor increased the frequency of micronucleated/binucleated cells in mice bone marrow. In short, mangiferin did not induce cytotoxic or genotoxic effects but it protect against DNA damage which would be associated with its antioxidant properties and its capacity to inhibit CYP enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Rodeiro
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Bioproductos Marinos (CEBIMAR), Loma y 37, Vedado, P.O. Box 10400, La Habana, Cuba.
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Hudecová A, Kusznierewicz B, Hašplová K, Huk A, Magdolenová Z, Miadoková E, Gálová E, Dušinská M. Gentiana asclepiadea exerts antioxidant activity and enhances DNA repair of hydrogen peroxide- and silver nanoparticles-induced DNA damage. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3352-9. [PMID: 22721983 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to high levels of different environmental pollutants is known to be associated with induction of DNA damage in humans. Thus DNA repair is of great importance in preventing mutations and contributes crucially to the prevention of cancer. In our study we have focused on quantitative analysis of Gentiana asclepiadea aqueous or methanolic extracts obtained from flower and haulm, their antioxidant potency in ABTS post-column derivatisation, and their potential ability to enhance DNA repair in human lymphocytes after hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) treatment (250 μM, 5 min). We also studied DNA repair in human kidney HEK 293 cells after exposure to 20 nm silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) (100 μg/ml, 30 min) in the presence and absence of the plant extract. We have found that mangiferin along with unidentified polar compounds are the most pronounced antioxidants in the studied extracts. Extract from haulm exhibited slightly stronger antioxidant properties compared to flower extracts. However, all four extracts showed significant ability to enhance DNA repair in both cell types after H(2)O(2) and AgNP treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Hudecová
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina, Bratislava 842 15, Slovakia
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Agarwala S, B NR, Mudholkar K, Bhuwania R, Satish Rao BS. Mangiferin, a dietary xanthone protects against mercury-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2012; 27:117-27. [PMID: 20629087 PMCID: PMC3483531 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is one of the noxious heavy metal environmental toxicants and is a cause of concern for human exposure. Mangiferin (MGN), a glucosylxanthone found in Mangifera indica, reported to have a wide range of pharmacological properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytoprotective potential of MGN, against mercury chloride (HgCl(2) ) induced toxicity in HepG2 cell line. The cytoprotective effect of MGN on HgCl(2) induced toxicity was assessed by colony formation assay, while antiapoptotic effect by fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometric DNA analysis, and DNA fragmentation pattern assays. Further, the cytoprotective effect of MGN against HgCl(2) toxicity was assessed by using biochemical parameters like reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) by spectrophotometrically, mitochondrial membrane potential by flowcytometry and the changes in reactive oxygen species levels by DCFH-DA spectrofluoremetric analysis. A significant increase in the surviving fraction was observed with 50 μM of MGN administered two hours prior to various concentrations of HgCl(2) . Further, pretreatment of MGN significantly decreased the percentage of HgCl(2) induced apoptotic cells. Similarly, the levels of ROS generated by the HgCl(2) treatment were inhibited significantly (P < 0.01) by MGN. MGN also significantly (P < 0.01) inhibited the HgCl(2) induced decrease in GSH, GST, SOD, and CAT levels at all the post incubation intervals. Our study demonstrated the cytoprotective potential of MGN, which may be attributed to quenching of the ROS generated in the cells due to oxidative stress induced by HgCl(2) , restoration of mitochondrial membrane potential and normalization of cellular antioxidant levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobhika Agarwala
- Division of Biotechnology, Manipal Life Sciences Centre, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Pierson JT, Dietzgen RG, Shaw PN, Roberts-Thomson SJ, Monteith GR, Gidley MJ. Major Australian tropical fruits biodiversity: Bioactive compounds and their bioactivities. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 56:357-87. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Mangiferin attenuates methylmercury induced cytotoxicity against IMR-32, human neuroblastoma cells by the inhibition of oxidative stress and free radical scavenging potential. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 193:129-40. [PMID: 21703249 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 06/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mangiferin (MGN), a C-glucosylxanthone was investigated for its ability to protect against methylmercury (MeHg) induced neurotoxicity by employing IMR-32 (human neuroblastoma) cell line. MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] and clonogenic cell survival assays confirmed the efficacy of MGN supplementation in attenuating MeHg-induced cytotoxicity. Pre-treatment with MGN significantly (p<0.01) inhibited MeHg-induced DNA damage (micronuclei, olive tail moment and % tail DNA) thereby demonstrating MGN's antigenotoxic potential. Also, pre-treatment with MGN significantly reduced MeHg-induced oxidative stress, intra-cellular Ca(2+) influx and inhibited depolarization of mitochondrial membrane. MGN pre-treated cells demonstrated a significant (p<0.05) increase in the GSH and GST levels followed by a significant (p<0.05) decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) formation. In addition, inhibition of MeHg induced apoptotic cell death by MGN was demonstrated by microscopic, Annexin-V FITC and DNA fragmentation assays and further confirmed by western blot analysis. The present findings indicated the protective effect of MGN against MeHg induced toxicity, which may be attributed to its anti-genotoxic, anti-apoptotic and anti-lipid peroxidative potential plausibly because of its free radical scavenging ability, which reduced the oxidative stress and in turn facilitated the down-regulation of mitochondrial apoptotic signalling pathways.
