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Kaur P, Kumar M, Kaur S, Kumar A, Kaur S. In Vitro Modulation of Genotoxicity and Oxidative Stress by Polyphenol-Rich Fraction of Chinese Ladder Brake (Pteris vittata L.). Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:774-789. [PMID: 37195566 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04561-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Pteris vittata L. is a terrestrial genus growing in moist, shady forests and on hillsides. The plant has considerable ethnomedicinal importance. Investigations have been carried out on chemical profiling and antioxidant compounds from some genera of pteridophytes but studies on the biological properties of P. vittata are lacking. Therefore, the present study investigates antioxidant, antigenotoxic, and antiproliferative potential of the aqueous fraction of P. vittata (PWE). A battery of assays were carried out to assess the antioxidant potential of the PWE. SOS chromotest and DNA nicking assay were used to evaluate the antigenotoxicity of the fraction. The cytotoxic effect of PWE was analyzed using MTT and Neutral Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis comet assay. EC50 of 90.188 µg/ml, 80.13 µg/ml, 142.836 µg/ml, and 12.274 µg/ml was obtained in DPPH, superoxide anion scavenging, reducing power and lipid peroxidation assays, respectively. PWE was potent in inhibiting Fenton's reagent-induced nicking of pBR322 plasmid. The fraction significantly inhibited hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4NQO) induced mutagenicity and a reduction in induction factor was found with increased PWE concentration. GI50 of 147.16 µg/ml was obtained in MTT assay in human MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. PWE induced apoptosis as confirmed from confocal microscopy studies. The protective effects can be attributed to the presence of the phytochemicals in PWE. These results will be helpful in the development of functional food characteristics, as well as unravel the benefits of pteridophytes as promoters of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramjeet Kaur
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | | | - Sandeep Kaur
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
- University Centre for Research & Development (UCRD), Biotechnology Engineering & Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Satwinderjeet Kaur
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India.
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Fuentes-León F, Quintero-Ruiz N, Fernández-Silva FS, Munford V, Vernhes Tamayo M, Menck CFM, Galhardo RS, Sánchez-Lamar A. Genotoxicity of ultraviolet light and sunlight in the bacterium Caulobacter crescentus: Wavelength-dependence. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2024; 894:503727. [PMID: 38432774 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2024.503727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The ultraviolet (UV) component of sunlight can damage DNA. Although most solar UV is absorbed by the ozone layer, wavelengths > 300 nm (UVA and UVB bands) can reach the Earth's surface. It is essential to understand the genotoxic effects of UV light, particularly in natural environments. Caulobacter crescentus, a bacterium widely employed as a model for cell cycle studies, was selected for this study. Strains proficient and deficient in DNA repair (uvrA-) were used to concurrently investigate three genotoxic endpoints: cytotoxicity, SOS induction, and gene mutation, using colony-formation, the SOS chromotest, and RifR mutagenesis, respectively. Our findings underscore the distinct impacts of individual UV bands and the full spectrum of sunlight itself in C. crescentus. UVC light was highly genotoxic, especially for the repair-deficient strain. A UVB dose equivalent to 20 min sunlight exposure also affected the cells. UVA exposure caused a significant response only at high doses, likely due to activation of photorepair. Exposure to solar irradiation resulted in reduced levels of SOS induction, possibly due to decreased cell survival. However, mutagenicity is increased, particularly in uvrA- deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Fuentes-León
- Laboratorio de Genotoxicología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 25 # 455 e\ J e I, Vedado, 10400 La Habana, Cuba; Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, Ed. Biomédicas 2, São Paulo 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Nathalia Quintero-Ruiz
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, Ed. Biomédicas 2, São Paulo 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frank S Fernández-Silva
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, Ed. Biomédicas 2, São Paulo 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Veridiana Munford
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, Ed. Biomédicas 2, São Paulo 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marioly Vernhes Tamayo
- Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Calle 5ta # 502 e/ 5ta Avenida y7ma, Miramar, Playa, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Carlos Frederico Martins Menck
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, Ed. Biomédicas 2, São Paulo 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Galhardo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, Ed. Biomédicas 2, São Paulo 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angel Sánchez-Lamar
- Laboratorio de Genotoxicología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 25 # 455 e\ J e I, Vedado, 10400 La Habana, Cuba.
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Yadav V, Fuentes JL, Krishnan A, Singh N, Vohora D. Guidance for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring anti-genotoxicity. Life Sci 2024; 337:122341. [PMID: 38101613 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Since DNA damage can occur spontaneously or be produced by the environmental genotoxins in living cells, it is important to investigate compounds that can reverse or protect DNA damage. An appropriate methodology is essential for the responsive identification of protection offered against DNA damage. This review includes information on the current state of knowledge on prokaryotic cell-based assays (SOS chromotest, umu test, vitotox assay) and cytogenetic techniques (micronucleus assay, chromosome aberration test and sister chromatid exchange assay) with an emphasis on the possibility to explore genoprotective compounds. Throughout the last decade, studies have extrapolated the scientific methodologies utilized for genotoxicity to assess genoprotective compounds. Therefore, shortcomings of genotoxicity studies are also mirrored in antigenotoxicity studies. While regulatory authorities around the world (OECD, US-EPA and ICH) continue to update diverse genotoxic assay strategies, there are still no clear guidelines/approaches for efficient experimental design to screen genoprotective compounds. As a consequence, non-synergetic and inconsistent implementation of the test method by the researchers to execute such simulations has been adopted, which inevitably results in unreliable findings. The review has made the first attempt to collect various facets of experimentally verified approaches for evaluating genoprotective compounds, as well as to acknowledge potential significance and constraints, and further focus on the assessment of end points which are required to validate such action. Henceforth, the review makes an incredible commitment by permitting readers to equate several components of their test arrangement with the provided simplified information, allowing the selection of convenient technique for the predefined compound from a central repository.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Yadav
- Neurobehavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Jorge L Fuentes
- School of Biology, Science Faculty, Industrial University of Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Santander, Colombia
| | - Anuja Krishnan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Neenu Singh
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Divya Vohora
- Neurobehavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Gómez VA, Pozo K, Clérandeau C, Cachot J, Montes C, Přibylová P, Glabán-Malagón C, Clarke B, Klanova J, Morin B. Plastic debris, persistent organic pollutants and their toxicity impacts in coastal areas in Central Chile. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 194:115361. [PMID: 37579596 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The chemical components of plastic wastes have made their disposal a major economic, social, and environmental problem worldwide. This study evaluated the acute toxicity and genotoxicity of marine plastic debris on the beaches of Concepción Bay, Central Chile, taken during three periods (spring, summer, and winter). An integrated approach was used, including chemical and toxicological data, using the Microtox® test with Vibrio fischeri and SOS chromotest with Escherichia coli and concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The results presented here exclusively include the novel data obtained from the winter campaign, revealing high concentrations of PBDEs (238 ± 521 ng g-1). In addition, the genotoxicity and acute toxicity tests were sensitive for most of the samples studied. This investigation is the first attempt to analyse the toxicity of plastic debris in coastal areas along the Chilean coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Gómez
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100, Italy,; Centro GEMA (Genómica, Ecología y Medio Ambiente), Universidad Mayor, Huechuraba, Santiago 8580000, Chile; Anillo en Ciencia y Tecnología Antártica POLARIX, Chile.
| | - Karla Pozo
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur, 1457, Concepción 4080871, Chile; Masaryk University, Faculty of Science (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Jérôme Cachot
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Caroline Montes
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, 4070386, Chile
| | - Petra Přibylová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Cristóbal Glabán-Malagón
- Centro GEMA (Genómica, Ecología y Medio Ambiente), Universidad Mayor, Huechuraba, Santiago 8580000, Chile; Anillo en Ciencia y Tecnología Antártica POLARIX, Chile; Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Bradley Clarke
- School of Chemistry, Australian Laboratory for Emerging Contaminants (ALEC), The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jana Klanova
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Bénédicte Morin
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France.
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Alabi OA. Comparative chemical analysis, mutagenicity, and genotoxicity of Petroleum refinery wastewater and its contaminated river using prokaryotic and eukaryotic assays. Protoplasma 2023; 260:89-101. [PMID: 35467135 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01763-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Concern on the toxicity of final wastewater generated by the petroleum refining industry has increased in recent years due to the potential health threats associated with their release into the waterways. This study determined the mutagenic and genotoxic potential of petroleum refinery wastewater and a receiving river using the Ames fluctuation test on Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100 and TA98, SOS chromotest on Escherichia coli PQ37, and piscine peripheral micronucleus (MN) assay. Analyses of the physicochemical parameters, heavy metal, and organic contents of the samples were also performed. Ames test result showed that the two tested samples were mutagenic with TA100 strain as the more responsive strain for both the refinery wastewater and the river sample in terms of the calculated mutagenic index. A similar result was obtained in the SOS chromotest; however, the E. coli PQ37 system recorded a slightly higher sensitivity for detecting genotoxins than the Salmonella assay in the two samples. MN data showed induction of a concentration-dependent significant (p < 0.05) increase in the frequency of MN by both samples when compared with the negative control. Generally, the refinery wastewater induced the highest mutagenicity and genotoxicity compared to the river sample in the three assays used. Haemoglobin, platelets, red blood cells, mean corpuscular volume, total white blood cells, heterophils, haematocrit, and eosinophils reduced significantly with increased lymphocytes, basophils, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration in fishes exposed to both samples. Total petroleum hydrocarbon, benzene, toluene, phenol index, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, cadmium, mercury, nickel, lead, and vanadium contents analysed in the samples were believed to be responsible for the observed genotoxicity and mutagenicity. The findings of this study revealed that petroleum refinery wastewater is a potential mutagenic and genotoxic risk to the environment.