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Kaivalya M, Nageshwar Rao BN, Satish Rao BS. Mangiferin: A xanthone attenuates mercury chloride induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in HepG2 cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2011; 25:108-16. [PMID: 21308892 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.20366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mangiferin (MGN), a dietary C-glucosylxanthone present in Mangifera indica, is known to possess a spectrum of beneficial pharmacological properties. This study demonstrates antigenotoxic potential of MGN against mercuric chloride (HgCl2)-induced genotoxicity in HepG2 cell line. Treatment of HepG2 cells with various concentrations of HgCl2 for 3 h caused a dose-dependent increase in micronuclei frequency and elevation in DNA strand breaks (olive tail moment and tail DNA). Pretreatment with MGN significantly (p < 0.01) inhibited HgCl2 -induced (20 µM for 30 h) DNA damage. An optimal antigenotoxic effect of MGN, both in micronuclei and comet assay, was observed at a concentration of 50 µM. Furthermore, HepG2 cells treated with various concentrations of HgCl2 resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the dichlorofluorescein fluorescence, indicating an increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, MGN by itself failed to generate ROS at a concentration of 50 µM, whereas it could significantly decrease HgCl2 -induced ROS. Our study clearly demonstrates that MGN pretreatment reduced the HgCl2-induced DNA damage in HepG2 cells, thus demonstrating the genoprotective potential of MGN, which is mediated mainly by the inhibition of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudholkar Kaivalya
- Division of Biotechnology, Manipal Life Sciences Centre, Manipal University, Manipal 576 104, India
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Archana PR, Nageshwar Rao B, Satish Rao BS. Modulation of gamma ray-induced genotoxic effect by thymol, a monoterpene phenol derivative of cymene. Integr Cancer Ther 2010; 10:374-83. [PMID: 21147817 DOI: 10.1177/1534735410387421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The radioprotective effect of thymol (TOH), a monoterpene phenol, on radiation-induced DNA damage was analyzed in vitro. Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells (V79) were treated with different concentrations of TOH (0-100 µg/mL) for 1 hour before exposure to 3 Gy gamma irradiation, and then cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus and single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) assays were used to evaluate the radiation-induced cytogenetic damage and genotoxic effects. Furthermore, the modulating effect of TOH on radiation-induced cell death was assessed by apoptotic and necrotic cell detection by staining with ethidium bromide/acridine orange using fluorescence microscopy. To understand the mechanism of TOH-imparted cytoprotection, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was detected by flow cytometry after staining the cells with Rhodamine 123. Pretreatment of V79 cells with various concentrations of TOH (0-100 µg/mL) for 1 hour reduced the radiation-induced micronuclei as well as percent tail DNA and mean Olive tail moment with a maximum protective effect observed at TOH (25 µg/mL). Apoptosis by microscopic, MMP measurements indicated that the V79 cells exposed to gamma radiation alone showed a maximal increase in the number of early and late apoptotic and necrotic cell death associated with a significant loss of the MMP. Pretreatment with TOH (25 µg/mL) showed a significant (P < .01) decrease in the level of apoptotic fraction as well as necrotic cells and suppressed the radiation-induced collapse of MMP when compared with the radiation alone group. These results suggest that TOH suppresses radiation-induced genotoxicity, apoptosis, and necrosis primarily by the free radical scavenging and modulation of oxidative stress.