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Stoica C, Dinu LR, Lucaciu IE, Oncu V, Gheorghe S, Nita-Lazar M. Sensitivity of Pathogenic Bacteria Strains to Treated Mine Water. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:15535. [PMID: 36497609 PMCID: PMC9739636 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mine water as a result of meteoric and/or underground water's contact with tailings and underground workings could have an elevated content of metals associated with sulfate, often acidic, due to the bio-oxidation of sulfides. When entering aquatic ecosystems, the mine water can cause significant changes in the species' trophic levels, therefore a treatment is required to adjust the alkalinity and to remove the heavy metals and metalloids. The conventional mine water treatment removes metals, but in many cases it does not reduce the sulfate content. This paper aimed to predict the impact of conventionally treated mine water on the receiving river by assessing the genotoxic activity on an engineered Escherichia coli and by evaluating the toxic effects generated on two Gram-negative bacterial strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Although the main chemical impact is the severe increases of calcium and sulfate concentrations, no significant genotoxic characteristics were detected on the Escherichia coli strain and on the cell-viability with a positive survival rate higher than 80%. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was more resistant than Escherichia coli in the presence of 1890 mg SO42-/L. This paper reveals different sensitivities and adaptabilities of pathogenic bacteria to high concentrations of sulfates in mine waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Stoica
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology–ECOIND, 57-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, Sector 6, 060652 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laurentiu Razvan Dinu
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology–ECOIND, 57-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, Sector 6, 060652 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Eugenia Lucaciu
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology–ECOIND, 57-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, Sector 6, 060652 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Voicu Oncu
- SC CEPROMIN S.A., 22 Decembrie 37A Boulevard, 330166 Deva, Romania
| | - Stefania Gheorghe
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology–ECOIND, 57-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, Sector 6, 060652 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Nita-Lazar
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology–ECOIND, 57-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, Sector 6, 060652 Bucharest, Romania
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Alabi OA, Adeoluwa YM. Mutagenicity and genotoxicity of water boiled in aluminum pots of different duration of use using SOS chromotest and Ames fluctuation test. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:771-776. [PMID: 34484668 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Boiling water before drinking or using it for cooking is a general practice especially in areas where portable water is not readily available. However, boiling water in an aluminum pot could be a route of entry of heavy metals into humans. This study assessed the genotoxic and mutagenic potential of boiled water samples from aluminum pots of different duration of use using the SOS chromotest on Escherichia coli PQ37 and the Ames fluctuation test on Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100, respectively. Three aluminum pots from the same manufacturer but of different years of use (6-year-old, 3-year-old, and new aluminum pots) were used for the experiment. Six selected heavy metals (Cadmium, Copper, Arsenic, Nickel, Lead, and Aluminum) were also analyzed in the samples using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS Buck, Scientific model 210 VGP). Cadmium, Copper, Arsenic, Nickel, Lead, and Aluminum were present in all the test water samples at concentrations that were higher than the maximum limit allowable by standard regulatory organizations. The concentrations of these metals in the samples also increased as the duration of use of the aluminum pots increased. The results further showed that the water boiled in the three aluminum pots is mutagenic and genotoxic in both Ames fluctuation and SOS chromotests. The 6-year-old aluminum pot induced the highest mutagenicity and genotoxicity followed by the 3-year-old aluminum pot. The metals in the tested samples were believed to be responsible for the observed mutagenicity and genotoxicity in the microbial assays. The findings of this study revealed that cooking with Aluminum pots could lead to the leaching of heavy metals into food, and pose mutagenic and genotoxic risks to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yetunde M Adeoluwa
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
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Serment-Guerrero J, Dominguez-Monroy V, Davila-Becerril J, Morales-Avila E, Fuentes-Lorenzo JL. Induction of the SOS response of Escherichia coli in repair-defective strains by several genotoxic agents. Mutat Res 2020; 854-855:503196. [PMID: 32660820 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
DNA is exposed to the attack of several exogenous agents that modify its chemical structure, so cells must repair those changes in order to survive. Alkylating agents introduce methyl or ethyl groups in most of the cyclic or exocyclic nitrogen atoms of the ring and exocyclic oxygen available in DNA bases producing damage that can induce the SOS response in Escherichia coli and many other bacteria. Likewise, ultraviolet light produces mainly cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers that arrest the progression of the replication fork and triggers such response. The need of some enzymes (such as RecO, ExoI and RecJ) in processing injuries produced by gamma radiation prior the induction of the SOS response has been reported before. In the present work, several repair-defective strains of E. coli were treated with methyl methanesulfonate, ethyl methanesulfonate, mitomycin C or ultraviolet light. Both survival and SOS induction (by means of the Chromotest) were tested. Our results indicate that the participation of these genes depends on the type of injury caused by a genotoxin on DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Serment-Guerrero
- Departamento de Biología, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, La Marquesa, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Viridiana Dominguez-Monroy
- Departamento de Biología, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, La Marquesa, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Jenny Davila-Becerril
- Departamento de Biología, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, La Marquesa, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Enrique Morales-Avila
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Jorge Luis Fuentes-Lorenzo
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental, Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética, Escuela de Biología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
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Abstract
Increase in production of different types of plastics has led to increase in the amount of plastic waste generation worldwide. The chemical constituents of these plastic wastes have made their disposal an important economic and environmental health problem globally. This study assessed the mutagenic and genotoxic potential of plastic waste dumpsite raw and simulated leachates using the Ames Salmonella fluctuation test with Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100, and the SOS chromotest with Escherichia coli PQ37. Physico-chemical parameters and organic constituents of the leachates were also analyzed. The result of the Ames test showed that the leachates are mutagenic even at low concentration. Also, the TA100 strain was the more responsive strain in terms of mutagenic index in the absence of metabolic activation. The SOS chromotest results complimented the Ames Salmonella fluctuation test results. Nevertheless, the E. coli PQ37 system was slightly more sensitive than the Salmonella assay for detecting mutagens and genotoxins in the tested leachates. Generally, simulated leachate showed a higher mutagenicity and genotoxicity than the raw leachate. Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, As, PBDEs, PAHs, PCBs, and Bisphenol A contents analyzed in the leachates were believed to play significant role in the observed mutagenicity and genotoxicity in the microbial assays. These data showed that plastic waste constituents are capable of inducing DNA damage in exposed organisms and might induce similar damage in plants, animals and humans exposed to it, hence, great care should be taken to eliminate indiscriminate disposal of plastics in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okunola A Alabi
- a Department of Biology , Federal University of Technology , Akure , Ondo State , Nigeria
| | - Adewale A Sorungbe
- a Department of Biology , Federal University of Technology , Akure , Ondo State , Nigeria
| | - Yetunde M Adeoluwa
- a Department of Biology , Federal University of Technology , Akure , Ondo State , Nigeria
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Baráková D, Sharma A, Chropeňová M, Čupr P. A novel screening method to identify air pollution by genotoxic compounds. Environ Pollut 2018; 234:473-479. [PMID: 29207299 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxic compounds, as common contaminants of the air environment, are of interest in air pollution monitoring. There are several methods to determine the level of these contaminants in different localities, many of which may be difficult to access with the use of conventional active and passive samplers. In the present study, the needles Pinus mugo Turra and Picea abies were used to monitor sampling localities in Austria, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic. Needles were extracted and chemical analysis and the genotoxicity bioassay SOS chromotest were used to obtain complex information about the chemical mixture of pollutants present and their genotoxic effects. The SOS chromotest method was optimized by using a CPRG chromogenic substrate to reduce the false positive genotoxic effect of needle extracts. Pinus mugo Turra and Picea abies were identified as suitable passive sampling matrices for long-term air monitoring using the same plants sampled at the same time. The presented study brings an innovative method for the fast screening and identification of localities loaded by genotoxic active air contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Baráková
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anežka Sharma
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mária Chropeňová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Čupr
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Abstract
The inappropriate and unsafe management practices related to disposal and recycling of electronic wastes in Nigeria has led to environmental and underground water contamination. Reports on the level and type of contamination as well as the possible DNA damage effects of this contamination are insufficient. This study evaluated the DNA damaging potential of e-waste simulated and raw leachates, and its contaminated underground water using the SOS chromotest on Escherichia coli PQ37 and the Ames Salmonella fluctuation test on Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100, without and with metabolic activation. Physico-chemical parameters of the samples were also analyzed. The result of the Ames test showed induction of base pair substitution and frameshift mutation by the test samples. However, the TA100 was the more responsive strain for the three samples in terms of mutagenic index in the absence and presence of metabolic activation. The SOS chromotest results were in agreement with those of the Ames Salmonella fluctuation test. Nevertheless, the E. coli PQ37 system was slightly more sensitive than the Salmonella assay for detecting genotoxins in the tested samples. Lead, cadmium, manganese, copper, nickel, chromium, arsenic, and zinc contents analyzed in the samples were believed to play a significant role in the observed DNA damage in the microbial assays. The results of this study showed that e-waste simulated and raw leachates, and its contaminated underground water are of potential mutagenic and genotoxic risks to the exposed human populace.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Okunola Alabi