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Nageshwar Rao B, Satish Rao BS. Antagonistic effects of Zingerone, a phenolic alkanone against radiation-induced cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, apoptosis and oxidative stress in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells growing in vitro. Mutagenesis 2010; 25:577-87. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geq043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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45
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Viswanadh EK, Rao BN, Rao BSS. Antigenotoxic effect of mangiferin and changes in antioxidant enzyme levels of Swiss albino mice treated with cadmium chloride. Hum Exp Toxicol 2010; 29:409-18. [PMID: 20150354 DOI: 10.1177/0960327110361752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is an environmental metal toxin implicated in human diseases. Mangiferin (MGN), a naturally occurring glucosylxanthone, is present in Mangifera indica. In this study, the protective role of MGN against cadmium chloride (CdCl(2))-induced genotoxicity was studied in Swiss albino mice. Mice were administered with single intra-peritoneal (i.p.) optimal dose of MGN (2.5 mg/kg b.wt.) before treatment with various concentrations of CdCl(2) (7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 mg/kg b.wt.). The LD( 50(30)) was found to be 8.5 mg/kg b.wt. for DDW + CdCl(2) group, while it was increased to 9.77 mg/kg after MGN treatment resulting in increase in the LD(50(30)) value by 1.26 mg, with a dose reduction factor (DRF) of 1.14. Treatment of mice to various doses of CdCl(2) resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic (MnPCE) and normochromatic erythrocytes (MnNCE), with corresponding decrease in the polychromatic / normochromatic erythrocyte ratio (PCE/NCE ratio) at various post-treatment times. MGN (2.5 mg/kg b.wt.) pretreatment significantly (p < .001) reduced the frequency of MnPCE, MnNCE and increased PCE/NCE ratio when compared with the DDW + CdCl(2) group at all post-treatment times indicating its antigenotoxic effect. Further, pretreatment of MGN declined the lipid peroxidation (LPx) content in liver, whereas significant increase was observed in hepatic Glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity. Our study revealed that MGN has potent antigenotoxic effect against CdCl(2)-induced toxicity in mice, which may be due to the scavenging of free radicals and increased antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kasi Viswanadh
- Division of Biotechnology, Manipal Life Sciences Centre, Manipal University, Manipal, India
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46
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Chieli E, Romiti N, Rodeiro I, Garrido G. In vitro effects of Mangifera indica and polyphenols derived on ABCB1/P-glycoprotein activity. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:2703-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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47
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Archana P, Nageshwar Rao B, Ballal M, Satish Rao B. Thymol, a naturally occurring monocyclic dietary phenolic compound protects Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts from radiation-induced cytotoxicity. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2009; 680:70-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2009.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Revised: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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Lin H, Lan J, Guan M, Sheng F, Zhang H. Spectroscopic investigation of interaction between mangiferin and bovine serum albumin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 73:936-941. [PMID: 19501542 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2008] [Revised: 04/12/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of interaction between mangiferin (MA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) in aqueous solution was investigated by fluorescence spectra, synchronous fluorescence spectra, absorbance spectra and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The binding constants and binding sites of MA to BSA at different reaction times were calculated. And the distance between MA and BSA was estimated to be 5.20 nm based on Föster's theory. In addition, synchronous fluorescence and FT-IR measurements revealed that the secondary structures of the protein changed after the interaction of MA with BSA. As a conclusion, the interaction between the anti-diabetes Chinese medicine MA and BSA may provide some significant information for the mechanism of the traditional chinese medicine MA on the protein level to cure diabetes or other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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49
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Aithal BK, Kumar MRS, Rao BN, Udupa N, Rao BSS. Juglone, a naphthoquinone from walnut, exerts cytotoxic and genotoxic effects against cultured melanoma tumor cells. Cell Biol Int 2009; 33:1039-49. [PMID: 19555768 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2009.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Revised: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of juglone, a chief constituent of walnut, and its underlying mechanisms against melanoma cells. MTT assay and clonogenic assay were used to study cytotoxicity, micronucleus assay to assess genotoxicity, glutathione (GSH) assay and 2',7'-dicholorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay to evaluate the oxidative stress induction. Apoptosis/necrosis induction was analysed by flow cytometry. We observed a concentration-dependent decrease in cell survival with a corresponding increase in the lactate dehydrogenase levels. A dose-dependent increase in the frequency of micronucleated binucleate cells indicated the potential of juglone to induce cytogenetic damage in melanoma tumor cells. Moreover, results of the micronuclei study indicated division delay in the proliferating cell population by showing decrease in the cytokinesis blocked proliferation index. Further, juglone-induced apoptosis and necrosis could be demonstrated by oligonucleosomal ladder formation, microscopic analysis, increase in the hypodiploid fraction (sub Go peak in DNA histogram), as well as an increased percentage of AnnexinV(+)/PI(+) cells detected by flow cytometry. A significant concentration-dependent decrease in the glutathione levels and increase in dichlorofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence after juglone treatment confirmed the ability of juglone to generate intracellular reactive oxygen species. The cytotoxic effect of juglone can be attributed to mechanisms including the induction of oxidative stress, cell membrane damage, and a clastogenic action leading to cell death by both apoptosis and necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kiran Aithal
- Division of Radiobiology and Toxicology, Manipal Life Sciences Centre, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
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