- a Department of Biology , Federal University of Technology , Akure , Ondo State , Nigeria
| | - A Adekunle Bakare
- b Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology , University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria
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Sebők F, Dobolyi C, Zágoni D, Risa A, Krifaton C, Hartman M, Cserháti M, Szoboszlay S, Kriszt B. Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus strains in Hungarian maize fields. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2016; 63:491-502. [PMID: 27842453 DOI: 10.1556/030.63.2016.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Due to the climate change, aflatoxigenic Aspergillus species and strains have appeared in several European countries, contaminating different agricultural commodities with aflatoxin. Our aim was to screen the presence of aflatoxigenic fungi in maize fields throughout the seven geographic regions of Hungary. Fungi belonging to Aspergillus section Flavi were isolated in the ratio of 26.9% and 42.3% from soil and maize samples in 2013, and these ratios decreased to 16.1% and 34.7% in 2014. Based on morphological characteristics and the sequence analysis of the partial calmodulin gene, all isolates proved to be Aspergillus flavus, except four strains, which were identified as Aspergillus parasiticus. About half of the A. flavus strains and all the A. parasiticus strains were able to synthesize aflatoxins. Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus strains were isolated from all the seven regions of Hungary. A. parasiticus strains were found in the soil of the regions Southern Great Plain and Southern Transdanubia and in a maize sample of the region Western Transdanubia. In spite of the fact that aflatoxins have rarely been detected in feeds and foods in Hungary, aflatoxigenic A. flavus and A. parasiticus strains are present in the maize culture throughout Hungary posing a potential threat to food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flóra Sebők
- 1 Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, Szent István University , Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Csaba Dobolyi
- 1 Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, Szent István University , Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Dóra Zágoni
- 1 Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, Szent István University , Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Anita Risa
- 1 Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, Szent István University , Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Csilla Krifaton
- 1 Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, Szent István University , Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Mátyás Hartman
- 1 Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, Szent István University , Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Mátyás Cserháti
- 1 Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, Szent István University , Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Sándor Szoboszlay
- 1 Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, Szent István University , Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Balázs Kriszt
- 1 Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, Szent István University , Gödöllő, Hungary
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Bolsunovsky A, Frolova T, Dementyev D, Sinitsyna O. Low doses of gamma-radiation induce SOS response and increase mutation frequency in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium cells. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2016; 134P1:233-238. [PMID: 27639198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study addresses use of two bacterial test systems (the Ames test and the SOS chromotest) to estimate the effects of low doses of γ-radiation. The most substantial increases in induction of SOS response and mutation frequencies were observed in the first 24h of exposure to γ-radiation as compared to the cells in the exposure-free control. Gamma-radiation also impaired growth and survival of S. typhimurium cells in the first 24h. The effects were attenuated at lower exposure doses and at longer exposure times. In the experiments conducted in this study, at 96h of exposure, the values of some of the γ-radiation effects were lower than the MID (minimum inducing dose) detection limits and, thus, were neglected. Long-term exposure to γ-radiation could also result in combined effects of γ-radiation and the death of cells in the culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bolsunovsky
- Institute of Biophysics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
| | - Tatiana Frolova
- FRC Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry Dementyev
- Institute of Biophysics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Olga Sinitsyna
- FRC Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Załęska-Radziwiłł M, Affek K, Doskocz N, Affek A. In vitro and in vivo genotoxicity assessment of selected pharmaceuticals in relation to Escherichia coli and Cyprinus carpio. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2016; 51:1053-1061. [PMID: 27410723 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2016.1198625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxicity studies (using SOS chromotest and comet assay) of Escherichia coli and carp (Cyprinus carpio) were performed for three pharmaceutically active compounds, ciprofloxacin, 17α-ethinylestradiol and 5-fluorouracil, used in the treatment of humans. The values of genotoxicity induction coefficient (I) in the SOS chromotest clearly showed genotoxicity for ciprofloxacin, both in the presence and in the absence of S9 fraction; 17α-ethinylestradiol demonstrated slight genotoxicity at the highest tested concentration; and 5-fluorouracil did not induce genotoxic effects in Escherichia coli mutants. Statistical analysis of the results of the comet assay revealed significant differences in cell populations derived from carp placed in a solution of 5-fluorouracil in comparison with the negative control. Statistical analysis also showed a significant increase of "% DNA in tail" of comets in cell populations incubated in solutions of 17α-ethinylestradiol at concentrations of 10000, 2000 and 400 µg/L and in solutions of 5-fluorouracil with S9 fraction at concentrations of 50,000 and 2,000 μg/L in comparison with the negative controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Załęska-Radziwiłł
- a Department of Biology , Faculty of Building Services, Hydro and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Katarzyna Affek
- a Department of Biology , Faculty of Building Services, Hydro and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Nina Doskocz
- a Department of Biology , Faculty of Building Services, Hydro and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Andrzej Affek
- b Department of Geoecology and Climatology , Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences , Warsaw , Poland
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Barhoumi B, Clérandeau C, Landi L, Pichon A, Le Bihanic F, Poirier D, Anschutz P, Budzinski H, Driss MR, Cachot J. Assessing the toxicity of sediments using the medaka embryo-larval assay and 2 other bioassays. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016; 35:2270-2280. [PMID: 26823140 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sediments are sinks for aquatic pollutants, and analyzing toxicity in such complex matrices is still challenging. To evaluate the toxicity of bioavailable pollutants accumulated in sediments from the Bizerte lagoon (Tunisia), a novel assay, the medaka embryo-larval assay by sediment contact, was applied. Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos were incubated in direct contact with sediment samples up to hatching. Lethal and sublethal adverse effects were recorded in embryos and larvae up to 20 d postfertilization. Results from medaka embryo-larval assay were compared with cytotoxicity (Microtox®), genotoxicity (SOS chromotest), and pollutant content of sediments. The results highlight differences in the contamination profile and toxicity pattern between the different studied sediments. A significant correlation was shown between medaka embryo-larval assay by sediment contact and SOS chromotest responses and concentrations of most organic pollutants studied. No correlation was shown between pollutant levels and Microtox. According to the number of sediment samples detected as toxic, medaka embryo-larval assay by sediment contact was more sensitive than Microtox, which in turn was more sensitive than the SOS chromotest; and medaka embryo-larval assay by sediment contact allowed sediment toxicity assessment of moderately polluted sediments without pollutant extraction and using an ecologically realistic exposure scenario. Although medaka embryo-larval assay by sediment contact should be tested on a larger sample set, the results show that it is sensitive and convenient enough to monitor the toxicity of natural sediments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2270-2280. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badreddine Barhoumi
- Laboratory of Heteroatom Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
- Laboratory EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, University of Bordeaux, Talence Cedex, France
| | | | - Laure Landi
- Laboratory EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, University of Bordeaux, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Anaïk Pichon
- Laboratory EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, University of Bordeaux, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Florane Le Bihanic
- Laboratory EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, University of Bordeaux, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Dominique Poirier
- Laboratory EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, University of Bordeaux, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Anschutz
- Laboratory EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, University of Bordeaux, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- Laboratory EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, University of Bordeaux, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Mohamed Ridha Driss
- Laboratory of Heteroatom Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Jérôme Cachot
- Laboratory EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, University of Bordeaux, Talence Cedex, France
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Sergeeva S, Demidova E, Sinitsyna O, Goryachkovskaya T, Bryanskaya A, Semenov A, Meshcheryakova I, Dianov G, Popik V, Peltek S. 2.3THz radiation: Absence of genotoxicity/mutagenicity in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2016; 803-804:34-8. [PMID: 27265378 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The mutagenicity and genotoxicity in bacteria of 2.3THz radiation (THz) produced by a free-electron laser (NovoFEL) were evaluated; exposures were 5, 10, or 15min at average power 1.4W/cm(2). Two Ames mutagenicity test strains of Salmonella typhimurium, TA98 and TA102, were used. For the genotoxicity test, we measured SOS induction in Escherichia coli PQ37. No significant differences were found between exposed and control cells, indicating that THz radiation is neither mutagenic nor genotoxic under these conditions. Nevertheless, a small increase in total cell number of S. typhimurium after 15min exposure, and an increase in β-galactosidase and alkaline phosphatase activities in E.coli PQ37, were observed, indicating some effect of THz radiation on cell metabolism. We also examined the combined effect of 4-NQO (8μM; positive control) and THz exposure (5min) on genotoxicity in E.coli PQ37. Unexpectedly, THz radiation decreased 4-NQO genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Sergeeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics RAS, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Elisaveta Demidova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics RAS, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Olga Sinitsyna
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics RAS, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Tatiana Goryachkovskaya
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics RAS, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Alla Bryanskaya
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics RAS, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Artem Semenov
- Budker Institute of Nucleic Physics SB RAS, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 11, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Irina Meshcheryakova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics RAS, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Grigory Dianov
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Department of Oncology, Roosevelt Drive, OX37DQ Oxford, UK
| | - Vasiliy Popik
- Budker Institute of Nucleic Physics SB RAS, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 11, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Sergey Peltek
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics RAS, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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Mokdad-Bzeouich I, Kilani-Jaziri S, Mustapha N, Bedoui A, Ghedira K, Chekir-Ghedira L. Evaluation of the antimutagenic, antigenotoxic, and antioxidant activities of Eriobotrya japonica leaves. Pharm Biol 2015; 53:1786-1794. [PMID: 25880139 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1008145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The leaves of Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. (Rosaceae) are used in traditional medicine to treat inflammatory diseases. However, information about the antigenotoxic and antioxidant properties of its leaves remains to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE The objective of this work was to evaluate the mutagenic/antimutagenic, genotoxic/antigenotoxic, and antioxidant potentials of aqueous and total oligomers flavonoid (TOF) extracts from E. japonica. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mutagenic/antimutagenic and genotoxic/antigenotoxic potentials of extracts (50, 250, and 500 µg/plate) were evaluated, respectively, by the Ames test with 48 h incubation and the SOS chromotest test with 2 h incubation. The antioxidant capacity of these extracts (ranging from 50 to 700 µg/mL) was tested using xanthine/xanthine oxidase and the deoxyribose assays. RESULTS Eriobotrya japonica extracts showed neither mutagenic nor genotoxic effect. The highest protective effect against methyl methanesulfonate and 2-aminoanthracene was obtained in the presence of aqueous extract, with IC50 values of 80 and 140 µg/plate, respectively, against S. typhimurium TA104. Moreover, this extract (500 µg/plate) was also able to reduce significantly the genotoxicity induced by nitrofurantoin and aflatoxin B1 with IC50 values of 140 and 240 µg/assay, respectively. Likewise, aqueous and TOF extracts inhibited xanthine oxidase and superoxide anion formation with IC50 values ranging from 45 to 95 and from 70 to 90 µg/mL, respectively. However, TOF extract is more efficient in inhibiting hydroxyl radical and chelating iron ion with IC50 values of 140 and 400 µg/mL, respectively, when compared with the aqueous extract. CONCLUSION Eriobotrya japonica prevents the genotoxicity of some carcinogenic substances probably thanks to its antioxidant capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Mokdad-Bzeouich
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia and
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Duran LTD, Rincón NO, Galvis CEP, Kouznetsov VV, Lorenzo JLF. Genotoxicity risk assessment of diversely substituted quinolines using the SOS chromotest. Environ Toxicol 2015; 30:278-292. [PMID: 24106140 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Quinolines are aromatic nitrogen compounds with wide therapeutic potential to treat parasitic and microbial diseases. In this study, the genotoxicity of quinoline, 4-methylquinoline, 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO), and diversely functionalized quinoline derivatives and the influence of the substituents (functional groups and/or atoms) on their genotoxicity were tested using the SOS chromotest. Quinoline derivatives that induce genotoxicity by the formation of an enamine epoxide structure did not induce the SOS response in Escherichia coli PQ37 cells, with the exception of 4-methylquinoline that was weakly genotoxic. The chemical nature of the substitution (C-5 to C-8: hydroxyl, nitro, methyl, isopropyl, chlorine, fluorine, and iodine atoms; C-2: phenyl and 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl rings) of quinoline skeleton did not significantly modify compound genotoxicities; however, C-2 substitution with α-, β-, or γ-pyridinyl groups removed 4-methylquinoline genotoxicity. On the other hand, 4-NQO derivatives whose genotoxic mechanism involves reduction of the C-4 nitro group were strong inducers of the SOS response. Methyl and nitrophenyl substituents at C-2 of 4-NQO core affected the genotoxic potency of this molecule. The relevance of these results is discussed in relation to the potential use of the substituted quinolines. The work showed the sensitivity of SOS chromotest for studying structure-genotoxicity relationships and bioassay-guided quinoline synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leidy Tatiana Díaz Duran
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental, Escuela de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
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Nam SH, Kim SW, An YJ. No evidence of the genotoxic potential of gold, silver, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the SOS chromotest. J Appl Toxicol 2012; 33:1061-9. [PMID: 23161381 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are widely used in cosmetic products such as preservatives, colorants and sunscreens. This study investigated the genotoxicity of Au NPs, Ag NPs, ZnO NPs and TiO2 NPs using the SOS chromotest with Escherichia coli PQ37. The maximum exposure concentrations for each nanoparticle were 3.23 mg l(-1) for Au NPs, 32.3 mg l(-1) for Ag NPs and 100 mg l(-1) for ZnO NPs and TiO2 NPs. Additionally, in order to compare the genotoxicity of nanoparticles and corresponding dissolved ions, the ions were assessed in the same way as nanoparticles. The genotoxicity of the titanium ion was not assessed because of the extremely low solubility of TiO2 NPs. Au NPs, Ag NPs, ZnO NPs, TiO2 NPs and ions of Au, Ag and Zn, in a range of tested concentrations, exerted no effects in the SOS chromotest, evidenced by maximum IF (IFmax) values of below 1.5 for all chemicals. Owing to the results, nanosized Au NPs, Ag NPs, ZnO NPs, TiO2 NPs and ions of Au, Ag and Zn are classified as non-genotoxic on the basis of the SOS chromotest used in this study. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the genotoxicity of Au NPs, Ag NPs, ZnO NPs and TiO2 NPs using the SOS chromotest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hwa Nam
- Department of Environmental Science, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Korea
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Quintero N, Stashenko EE, Fuentes JL. The influence of organic solvents on estimates of genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity in the SOS chromotest. Genet Mol Biol 2012; 35:503-14. [PMID: 22888301 PMCID: PMC3389540 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572012000300018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the toxicity and genotoxicity of organic solvents (acetone, carbon tetrachloride, dichloromethane, dimethylsulfoxide, ethanol, ether and methanol) were studied using the SOS chromotest. The influence of these solvents on the direct genotoxicity induced by the mutagens mitomycin C (MMC) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) were also investigated. None of the solvents were genotoxic in Escherichia coli PQ37. However, based on the inhibition of protein synthesis assessed by constitutive alkaline phosphatase activity, some solvents (carbon tetrachloride, dimethylsulfoxide, ethanol and ether) were toxic and incompatible with the SOS chromotest. Solvents that were neither toxic nor genotoxic to E. coli (acetone, dichloromethane and methanol) significantly reduced the genotoxicity of MMC and 4-NQO. When these solvents were used to dissolve vitamin E they increased the antigenotoxic activity of this compound, possibly through additive or synergistic effects. The relevance of these results is discussed in relation to antigenotoxic studies. These data indicate the need for careful selection of an appropriate diluent for the SOS chromotest since some solvents can modulate genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Quintero
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental, Escuela de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
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López MA, Stashenko EE, Fuentes JL. Chemical composition and antigenotoxic properties of Lippia alba essential oils. Genet Mol Biol 2011; 34:479-88. [PMID: 21931523 PMCID: PMC3168191 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572011005000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work evaluated the chemical composition and the DNA protective effect of the essential oils (EOs) from Lippia alba against bleomycin-induced genotoxicity. EO constituents were determined by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis. The major compounds encountered being citral (33% geranial and 25% neral), geraniol (7%) and trans-β-caryophyllene (7%) for L. alba specimen COL512077, and carvone (38%), limonene (33%) and bicyclosesquiphellandrene (8%) for the other, COL512078. The genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of EO and the compounds citral, carvone and limonene, were assayed using the SOS Chromotest in Escherichia coli. The EOs were not genotoxic in the SOS chromotest, but one of the major compound (limonene) showed genotoxicity at doses between 97 and 1549 mM. Both EOs protected bacterial cells against bleomycin-induced genotoxicity. Antigenotoxicity in the two L. alba chemotypes was related to the major compounds, citral and carvone, respectively. The results were discussed in relation to the chemopreventive potential of L. alba EOs and its major compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molkary Andrea López
- Microbiology and Environmental Mutagenesis Laboratory, Biology School, Faculty of Sciences, Industrial University of Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Elena E. Stashenko
- Research Center for Biomolecules, Research Center of Excellence, Industrial University of Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Jorge Luis Fuentes
- Microbiology and Environmental Mutagenesis Laboratory, Biology School, Faculty of Sciences, Industrial University of Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Research Center for Biomolecules, Research Center of Excellence, Industrial University of Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
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